Brekke OL, Waage C, Christiansen D, Fure H, Qu H, Lambris JD, Østerud B, Nielsen EW, Mollnes TE. The effects of selective complement and CD14 inhibition on the E. coli-induced tissue factor mRNA upregulation, monocyte tissue factor expression, and tissue factor functional activity in human whole blood.
ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013;
735:123-36. [PMID:
23402023 DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4614-4118-2_8]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The complement pathway and CD14 play essential roles in inflammation, but little is known about the relative roles of complement and CD14 in E. coli-induced tissue factor (TF) mRNA upregulation, expression by monocytes, and functional activity in human whole blood.
METHODS
Whole E. coli bacteria were incubated for up to 4 h in human whole blood containing the anticoagulant lepirudin, which does not affect complement activation. TF mRNA levels were analyzed using reverse transcription, quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), and the expression of TF on the cell surface was analyzed using flow cytometry. Complement was selectively inhibited using the C3 convertase inhibitor compstatin or a C5a receptor antagonist (C5aRa), while CD14 was blocked by an anti-CD14 F(ab')2 monoclonal antibody.
RESULTS
The E. coli-induced TF mRNA upregulation was reduced to virtually background levels by compstatin, whereas anti-CD14 had no effect. Monocyte TF expression and TF activity in plasma microparticles were significantly reduced by C5aRa. Anti-CD14 alone only slightly reduced E. coli-induced monocyte TF expression but showed a modest additive effect when combined with the complement inhibitors. Inhibiting complement and CD14 efficiently reduced the expression of the E. coli-induced cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and platelet-derived growth factor bb.
CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that E. coli-induced TF mRNA upregulation is mainly dependent on complement activation, while CDI4 plays a modest role in monocyte TF expression and the plasma TF activity in human whole blood.
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