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Chesnokov MS, Mamedova AR, Zhivotovsky B, Kopeina GS. A matter of new life and cell death: programmed cell death in the mammalian ovary. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:31. [PMID: 38509545 PMCID: PMC10956231 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian ovary is a unique organ that displays a distinctive feature of cyclic changes throughout the entire reproductive period. The estrous/menstrual cycles are associated with drastic functional and morphological rearrangements of ovarian tissue, including follicular development and degeneration, and the formation and subsequent atrophy of the corpus luteum. The flawless execution of these reiterative processes is impossible without the involvement of programmed cell death (PCD). MAIN TEXT PCD is crucial for efficient and careful clearance of excessive, depleted, or obsolete ovarian structures for ovarian cycling. Moreover, PCD facilitates selection of high-quality oocytes and formation of the ovarian reserve during embryonic and juvenile development. Disruption of PCD regulation can heavily impact the ovarian functions and is associated with various pathologies, from a moderate decrease in fertility to severe hormonal disturbance, complete loss of reproductive function, and tumorigenesis. This comprehensive review aims to provide updated information on the role of PCD in various processes occurring in normal and pathologic ovaries. Three major events of PCD in the ovary-progenitor germ cell depletion, follicular atresia, and corpus luteum degradation-are described, alongside the detailed information on molecular regulation of these processes, highlighting the contribution of apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. Ultimately, the current knowledge of PCD aberrations associated with pathologies, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, premature ovarian insufficiency, and tumors of ovarian origin, is outlined. CONCLUSION PCD is an essential element in ovarian development, functions and pathologies. A thorough understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating PCD events is required for future advances in the diagnosis and management of various disorders of the ovary and the female reproductive system in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail S Chesnokov
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aygun R Mamedova
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Gelina S Kopeina
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Berisha B, Thaqi G, Sinowatz F, Schams D, Rodler D, Pfaffl MW. Prostaglandins as local regulators of ovarian physiology in ruminants. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e12980. [PMID: 37788129 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins are synthesized from arachidonic acid through the catalytic activities of cyclooxygenase, while the production of different prostaglandin types, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE), are regulated by specific prostaglandin synthases (PGFS and PGES). Prostaglandin ligands (PGF and PGE) bind to specific high-affinity receptors and initiate biologically distinct signalling pathways. In the ovaries, prostaglandins are known to be important endocrine regulators of female reproduction, in addition to maintaining local function through autocrine and/or paracrine effect. Many research groups in different animal species have already identified a variety of factors and molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the regulation of prostaglandin functions. In addition, prostaglandins stimulate their intrafollicular and intraluteal production via the pathway of prostaglandin self-regulation in the ovary. Therefore, the objective of the review article is to discuss recent findings about local regulation patterns of prostaglandin ligands PGF and PGE during different physiological stages of ovarian function in domestic ruminants, especially in bovine. In conclusion, the discussed local regulation mechanisms of prostaglandins in the ovary may stimulate further research activities in different methodological approaches, especially during final follicle maturation and ovulation, as well as corpus luteum formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bajram Berisha
- Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
- Academy of Science of Albania, Tirana, Albania
- Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Granit Thaqi
- Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Fred Sinowatz
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dieter Schams
- Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Daniela Rodler
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
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Piau TB, de Queiroz Rodrigues A, Paulini F. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) performance in ovarian function and applications in reproductive biotechnologies. Growth Horm IGF Res 2023; 72-73:101561. [PMID: 38070331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2023.101561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has attracted close attention. The activity of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) within the ovary has not been fully elucidated to date. These proteins bind to IGF with an equal, or greater, affinity than to the IGF1 receptor, thus being in the main position to regulate IGF signalling, in addition to extending the half-life of IGFs within the bloodstream and promoting IGF storage in specific tissue niches. IGF1 has an important part in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Considering the importance of IGFs in oocyte maturation, this review sought to elucidate aspects including: IGF production mechanisms; constituent members of their family and their respective functions; the role that these factors play during folliculogenesis, together with their functions during oocyte maturation and apoptosis, and their performance during luteal development. This review also explores the role of IGFs in biotechnological applications, focusing specifically on animal genetic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathyana Benetis Piau
- University of Brasília, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Aline de Queiroz Rodrigues
- University of Brasília, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Paulini
- University of Brasília, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
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4
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Xing X, Tian Y, Jin X. Immune infiltration and a necroptosis-related gene signature for predicting the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer. Front Genet 2023; 13:1061107. [PMID: 36685937 PMCID: PMC9852722 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1061107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer (CC), the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide, has high morbidity and mortality. Necroptosis is a newly discovered form of cell death that plays an important role in cancer development, progression, and metastasis. However, the expression of necroptosis-related genes (NRGs) in CC and their relationship with CC prognosis remain unclear. Therefore, we screened the signature NRGs in CC and constructed a risk prognostic model. Methods: We downloaded gene data and clinical information of patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We performed functional enrichment analysis on the differentially expressed NRGs (DENRGs). We constructed prognostic models and evaluated them by Cox and LASSO regressions for DENRGs, and validated them using the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) dataset. We used the obtained risk score to classify patients into high- and low-risk groups. We employed the ESTIMATE and single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithms to explore the relationship between the risk score and the clinical phenotype and the tumor immune microenvironment. Results: With LASSO regression, we established a prognostic model of CC including 16 signature DENRGs (TMP3, CHMP4C, EEF1A1, FASN, TNF, S100A10, IL1A, H1.2, SLC25A5, GLTP, IFNG, H2AC13, TUBB4B, AKNA, TYK2, and H1.5). The risk score was associated with poor prognosis in CC. Survival was lower in the high-risk group than the low-risk group. The nomogram based on the risk score, T stage, and N stage showed good prognostic predictive power. We found significant differences in immune scores, immune infiltration analysis, and immune checkpoints between the high- and low-risk groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We screened for DENRGs based on the TCGA database by using bioinformatics methods, and constructed prognostic models based on the signature DENRGs, which we confirmed as possibly having important biological functions in CC. Our study provides a new perspective on CC prognosis and immunity, and offers a series of new targets for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Xing
- The First Clinical Medical College, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Department of Assisted Reproduction, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanan Tian
- Postgraduate Union Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University, Xiangyang No 1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China,Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Xuan Jin
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Xuan Jin,
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HOJO T, SKARZYNSKI DJ, OKUDA K. Apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and necroptosis: different types of programmed cell death in bovine corpus luteum regression. J Reprod Dev 2022; 68:355-360. [PMID: 36384912 PMCID: PMC9792655 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2022-097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the corpus luteum (CL) is a transient organ that secretes progesterone (P4). In the absence of pregnancy, the CL undergoes regression (luteolysis), which is a crucial preparation step for the next estrous cycle. Luteolysis, initiated by uterine prostaglandin F2α (PGF) in cattle, is usually divided into two phases, namely functional luteolysis characterized by a decline in P4 concentration and structural luteolysis characterized by the elimination of luteal tissues from the ovary. Programmed cell death (PCD) of luteal cells, including luteal steroidogenic cells (LSCs) and luteal endothelial cells (LECs), plays a crucial role in structural luteolysis. The main types of PCD are caspase-dependent apoptosis (type 1), autophagic cell death (ACD) via the autophagy-related gene (ATG) family (type 2), and receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)-dependent programmed necrosis (necroptosis, type 3). However, these PCD signaling pathways are not completely independent and interact with each other. Over the past several decades, most studies on luteolysis have focused on apoptosis as the principal mode of bovine luteal cell death. Recently, ATG family members were reported to be expressed in bovine CL, and their levels increased during luteolysis. Furthermore, the expression of RIPKs, which are crucial mediators of necroptosis, is reported to increase in bovine CL during luteolysis and is upregulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in bovine LSCs and LECs. Therefore, apoptosis, ACD, and necroptosis may contribute to bovine CL regression. In this article, we present the recent findings regarding the mechanisms of the three main types of PCD and the contribution of these mechanisms to luteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuo HOJO
- Division of Livestock and Grassland Research, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan
| | - Dariusz J. SKARZYNSKI
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kiyoshi OKUDA
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
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Shi X, Zhu W, Chen T, Cui W, Li X, Xu S. Paraquat induces apoptosis, programmed necrosis, and immune dysfunction in CIK cells via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:309-316. [PMID: 36126840 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a highly water-soluble, non-selective herbicide. Due to water pollution and lack of specific medicines, it is extremely harmful to humans and aquatic animals. Oxidative stress and apoptosis can affect the immune function of the body. However, the effects and mechanisms of PQ on the immune function, apoptosis and programmed necrosis on CIK cells are still unclear. Therefore, we constructed low (L, 50 μmol/L), medium (M, 100 μmol/L), and high (H, 150 μmol/L) dose models of PQ exposure on CIK cells. The expression of oxidative stress-related indexes (MDA, CAT, GSH-Px and SOD) and interrelated genes were examined by flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and western blotting methods. Our data demonstrated that PQ treatment caused an increase in MDA content and the decreases in the activities of antioxidase and antioxidants (SOD, GSH-Px and CAT) on CIK cells (p < 0.05). We also discovered the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway was significantly activated in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the proportion of programmed necrosis cells increased dramatically at PQ doses from 0 μmol/L to 150 μmol/L. Apoptosis and necrosis-related genes also showed dose-dependent changes (p < 0.05). Briefly, PQ exposure leads to apoptosis and programmed necrosis via the oxidative stress and PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby causing immune dysfunction of CIK cells. This study enriches the toxic influences of PQ on the cells of aquatic organisms and provides a reference for comparative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Wei Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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7
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Berisha B, Thaqi G, Rodler D, Schams D, Sinowatz F, Pfaffl MW. Regulatory changes of local produced prostaglandins in corpus luteum after experimentally induced luteolysis in the cow. Anat Histol Embryol 2022; 51:289-299. [PMID: 35132701 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the expression patterns of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF), prostaglandin E2 (PGE), PGF receptor (FP), PGE receptors (EP2 and EP4), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and prostaglandin synthases (PGFS and PGES) in corpora lutea (CL) during experimentally induced luteolysis in cow. The Fleckvieh cows in the mid-luteal phase (days 8-12, control group) were injected with cloprostenol (PGF analogue), and CL were collected by transvaginal ovariectomy before (days 8-12, control group) and at 0.5, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48 and 64 h after PGF application (n = 5 per group). The mRNA expression was determined by RT-qPCR, the hormone concentrations by enzyme immunoassay and localization by immunohistochemistry. PTGS2 gene expression increased significantly 2 h after PGF application, followed by continuous and significant downregulation afterwards. The PGF tissue concentration increased significantly just after PGF injection and again during structural luteolysis (after 12 h), whereas PGE concentration significantly decreased during structural luteolysis. The FP receptor mRNA decreased significantly at 2 h and again at 12 h after PGF. In contrast, EP4 receptor mRNA increased significantly just after the PGF application (0.5 h). The immunostaining of PGES and PTGS2 on day 15-17 shows numerous positive luteal cells, followed by lower activity afterwards on day 18 (luteolysis). In conclusion, the changes of examined prostaglandin family members in CL tissue after PGF application may be key components of the local mechanisms regulating the cascade of actions leading to functional and subsequent structural luteolysis in the bovine ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bajram Berisha
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, Animal Biotechnology, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.,Academy of Science of Albania, Tirana, Albania.,Animal Physiology and Immunology Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Granit Thaqi
- Animal Physiology and Immunology Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Rodler
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Schams
- Animal Physiology and Immunology Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fred Sinowatz
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Morphology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Animal Physiology and Immunology Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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8
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Makowczenko KG, Jastrzebski JP, Paukszto L, Dobrzyn K, Kiezun M, Smolinska N, Kaminski T. Chemerin Impact on Alternative mRNA Transcription in the Porcine Luteal Cells. Cells 2022; 11:715. [PMID: 35203364 PMCID: PMC8870241 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemerin participates in the regulation of processes related to physiological and disorder mechanisms in mammals, including metabolism, obesity, inflammation, and reproduction. In this study, we have investigated chemerin influence on alternative mRNA transcription within the porcine luteal cell transcriptome, such as differential expression of long non-coding RNAs (DELs) and their interactions with differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differences in alternative splicing of transcripts (DASs), and allele-specific expression (ASEs) related to the single nucleotide variants (SNVs) frequency. Luteal cells were collected from gilts during the mid-luteal phase of the oestrous cycle. After in vitro culture of cells un-/treated with chemerin, the total RNA was isolated and sequenced using the high-throughput method. The in silico analyses revealed 24 DELs cis interacting with 6 DEGs and trans-correlated with 300 DEGs, 137 DASs events, and 18 ASEs. The results enabled us to analyse metabolic and signalling pathways in detail, providing new insights into the effects of chemerin on the corpus luteum functions related to inflammatory response, leukocyte infiltration, the occurrence of luteotropic and luteolytic signals (leading to apoptosis and/or necroptosis). Validation of the results using qPCR confirmed the predicted expression changes. Chemerin at physiological concentrations significantly modifies the transcription processes in the porcine luteal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol G. Makowczenko
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.G.M.); (M.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Jan P. Jastrzebski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Lukasz Paukszto
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Lodzki 1, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Kamil Dobrzyn
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Marta Kiezun
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.G.M.); (M.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Nina Smolinska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.G.M.); (M.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Tadeusz Kaminski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.G.M.); (M.K.); (N.S.)
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Jonczyk AW, Piotrowska-Tomala KK, Skarzynski DJ. Comparison of Intra-CL Injection and Peripheral Application of Prostaglandin F 2α Analog on Luteal Blood Flow and Secretory Function of the Bovine Corpus Luteum. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:811809. [PMID: 35087892 PMCID: PMC8787071 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.811809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of different doses of dinoprost injected directly into the bovine corpus luteum (CL) on (i) concentrations of progesterone (P4) and oxytocin (OT) in peripheral blood and (ii) mRNA levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 (P450scc), hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 β- and steroid delta-isomerase 1 (HSD3B), and receptor-interacting protein kinases 1 and 3 (RIPK1, RIPK3) in CL tissue. Moreover, we examined the effects of dinoprost, injected intra-CL or administered intramuscularly (IM), on CL secretory function and on indicators of CL vascular network status: luteal tissue area (LTA), CL blood flow (CLBF), and the CLBF:LTA ratio (Adj. CLBF), in cows at the early and mid-luteal phases. In the Experiment 1, cows (day 10 of the cycle) were allocated to (i) an intra-CL injection of saline (control; n = 3); (ii) an intra-CL injection of dinoprost (1.25 mg; 2.5 mg, or 5 mg; n = 3 for each dose); (iii) an IM administration of saline (control; n = 3); or (iv) an IM administration of dinoprost (25 mg; positive control; n = 3). Concentrations of OT and P4 were measured in plasma samples. The mRNA expression of steroidogenesis- or necroptosis-related factors was determined in CL tissue 4 h after treatments. In Experiment 2, cows on day 4 (n = 12) or day 10 (n = 12) were allocated to (i) an intra-CL injection of dinoprost (2.5 mg/0.5 ml; n = 6), or (ii) IM administration of dinoprost (25 mg/5 ml; n = 6). Concentrations of P4 were measured in plasma samples. Luteal tissue area, CLBF, and Adj. CLBF were assessed based on color Doppler ultrasonography. An intra-CL injection of dinoprost increased OT and decreased P4 levels in the jugular vein (JV) in a dose-dependent manner in cows at the mid-luteal phase. Increased CLBF and Adj. CLBF, accompanied by reduced P4 levels, were observed 2 h after intra-CL dinoprost injection in middle-stage CL. Decreased STAR and increased RIPK1 and RIPK3 mRNA levels confirmed that 2.5 mg dinoprost injected directly into CL is the minimum dose that induces luteolytic cascade. Injection of dinoprost directly into the CL (at a dosage lower than recommended for peripheral application) results in a pattern similar to IM dinoprost administration.
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10
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The Role of the Guanosine Nucleotide-Binding Protein in the Corpus Luteum. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061524. [PMID: 34073800 PMCID: PMC8225084 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review aims to discuss the role of the guanosine nucleotide-binding protein (RAS) family in the biological events that occur during the formation and regression of the corpus luteum in the ovary. RAS proteins mediate extracellular signals, transduce through their receptors via multiple signaling pathways, and regulate a wide array of cellular processes. RAS exhibits a notable function in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, angiopoietins (ANPT), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). RAS proteins appear to be involved in several factors that are notably associated with the regulation of the corpus luteum. Further research is necessary to enhance our understanding of the role of the RAS family in the ovarian corpus luteum. Abstract The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine gland in the ovary. In the ovarian cycle, repeated patterns of specific cellular proliferation, differentiation, and transformation occur that accompany the formation and regression of the corpus luteum. Molecular mechanism events in the ovarian microenvironment, such as angiogenesis and apoptosis, are complex. Recently, we focused on the role of RAS protein in the ovarian corpus luteum. RAS protein plays a vital role in the modulation of cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation by molecular pathway signaling. Additionally, reproductive hormones regulate RAS activity in the cellular physiological function of ovarian follicles during pre-ovulatory maturation and ovulation. Thus, we have reviewed the role of RAS protein related to the biological events of the corpus luteum in the ovary.
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11
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Witek KJ, Ziecik AJ, Małysz‐Cymborska I, Andronowska A. The presence of CC chemokines and their aberrant role in the porcine corpus luteum. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:632-646. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Jan Witek
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences Olsztyn Poland
| | - Adam J. Ziecik
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences Olsztyn Poland
| | - Izabela Małysz‐Cymborska
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences Olsztyn Poland
| | - Aneta Andronowska
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences Olsztyn Poland
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12
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Effects of prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α) on cell-death pathways in the bovine corpus luteum (CL). BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:416. [PMID: 31752870 PMCID: PMC6873574 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) may differentially affect viability of luteal cells by inducing either proliferation or cell death (via apoptosis or necroptosis). The diverse effects of PGF2α may depend on its local vs. systemic actions. In our study, we determined changes in expression of genes related to: (i) apoptosis: caspase (CASP) 3, CASP8, BCL2 associated X (BAX), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and (ii) necroptosis: receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1, RIPK3, cylindromatosis (CYLD), and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) in the early and mid-stage corpus luteum (CL) that accompany local (intra-CL) vs. systemic (i.m.) analogue of PGF2α (aPGF2α) actions. Cows at day 4 (n = 24) or day 10 (n = 24) of the estrous cycle were treated by injections as follows: (1) systemic saline, (2) systemic aPGF2α (25 mg; Dinoprost), (3) local saline, (4) local aPGF2α (2.5 mg; Dinoprost). After 4 h, CLs were collected by ovariectomy. Expression levels of mRNA and protein were investigated by RT-q PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS We found that local and systemic administration of aPGF2α in the early-stage CL resulted in decreased expression of CASP3 (P < 0.01), but CASP8 mRNA expression was up-regulated (P < 0.05). However, the expression of CASP3 was up-regulated after local aPGF2α treatment in the middle-stage CL, whereas systemic aPGF2α administration increased both CASP3 and CASP8 expression (P < 0.01). Moreover, we observed that both local and systemic aPGF2α injections increased RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL expression in the middle-stage CL (P < 0.05) while CYLD expression was markedly higher after i.m. aPGF2α injections (P < 0.001). Moreover, we investigated the localization of necroptotic factors (RIPK1, RIPK3, CYLD and MLKL) in bovine CL tissue after local and systemic aPGF2α injections in the bovine CL. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated for the first time that genes related to cell death pathways exhibit stage-specific responses to PGF2α administration depending on its local or systemic actions. Locally-acting PGF2α plays a luteoprotective role by inhibiting apoptosis and necroptosis in the early CL. Necroptosis is a potent mechanism responsible for structural CL regression during PGF2α-induced luteolysis in cattle.
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