1
|
Veraguas-Dávila D, Zapata-Rojas C, Aguilera C, Saéz-Ruiz D, Saravia F, Castro FO, Rodriguez-Alvarez L. Proteomic Analysis of Domestic Cat Blastocysts and Their Secretome Produced in an In Vitro Culture System without the Presence of the Zona Pellucida. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4343. [PMID: 38673927 PMCID: PMC11050229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic cat blastocysts cultured without the zona pellucida exhibit reduced implantation capacity. However, the protein expression profile has not been evaluated in these embryos. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protein expression profile of domestic cat blastocysts cultured without the zona pellucida. Two experimental groups were generated: (1) domestic cat embryos generated by IVF and cultured in vitro (zona intact, (ZI)) and (2) domestic cat embryos cultured in vitro without the zona pellucida (zona-free (ZF group)). The cleavage, morula, and blastocyst rates were estimated at days 2, 5 and 7, respectively. Day 7 blastocysts and their culture media were subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The UniProt Felis catus database was used to identify the standard proteome. No significant differences were found in the cleavage, morula, or blastocyst rates between the ZI and ZF groups (p > 0.05). Proteomic analysis revealed 22 upregulated and 20 downregulated proteins in the ZF blastocysts. Furthermore, 14 proteins involved in embryo development and implantation were present exclusively in the culture medium of the ZI blastocysts. In conclusion, embryo culture without the zona pellucida did not affect in vitro development, but altered the protein expression profile and release of domestic cat blastocysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Veraguas-Dávila
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Km 6 Los Niches, Curicó 3340000, Chile
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Camila Zapata-Rojas
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Constanza Aguilera
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Natural Sciences, San Sebastián University, Concepción 4081339, Chile;
| | - Darling Saéz-Ruiz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Fernando Saravia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Fidel Ovidio Castro
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Lleretny Rodriguez-Alvarez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shilton CA, Kahler A, Roach JM, Raudsepp T, de Mestre AM. Lethal variants of equine pregnancy: is it the placenta or foetus leading the conceptus in the wrong direction? Reprod Fertil Dev 2022; 35:51-69. [PMID: 36592981 DOI: 10.1071/rd22239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic and foetal loss remain one of the greatest challenges in equine reproductive health with 5-10% of established day 15 pregnancies and a further 5-10% of day 70 pregnancies failing to produce a viable foal. The underlying reason for these losses is variable but ultimately most cases will be attributed to pathologies of the environment of the developing embryo and later foetus, or a defect intrinsic to the embryo itself that leads to lethality at any stage of gestation right up to birth. Historically, much research has focused on the maternal endometrium, endocrine and immune responses in pregnancy and pregnancy loss, as well as infectious agents such as pathogens, and until recently very little was known about the both small and large genetic variants associated with reduced foetal viability in the horse. In this review, we first introduce key aspects of equine placental and foetal development. We then discuss incidence, risk factors and causes of pregnancy loss, with the latter focusing on genetic variants described to date that can impact equine foetal viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A Shilton
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Anne Kahler
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Jessica M Roach
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Terje Raudsepp
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
| | - Amanda M de Mestre
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pennington PM, Splan RK, Jacobs RD, Wang Y, Wagner AL, Freeman EW, Pukazhenthi BS. Influence of Reproductive Status on Equine Serum Proteome: Preliminary Results. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 105:103724. [PMID: 34607689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive cycle and early pregnancy represent dynamic physiological states in mammals, but mechanisms involved in early pregnancy in the domestic horse remain poorly understood. Proteins in uterine secretions have been studied, but the proteome of peripheral serum during various reproductive states has not been investigated. This study characterized and compared the serum proteome in the domestic horse during various reproductive states. Serum was collected from three mares during: (1) estrus (day [d] -1; d 0 = ovulation), (2) diestrus (d 12.5, non-mated), (3) early pregnancy (d 12.5, pregnant), and (4) nonpregnant (d 12.5, unsuccessfully mated) states. Serum proteins in each sample were analyzed by Nano LC-MS/MS, and 308 proteins were identified. Differentially-expressed proteins (DEP; > 1.5-fold or < - 0.5-fold) were identified by comparison of protein relative abundance between reproductive states: (1) diestrus compared to estrus (DEP = 71), (2) pregnant compared to diestrus (DEP = 72), and (3) non-pregnant compared to pregnant (DEP = 81). DEPs were analyzed for biological function using PANTHER (pantherdb.org). Several pregnancy-specific proteins previously identified in equine pregnant histotroph, including Apolipoprotein A-I, Complement C3, and Histone H4, were detectable in the serum. The ability to detect these biomarkers in serum provides a more readily available option for investigating and understanding early equine pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parker M Pennington
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA
| | - Rebecca K Splan
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Robert D Jacobs
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Yan Wang
- Proteomics Core Facility, College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | | | | | - Budhan S Pukazhenthi
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Acuña F, Barbeito CG, Portiansky EL, Miglino MA, Flamini MA. Prenatal development in Lagostomus maximus (Rodentia, Chinchillidae): A unique case among eutherian mammals of physiological embryonic death. J Morphol 2021; 282:720-732. [PMID: 33638264 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic death followed by resorption is a conserved process in mammals. Among the polyovular species, Lagostomus maximus (plains viscacha) constitutes a model of early and physiological embryonic death, since out of a total of 10-12 implants, 8-10 are resorbed during early/intermediate gestation, surviving are only the most caudal implantations of each uterine horn. This regular reproductive event is unique to this species, but many characteristics of the implantations during the early gestation of L. maximus, when embryonic death processes begin are unknown. The aim of the present work was to analyze the implantation sites of this species using morphological, morphometric, histochemical, lectinhistochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques to infer the possible causes of this event. Macroscopically, the length and width of the implantation sites significantly increased in a craniocaudal direction. Histochemically, the implantation sites did not differ in the expression of glycoconjugates and glycosidic residues. Furthermore, no variations were observed in cell renewal, hormone receptor expression, and decidualization. Both the glandular and vascular areas of the implantation sites significantly increased in the craniocaudal axis. Some necrotic cells and an inflammatory response with a predominance of lymphocytes and fibrin were observed in the cranial and middle but not in the caudal implantation sites. We conclude that signs of embryonic death and resorption are already observed in the early gestation of L. maximus. Our results reaffirm the hypothesis that postulates the key potential role of uterine glands and blood vessels in the gestation of the species, with emphasis on embryonic death. This pattern of embryonic death in L. maximus makes this species an unconventional mammalian model, which adds to the peculiarities of polyovulation (200-800 oocytes/estrus) and hemochorial placentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Acuña
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (LHYEDEYC, FCV-UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT - La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio G Barbeito
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (LHYEDEYC, FCV-UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT - La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique L Portiansky
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT - La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Análisis de Imágenes, Cátedra de Patología General, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (LAI, FCV-UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María A Miglino
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de San Pablo, San Pablo, Brazil
| | - Mirta A Flamini
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (LHYEDEYC, FCV-UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rivera Del Alamo MM, Katila T, Palviainen M, Reilas T. Effects of intrauterine devices on proteins in the uterine lavage fluid of mares. Theriogenology 2021; 165:1-9. [PMID: 33601088 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine devices block luteolysis in cyclic mares, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. To clarify the mechanisms, the protein profile of the endometrial secretome was analyzed using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Twenty-seven mares were classified according to whether they were inseminated (AI) or had an intrauterine device (IUD), a water-filled plastic sphere, inserted into the uterus on Day 3 after ovulation. Uterine lavage fluids were collected on Day 15 from pregnant inseminated mares (AI-P; n = 8), non-pregnant inseminated mares (AI-N; n = 4), and mares with IUD (n = 15). The IUD group was further divided into prolonged (IUD-P; n = 7) and normal luteal phase (IUD-N; n = 8) groups on the basis of ultrasound examinations, serum levels of progesterone and PGFM on Days 14 and 15, and COX-2 results on Day 15. Four mares from each group were selected for the 2D-DIGE analyses. Ten proteins had significantly different abundance among the groups, nine of the proteins were identified. Malate dehydrogenase 1, increased sodium tolerance 1, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1, prostaglandin reductase 1, albumin and hemoglobin were highest in pregnant mares; T-complex protein 1 was highest in non-pregnant mares; and annexin A1 and 6-phosphogluconolactonase were highest in IUD mares. The results suggest that the mechanism behind the intrauterine devices is likely related to inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Rivera Del Alamo
- Unit of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Travessera Dels Turons S/n Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - T Katila
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - M Palviainen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - T Reilas
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kalpokas I, Martínez MN, Cavestany D, Perdigón F, Mattos RC, Meikle A. Equine early pregnancy endocrine profiles and ipsilateral endometrial immune cell, gene expression and protein localisation response. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:410-426. [PMID: 33752795 DOI: 10.1071/rd21001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the early effects of the equine embryo on maternal serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), leptin and adiponectin, uterine immune cells and genes and proteins related to embryo development and the maintenance of pregnancy. Ipsilateral endometrial expression was assessed on Days 7 and 13 after ovulation for the following transcripts: oestrogen receptor ERα (ESR1), progesterone receptor (PGR), progestin and adipoQ receptor family member 5 (PAQR5), oxytocin receptor (OXTR), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), raf-1 proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (RAF1), p21-activated kinase 6 (PAK6), fibroblast growth factor family member 9 (FGF9), IGF1 and its receptor (IGF1R), mucin 1 (MUC1), osteopontin (OPN), leptin receptor (LEPR) and adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2). Ipsilateral endometrial immunological cell infiltration and immunohistochemical protein localisation were evaluated on Days 7, 10 and 13 after ovulation for ERα, PGR, OXTR, PTGS2, IGF1, IGF1R, IGF2 and MUC1. Serum hormone concentrations were not affected by reproductive status. Pregnancy downregulated ESR1 and PGR mRNA levels, upregulated the expression of all other genes and affected the expression of all genes, except PGR, on Day 7 (compared with eight genes affected at Day 13). Proteins were affected by pregnancy or by its interaction with other variables (day of extraction and endometrial compartment). Pregnant mares had a higher lymphocyte count, which decreased towards Day 13. The effect of pregnancy on leucocytes and proteins was more evident in superficial endometrial compartments. The results of this study suggest that the equine embryo exerts prompt paracrine regulation of critical biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Kalpokas
- Laboratory of Animal Endocrinology and Metabolism, Veterinary Faculty, Montevideo, Uruguay; and Corresponding author.
| | - María Noel Martínez
- Laboratory of Animal Endocrinology and Metabolism, Veterinary Faculty, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniel Cavestany
- Department of Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | - Ana Meikle
- Laboratory of Animal Endocrinology and Metabolism, Veterinary Faculty, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Camacho CA, Santos GDO, Caballeros JE, Cazales N, Ramirez CJ, Vidigal PMP, Ramos HJDO, Barros E, Mattos RC. Uterine infusion of conceptus fragments changes the protein profile from cyclic mares. Anim Reprod 2020; 17:e20200552. [PMID: 33791032 PMCID: PMC7995263 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment aimed to compare at day seven after ovulation, the protein profile of uterine fluid in cyclic mares with mares infused two days before with Day 13 conceptus fragments. Experimental animals were ten healthy cyclic mares, examined daily to detect ovulation (Day 0) as soon as estrus was confirmed. On day seven, after ovulation, uterine fluid was collected, constituting the Cyclic group (n = 10). The same mares were examined in the second cycle until ovulation was detected. On day five, after ovulation, fragments from a previously collected concepti were infused into each mare's uterus. Two days after infusion, uterine fluid was collected, constituting the Fragment group (n = 10). Two-dimensional electrophoresis technique processed uterine fluid samples. A total of 373 spots were detected. MALDI-TOF/TOF and NanoUHPLC-QTOF mass spectrometry identified twenty spots with differences in abundance between the Cyclic and Fragment group. Thirteen proteins were identified, with different abundance between groups. Identified proteins may be related to embryo-maternal communication, which involves adhesion, nutrition, endothelial cell proliferation, transport, and immunological tolerance. In conclusion, conceptus fragments signalized changes in the protein profile of uterine fluid seven days after ovulation in comparison to the observed at Day 7 in the same cyclic mares.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Augusto Camacho
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Gabriel de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Jorge Emilio Caballeros
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Nicolas Cazales
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Facultad de Veterinária, Universidad de la República - UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Camilo José Ramirez
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | - Edvaldo Barros
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Costa Mattos
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khan FA, Diel de Amorim M, Chenier TS. Qualitative analysis and functional classification of the uterine proteome of mares in oestrus and dioestrus. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:1511-1519. [PMID: 32772405 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of the uterine flush fluid proteome of mares in oestrus and dioestrus has been previously reported. The objectives of this study were to: a) evaluate qualitative differences in the uterine flush fluid proteome between mares in oestrus and mares in dioestrus and b) perform a functional classification of proteins either unique to each stage or common between the two stages. Uterine flush fluid samples were collected from 8 light breed mares in either oestrus (n = 5) or dioestrus (n = 3). Proteomic analysis of the samples was conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Proteins exclusively detected in oestrus or dioestrus and those common to both stages were identified using the Scaffold software (version 4.4.8, Proteome Software Inc., Portland, OR). The identified proteins were classified into gene ontology (GO) categories (cellular component [CC], molecular function [MF] and biological process [BP]) using the PANTHER (www.pantherdb.org) classification system version 14.0. Of 172 proteins identified, 51 and 28 were exclusively detected in mares in oestrus and dioestrus, respectively, and 93 proteins were common to both stages. The most represented terms in various GO categories were similar among the three subsets of proteins. The most represented CC terms were extracellular region and cell, the most represented MF terms were catalytic activity and binding, and the most represented BP terms were metabolic process and cellular process. In conclusion, proteomic analysis of the uterine flush fluid enabled the identification of subsets of proteins unique to oestrus or dioestrus, or common to both stages. The results of this study can serve as a baseline for future research focused on finding stage-specific protein markers or evaluating differences in the uterine flush fluid proteome between normal mares and those with uterine disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firdous A Khan
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada
| | - Mariana Diel de Amorim
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Tracey S Chenier
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rieger J, Kaessmeyer S, Al Masri S, Hünigen H, Plendl J. Endothelial cells and angiogenesis in the horse in health and disease-A review. Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 49:656-678. [PMID: 32639627 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is the first functional organ in the embryo, and its blood vessels form a widespread conductive network within the organism. Blood vessels develop de novo, by the differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (vasculogenesis) or by angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge on physiological and pathological angiogenesis in the horse including studies on equine endothelial cells. Principal study fields in equine angiogenesis research were identified: equine endothelial progenitor cells; equine endothelial cells and angiogenesis (heterogeneity, markers and assessment); endothelial regulatory molecules in equine angiogenesis; angiogenesis research in equine reproduction (ovary, uterus, placenta and conceptus, testis); angiogenesis research in pathological conditions (tumours, ocular pathologies, equine wound healing, musculoskeletal system and laminitis). The review also includes a table that summarizes in vitro studies on equine endothelial cells, either describing the isolation procedure or using previously isolated endothelial cells. A particular challenge of the review was that results published are fragmentary and sometimes even contradictory, raising more questions than they answer. In conclusion, angiogenesis is a major factor in several diseases frequently occurring in horses, but relatively few studies focus on angiogenesis in the horse. The challenge for the future is therefore to continue exploring new therapeutic angiogenesis strategies for horses to fill in the missing pieces of the puzzle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Rieger
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Kaessmeyer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Salah Al Masri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hana Hünigen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Plendl
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Camacho CA, Estradé MJ, Cazales N, Caballeros JE, Fiala-Rechsteiner SM, Neves AP, Mattos RC. Histomorphometric and vascular changes in equine endometrium after the infusion of conceptus fragments. Anim Reprod 2020; 17:e20200006. [PMID: 32714458 PMCID: PMC7375867 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment aimed to verify if the proteins present in a 13th day conceptus induce changes in the equine endometrial ultra-structure, histology, and vascularization, two days after its infusion. Ten healthy cyclic mares were used. Once estrus was confirmed, mares were examined daily to detect ovulation (day 0). After ovulation, mares were examined daily until day seven by transrectal palpation and B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography. In this first cycle, intrauterine biopsies were collected at day seven after ovulation, constituting the Cyclic group (n = 10). In the second cycle, the same mares daily were examined until ovulation was detected. After ovulation, mares were examined daily by transrectal palpation and B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography until day 7. On day 5, after ovulation, fragments from previously collected 13-day-old concepti were infused into the uterus of each mare. Intrauterine biopsies were collected at day 7 in all mares (n = 10), constituting the Fragment group. The percentage of ciliated and flattened cells decreased in the Fragment group. Protruded cells, superficial and intraglandular secretion, glandular lumen and diameter, blood vessel diameter, endometrial vascularization, and immune cells were higher in the Fragment group than in the Cyclic group. In summary, proteins of 13th day equine conceptus fragments infused at day five after ovulation signaled histological and vascular changes in the endometrium at the 7th day after ovulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Augusto Camacho
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Maria José Estradé
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Cazales
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jorge Emilio Caballeros
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Costa Mattos
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Itze-Mayrhofer C, Brem G. Quantitative proteomic strategies to study reproduction in farm animals: Female reproductive fluids. J Proteomics 2020; 225:103884. [PMID: 32593762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive fluids from the female reproductive tract are gaining attention for their potential to support and optimize reproductive processes, including gamete maturation and embryo culture in vitro. Quantitative proteomics is a powerful way to decipher the proteome of reproductive tract fluids and to identify biologically relevant proteins. The present review describes proteomic strategies for analysing female reproductive fluid proteins. In addition, it considers the strategies for the preparation of oviductal, uterine and follicular fluid samples. Finally, it highlights the main results of quantitative proteomic studies, providing insights into the biological processes related to reproductive biology in farm animals. SIGNIFICANCE: Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have become vitally important for farm animal breeding and much effort is going into the optimization and refinement of the techniques. There are also attempts to imitate physiological conditions by adding reproductive fluids or individual fluid proteins to improve in vitro procedures. A detailed knowledge of the reproductive fluid proteomes is indispensable. The present review summarizes the most widely used quantitative proteomic approaches for the analysis of fluids from the female reproductive tract and highlights the potential of quantitative proteomics to delineate reproductive processes and identify candidate proteins for ARTs in farm animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corina Itze-Mayrhofer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Group Molecular Reproduction IFA-Tulln, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gottfried Brem
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Acuña F, Barbeito CG, Portiansky EL, Ranea G, Nishida F, Miglino MA, Flamini MA. Early and natural embryonic death in
Lagostomus maximus
: Association with the uterine glands, vasculature, and musculature. J Morphol 2020; 281:710-724. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Acuña
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (LHYEDEC‐FCV‐UNLP) La Plata Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CCT La Plata Argentina
| | - Claudio G. Barbeito
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (LHYEDEC‐FCV‐UNLP) La Plata Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CCT La Plata Argentina
| | - Enrique L. Portiansky
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CCT La Plata Argentina
- Laboratorio de Análisis de Imágenes, Cátedra de Patología General Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (LAI‐FCV‐UNLP) La Plata Argentina
| | - Guadalupe Ranea
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (LHYEDEC‐FCV‐UNLP) La Plata Argentina
| | - Fabian Nishida
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CCT La Plata Argentina
- Laboratorio de Análisis de Imágenes, Cátedra de Patología General Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (LAI‐FCV‐UNLP) La Plata Argentina
| | - María A. Miglino
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaUniversidad de San Paulo San Pablo Brazil
| | - Mirta A. Flamini
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (LHYEDEC‐FCV‐UNLP) La Plata Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lancheros-Buitrago J, Rodriguez-Villamil P, Gregory J, Bastos H, Camacho CA, Caballeros JE, Cazales N, Barros E, José de Jesus Silva M, Pimentel A, Mattos RC. Ceruloplasmin, serotransferrin and albumin presented different abundance in mares' uterine fluid five days after insemination. Theriogenology 2019; 148:194-200. [PMID: 31757481 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of the uterine proteome before the entry of the conceptus to the uterus is essential to know the factors involved in the physiological events of gestation. The objective of the study was to compare proteomic profile of uterine fluid collected on day 5 post ovulation of cyclic and inseminated mares. Samples of endometrial secretion were recovered over 2 cycles during the fifth day post ovulation. The first cycle constituted the Cyclic group and in the following cycle, the same mares were inseminated and considered as the Inseminated group. All the samples were subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). A total of 107 spots were visualized by 2D-PAGE. Three spots with differences in abundance between the inseminated and cyclic mares and with presence in at least 80% in one of the groups were selected and identified. The selected spots were extracted, digested by trypsin and analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) for protein identification. Three proteins were identified: ceruloplasmin (CP) serotransferrin (TF) and albumin (ALB). The identified proteins in this study were related to iron metabolism and immunological tolerance suggesting that changes in their abundance during the 5 days after ovulation are probably a signaling mechanism of the potential equine conceptus to the maternal immune system for its immunological recognition. Probably changes in abundance of CP, ALB and TF represent a mechanism of endometrial preparation for the maternal recognition, attachment and development of a potential equine embryo. There is also evidence to support an alternative hypothesis suggesting that protein changes are inflammatory events, resulting from a previous inflammation due to residual seminal effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joana Gregory
- REPROLAB - Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Henrique Bastos
- REPROLAB - Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nicolas Cazales
- REPROLAB - Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Facultad de Veterinaria - UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Edvaldo Barros
- NuBioMol - Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas, UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Anita Pimentel
- REPROLAB - Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Caballeros JE, Camacho C, Cazales N, Estradé MJ, Fiala-Rechsteiner S, Jobim MIM, Mattos RC. Ultrastructural and histological characteristics of the equine endometrium at day 5 post ovulation. Theriogenology 2019; 132:106-112. [PMID: 31004876 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rapid endometrial adaptations occur with the embryo entering the uterus to create a receptive uterine environment, which is essential for the conceptus' development. The aim of this study was to demonstrate ultrastructural and histological changes of the endometrium at day 5 after ovulation in cyclic and inseminated mares. Mares were daily examined by transrectal palpation and ultrasonographic examination of the reproductive tract until ovulation was detected. In the first cycle, endometrial biopsies from 10 cyclic mares (Cyclic group) were collected on day 5 post-ovulation. In the second cycle, the same mares were inseminated with fresh semen from a fertile stallion (Inseminated group). Intrauterine biopsies were collected on day 5 post-ovulation, and according to sampling moment, inseminated mares were subdivided into two subgroups, those sampled at day 5-5.5 (n = 5) and those sampled at day 5.5-6 (n = 5). Biopsy samples were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Inseminated group presented an increase in glandular diameter, decrease in ciliated cell population, and an increase in lymphocyte population, compared to Cyclic group. No differences were observed between both experimental groups in number of micro-ciliated polygonal cells, percentage of flat or protruded cells in the epithelium, amount of secretion over the epithelium, glandular density, glandular luminal diameter, height of the glandular epithelium, amount of intraglandular secretion, blood vessel diameter and number of eosinophils and neutrophils. No differences in any of the variables were detected between subgroups from inseminated mares. These facts lead to the hypothesis that there is some sort of signaling to prepare and adapt the uterus to maintain pregnancy even before embryo arrival. There is also evidence to support an alternative hypothesis suggesting that all of the above mentioned are inflammatory events, resulting from a previous inflammation due to residual seminal effects. The results here presented lead to the conclusion that significant ultrastructural and histological changes of the endometrium occur on day 5 post ovulation in inseminated mares.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Caballeros
- REPROLAB, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C Camacho
- REPROLAB, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - N Cazales
- REPROLAB, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Facultad de Veterinaria, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M J Estradé
- Facultad de Veterinaria, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - M I M Jobim
- REPROLAB, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - R C Mattos
- REPROLAB, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|