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Krishnan A, Thomas S. Toward platelet transcriptomics in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:316-322. [PMID: 34811507 PMCID: PMC8810955 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread adoption of next-generation techniques such as RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) has enabled research examining the transcriptome of anucleate blood platelets in health and disease, thus revealing a rich platelet transcriptomic signature that is reprogrammed in response to disease. Platelet signatures not only capture information from parent megakaryocytes and progenitor hematopoietic stem cells but also the bone marrow microenvironment, and underlying disease states. In cancer, the substantive body of research in patients with solid tumours has identified distinct signatures in 'tumour-educated platelets', reflecting influences of the tumour, stroma and vasculature on splicing, sequestration of tumour-derived RNAs, and potentially cytokine and microvesicle influences on megakaryocytes. More recently, platelet RNA expression has emerged as a highly sensitive approach to profiling chronic progressive haematologic malignancies, where the combination of large data cohorts and machine-learning algorithms enables precise feature selection and potential prognostication. Despite these advances, however, our ability to translate platelet transcriptomics toward clinical diagnostic and prognostic efforts remains limited. In this Perspective, we present a few actionable steps for our basic, translational and clinical research communities in advancing the utility of the platelet transcriptome as a highly sensitive biomarker in cancer and collectively enable efforts toward clinical translation and patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandi Krishnan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Sally Thomas
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
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Gutmann C, Joshi A, Zampetaki A, Mayr M. The Landscape of Coding and Noncoding RNAs in Platelets. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1200-1216. [PMID: 32460515 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Levels of platelet noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are altered by disease, and ncRNAs may exert functions inside and outside of platelets. Their role in physiologic hemostasis and pathologic thrombosis remains to be explored. Recent Advances: The number of RNA classes identified in platelets has been growing since the past decade. Apart from coding messenger RNAs, the RNA landscape in platelets comprises ncRNAs such as microRNAs, circular RNAs, long ncRNAs, YRNAs, and potentially environmentally derived exogenous ncRNAs. Recent research has focused on the function of platelet RNAs beyond platelets, mediated through protective RNA shuttles or even cellular uptake of entire platelets. Multiple studies have also explored the potential of platelet RNAs as novel biomarkers. Critical Issues: Platelet preparations can contain contaminating leukocytes. Even few leukocytes may contribute a substantial amount of RNA. As biomarkers, platelet RNAs have shown associations with platelet activation, but it remains to be seen whether their measurements could improve diagnostics. It also needs to be clarified whether platelet RNAs influence processes beyond platelets. Future Directions: Technological advances such as single-cell RNA-sequencing might help to identify hyperreactive platelet subpopulations on a single-platelet level, avoid the common problem of leukocyte contamination in platelet preparations, and allow simultaneous profiling of native megakaryocytes and their platelet progeny to clarify to what extent the platelet RNA content reflects their megakaryocyte precursors or changes in the circulation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1200-1216.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Gutmann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Zampetaki
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Multifaceted Functions of Platelets in Cancer: From Tumorigenesis to Liquid Biopsy Tool and Drug Delivery System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249585. [PMID: 33339204 PMCID: PMC7765591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets contribute to several types of cancer through plenty of mechanisms. Upon activation, platelets release many molecules, including growth and angiogenic factors, lipids, and extracellular vesicles, and activate numerous cell types, including vascular and immune cells, fibroblasts, and cancer cells. Hence, platelets are a crucial component of cell-cell communication. In particular, their interaction with cancer cells can enhance their malignancy and facilitate the invasion and colonization of distant organs. These findings suggest the use of antiplatelet agents to restrain cancer development and progression. Another peculiarity of platelets is their capability to uptake proteins and transcripts from the circulation. Thus, cancer-patient platelets show specific proteomic and transcriptomic expression patterns, a phenomenon called tumor-educated platelets (TEP). The transcriptomic/proteomic profile of platelets can provide information for the early detection of cancer and disease monitoring. Platelet ability to interact with tumor cells and transfer their molecular cargo has been exploited to design platelet-mediated drug delivery systems to enhance the efficacy and reduce toxicity often associated with traditional chemotherapy. Platelets are extraordinary cells with many functions whose exploitation will improve cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Gutmann C, Joshi A, Mayr M. Platelet "-omics" in health and cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 2020; 307:87-96. [PMID: 32646580 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of platelets for cardiovascular disease was established as early as the 19th century. Their therapeutic inhibition stands alongside the biggest achievements in medicine. Still, certain aspects of platelet pathophysiology remain unclear. This includes platelet resistance to antiplatelet therapy and the contribution of platelets to vascular remodelling and extends beyond cardiovascular disease to haematological disorders and cancer. To address these gaps in our knowledge, a better understanding of the underlying molecular processes is needed. This will be enabled by technologies that capture dysregulated molecular processes and can integrate them into a broader network of biological systems. The advent of -omics technologies, such as mass spectrometry proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics; highly multiplexed affinity-based proteomics; microarray- or RNA-sequencing-(RNA-seq)-based transcriptomics, and most recently ribosome footprint-based translatomics, has enabled a more holistic understanding of platelet biology. Most of these methods have already been applied to platelets, and this review will summarise this information and discuss future developments in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Gutmann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
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5
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Sighting acute myocardial infarction through platelet gene expression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19574. [PMID: 31863085 PMCID: PMC6925116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is primarily due to coronary atherosclerotic plaque rupture and subsequent thrombus formation. Platelets play a key role in the genesis and progression of both atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Since platelets are anuclear cells that inherit their mRNA from megakaryocyte precursors and maintain it unchanged during their life span, gene expression profiling at the time of an acute myocardial infarction provides information concerning the platelet gene expression preceding the coronary event. In ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), a gene-by-gene analysis of the platelet gene expression identified five differentially expressed genes: FKBP5, S100P, SAMSN1, CLEC4E and S100A12. The logistic regression model used to combine the gene expression in a STEMI vs healthy donors score showed an AUC of 0.95. The same five differentially expressed genes were externally validated using platelet gene expression data from patients with coronary atherosclerosis but without thrombosis. Platelet gene expression profile highlights five genes able to identify STEMI patients and to discriminate them in the background of atherosclerosis. Consequently, early signals of an imminent acute myocardial infarction are likely to be found by platelet gene expression profiling before the infarction occurs.
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Gu J, Zhu H, Zhu D, Li M, Xiao M, Yan D, Shen S. VWF, CXCL8 and IL6 might be potential druggable genes for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Comput Biol Chem 2019; 83:107125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.107125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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7
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Methods for measurement of platelet function in the assessment of nonclinical drug safety and implications for translatability. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Shang C, Wuren T, Ga Q, Bai Z, Guo L, Eustes AS, McComas KN, Rondina MT, Ge R. The human platelet transcriptome and proteome is altered and pro-thrombotic functional responses are increased during prolonged hypoxia exposure at high altitude. Platelets 2019; 31:33-42. [PMID: 30721642 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1572876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to hypoxia, through ascension to high altitudes (HAs), air travel, or human disease, is associated with an increased incidence of thrombosis in some settings. Mechanisms underpinning this increased thrombosis risk remain incompletely understood, and the effects of more sustained hypoxia on the human platelet molecular signature and associated functional responses have never been examined. We examined the effects of prolonged (≥2 months continuously) hypobaric hypoxia on platelets isolated from subjects residing at HA (3,700 meters) and, for comparison, matched subjects residing under normoxia conditions at sea level (50 meters). Using complementary transcriptomic, proteomic, and functional methods, we identified that the human platelet transcriptome is markedly altered under prolonged exposure to hypobaric hypoxia at HA. Among the significantly, differentially expressed genes (mRNA and protein), were those having canonical roles in platelet activation and thrombosis, including membrane glycoproteins (e.g. GP4, GP6, GP9), integrin subunits (e.g. ITGA2B), and alpha-granule chemokines (e.g. SELP, PF4V1). Platelets from subjects residing at HA were hyperactive, as demonstrated by increased engagement and adhesion to fibrinogen, fewer alpha granules by transmission electron microscopy, increased circulating PF4 and ADP, and significantly enhanced clot retraction. In conclusion, we identify that prolonged hypobaric hypoxia exposure due to HA alters the platelet transcriptome and proteome, triggering increased functional activation responses that may contribute to thrombosis. Our findings may also have relevance across a range of human diseases where chronic hypoxia, platelet activation, and thrombosis are increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Shang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Oncology Department, The Fifth Hospital of Qinghai Provinces, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Tana Wuren
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Qing Ga
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhenzhong Bai
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Li Guo
- The University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alicia S Eustes
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,The University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kyra N McComas
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,The University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Hematological Department, George E. Wahlen VAMC GRECC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rili Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
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10
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Zhang Q, Hu H, Liu H, Jin J, Zhu P, Wang S, Shen K, Hu Y, Li Z, Zhan P, Zhu S, Fan H, Zhang J, Lv T, Song Y. RNA sequencing enables systematic identification of platelet transcriptomic alterations in NSCLC patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:204-214. [PMID: 29857300 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are implicated as key players in the metastatic dissemination of tumor cells. Previous evidence demonstrated platelets retained cytoplasmic RNAs with physiologically activity, splicing pre-mRNA to mRNA and translating into functional proteins in response to external stimulation. Recently, platelets gene profile of healthy or diseased individuals were characterized with the help of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in some studies, leading to new insights into the mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis. In this study, we performed RNA-seq in platelets from 7 healthy individuals and 15 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Our data revealed a subset of near universal differently expressed gene (DEG) profiles in platelets of metastatic NSCLC compared to healthy individuals, including 626 up-regulated RNAs (mRNAs and ncRNAs) and 1497 down-regulated genes. The significant over-expressed genes showed enrichment in focal adhesion, platelets activation, gap junction and adherens junction pathways. The DEGs also included previously reported tumor-related genes such as PDGFR, VEGF, EGF, etc., verifying the consistence and significance of platelet RNA-Seq in oncology study. We also validated several up-regulated DEGs involved in tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA) and tumorigenesis. Additionally, transcriptomic comparison analyses of NSCLC subgroups were conducted. Between non-metastatic and metastatic NSCLC patients, 526 platelet DEGs were identified with the most altered expression. The outcomes from subgroup analysis between lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma demonstrated the diagnostic potential of platelet RNA-Seq on distinguishing tumor histological types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Huan Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Hongda Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Jiajia Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Peiyuan Zhu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Kaikai Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yangbo Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Suhua Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Hang Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jianya Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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11
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Zhang Q, Liu H, Zhu Q, Zhan P, Zhu S, Zhang J, Lv T, Song Y. Patterns and functional implications of platelets upon tumor "education". Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 90:68-80. [PMID: 28754316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While platelets are traditionally recognized to play a predominant role in hemostasis and thrombosis, increasing evidence verifies its involvement in malignancies. As a component of the tumor microenvironment, platelets influence carcinogenesis, tumor metastasis and chemotherapy efficiency. Platelets status is thus predictable as a hematological biomarker of cancer prognosis and a hot target for therapeutic intervention. On the other hand, the role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as an inducer of platelet activation and aggregation has been well acknowledged. The cross-talk between platelets and CTCs is reciprocal on that the CTCs activate platelets while platelets contribute to CTCs' survival and dissemination. This review covers some of the current issues related to the loop between platelets and tumor aggression, including the manners of tumor cells in "educating" platelets and biofunctional alterations of platelets upon tumor "education". We also highlight the potential clinical applications on the interplay between tumors and platelets. Further studies with well-designed prospective multicenter trials may contribute to clinical "liquid biopsy" diagnosis by evaluating the global changes of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Hongda Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Suhua Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jianya Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China.
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12
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Deng G, Yu S, He Y, Sun T, Liang W, Yu L, Xu D, Li Q, Zhang R. MicroRNA profiling of platelets from immune thrombocytopenia and target gene prediction. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2835-2843. [PMID: 28677771 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a low platelet count and insufficient platelet production. Previous studies identified that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are important for platelet function. However, the regulatory role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in ITP remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to isolate differentially expressed miRNAs, and identify their roles in platelets from ITP. A total of 5 ml blood from 22 patients with ITP and 8 healthy controls was isolated for platelet collection. A microarray assay was performed to analyze the differentially expressed miRNAs in the patients with ITP and healthy patients. Furthermore, the expression of differentially expressed miRNAs was verified by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the target mRNAs of the differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted via miRWalk databases, and the target genes and miRNAs were classified by Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. In the present study, 115 miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed in platelets from patients with ITP compared with the healthy controls (>3‑fold alteration; P<0.05). Among them, 57 miRNAs were upregulated in ITP, while 58 miRNAs were downregulated. Bioinformatic prediction demonstrated that hsa‑miR‑548a‑5p, hsa‑miR‑1185‑2‑3p, hsa‑miR‑30a‑3p, hsa‑miR‑6867‑5p, hsa‑miR‑765 and hsa‑miR‑3125 were associated with platelet apoptosis and adhesion in ITP. The present study performed miRNA profiling of platelets from patients with ITP and the results may aid in the understanding of the regulatory mechanism of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Deng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Shifang Yu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yunlei He
- The Ningbo Central Blood Station, Ningbo, Zhejiang 31501, P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liang
- The Ningbo Central Blood Station, Ningbo, Zhejiang 31501, P.R. China
| | - Lu Yu
- The Ningbo Central Blood Station, Ningbo, Zhejiang 31501, P.R. China
| | - Deyi Xu
- The Ningbo Central Blood Station, Ningbo, Zhejiang 31501, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Ri Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Brambilla M, Rossetti L, Zara C, Canzano P, Giesen PL, Tremoli E, Camera M. Do methodological differences account for the current controversy on tissue factor expression in platelets? Platelets 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1327653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiara Zara
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Elena Tremoli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Camera
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Cimmino G, Ciuffreda LP, Ciccarelli G, Calabrò P, Ferraiolo FAV, Rivellino A, De Palma R, Golino P, Rossi F, Cirillo P, Berrino L. Upregulation of TH/IL-17 Pathway-Related Genes in Human Coronary Endothelial Cells Stimulated with Serum of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:1. [PMID: 28224128 PMCID: PMC5293806 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays an essential role in the development and complications of atherosclerosis plaques, including acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Indeed, previous reports have shown that within the coronary circulation of ACS patients, several soluble mediators are released. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that endothelial dysfunction might play an important role in atherosclerosis as well as ACS pathophysiology. However, the mechanisms by which these soluble mediators might affect endothelial functions are still largely unknown. We have evaluated whether soluble mediators contained in serum from coronary circulation of ACS patients might promote changes of gene profile in human coronary endothelial cells (HCAECs). Methods HCAECs were stimulated in vitro for 12 h with serum obtained from the coronary sinus (CS) and the aorta (Ao) of ACS patients; stable angina (SA) patients served as controls. Gene expression profiles of stimulated cells were evaluated by microarray and real-time PCR. Results HCAECs stimulated with serum from CS of ACS patients showed a significant change (upregulation and downregulation) in gene expression profile as compared with cells stimulated with serum from CS of SA patients. Moreover, ad hoc sub analysis indicated the upregulation of Th-17/IL-17 pathway-related genes. Conclusion This study demonstrates that, in ACS patients, the chemical mediators released in the coronary circulation might be able to perturb coronary endothelial cells (ECs) modifying their gene profile. These modified ECs, through downregulation of protective gene and, mainly, through upregulation of gene able to modulate the Th-17/IL-17 pathway, might play a key role in progression of coronary atherosclerosis and in developing future acute events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cimmino
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Loreta Pia Ciuffreda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Giovanni Ciccarelli
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | | | - Alessia Rivellino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Paolo Golino
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Francesco Rossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Plinio Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Naples, "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Liberato Berrino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
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15
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Mossberg K, Svensson PA, Gidlöf O, Erlinge D, Jern S, Brogren H. Normalization of qPCR in platelets - YWHAE a potential genericreference gene. Platelets 2016; 27:729-734. [PMID: 27232341 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1180349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The mRNA of human platelets has been extensively studied and it is generally appreciated that platelets contain mRNA transcripts derived from the megakaryocytes, and they have the ability to translate it into proteins. Additionally, platelets contain microRNA (miRNA) that has been shown to potentially regulate the translation of certain proteins. When quantifying gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), a valid normalization method is required and the use of reference genes is a common and robust approach. It is recommended to perform a proper validation of potential reference genes for each individual experimental setup. Previous studies have mainly been performed using commonly used reference genes for nucleated cells, and to our knowledge there are no global evaluations of the stability of transcripts in platelets. Finding a stable transcript would be valuable for inter-study comparisons, and the aim of this study was to identify one or more stable mRNA transcripts suitable as generic reference genes for mRNA gene expression studies in platelets. Platelets were incubated for 24 h and microarray of platelet mRNA revealed that the levels of YWHAE, B2M, ITM2B, H3F3A, PF4V1 remained similar between 0 and 24 h. Further validation of the stability of these genes together with GAPDH, RN18S1, and PPIA, genes frequently used as reference genes in platelet studies, was performed using qPCR after different in vitro conditions. In addition, inter-individual stability of the genes was analyzed in diabetic patients compared with healthy matched controls. Analysis of gene stability by the software RefFinder revealed that YWHAE, PF4V1, and B2M were the most stable genes in platelets from healthy donors. In addition, YWHAE was stable between subjects. Furthermore, the potential influence of miRNA on the selected genes was investigated by knockdown of Dicer1 in the megakaryocytic cell line MEG01. YWHAE, H3F3A, B2M, and GAPDH remained unchanged over time in MEG01 cells indicating that these genes are not regulated by miRNA and hence are more stably expressed. In conclusion, YWHAE is a stable transcript in platelets and we suggest the use of YWHAE as a generic reference gene in mRNA gene expression studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Mossberg
- a Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Per-Arne Svensson
- a Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Olof Gidlöf
- b Department of Cardiology , Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - David Erlinge
- b Department of Cardiology , Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Sverker Jern
- a Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Helén Brogren
- a Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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Abstract
Platelets are generated from nucleated precursors referred to as megakaryocytes. The formation of platelets is one of the most elegant and unique developmental processes in eukaryotes. Because they enter the circulation without nuclei, platelets are often considered simple, non-complex cells that have limited functions beyond halting blood flow. However, emerging evidence over the past decade demonstrates that platelets are more sophisticated than previously considered. Platelets carry a rich repertoire of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and proteins that contribute to primary (adhesion, aggregation, secretion) and alternative (immune regulation, RNA transfer, translation) functions. It is also becoming increasingly clear that the 'genetic code' of platelets changes with race, genetic disorders, or disease. Changes in the 'genetic code' can occur at multiple points including megakaryocyte development, platelet formation, or in circulating platelets. This review focuses on regulation of the 'genetic code' in megakaryocytes and platelets and its potential contribution to health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Rondina
- The Molecular Medicine Program and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A S Weyrich
- The Molecular Medicine Program and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Burkhart JM, Gambaryan S, Watson SP, Jurk K, Walter U, Sickmann A, Heemskerk JWM, Zahedi RP. What can proteomics tell us about platelets? Circ Res 2014; 114:1204-19. [PMID: 24677239 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.301598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
More than 130 years ago, it was recognized that platelets are key mediators of hemostasis. Nowadays, it is established that platelets participate in additional physiological processes and contribute to the genesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Recent data indicate that the platelet proteome, defined as the complete set of expressed proteins, comprises >5000 proteins and is highly similar between different healthy individuals. Owing to their anucleate nature, platelets have limited protein synthesis. By implication, in patients experiencing platelet disorders, platelet (dys)function is almost completely attributable to alterations in protein expression and dynamic differences in post-translational modifications. Modern platelet proteomics approaches can reveal (1) quantitative changes in the abundance of thousands of proteins, (2) post-translational modifications, (3) protein-protein interactions, and (4) protein localization, while requiring only small blood donations in the range of a few milliliters. Consequently, platelet proteomics will represent an invaluable tool for characterizing the fundamental processes that affect platelet homeostasis and thus determine the roles of platelets in health and disease. In this article we provide a critical overview on the achievements, the current possibilities, and the future perspectives of platelet proteomics to study patients experiencing cardiovascular, inflammatory, and bleeding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Burkhart
- From the Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany (J.M.B., A.S., R.P.Z); Institut für Klinische Biochemie und Pathobiochemie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.G.); Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia (S.G.); Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (S.P.W.); Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Universitätsklinikum der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany (K.J., U.W.); Medizinisches Proteom Center, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany (A.S.); Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom (A.S.); and Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.W.M.H.)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW It is now well appreciated that megakaryocytes invest platelets with a diverse repertoire of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which are competent for translation. Herein we describe what is currently known regarding the expression, function, and clinical significance of mRNAs in platelets. RECENT FINDINGS Although mRNA was detected in platelets nearly 30 years ago, we are only beginning to understand the roles of mRNA in platelet biology and human disease. Recent studies have shown that megakaryocytes specifically sort, rather than randomly transfer, mRNA to platelets during thrombopoiesis. As a result, platelets are released into the circulation with thousands of mRNAs. The emergence of next-generation RNA sequencing has demonstrated that platelet mRNAs possess classic structural features, which include untranslated regions and open reading frames. There is also growing evidence that platelet mRNA expression patterns are altered in human disease. SUMMARY Intense investigation of platelet mRNA has shed considerable light on predicted functions of platelets and identified previously unrecognized attributes of platelets. Lessons learned from platelet mRNA is presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse W Rowley
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
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Ferroni P, Riondino S, Vazzana N, Santoro N, Guadagni F, Davì G. Biomarkers of platelet activation in acute coronary syndromes. Thromb Haemost 2012; 108:1109-23. [PMID: 23014768 DOI: 10.1160/th12-08-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The most convincing evidence for the participation of platelets in arterial thrombosis in humans comes from studies of platelet activation in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and from trials of antiplatelet drugs. Both strongly support the concept that repeated episodes of platelet activation over the thrombogenic surface of a vulnerable plaque may contribute to the risk of death from coronary causes. However, the relation of in vivo platelet activation and adverse clinical events to results of platelet function tests remains largely unknown. A valuable marker of in vivo platelet activation should be specific, unaltered by pre-analytical artefacts and reproducibly measured by easily performed methods. This article describes current biomarkers of platelet activation in ACS, reviews their advantages and disadvantages, discusses their potential pitfalls, and demonstrates emerging data supporting the positive clinical implications of monitoring in vivo platelet activation in the setting of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ferroni
- Department of Advanced Biotechnologies and Bioimaging, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
The role of platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis is clearly established; however, the mechanisms by which platelets mediate inflammatory and immune pathways are less well understood. Platelets interact and modulate the function of blood and vascular cells by releasing bioactive molecules. Although the platelet is anucleate, it contains transcripts that may mirror disease. Platelet mRNA is only associated with low-level protein translation; however, platelets have a unique membrane structure allowing for the passage of small molecules, leading to the possibility that its cytoplasmic RNA may be passed to nucleated cells. To examine this question, platelet-like particles with labeled RNA were cocultured with vascular cells. Coculture of platelet-like particles with activated THP-1, monocytic, and endothelial cells led to visual and functional RNA transfer. Posttransfer microarray gene expression analysis of THP-1 cells showed an increase in HBG1/HBG2 and HBA1/HBA2 expression that was directly related to the transfer. Infusion of wild-type platelets into a TLR2-deficient mouse model established in vivo confirmation of select platelet RNA transfer to leukocytes. By specifically transferring green fluorescent protein, we also observed external RNA was functional in the recipient cells. The observation that platelets possess the capacity to transfer cytosolic RNA suggests a new function for platelets in the regulation of vascular homeostasis.
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Parguiña AF, Grigorian-Shamagian L, Agra RM, López-Otero D, Rosa I, Alonso J, Teijeira-Fernández E, González-Juanatey JR, García Á. Variations in Platelet Proteins Associated With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:2957-64. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.235713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Our aim in this study was to provide novel information on the molecular mechanisms playing a major role in the unwanted platelet activation associated with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Methods and Results—
We compared the platelet proteome of 11 STEMI patients to a matched control group of 15 stable chronic ischemic cardiopathy patients. In addition, we did a prospective study to follow the STEMI patients over time. Proteins were separated by high-resolution 2D gel electrophoresis, identified by mass spectrometry, and validated by Western blotting. Platelets from STEMI patients on admission displayed 56 protein spot differences (corresponding to 42 unique genes) compared with the control group. The number of differences decreased with time during the patients' follow-up. Interestingly, the adapter protein CrkL and the active form of Src (phosphorylated in Tyr418) were found to be upregulated in platelets from STEMI patients. Major signaling pathways related to the proteins identified include integrin, integrin-linked kinase, and glycoprotein VI (GPVI) signaling. Interestingly, a study on an independent cohort of patients showed a higher degree of activation of GPVI signaling in STEMI patients.
Conclusion—
CrkL, the active form of Src, and GPVI signaling are upregulated in platelets from STEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F. Parguiña
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.) and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain (L.G.-S.); Cardiology Department and Coronary Unit (L.G.-S., R.M.A., D.L.-O., E.T.-F., J.R.G.-J.) and Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (J.A.), Hospital
| | - Lilian Grigorian-Shamagian
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.) and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain (L.G.-S.); Cardiology Department and Coronary Unit (L.G.-S., R.M.A., D.L.-O., E.T.-F., J.R.G.-J.) and Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (J.A.), Hospital
| | - Rosa M. Agra
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.) and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain (L.G.-S.); Cardiology Department and Coronary Unit (L.G.-S., R.M.A., D.L.-O., E.T.-F., J.R.G.-J.) and Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (J.A.), Hospital
| | - Diego López-Otero
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.) and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain (L.G.-S.); Cardiology Department and Coronary Unit (L.G.-S., R.M.A., D.L.-O., E.T.-F., J.R.G.-J.) and Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (J.A.), Hospital
| | - Isaac Rosa
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.) and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain (L.G.-S.); Cardiology Department and Coronary Unit (L.G.-S., R.M.A., D.L.-O., E.T.-F., J.R.G.-J.) and Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (J.A.), Hospital
| | - Jana Alonso
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.) and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain (L.G.-S.); Cardiology Department and Coronary Unit (L.G.-S., R.M.A., D.L.-O., E.T.-F., J.R.G.-J.) and Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (J.A.), Hospital
| | - Elvis Teijeira-Fernández
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.) and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain (L.G.-S.); Cardiology Department and Coronary Unit (L.G.-S., R.M.A., D.L.-O., E.T.-F., J.R.G.-J.) and Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (J.A.), Hospital
| | - José Ramón González-Juanatey
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.) and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain (L.G.-S.); Cardiology Department and Coronary Unit (L.G.-S., R.M.A., D.L.-O., E.T.-F., J.R.G.-J.) and Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (J.A.), Hospital
| | - Ángel García
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.) and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain (L.G.-S.); Cardiology Department and Coronary Unit (L.G.-S., R.M.A., D.L.-O., E.T.-F., J.R.G.-J.) and Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (J.A.), Hospital
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