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Falcone M, Bocu K, Keskin H, Solorzano Vazquez JF, Banthia R, Mahendran T, Deger MD, Kv V, Mirko P, Harraz AM, Saleh R, Shah R, Agarwal A. Anti-sperm Antibody Positivity in Men with Varicocele: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:42.e43. [PMID: 38606868 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.240003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the significant role of varicocele in the pathogenesis of male infertility, its association with anti-sperm antibodies (ASA) remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) aims to investigate the frequency of ASA positivity in men with varicocele. MATERIALS AND METHODS This SRMA is conducted in accordance with the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. We investigated the frequency of ASA positivity in ejaculates or serum of men with varicocele as compared to men without varicocele (controls). A literature search was performed using the Scopus and PubMed databases following the Population Exposure Comparison Outcome, Study Design model. Data extracted from eligible studies were meta-analyzed and expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Out of 151 abstracts identified during the initial screening, 6 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Using mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) assay, 61 out of the 153 (39.8%) patients with varicocele tested positive for ASA in their ejaculates as compared to 22 out of the 129 control subjects (17%, OR=4.34 [95% CI: 1.09-17.28]; p=0.04). Using direct or indirect immunobead test, 30 out of 60 cases diagnosed with varicocele (50%) had shown ASA positivity in their ejaculates as compared to 16 out of 104 controls (15.4%, OR=3.57 [95% CI: 0.81-15.68]; p=0.09). Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), out of 89 varicocele patients, 33 (37.1%) tested positive for serum ASA as compared to 9 out of 57 participants in the control group (15.8%, OR=7.87 [95% CI: 2.39-25.89]; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS This SRMA indicates that ASA positivity is significantly higher among men with varicocele when tested by direct method (MAR) or indirect method (ELISA). This data suggests an immunological pathology in infertile men with varicocele and may have implications for the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Falcone
- Department of Urology, Molinette Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
| | - Kadir Bocu
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Department of Urology, Silopi State Hospital, Sirnak, Turkey
| | - Hakan Keskin
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ravi Banthia
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tara Mahendran
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Andrology Center, Coimbatore, India
| | - Muslim Dogan Deger
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Department of Urology, Edirne Sultan 1st Murat State Hospital, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Vinod Kv
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Centre for Urological Research and Evaluation, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Preto Mirko
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Department of Urology, Molinette Hospital A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ahmed M Harraz
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Sabah Al Ahmad Urology Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- General Surgery Department, Urology Unit, Farwaniya Hospital, Farwaniya, Kuwait
- Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ramadan Saleh
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
- Ajyal IVF Center, Ajyal Hospital, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Rupin Shah
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Archana SS, Swathi D, Ramya L, Heena HS, Krishnappa B, Binsila BK, Rajendran D, Selvaraju S. Relationship among seminal antigenicity, antioxidant status and metabolically active sperm from Holstein-Friesian ( Bos taurus) bulls. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2023; 69:366-378. [PMID: 37225677 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2023.2198070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sperm antigenicity has been implicated as a regulatory factor for acquiring fertilizing competence in the female reproductive tract. Overt immune response against the sperm proteins leads to idiopathic infertility. Hence, the aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the auto-antigenic potential of sperm on the antioxidant status, metabolic activities and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bovine. Semen from Holstein-Friesian bulls (n = 15) was collected and classified into higher (HA, n = 8) and lower (LA, n = 7) antigenic groups based on micro-titer agglutination assay. The neat semen was subjected to the evaluation of bacterial load, leukocyte count, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. Antioxidant activities in seminal plasma and intracellular ROS levels in the post-thawed sperm were estimated. The number of leukocytes was lower (p < .05) in the HA than the LA semen. The percentage of metabolically active sperm was higher (p < .05) in HA than the LA group. The activities of total non-enzymatic antioxidant, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were higher (p < .05) while glutathione peroxidase activity was lower (p < .05) in the seminal plasma of LA group. The LPO levels of neat sperm and the percentage sperm positive for intracellular ROS in the cryopreserved sample were lower (p < .05) in the HA group. Auto-antigenic levels were positively correlated with the percentage of metabolically active sperm (r = 0.73, p < .01). However, the seminal auto-antigenicity was negatively (p < .05) correlated with the levels of SOD (r=-0.66), CAT (r=-0.72), LPO (r=-0.602) and intracellular ROS (r=-0.835). The findings were represented in graphical abstract. It is inferred that the higher auto-antigenic levels protect the quality of bovine semen by promoting sperm metabolism and lowering ROS and LPO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhanahalli Siddalingappa Archana
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Jain University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Divakar Swathi
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Laxman Ramya
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Hulliyurdurga Shameeulla Heena
- Feed Resources and Informatics Laboratory, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Balaganur Krishnappa
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bala Krishnan Binsila
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Duraisamy Rajendran
- Feed Resources and Informatics Laboratory, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sellappan Selvaraju
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
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Vickram A, Dhama K, Thanigaivel S, Chakraborty S, Anbarasu K, Dey N, Karunakaran R. Strategies for successful designing of immunocontraceptive vaccines and recent updates in vaccine development against sexually transmitted infections - A Review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2033-2046. [PMID: 35531220 PMCID: PMC9073025 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objective Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- A.S. Vickram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - S. Thanigaivel
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences &, Animal Husbandry, R.K.Nagar, West Tripura, Pin- 799008, India
| | - K. Anbarasu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nibedita Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rohini Karunakaran
- Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
- Corresponding author.
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Lavanya M, Swathi D, Archana SS, Ramya L, Ranjithkumaran R, Krishnaswamy N, Singh SK, Krishnappa B, Rajendran D, Kumar H, Selvaraju S. Supraphysiological concentration of urea affects the functional competence of Holstein-Friesian (Bos taurus) sperm. Theriogenology 2021; 176:104-114. [PMID: 34600432 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To understand the effects of urea on sperm functional attributes, fresh bull semen (n = 12) was subjected to four different concentrations (mg/mL) of urea to mimic the physiological (0.04 and 0.13), supraphysiological (0.43) concentrations and control (0 mg/mL). Sperm membrane integrity, kinematics, chromatin integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed at different time points (before incubation, 0, 1, 2, and 4 h) of incubation. The concentration of urea in serum and seminal plasma was estimated and correlated with the ejaculate rejection rate and sperm functional attributes. The relative expression of urea transporter gene transcripts (UT-A and UT-B) was assessed in sperm and testis (control) using real-time PCR. The supraphysiological concentration of urea affected sperm kinematics, viability, functional membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity within 1 h of incubation (p < 0.05). Sperm head area decreased (p < 0.05) at 0 h and subsequently increased at 1 h of incubation in all media except supraphysiological (0.43 mg/dL) concentration of urea. Seminal plasma urea concentration showed a significant negative correlation with sperm motility, membrane integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential (p < 0.05), but had a positive correlation with the ejaculate rejection rate (r = 0.69). Relative expression of the urea transporter genes revealed that UT-A was expressed only in the testis. In contrast, UT-B was expressed in both the testis and sperm, suggesting UT-B's role in regulating urea transport in sperm. At a supraphysiological level, urea adversely affected sperm functional attributes, osmoadaptation and may affect fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharajan Lavanya
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560 030, India; Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, India
| | - Divakar Swathi
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560 030, India
| | - Santhanahalli Siddalingappa Archana
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560 030, India
| | - Laxman Ramya
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560 030, India
| | - Rajan Ranjithkumaran
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560 030, India
| | | | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, India
| | - Balaganur Krishnappa
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560 030, India
| | - Duraisamy Rajendran
- Feed Resources and Informatics Laboratory, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560 030, India
| | - Harendra Kumar
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, India
| | - Sellappan Selvaraju
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560 030, India.
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Upadhyay VR, Ramesh V, Dewry RK, Kumar G, Raval K, Patoliya P. Implications of cryopreservation on structural and functional attributes of bovine spermatozoa: An overview. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14154. [PMID: 34143907 DOI: 10.1111/and.14154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation is an important adjunct to assisted reproduction techniques (ART) for improving the reproductive efficiency of dairy cattle and buffaloes. Improved understanding of mechanisms and challenges of bovine semen cryopreservation is vital for artificial insemination on a commercial basis. Although cryopreservation of bovine spermatozoa is widely practiced and advanced beyond that of other species, there are still major gaps in the knowledge and technology. Upon cryopreservation, disruption of spermatozoal plasma membrane configuration due to alterations in metabolic pathways, enzymes and antioxidants activity add to lower efficiency with loss of sperm longevity and fertilising ability. Therefore, the effective amalgamation of cryo-variables like ambient temperature, cooling and thawing rates, nucleation temperature, type and concentration of the cryoprotectant, seminal plasma composition, free radicals and antioxidant status are required to optimise cryopreservation. Novel strategies like supplementation of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins (CLC), nanovesicles, osteopontin, antioxidants, etc., in an extender and recent techniques like nano-purification and modified packaging have to be optimised to ameliorate the cryodamage. This article is intended to describe the basic facts about the sperm cryopreservation process in bovine and the associated biochemical, biophysical, ultra-structural, molecular and functional alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vikram Ramesh
- Animal Reproduction and Gynecology, ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, India
| | - Raju Kumar Dewry
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Division of Animal Physiology, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Kathan Raval
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Priyanka Patoliya
- Division of Livestock Production Management, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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