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Li M, Song J, Tang X, Bi J, Li Y, Chen C, Feng N, Song Y, Wang L. Critical roles of PAI-1 in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Adv Med Sci 2024; 69:90-102. [PMID: 38387409 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the main inhibitor of fibrinolytic systems. The effect of PAI-1 on inflammatory response is still inconsistent. Our study was conducted to investigate its effects on inflammation to clarify the role of PAI-1 in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MATERIAL AND METHODS ALI models were established in wild-type (WT) and PAI-1 knockout (KO) mice by LPS intervention for 48 h. Lung histopathology, wet-dry ratio, total cell count and TNF-α concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and inflammation related proteins were detected. Flow cytometry was used to sort neutrophils, macrophages, regulatory T cells (Treg) and T helper cell 17 (Th17). RNA sequencing was performed to find differentially expressed genes. Masson staining and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze pulmonary fiber deposition and proliferation. RESULTS Compared with ALI (WT) group, the wet-dry ratio, the total number of BALF cells, the concentration of TNF-α in BALF, and the expression of pp65 in the lung tissue was increased in ALI (PAI-1 KO) group, with increased proportion of neutrophils, decreased proportion of macrophages and decreased proportion of Treg/Th17 in the lung tissue. Collagen fiber deposition and PCNA expression were lighter in ALI (PAI-1 KO) group than ALI (WT) group. PPI analysis showed that PAI-1 was closely related to TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, Smad2/3 and mainly concentrated in the complement and coagulation system, TNF-α and IL-17 signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS PAI-1 KO could aggravate ALI induced by LPS at 48 h. PAI-1 may be an important target to improve the prognosis of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Bi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuicui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nana Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Centre of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Linlin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhan JH, Wei J, Liu L, Xu YT, Ji H, Wang CN, Liu YJ, Zhu XY. Investigation of a UPR-Related Gene Signature Identifies the Pro-Fibrotic Effects of Thrombospondin-1 by Activating CD47/ROS/Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway in Lung Fibroblasts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2024. [PMID: 38136144 PMCID: PMC10740656 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have been linked to pulmonary fibrosis. However, the relationship between UPR status and pulmonary function and prognosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients remains largely unknown. Through a series of bioinformatics analyses, we established a correlation between UPR status and pulmonary function in IPF patients. Furthermore, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) was identified as a potential biomarker for prognostic evaluation in IPF patients. By utilizing both bulk RNA profiling and single-cell RNA sequencing data, we demonstrated the upregulation of TSP-1 in lung fibroblasts during pulmonary fibrosis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results indicated a positive association between TSP-1 expression and gene sets related to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway in lung fibroblasts. TSP-1 overexpression alone induced mild ER stress and pulmonary fibrosis, and it even exacerbated bleomycin-induced ER stress and pulmonary fibrosis. Mechanistically, TSP-1 promoted ER stress and fibroblast activation through CD47-dependent ROS production. Treatment with either TSP-1 inhibitor or CD47 inhibitor significantly attenuated BLM-induced ER stress and pulmonary fibrosis. Collectively, these findings suggest that the elevation of TSP-1 during pulmonary fibrosis is not merely a biomarker but likely plays a pathogenic role in the fibrotic changes in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Zhan
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.-H.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.-T.X.); (H.J.)
| | - Juan Wei
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.-H.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.-T.X.); (H.J.)
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Yi-Tong Xu
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.-H.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.-T.X.); (H.J.)
| | - Hui Ji
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.-H.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.-T.X.); (H.J.)
| | - Chang-Nan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Yu-Jian Liu
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.-H.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.-T.X.); (H.J.)
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;
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Alenchery RG, Ajalik RE, Jerreld K, Midekksa F, Zhong S, Alkatib B, Awad HA. PAI-1 mediates TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast activation in tenocytes via mTOR signaling. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2163-2174. [PMID: 37143206 PMCID: PMC10524825 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) induces plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) to effect fibrotic pathologies in several organs including tendon. Recent data implicated PAI-1 with inhibition of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) suggesting that PAI-1-induced adhesions involves phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Ergo, we investigated effects of TGF-β1, PAI-1, and mTOR signaling crosstalk on myofibroblast activation, senescence, and proliferation in primary flexor tenocytes from wild-type (WT) and PAI-1 knockout (KO) mice. PAI-1 deletion blunted TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast activation in murine flexor tenocytes and increased the gene expression of Mmp-2 to confer protective effects against fibrosis. While TGF-β1 significantly reduced phosphorylation of PTEN in WT cells, PAI-1 deletion rescued the activation of PTEN. Despite that, there were no differences in TGF-β1-induced activation of mTOR signaling (AKT, 4EBP1, and P70S6K) in WT or KO tenocytes. Phenotypic changes in distinct populations of WT or KO tenocytes exhibiting high or low mTOR activity were then examined. TGF-β1 increased alpha-smooth muscle actin abundance in WT cells exhibiting high mTOR activity, but this increase was blunted in KO cells exhibiting high 4EBP1 activity but not in cells exhibiting high S6 activity. DNA damage (γH2AX) was increased with TGF-β1 treatment in WT tenocytes but was blunted in KO cells exhibiting high mTOR activity. Increased mTOR activity enhanced proliferation (Ki67) in both WT and KO tenocytes. These findings point to a complex nexus of TGF-β1, PAI-1, and mTOR signaling in regulating proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation, and senescence in tenocytes, which could define therapeutic targets for chronic tendon adhesions and other fibrotic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul G Alenchery
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Raquel E Ajalik
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Kyle Jerreld
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, United States
| | - Firaol Midekksa
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Sylvia Zhong
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Bashar Alkatib
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, United States
| | - Hani A. Awad
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Rochester, NY, United States
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The uPA/uPAR System Orchestrates the Inflammatory Response, Vascular Homeostasis, and Immune System in Fibrosis Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021796. [PMID: 36675310 PMCID: PMC9866279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases, such as systemic sclerosis (SSc), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, renal fibrosis and liver cirrhosis are characterized by tissue overgrowth due to excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Fibrosis progression is caused by ECM overproduction and the inhibition of ECM degradation due to several events, including inflammation, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and immune abnormalities. Recently, it has been reported that urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR), known to be fibrinolytic factors, orchestrate the inflammatory response, vascular homeostasis, and immune homeostasis system. The uPA/uPAR system may show promise as a potential therapeutic target for fibrotic diseases. This review considers the role of the uPA/uPAR system in the progression of fibrotic diseases.
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Identification of the Molecular Subgroups in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Gene Expression Profiles. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7922594. [PMID: 34646338 PMCID: PMC8505108 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7922594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is one of the most common idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, which can occur all over the world. The median survival time of patients is about 3-5 years, and the mortality is relatively high. Objective To reveal the potential molecular characteristics of IPF and deepen the understanding of the molecular mechanism of IPF. In order to provide some guidance for the clinical treatment, new drug development, and prognosis judgment of IPF. Although the preliminary conclusion of this study has certain guiding significance for the treatment of IPF and so on, it needs more accurate analytical approaches and large sample clinical trials to verify. Methods 220 patients with IPF were divided into different subgroups according to the gene expression profiles, which were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. In addition, these subgroups present different expression forms and clinical features. Therefore, weighted gene coexpression analysis (WGCNA) was used to seek the differences between subtypes. And six subgroup-specific WGCNA modules were identified. Results Combined with the characteristics of WGCNA and KEGG enrichment modules, the autophagic pathway was only upregulated in subgroup I and enriched significantly. The differentiation pathways of Th1 and Th2 cells were only upregulated and enriched in subgroup II. At the same time, combined with clinical information, IPF patients in subgroup II were older and more serious, which may be closely related to the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells. In contrast, the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway and Ca+ signaling pathway were significantly upregulated and enriched in subgroup III. Although there was no significant difference in prognosis between subgroup I and subgroup III, their intrinsic biological characteristics were very different. These results suggest that the subtypes may represent risk factors of age and intrinsic biological characteristics and may also partly reflect the severity of the disease. Conclusion In conclusion, current studies have improved our understanding of IPF-related molecular mechanisms. At the same time, because the results show that patients from different subgroups may have their own unique gene expression patterns, it reminds us that patients in each subgroup should receive more personalized treatment.
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Jiang C, Liu G, Cai L, Deshane J, Antony V, Thannickal VJ, Liu RM. Divergent Regulation of Alveolar Type 2 Cell and Fibroblast Apoptosis by Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 in Lung Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1227-1239. [PMID: 33887217 PMCID: PMC8351125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased apoptosis sensitivity of alveolar type 2 (ATII) cells and increased apoptosis resistance of (myo)fibroblasts, the apoptosis paradox, contributes to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The mechanism underlying the apoptosis paradox in IPF lungs, however, is unclear. Aging is the greatest risk factor for IPF. In this study, we show, for the first time, that ATII cells from old mice are more sensitive, whereas fibroblasts from old mice are more resistant, to apoptotic challenges, compared with the corresponding cells from young mice. The expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), an important profibrogenic mediator, was significantly increased in both ATII cells and lung fibroblasts from aged mice. In vitro studies using PAI-1 siRNA and active PAI-1 protein indicated that PAI-1 promoted ATII cell apoptosis but protected fibroblasts from apoptosis, likely through dichotomous regulation of p53 expression. Deletion of PAI-1 in adult mice led to a reduction in p53, p21, and Bax protein expression, as well as apoptosis sensitivity in ATII cells, and their increase in the lung fibroblasts, as indicated by in vivo studies. This increase was associated with an attenuation of lung fibrosis after bleomycin challenge. Since PAI-1 is up-regulated in both ATII cells and fibroblasts in IPF, the results suggest that increased PAI-1 may underlie the apoptosis paradox of ATII cells and fibroblasts in IPF lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsun Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jessy Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Veena Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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7
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Pedro Ferreira J, Pitt B, Zannad F. Histone deacetylase inhibitors for cardiovascular conditions and healthy longevity. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2021; 2:e371-e379. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(21)00061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Jaffar J, Glaspole I, Symons K, Westall G. Inhibition of NF-κB by ACT001 reduces fibroblast activity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111471. [PMID: 33730605 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease of unknown etiology and poor prognosis. In IPF, aberrant extracellular matrix production by activated, hyperproliferative fibroblasts drives disease progression but the exact mechanisms by which this occurs remains undefined. The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB) has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target in IPF and therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of ACT001, an NF-ĸB inhibitor, on primary fibroblasts derived from patients with and without IPF. Primary lung fibroblasts derived from eight patients with IPF and eight age-matched non-diseased controls (NDC) were treated with 0-10 µM ACT001 and the effects on fibroblast activity (viability and proliferation, fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, fibronectin expression), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 cytokine release were quantified. ACT001 inhibited fibroblast activity in a concentration-dependent manner in both groups of fibroblasts. ACT001 inhibited IL-6 but not IL-8 production in unstimulated fibroblasts. ACT001 is a water-soluble compound with a stable half-life in plasma, thus making it an attractive candidate for further investigation as a therapeutic in IPF. This study adds to the growing body of literature that demonstrates anti-fibrotic activity of NF-ĸB inhibition in the context of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Jaffar
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; N.M.H.R.C. Centre of Research Excellence in Pulmonary Fibrosis, Australia.
| | - Ian Glaspole
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; N.M.H.R.C. Centre of Research Excellence in Pulmonary Fibrosis, Australia
| | - Karen Symons
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Glen Westall
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; N.M.H.R.C. Centre of Research Excellence in Pulmonary Fibrosis, Australia
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9
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Löfdahl A, Tornling G, Wigén J, Larsson-Callerfelt AK, Wenglén C, Westergren-Thorsson G. Pathological Insight into 5-HT 2B Receptor Activation in Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010225. [PMID: 33379351 PMCID: PMC7796180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of more than 200 conditions, of which primarily idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, ILD associated with autoimmune diseases and sarcoidosis may present a progressive fibrosing (PF) phenotype. Despite different aetiology and histopathological patterns, the PF-ILDs have similarities regarding disease mechanisms with self-sustaining fibrosis, which suggests that the diseases may share common pathogenetic pathways. Previous studies show an enhanced activation of serotonergic signaling in pulmonary fibrosis, and the serotonin (5-HT)2 receptors have been implicated to have important roles in observed profibrotic actions. Our research findings in support by others, demonstrate antifibrotic effects with 5-HT2B receptor antagonists, alleviating several key events common for the fibrotic diseases such as myofibroblast differentiation and connective tissue deposition. In this review, we will address the potential role of 5-HT and in particular the 5-HT2B receptors in three PF-ILDs: ILD associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc-ILD), ILD associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA-ILD) and IPF. Highlighting the converging pathways in these diseases discloses the 5-HT2B receptor as a potential disease target for PF-ILDs, which today have an urgent unmet need for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Löfdahl
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC C12, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (J.W.); (A.-K.L.-C.); (G.W.-T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Göran Tornling
- AnaMar AB, Medicon Village, Scheeletorget 1, 22381 Lund, Sweden; (C.W.); (G.T.)
- Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Wigén
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC C12, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (J.W.); (A.-K.L.-C.); (G.W.-T.)
| | - Anna-Karin Larsson-Callerfelt
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC C12, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (J.W.); (A.-K.L.-C.); (G.W.-T.)
| | - Christina Wenglén
- AnaMar AB, Medicon Village, Scheeletorget 1, 22381 Lund, Sweden; (C.W.); (G.T.)
| | - Gunilla Westergren-Thorsson
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC C12, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (J.W.); (A.-K.L.-C.); (G.W.-T.)
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10
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Yao L, Wright MF, Farmer BC, Peterson LS, Khan AM, Zhong J, Gewin L, Hao CM, Yang HC, Fogo AB. Fibroblast-specific plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 depletion ameliorates renal interstitial fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 34:2042-2050. [PMID: 31071225 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression increases extracellular matrix deposition and contributes to interstitial fibrosis in the kidney after injury. While PAI-1 is ubiquitously expressed in the kidney, we hypothesized that interstitial fibrosis is strongly dependent on fibroblast-specific PAI-1 (fbPAI-1). METHODS Tenascin C Cre (TNC Cre) and fbPAI-1 knockdown (KD) mice with green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressed within the TNC construct underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction and were sacrificed 10 days later. RESULTS GFP+ cells in fbPAI-1 KD mice showed significantly reduced PAI-1 expression. Interstitial fibrosis, measured by Sirius red staining and collagen I western blot, was significantly decreased in fbPAI-1 KD compared with TNC Cre mice. There was no significant difference in transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) expression or its activation between the two groups. However, GFP+ cells from fbPAI-1 KD mice had lower TGF β and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression. The number of fibroblasts was decreased in fbPAI-1 KD compared with TNC Cre mice, correlating with decreased alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and less fibroblast cell proliferation. TNC Cre mice had decreased E-cadherin, a marker of differentiated tubular epithelium, in contrast to preserved expression in fbPAI-1 KD. F4/80-expressing cells, mostly CD11c+/F4/80+ cells, were increased while M1 macrophage markers were decreased in fbPAI-1 KD compared with TNC Cre mice. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that fbPAI-1 depletion ameliorates interstitial fibrosis by decreasing fibroblast proliferation in the renal interstitium, with resulting decreased collagen I. This is linked to decreased M1 macrophages and preserved tubular epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Medical Healthcare Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - M Frances Wright
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brandon C Farmer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - Laura S Peterson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amir M Khan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jianyong Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leslie Gewin
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chuan-Ming Hao
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Chun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Li H, Zhang B, Lu S, Ji DG, Ding M, Ye YS, Sun DJ. siRNA-mediated silencing of PAI-1 gene acts as a promoter over the recanalization of endothelial progenitor cells in rats with venous thrombosis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19921-19932. [PMID: 30982977 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
With the changing lifestyle, venous thrombosis (VT) is becoming increasingly prevalent and poses a burden on the health economy. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are recruited into resolving VT. We aimed to investigate the effect of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) silencing on the recanalization of VT in rat EPCs. EPCs and VT rat models were cultured and treated with negative control-siRNA vector and PAI-1-siRNA vector, respectively. 4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, wound-healing test, and Matrigel-induced tubular experiment were performed to detect the ability of cell proliferation, migration, and EPCs lumen formation. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the recanalization of thrombus. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of PAI-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. PAI-1-siRNA enhances the luminal formation ability of EPCs and significantly promotes EPCs homing. In response to PAI-1 gene silencing, tissues from inferior vena cava displayed reduced mRNA and protein expression of PAI-1, increased VEGF expression as well as promoted lumen-like structures. PAI-1 gene silencing can promote the recanalization of VT by enhancement of the luminal formation ability of rats' EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Anesthesia, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - De-Gang Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan-Shuo Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Da-Jun Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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12
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Kang J, Kim W, Kwon T, Youn H, Kim JS, Youn B. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 enhances radioresistance and aggressiveness of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23961-74. [PMID: 27004408 PMCID: PMC5029677 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance of tumor cells during treatment limits the clinical efficacy of radiotherapy. Recent studies to investigate acquired resistance under treatment have focused on intercellular communication because it promotes survival and aggressiveness of tumor cells, causing therapy failure and tumor relapse. Accordingly, a better understanding of the functional communication between subpopulations of cells within a tumor is essential to development of effective cancer treatment strategies. Here, we found that conditioned media (CM) from radioresistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells increased survival of radiosensitive cells. Comparative proteomics analysis revealed plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as a key molecule in the secretome that acts as an extracellular signaling trigger to strengthen resistance to radiation. Our results revealed that expression and secretion of PAI-1 in radioresistant cells was increased by radiation-induced transcription factors, including p53, HIF-1α, and Smad3. When CM from radioresistant cells was applied to radiosensitive cells, extracellular PAI-1 activated the AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathway and inhibited caspase-3 activity. Our study also proposed that PAI-1 activates the signaling pathway in radiosensitive cells via extracellular interaction with its binding partners, not clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, secreted PAI-1 increased cell migration capacity and expression of EMT markers in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that PAI-1 secreted from radioresistant NSCLC cells reduced radiosensitivity of nearby cells in a paracrine manner, indicating that functional inhibition of PAI-1 signaling has therapeutic potential because it prevents sensitive cells from acquiring radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiHoon Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanyeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.,Nuclear Science Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeWoo Kwon
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Sun Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.,Nuclear Science Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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13
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Jiang C, Liu G, Luckhardt T, Antony V, Zhou Y, Carter AB, Thannickal VJ, Liu RM. Serpine 1 induces alveolar type II cell senescence through activating p53-p21-Rb pathway in fibrotic lung disease. Aging Cell 2017; 16:1114-1124. [PMID: 28722352 PMCID: PMC5595683 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence of alveolar type 2 (ATII) cells, progenitors of the alveolar epithelium, is implicated in the pathogeneses of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), an aging‐related progressive fatal lung disorder with unknown etiology. The mechanism underlying ATII cell senescence in fibrotic lung diseases, however, remains poorly understood. In this study, we report that ATII cells in IPF lungs express higher levels of serpine 1, also known as plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1), and cell senescence markers p21 and p16, compared to ATII cells in control lungs. Silencing PAI‐1 or inhibition of PAI‐1 activity in cultured rat ATII (L2) cells leads to decreases in p53 serine 18 phosphorylation (p53S18P), p53 and p21 protein expressions; an increase in retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation (ppRb); and a reduction in the sensitivity to bleomycin‐ and doxorubicin‐induced senescence. Silencing p53, on the other hand, abrogates PAI‐1 protein‐stimulated p21 expression and cell senescence. In vivo studies, using ATII cell‐specific PAI‐1 conditional knockout mouse model generated recently in this laboratory, further support the role of PAI‐1 in the activation of p53‐p21‐Rb cell cycle repression pathway, ATII cell senescence, and lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin. This study reveals a novel function of PAI‐1 in regulation of cell cycle and suggests that elevation of PAI‐1 contributes importantly to ATII cell senescence in fibrotic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsun Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - Tracy Luckhardt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - Veena Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - A. Brent Carter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - Victor J. Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
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Abstract
Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (PMH) is a recently described vascular neoplasm that occurs most commonly in the soft tissue of the distal extremities of young adults. Metastatic PMH can be fatal and there are no effective medications. We describe a case of a 15-year-old boy with metastatic PMH, who responded to treatment with everolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor. Immunohistochemistry showed that mammalian target of rapamycin was expressed in PMH biopsy specimens, which may explain the reduction in PMH tumor size following treatment.
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Kašuba V, Milić M, Rozgaj R, Kopjar N, Mladinić M, Žunec S, Vrdoljak AL, Pavičić I, Čermak AMM, Pizent A, Lovaković BT, Želježić D. Effects of low doses of glyphosate on DNA damage, cell proliferation and oxidative stress in the HepG2 cell line. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:19267-19281. [PMID: 28667585 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied the toxic effects of glyphosate in vitro on HepG2 cells exposed for 4 and 24 h to low glyphosate concentrations likely to be encountered in occupational and residential exposures [the acceptable daily intake (ADI; 0.5 μg/mL), residential exposure level (REL; 2.91 μg/mL) and occupational exposure level (OEL; 3.5 μg/mL)]. The assessments were performed using biomarkers of oxidative stress, CCK-8 colorimetric assay for cell proliferation, alkaline comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay. The results obtained indicated effects on cell proliferation, both at 4 and 24 h. The levels of primary DNA damage after 4-h exposure were lower in treated vs. control samples, but were not significantly changed after 24 h. Using the CBMN assay, we found a significantly higher number of MN and nuclear buds at ADI and REL after 4 h and a lower number of MN after 24 h. The obtained results revealed significant oxidative damage. Four-hour exposure resulted in significant decrease at ADI [lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)] and OEL [lipid peroxidation and level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC)], and 24-h exposure in significant decrease at OEL (TAC and GSH-Px). No significant effects were observed for the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) for both treatment, and for 24 h for lipid peroxidation. Taken together, the elevated levels of cytogenetic damage found by the CBMN assay and the mechanisms of primary DNA damage should be further clarified, considering that the comet assay results indicate possible cross-linking or DNA adduct formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilena Kašuba
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ružica Rozgaj
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Mladinić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
- Xellia Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Žunec
- Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Lucić Vrdoljak
- Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pavičić
- Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Marija Marjanović Čermak
- Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alica Pizent
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blanka Tariba Lovaković
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Želježić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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Niu R, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Wang W, Li X. iTRAQ-Based Proteomics Reveals Novel Biomarkers for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170741. [PMID: 28122020 PMCID: PMC5266322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a gradual lung disease with a survival of less than 5 years post-diagnosis for most patients. Poor molecular description of IPF has led to unsatisfactory interpretation of the pathogenesis of this disease, resulting in the lack of successful treatments. The objective of this study was to discover novel noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of IPF. We employed a coupled isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) approach to examine protein expression in patients with IPF. A total of 97 differentially expressed proteins (38 upregulated proteins and 59 downregulated proteins) were identified in the serum of IPF patients. Using String software, a regulatory network containing 87 nodes and 244 edges was built, and the functional enrichment showed that differentially expressed proteins were predominantly involved in protein activation cascade, regulation of response to wounding and extracellular components. A set of three most significantly upregulated proteins (HBB, CRP and SERPINA1) and four most significantly downregulated proteins (APOA2, AHSG, KNG1 and AMBP) were selected for validation in an independent cohort of IPF and other lung diseases using ELISA test. The results confirmed the iTRAQ profiling results and AHSG, AMBP, CRP and KNG1 were found as specific IPF biomarkers. ROC analysis indicated the diagnosis potential of the validated biomarkers. The findings of this study will contribute in understanding the pathogenesis of IPF and facilitate the development of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Niu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Operating Room, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Evidence-based Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yongbin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (XL)
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Nursing, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (XL)
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17
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Aged neutrophils contribute to the first line of defense in the acute inflammatory response. Blood 2016; 128:2327-2337. [PMID: 27609642 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-05-718999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Under steady-state conditions, aged neutrophils are removed from the circulation in bone marrow, liver, and spleen, thereby maintaining myeloid cell homeostasis. The fate of these aged immune cells under inflammatory conditions, however, remains largely obscure. Here, we demonstrate that in the acute inflammatory response during endotoxemia, aged neutrophils cease returning to the bone marrow and instead rapidly migrate to the site of inflammation. Having arrived in inflamed tissue, aged neutrophils were found to exhibit a higher phagocytic activity as compared with the subsequently recruited nonaged neutrophils. This distinct behavior of aged neutrophils under inflammatory conditions is dependent on specific age-related changes in their molecular repertoire that enable these "experienced" immune cells to instantly translate inflammatory signals into immune responses. In particular, aged neutrophils engage Toll-like receptor-4- and p38 MAPK-dependent pathways to induce conformational changes in β2 integrins that allow these phagocytes to effectively accomplish their mission in the front line of the inflammatory response. Hence, ageing in the circulation might represent a critical process for neutrophils that enables these immune cells to properly unfold their functional properties for host defense.
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18
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Inhibition of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Attenuates Transforming Growth Factor-β-Dependent Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Differentiation of Fibroblasts to Myofibroblasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148969. [PMID: 26859294 PMCID: PMC4747467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is central during the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, in which the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) also has an established role. TGF-β is also known to be the strongest inducer of PAI-1. To investigate the link between PAI-1 and TGF-β in fibrotic processes, we evaluated the effect of SK-216, a PAI-1-specific inhibitor, in TGF-β-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation. In human alveolar epithelial A549 cells, treatment with TGF-β induced EMT, whereas co-treatment with SK-216 attenuated the occurrence of EMT. The inhibition of TGF-β-induced EMT by SK-216 was also confirmed in the experiment using murine epithelial LA-4 cells. Blocking EMT by SK-216 inhibited TGF-β-induced endogenous production of PAI-1 and TGF-β in A549 cells as well. These effects of SK-216 were not likely mediated by suppressing either Smad or ERK pathways. Using human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells, we demonstrated that SK-216 inhibited TGF-β-dependent differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. We also observed this inhibition by SK-216 in human primary lung fibroblasts. Following these in vitro results, we tested oral administration of SK-216 into mice injected intratracheally with bleomycin. We found that SK-216 reduced the degree of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Although the precise mechanisms underlying the link between TGF-β and PAI-1 regarding fibrotic process were not determined, PAI-1 seems to act as a potent downstream effector on the pro-fibrotic property of TGF-β. In addition, inhibition of PAI-1 activity by a PAI-1 inhibitor exerts an antifibrotic effect even in vivo. These data suggest that targeting PAI-1 as a downstream effector of TGF-β could be a promising therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Li Q, Chen J, Chen Y, Cong X, Chen Z. Chronic sciatic nerve compression induces fibrosis in dorsal root ganglia. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2393-400. [PMID: 26820076 PMCID: PMC4768999 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, pathological alterations in neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were investigated in a rat model of chronic sciatic nerve compression. The rat model of chronic sciatic nerve compression was established by placing a 1 cm Silastic tube around the right sciatic nerve. Histological examination was performed via Masson's trichrome staining. DRG injury was assessed using Fluoro Ruby (FR) or Fluoro Gold (FG). The expression levels of target genes were examined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. At 3 weeks post-compression, collagen fiber accumulation was observed in the ipsilateral area and, at 8 weeks, excessive collagen formation with muscle atrophy was observed. The collagen volume fraction gradually and significantly increased following sciatic nerve compression. In the model rats, the numbers of FR-labeled DRG neurons were significantly higher, relative to the sham-operated group, however, the numbers of FG-labeled neurons were similar. In the ipsilateral DRG neurons of the model group, the levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were elevated and, surrounding the neurons, the levels of collagen type I were increased, compared with those in the contralateral DRG. In the ipsilateral DRG, chronic nerve compression was associated with significantly higher levels of phosphorylated (p)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and significantly lower levels of p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p-p38, compared with those in the contralateral DRGs. Chronic sciatic nerve compression likely induced DRG pathology by upregulating the expression levels of TGF-β1, CTGF and collagen type I, with involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinwen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Jianghai Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Cong
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Zhenbing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Su SC, Lin CW, Yang WE, Fan WL, Yang SF. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system as a biomarker and therapeutic target in human malignancies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:551-66. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1113260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Keenan MM, Liu B, Tang X, Wu J, Cyr D, Stevens RD, Ilkayeva O, Huang Z, Tollini LA, Murphy SK, Lucas J, Muoio DM, Kim SY, Chi JT. ACLY and ACC1 Regulate Hypoxia-Induced Apoptosis by Modulating ETV4 via α-ketoglutarate. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005599. [PMID: 26452058 PMCID: PMC4599891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to propagate a solid tumor, cancer cells must adapt to and survive under various tumor microenvironment (TME) stresses, such as hypoxia or lactic acidosis. To systematically identify genes that modulate cancer cell survival under stresses, we performed genome-wide shRNA screens under hypoxia or lactic acidosis. We discovered that genetic depletion of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACACA or ACC1) or ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) protected cancer cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Additionally, the loss of ACLY or ACC1 reduced levels and activities of the oncogenic transcription factor ETV4. Silencing ETV4 also protected cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis and led to remarkably similar transcriptional responses as with silenced ACLY or ACC1, including an anti-apoptotic program. Metabolomic analysis found that while α-ketoglutarate levels decrease under hypoxia in control cells, α-ketoglutarate is paradoxically increased under hypoxia when ACC1 or ACLY are depleted. Supplementation with α-ketoglutarate rescued the hypoxia-induced apoptosis and recapitulated the decreased expression and activity of ETV4, likely via an epigenetic mechanism. Therefore, ACC1 and ACLY regulate the levels of ETV4 under hypoxia via increased α-ketoglutarate. These results reveal that the ACC1/ACLY-α-ketoglutarate-ETV4 axis is a novel means by which metabolic states regulate transcriptional output for life vs. death decisions under hypoxia. Since many lipogenic inhibitors are under investigation as cancer therapeutics, our findings suggest that the use of these inhibitors will need to be carefully considered with respect to oncogenic drivers, tumor hypoxia, progression and dormancy. More broadly, our screen provides a framework for studying additional tumor cell stress-adaption mechanisms in the future. During the development of most solid tumors, there are characteristic physiological differences in the tumor that result from tumor cells outgrowing their local blood supply. Two of these physiological differences, or “stresses,” that occur in the tumor are low oxygen levels (hypoxia) and an accumulation of lactic acidic (lactic acidosis). Cancer cells experiencing hypoxia and lactic acidosis tend to be more resistant to chemo- and radio-therapy and metastasize more readily. Therefore, it is important to understand how tumor cells adapt to and survive these stresses. We used a large scale screening experiment in order to find which genes and proteins are involved in tumor cell adaptation and survival under hypoxia or lactic acidosis. We found that inhibiting either of two genes involved in lipid synthesis allowed tumor cells to survive hypoxia. This occurred because silencing these genes led to an increase in the metabolite α-ketoglutarate, which repressed a transcription factor that contributed to cell death under hypoxia. This research specifically advances our understanding of how tumor cells survive hypoxia and lactic acidosis and more broadly enhances our understanding of the cellular biology of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. Keenan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Beiyu Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xiaohu Tang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jianli Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Derek Cyr
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert D. Stevens
- Sarah W Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Institute of Molecular Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Sarah W Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Institute of Molecular Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Tollini
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph Lucas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Deborah M. Muoio
- Sarah W Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Institute of Molecular Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Inhibition of SERPINE1 Function Attenuates Wound Closure in Response to Tissue Injury: A Role for PAI-1 in Re-Epithelialization and Granulation Tissue Formation. J Dev Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/jdb3010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Sisson TH, Ajayi IO, Subbotina N, Dodi AE, Rodansky ES, Chibucos LN, Kim KK, Keshamouni VG, White ES, Zhou Y, Higgins PDR, Larsen SD, Neubig RR, Horowitz JC. Inhibition of myocardin-related transcription factor/serum response factor signaling decreases lung fibrosis and promotes mesenchymal cell apoptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:969-86. [PMID: 25681733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are crucial to the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis. Their formation of stress fibers results in the release of myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF), a transcriptional coactivator of serum response factor (SRF). MRTF-A (Mkl1)-deficient mice are protected from lung fibrosis. We hypothesized that the SRF/MRTF pathway inhibitor CCG-203971 would modulate myofibroblast function in vitro and limit lung fibrosis in vivo. Normal and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung fibroblasts were treated with/without CCG-203971 (N-[4-chlorophenyl]-1-[3-(2-furanyl)benzoyl]-3-piperidine carboxamide) and/or Fas-activating antibody in the presence/absence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and apoptosis was assessed. In vivo studies examined the effect of therapeutically administered CCG-203971 on lung fibrosis in two distinct murine models of fibrosis induced by bleomycin or targeted type II alveolar epithelial injury. In vitro, CCG-203971 prevented nuclear localization of MRTF-A; increased the apoptotic susceptibility of normal and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis fibroblasts; blocked TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation; and inhibited TGF-β1-induced expression of fibronectin, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. TGF-β1 did not protect fibroblasts or myofibroblasts from apoptosis in the presence of CCG-203971. In vivo, CCG-203971 significantly reduced lung collagen content in both murine models while decreasing alveolar plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and promoting myofibroblast apoptosis. These data support a central role of the SRF/MRTF pathway in the pathobiology of lung fibrosis and suggest that its inhibition can help resolve lung fibrosis by promoting fibroblast apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Sisson
- Division of Pulmonary and Crucial Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Iyabode O Ajayi
- Division of Pulmonary and Crucial Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Natalya Subbotina
- Division of Pulmonary and Crucial Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Amos E Dodi
- Division of Pulmonary and Crucial Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Eva S Rodansky
- Division of Gastroenterology, Medical School, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lauren N Chibucos
- Division of Pulmonary and Crucial Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kevin K Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Crucial Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Venkateshwar G Keshamouni
- Division of Pulmonary and Crucial Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Eric S White
- Division of Pulmonary and Crucial Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yong Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Peter D R Higgins
- Division of Gastroenterology, Medical School, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Scott D Larsen
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Richard R Neubig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey C Horowitz
- Division of Pulmonary and Crucial Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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24
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Reichel CA, Hessenauer MET, Pflieger K, Rehberg M, Kanse SM, Zahler S, Krombach F, Berghaus A, Strieth S. Components of the plasminogen activation system promote engraftment of porous polyethylene biomaterial via common and distinct effects. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116883. [PMID: 25658820 PMCID: PMC4319722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid fibrovascularization is a prerequisite for successful biomaterial engraftment. In addition to their well-known roles in fibrinolysis, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or their inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) have recently been implicated as individual mediators in non-fibrinolytic processes, including cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Since these events are critical for fibrovascularization of biomaterial, we hypothesized that the components of the plasminogen activation system contribute to biomaterial engraftment. Employing in vivo and ex vivo microscopy techniques, vessel and collagen network formation within porous polyethylene (PPE) implants engrafted into dorsal skinfold chambers were found to be significantly impaired in uPA-, tPA-, or PAI-1-deficient mice. Consequently, the force required for mechanical disintegration of the implants out of the host tissue was significantly lower in the mutant mice than in wild-type controls. Conversely, surface coating with recombinant uPA, tPA, non-catalytic uPA, or PAI-1, but not with non-catalytic tPA, accelerated implant vascularization in wild-type mice. Thus, uPA, tPA, and PAI-1 contribute to the fibrovascularization of PPE implants through common and distinct effects. As clinical perspective, surface coating with recombinant uPA, tPA, or PAI-1 might provide a novel strategy for accelerating the vascularization of this biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A. Reichel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Maximilian E. T. Hessenauer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Pflieger
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandip M. Kanse
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fritz Krombach
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Berghaus
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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25
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Marudamuthu AS, Shetty SK, Bhandary YP, Karandashova S, Thompson M, Sathish V, Florova G, Hogan TB, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS, Tsukasaki Y, Fu J, Ikebe M, Idell S, Shetty S. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 suppresses profibrotic responses in fibroblasts from fibrotic lungs. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9428-41. [PMID: 25648892 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.601815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease characterized by progressive interstitial scarification. A hallmark morphological lesion is the accumulation of myofibroblasts or fibrotic lung fibroblasts (FL-fibroblasts) in areas called fibroblastic foci. We previously demonstrated that the expression of both urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and the uPA receptor are elevated in FL-fibroblasts from the lungs of patients with IPF. FL-fibroblasts isolated from human IPF lungs and from mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis showed an increased rate of proliferation compared with normal lung fibroblasts (NL-fibroblasts) derived from histologically "normal" lung. Basal expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in human and murine FL-fibroblasts was reduced, whereas collagen-I and α-smooth muscle actin were markedly elevated. Conversely, alveolar type II epithelial cells surrounding the fibrotic foci in situ, as well as those isolated from IPF lungs, showed increased activation of caspase-3 and PAI-1 with a parallel reduction in uPA expression. Transduction of an adenovirus PAI-1 cDNA construct (Ad-PAI-1) suppressed expression of uPA and collagen-I and attenuated proliferation in FL-fibroblasts. On the contrary, inhibition of basal PAI-1 in NL-fibroblasts increased collagen-I and α-smooth muscle actin. Fibroblasts isolated from PAI-1-deficient mice without lung injury also showed increased collagen-I and uPA. These changes were associated with increased Akt/phosphatase and tensin homolog proliferation/survival signals in FL-fibroblasts, which were reversed by transduction with Ad-PAI-1. This study defines a new role of PAI-1 in the control of fibroblast activation and expansion and its role in the pathogenesis of fibrosing lung disease and, in particular, IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarnath S Marudamuthu
- From the Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708
| | - Shwetha K Shetty
- From the Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708
| | - Yashodhar P Bhandary
- From the Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708
| | - Sophia Karandashova
- From the Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708
| | - Michael Thompson
- the Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, and
| | | | - Galina Florova
- From the Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708
| | - Taryn B Hogan
- From the Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708
| | | | - Y S Prakash
- the Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, and
| | - Yoshikazu Tsukasaki
- From the Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708
| | - Jian Fu
- the Center for Research on Environmental Disease and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- From the Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708
| | - Steven Idell
- From the Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708
| | - Sreerama Shetty
- From the Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708,
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26
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Huang WT, Akhter H, Jiang C, MacEwen M, Ding Q, Antony V, Thannickal VJ, Liu RM. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, fibroblast apoptosis resistance, and aging-related susceptibility to lung fibrosis. Exp Gerontol 2014; 61:62-75. [PMID: 25451236 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disorder with unknown cause and no effective treatment. The incidence of and mortality from IPF increase with age, suggesting that advanced age is a major risk factor for IPF. The mechanism underlying the increased susceptibility of the elderly to IPF, however, is unknown. In this study, we show for the first time that the protein level of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), a protease inhibitor which plays an essential role in the control of fibrinolysis, was significantly increased with age in mouse lung homogenate and lung fibroblasts. Upon bleomycin challenge, old mice experienced augmented PAI-1 induction and lung fibrosis as compared to young mice. Most interestingly, we show that fewer (myo)fibroblasts underwent apoptosis and more (myo)fibroblasts with increased level of PAI-1 accumulated in the lung of old than in young mice after bleomycin challenge. In vitro studies further demonstrate that fibroblasts isolated from lungs of old mice were resistant to H2O2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis and had augmented fibrotic responses to TGF-β1, compared to fibroblasts isolated from young mice. Inhibition of PAI-1 activity with a PAI-1 inhibitor, on the other hand, eliminated the aging-related apoptosis resistance and TGF-β1 sensitivity in isolated fibroblasts. Moreover, we show that knocking down PAI-1 in human lung fibroblasts with PAI-1 siRNA significantly increased their sensitivity to apoptosis and inhibited their responses to TGF-β1. Together, the results suggest that increased PAI-1 expression may underlie the aging-related sensitivity to lung fibrosis in part by protecting fibroblasts from apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tan Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Hasina Akhter
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Chunsun Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Mark MacEwen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Qiang Ding
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Veena Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Victor John Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
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27
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Li Y, Wei S. [Advances on mechanisms of coagulation with non-small cell lung cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2013; 16:676-80. [PMID: 24345495 PMCID: PMC6000641 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2013.12.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recently, researchers have been increasingly finding coagulation disorders are commonly the first sign of malignancy. It has now been established that cancer development leads to an increased risk of thrombosis, and conversely, excessive activation of blood coagulation profoundly influences cancer progression. In patients with lung cancer, a sustained stimulation of blood coagulation takes place. Cancer cells trigger coagulation through expression of tissue factor, and affect coagulation through expression of thrombin, release of microparticles that augment coagulation and so on. Coagulation also facilitates tumour progression through release of platelet granule contents, inhibition of natural killer cells and recruitment of macrophages. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 80%-85% of all lung malignancies. In the present review, we summarized the newly updated data about the physiopathological mechanisms of various components of the clotting system in different stages of carcinogenesis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Li
- Department of Oncology, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
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