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Lambertini C, Ballotta G, Cunto M, Iovine IC, Spaccini F, Joechler M, Zambelli D, Romagnoli N. Retrospective evaluation of the induction of anaesthesia with alfaxalone or propofol in cats undergoing caesarean section. J Feline Med Surg 2024; 26:1098612X241275270. [PMID: 39560346 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x241275270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several anaesthetic protocols for caesarean section (c-section) have been described in dogs; however, anaesthesiological studies in cats undergoing c-section are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the viability and outcome of kittens born from queens undergoing emergency c-section and receiving propofol or alfaxalone for anaesthetic induction and isoflurane for maintenance of general anaesthesia. METHODS All cats admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Bologna between January 2014 and December 2022 for dystocia that had undergone an emergency c-section were analysed in this retrospective study. The queens received propofol 2-6 mg/kg IV (group P) or alfaxalone 1-3 mg/kg IV (group A) administered slowly; general anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. Survival of all the kittens was evaluated at birth and after 24 h; in addition, heart rate, respiratory rate and mucous membrane colour were evaluated in the kittens at birth. RESULTS Of the 14 cats included in the study, eight received alfaxalone (group A) and six received propofol (group P) for induction of the general anaesthesia. A total of 50 kittens were born by c-section: 30 kittens in group A and 20 in group P. The overall survival of the kittens was 90% at birth: 96.7% (29/30) for group A and 80% (16/20) for group P. The 24 h survival rate was 93.1% for group A and 87.5% for group P. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of the present study demonstrated that in cats undergoing c-section, both alfaxalone and propofol are feasible for the induction of general anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Lambertini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bo), Italy
| | - Giulia Ballotta
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bo), Italy
| | - Marco Cunto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bo), Italy
| | - Ida Carlotta Iovine
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bo), Italy
| | - Francesca Spaccini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bo), Italy
| | - Monika Joechler
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bo), Italy
| | - Daniele Zambelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bo), Italy
| | - Noemi Romagnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bo), Italy
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Groppetti D, Pecile A, Filipe J, Riva F, Inglesi A, Kuhn PA, Giussani E, Dall’Ara P. Canine Amniotic Fluid at Birth Holds Information about Neonatal Antibody Titres against Core Vaccine Viruses. Vet Sci 2024; 11:234. [PMID: 38921981 PMCID: PMC11209429 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the composition of amniotic fluid (AF) in both humans and animals. In addition to its nutritional and protective functions for the foetus, current knowledge demonstrates that AF also serves advanced diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic roles. Newborn dogs have an underdeveloped immune system, making them highly susceptible to dangerous pathogens such as canine parvovirus (CPV-2), canine infectious hepatitis virus (CAdV-1), and canine distemper virus (CDV), thus exposing them to a high risk of mortality in the first weeks of life. Immunoglobulins G (IgGs) represent the only antibody isotype capable of crossing the placenta in a small amount and have been detected also in canine AF. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of AF collected at birth as a marker of passive immunity in canine species. For this purpose, total and specific IgGs against CPV-2, CAdV-1, and CDV were investigated and quantified in both maternal plasma and AF collected at the time of caesarean section. The vaccination status of the bitches was also taken into consideration. Since the immune system can be influenced by gestational age, with preterm infants having immature innate and adaptive immunity, IgG concentrations were correlated with amniotic lecithin, sphingomyelin, cortisol, surfactant protein A, and pentraxin 3 levels. In a previous study from our group on foetal maturity these molecules were measured in the same samples. Finally, correlations between their amniotic content and neonatal outcomes were investigated. This study demonstrates that AF analysis at birth can provide valuable insights into neonatal immunity in puppies, offering a non-invasive method to detect potential early health risks, for improved puppy care and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joel Filipe
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (D.G.); (A.P.); (F.R.); (A.I.); (P.A.K.); (E.G.); (P.D.)
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de Sant'Ana Alves L, Arcoverde KN, de Oliveira CVA, Cavalcante JM, Araújo-Silva G, de Paula VV. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous dexmedetomidine (2 μg∙kg -1) in dogs. Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105229. [PMID: 38507826 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of low-dose dexmedetomidine after IV bolus in dogs. Six healthy adult dogs (6.8 ± 3.0 kg) received dexmedetomidine (2 μg.kg-1 IV) over 2 min, using an infusion pump. Blood samples were collected totaling 5 h of monitoring. A validated UHPLC-MS/MS method was used to determine the plasma concentration of dexemedetomidine. For pharmacodynamics, HR, RR, oscillometric MBP, Grint END sedation score were evaluated at baseline (T0), every 3 min (T3 to T21), and after 30 (T30) and 60 (T60) minutes, with p < 0.05. T1/2 was 28.28 ± 6.14 min; the area under the curve was 467.44 ± 60.42 ng/mL/min. The total clearance was 5.46 ± 0.41 mL/min/kg, the Vdss was 146.19 ± 21.04 mL/kg, and the C max was 3.13 ± 1.15 ng/mL. HR (bpm) decreased significantly from T6 (79 ± 21) to T21 (78 ± 31) compared to T0 (116 ± 28). RR(mpm) decreased from T3 (43 ± 44) to T60 (41 ± 23), with T0 being 70 ± 48. The MBP (mmHg) increased at T18 (151 ± 34), T21 (152 ± 35), and T30 (140 ± 27), compared to T0 (111 ± 22). Sedation occurred at all times post-bolus, with a maximum peak at T12 (END 8 ± 6). The low dose of dexmedetomidine provided sedation in all animals, characterizing rapid metabolization and elimination. However, cardiovascular effects still may have negative repercussions in dogs with hemodynamic comorbidities, highlighting the caution and individualization of its use in certain patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa de Sant'Ana Alves
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 572, Rua Francisco Mota, Presidente Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Kathryn Nóbrega Arcoverde
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 572, Rua Francisco Mota, Presidente Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Caio Vinícius Almeida de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 572, Rua Francisco Mota, Presidente Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Jerson Marques Cavalcante
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 572, Rua Francisco Mota, Presidente Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Araújo-Silva
- Universidade do Estado do Amapá, 650, Avenida Presidente Vargas, Centro, Macapá, AP 68.900-070, Brazil
| | - Valéria Veras de Paula
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 572, Rua Francisco Mota, Presidente Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59625-900, Brazil.
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Rodríguez-Trujillo R, Batista-Arteaga M, Iusupova K, Rosario-Medina I, Alamo-Santana D. Comparison of Propofol and Alfaxalone as Anesthesic Drugs in Bitches Undergoing Ovariohysterectomies (Healthy Bitches and with Pyometra) and Cesarean Sections. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1343. [PMID: 38731346 PMCID: PMC11083245 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of two anesthetic agents, alfaxalone and propofol, on maternal physiological parameters (heart and respiratory rates, blood pressure, and temperature) on either ovariohysterectomies or cesarean sections in bitches. A total of 34 healthy and pyometra-affected females (classified as ASA II), were induced with IV propofol (4 mg/kg), while 35 females, both healthy and pyometra affected, were induced with IV alfaxalone (1 mg/kg). For cesarean sections, females (ASA II) were induced with propofol (n = 14) or alfaxalone (n = 14). Additionally, the neonatal viability and modified Apgar score were recorded at 5, 60, and 120 min post-delivery. There were no significant differences in the physiological parameters when comparing the use of propofol and alfaxalone in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomies, regardless of their health status, nor when comparing cesarean sections. It was observed that bitches induced with propofol occasionally required an additional dose for maintenance of the anesthesia. Neonatal mortality rates were similar for both groups; however, alfaxalone was associated with higher neonatal viability as indicated by the Apgar scores. The findings suggest that both anesthetic protocols are effective and safe for use in canine reproductive surgeries, with no major differences in basic physiological parameters' alteration or neonatal outcomes between the two agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Batista-Arteaga
- Unit of Reproduction, Universitary Institute of Biomedical Research and Health, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Transmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain; (R.R.-T.); (K.I.); (I.R.-M.); (D.A.-S.)
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Grundy SA. Canine Neonatal Health. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023:S0195-5616(23)00081-5. [PMID: 37423840 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a high-level overview of canine neonatal health for clinicians to use as a mental framework so that when presented with a canine neonate it is easier to construct a logical and systematic clinical approach that is less overwhelming. As early detection of the at-risk neonate results in earlier intervention, and improved health outcomes, there will be a focus on pro-active care. Where appropriate, other articles in this issue will be mentioned for a more in-depth discussion of specific areas. Key points will be highlighted throughout the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Grundy
- Banfield Pet Hospital, 6081 Florin Road, Sacramento, CA 95823, USA.
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Cain J, Davidson A. Canine Cesarean Section: Emergency and Elective. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023:S0195-5616(23)00069-4. [PMID: 37246012 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Canine Cesarean Section (CS) is primarily performed to increase survival of newborns and less commonly to save the life or reproductive future of the dam. Conducting proper ovulation timing to accurately predict the due date will allow a planned, elective CS as an excellent alternative to a high-risk natural whelping, and possible dystocia, for certain breeds and situations. Techniques for ovulation timing, anesthesia, and surgery tips are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Cain
- Canine Reproduction Center at Ironhorse Vet Care, 7660 Amador Valley Boulevard, Suite E, Dublin, CA 94568, USA.
| | - Autumn Davidson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1 Garrod Dr, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Antończyk A, Kiełbowicz Z, Niżański W, Ochota M. Comparison of 2 anesthetic protocols and surgical timing during cesarean section on neonatal vitality and umbilical cord blood parameters. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:48. [PMID: 36782240 PMCID: PMC9923906 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the mode of anesthesia, the time form the induction to the extraction of a puppy and the immediate postnatal vitality and umbilical cord blood gases parameters in cesarean section derived-puppies. Two different anesthetic protocols were used: inhalation using isoflurane (ISO) and combined-inhalation and epidural (EPI) with propofol being the induction agent. RESULTS Significant differences were found in ISO group in pH values, pCO2 levels and Apgar scores between puppies at different extraction times (< 30 vs. ≥ 30 min). In ISO group puppies extracted later were more acidic (7.16 vs. 7.22), had higher levels of pCO2 (69 vs. 57 mmHg) and lower Apgar scores at birth (1.2 vs. 2.5). On the contrary, in EPI group no differences were observed between the delivery time, umbilical blood gas parameters and puppies' vitality. Furthermore, the dams from the EPI group required lower concentrations of isoflurane (MAC 1.11 ± 0.19 vs.1.37 ± 0.16, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Multiple pregnancies frequent in dogs lead to significant differences in extraction times between the first and the last puppy during cesarean section. Obtained results showed that the mode of anesthesia and the surgical time would influence the neonatal outcome during cesarean section in dogs. The higher concentration of isoflurane with the longer time of exposure had a negative effect on the initial newborn vitality as well as the umbilical cord blood gas parameters. Therefore, when performing CS in giant dog breeds or expecting many puppies in the litter, it is worth considering epidural component that allow for lower concentrations of inhalant agents, which may contribute to a better clinical condition of newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Antończyk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department and Clinic of Surgery, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 51, 50-366, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Zdzisław Kiełbowicz
- grid.411200.60000 0001 0694 6014Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department and Clinic of Surgery, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 51, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Niżański
- grid.411200.60000 0001 0694 6014Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 49, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ochota
- grid.411200.60000 0001 0694 6014Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 49, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland
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Ferrari D, Kriström K, Dirven M, Ljungvall I, Nyman G. Anaesthesia for non‐cardiac surgery of a dog with tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Ferrari
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences University Animal Hospital Uppsala Sweden
| | - Karin Kriström
- AniCura Albano Animal Hospital Danderyd Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mark Dirven
- AniCura Albano Animal Hospital Danderyd Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ingrid Ljungvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Görel Nyman
- Department of Clinical Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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Ferrari D, Lundgren S, Holmberg J, Edner A, Ekstrand C, Nyman G, Bondesson U, Hagman R. Concentration of carprofen in the milk of lactating bitches after cesarean section and during inflammatory conditions. Theriogenology 2022; 181:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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