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Pipe SW, Dunn AL, Young G. Efficacy and safety evaluation of eptacog beta (coagulation factor VIIa [recombinant]-jncw) for the treatment of hemophilia A and B with inhibitors. Expert Rev Hematol 2023; 16:715-729. [PMID: 37602448 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2023.2248385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bypassing agents (BPAs) are used to treat acute bleeding episodes, manage bleeding during perioperative care, and prophylactically minimize bleed occurrence in persons with hemophilia A or B with inhibitors (PwHABI). However, the effectiveness of BPAs that have been prescribed for the last several decades can be variable, motivating the development of a new recombinant activated factor VII, eptacog beta. AREAS COVERED This review covers key eptacog beta findings from phase 1b and phase 3 (PERSEPT) clinical trials, which formed the basis for its regulatory approval to treat PwHABI ages 12 and older. Descriptions of eptacog beta structure and glycosylation profile, mechanism of action, preclinical study results, and cost analyses are also presented. EXPERT OPINION PwHABI have had only two options for bleed treatment for the past several decades. With its distinct glycosylation profile, eptacog beta offers a novel therapy aiming to improve upon BPAs currently in use, providing an option with more than one dosing regimen and a rapid response that allows most bleeds to be treated with just one dose. This has become particularly important given the use of subcutaneous medications (e.g., emicizumab) for prophylaxis of bleeding. Clinicians should consider eptacog beta as a BPA for all PwHABI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Pipe
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy L Dunn
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Guy Young
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Zhang X, Tang J, Kou X, Huang W, Zhu Y, Jiang Y, Yang K, Li C, Hao M, Qu Y, Ma L, Chen C, Shi S, Zhou Y. Proteomic analysis of MSC-derived apoptotic vesicles identifies Fas inheritance to ameliorate haemophilia a via activating platelet functions. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12240. [PMID: 36856683 PMCID: PMC9927920 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic vesicles (apoVs) are apoptotic cell-derived nanosized vesicles that play a crucial role in multiple pathophysiological settings. However, their detailed characteristics, specific surface markers, and biological properties are not fully elucidated. In this study, we compared mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived apoVs and exosomes from three different types of MSCs including human bone marrow MSCs (hBMSCs), human adipose MSCs (hASCs), and mouse bone marrow MSCs (mBMSCs). We established a unique protein map of MSC-derived apoVs and identified the differences between apoVs and exosomes in terms of functional protein cargo and surface markers. Furthermore, we identified 13 proteins specifically enriched in apoVs compared to exosomes, which can be used as apoV-specific biomarkers. In addition, we showed that apoVs inherited apoptotic imprints such as Fas to ameliorate haemophilia A in factor VIII knockout mice via binding to the platelets' FasL to activate platelet functions, and therefore rescuing the blood clotting disorder. In summary, we systemically characterized MSC-derived apoVs and identified their therapeutic role in haemophilia A treatment through a previously unknown Fas/FasL linkage mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China,South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell ResearchHospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jianxia Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral HealthXiangya School of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha410000China,South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell ResearchHospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Xiaoxing Kou
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell ResearchHospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat‐Sen University)Ministry of EducationGuangzhou510080China
| | - Weiying Huang
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell ResearchHospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Yuhe Jiang
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Kunkun Yang
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Can Li
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell ResearchHospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Meng Hao
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell ResearchHospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Yan Qu
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell ResearchHospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Lan Ma
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell ResearchHospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and PharmacologyUniversity of Pennsylvania, School of Dental MedicinePhiladelphiaPA 19104USA
| | - Songtao Shi
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell ResearchHospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat‐Sen University)Ministry of EducationGuangzhou510080China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
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Alterations of the Platelet Proteome in Lung Cancer: Accelerated F13A1 and ER Processing as New Actors in Hypercoagulability. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092260. [PMID: 34066760 PMCID: PMC8125802 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The risk of venous thromboembolism in cancer is nine times higher than in the general population and the second leading cause of death in these patients. Tissue factor and downstream plasmatic coagulation cascade are largely responsible for the risk of thrombosis in cancer. In recent years, it has been increasingly recognised that platelets also play a central role in tumour growth and cancer-associated thrombosis. The underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. In order to comprehensively investigate the biochemical changes in platelets from cancers with high risk of thrombosis, we examined the platelet proteome of brain and lung cancer patients in comparison to sex and age-matched healthy controls. However, we only found alterations in lung cancer, where some of these platelet proteins directly promote thrombosis. One example is the increased amount of the enzyme protein disulfide isomerase, which is clinically investigated as an antithrombotic drug target of the plant-based flavonol quercetin. Abstract In order to comprehensively expose cancer-related biochemical changes, we compared the platelet proteome of two types of cancer with a high risk of thrombosis (22 patients with brain cancer, 19 with lung cancer) to 41 matched healthy controls using unbiased two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis. The examined platelet proteome was unchanged in patients with brain cancer, but considerably affected in lung cancer with 15 significantly altered proteins. Amongst these, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins calreticulin (CALR), endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP (HSPA5) and protein disulfide-isomerase (P4HB) were significantly elevated. Accelerated conversion of the fibrin stabilising factor XIII was detected in platelets of patients with lung cancer by elevated levels of a coagulation factor XIII (F13A1) 55 kDa fragment. A significant correlation of this F13A1 cleavage product with plasma levels of the plasmin–α-2-antiplasmin complex and D-dimer suggests its enhanced degradation by the fibrinolytic system. Protein association network analysis showed that lung cancer-related proteins were involved in platelet degranulation and upregulated ER protein processing. As a possible outcome, plasma FVIII, an immediate end product for ER-mediated glycosylation, correlated significantly with the ER-executing chaperones CALR and HSPA5. These new data on the differential behaviour of platelets in various cancers revealed F13A1 and ER chaperones as potential novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets in lung cancer patients.
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Croteau SE, Frelinger AL, Gerrits AJ, Michelson AD. Decreased platelet surface phosphatidylserine predicts increased bleeding in patients with severe factor VIII deficiency. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:976-982. [PMID: 33370471 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bleeding phenotypes among individuals with severe factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency are variable, even with routine prophylactic FVIII administration. Activated platelets, in addition to their role in primary hemostasis, play a major role in coagulation by providing a phospholipid surface to which coagulation factors bind. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine whether platelet function is associated with past and/or future bleeding in patients with severe FVIII deficiency on prophylaxis. PATIENTS/METHODS Platelet function quantified by platelet surface expression of phosphatidylserine, platelet surface glycoprotein (GP) VI, platelet surface activated GPIIb-IIIa, platelet surface P-selectin, the percentage of coated platelets, and the percentage of platelet-derived microparticles in the presence or absence of in vitro activation by various agonists was assessed in 34 patients. RESULTS Decreased platelet surface phosphatidylserine expression (identified by annexin V binding), both in the presence and absence of ADP/thrombin receptor activating peptide, demonstrated a significant association with both prior and subsequent bleeding in any location and specifically with hemarthrosis. No significant difference between patients with and without bleeding was observed in any of the other platelet activity markers. CONCLUSIONS Decreased platelet surface phosphatidylserine expression measured by annexin V binding predicts increased bleeding in severe FVIII deficient patients on prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy E Croteau
- Boston Hemophilia Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew L Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anja J Gerrits
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan D Michelson
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Melero‐Amor A, Romecín P, Iyú D, García‐Bernal D, García‐Navaro E, Moraleda JM, García‐Estañ J, García‐Candel F, Atucha NM. Platelet function and microvesicle generation in patients with hemophilia A. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:1408-1415. [PMID: 33768856 PMCID: PMC7981769 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our results do not support any effect of FVIII on platelet function in patients with severe HA treated under the regime of prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Melero‐Amor
- Servicio de HematologíaHospital Universitario Virgen de la ArrixacaMurciaSpain
| | - Paola Romecín
- Departamento de FisiologíaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación BiosanitariaUnidad de Trasplante Hematopoyético y Terapia CelularMurciaSpain
| | - David Iyú
- Departamento de FisiologíaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación BiosanitariaUnidad de Trasplante Hematopoyético y Terapia CelularMurciaSpain
| | - David García‐Bernal
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación BiosanitariaUnidad de Trasplante Hematopoyético y Terapia CelularMurciaSpain
| | - Esther García‐Navaro
- Departamento de FisiologíaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación BiosanitariaUnidad de Trasplante Hematopoyético y Terapia CelularMurciaSpain
| | - José M. Moraleda
- Servicio de HematologíaHospital Universitario Virgen de la ArrixacaMurciaSpain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación BiosanitariaUnidad de Trasplante Hematopoyético y Terapia CelularMurciaSpain
- Departamento de Medicina InternaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Joaquín García‐Estañ
- Departamento de FisiologíaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación BiosanitariaUnidad de Trasplante Hematopoyético y Terapia CelularMurciaSpain
| | - Faustino García‐Candel
- Servicio de HematologíaHospital Universitario Virgen de la ArrixacaMurciaSpain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación BiosanitariaUnidad de Trasplante Hematopoyético y Terapia CelularMurciaSpain
| | - Noemí M. Atucha
- Departamento de FisiologíaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación BiosanitariaUnidad de Trasplante Hematopoyético y Terapia CelularMurciaSpain
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Rehill AM, McCluskey S, O'Donnell JS, Dockal M, Preston RJS. Heterogeneity in Bleeding Tendency and Arthropathy Development in Individuals with Hemophilia. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 47:183-191. [PMID: 33636749 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
People with hemophilia (PWH) have an increased tendency to bleed, often into their joints, causing debilitating joint disease if left untreated. To reduce the incidence of bleeding events, PWH receive prophylactic replacement therapy with recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) or FIX. Bleeding events in PWH are typically proportional to their plasma FVIII or IX levels; however, in many PWH, bleeding tendency and the likelihood of developing arthropathy often varies independently of endogenous factor levels. Consequently, many PWH suffer repeated bleeding events before correct dosing of replacement factor can be established. Diagnostic approaches to define an individual's bleeding tendency remain limited. Multiple modulators of bleeding phenotype in PWH have been proposed, including the type of disease-causing variant, age of onset of bleeding episodes, plasma modifiers of blood coagulation or clot fibrinolysis pathway activity, interindividual differences in platelet reactivity, and endothelial anticoagulant activity. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of established factors modulating bleeding tendency and discuss emerging concepts of additional biological elements that may contribute to variable bleeding tendency in PWH. Finally, we consider how variance in responses to new gene therapies may also necessitate consideration of patient-specific tailoring of treatment. Cumulatively, these studies highlight the need to reconsider the current "one size fits all" approach to treatment regimens for PWH and consider therapies guided by the bleeding phenotype of each individual PWH at the onset of therapy. Further characterization of the biological bases of bleeding heterogeneity in PWH, combined with the development of novel diagnostic assays to identify those factors that modulate bleeding risk in PWH, will be required to meet these aspirations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling M Rehill
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seán McCluskey
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James S O'Donnell
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.,St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Dockal
- Baxalta Innovations GmbH, A Member of the Takeda Group of Companies, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roger J S Preston
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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Song X, Zhong J, Xue F, Chen L, Li H, Yuan D, Xie J, Shi J, Zhang L, Wu EQ, Yang R. An overview of patients with haemophilia A in China: Epidemiology, disease severity and treatment strategies. Haemophilia 2020; 27:e51-e59. [PMID: 33245829 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Haemophilia A (HA) is a rare X chromosome-linked bleeding disorder resulting in missing or defective clotting factor VIII (FVIII) and causes large disease burden. AIM As a member of World Federation of Hemophilia, China seeks to understand the current epidemiology, disease profile and treatment landscape of patients with HA through the Hemophilia Treatment Center Collaboration Network of China (HTCCNC). METHODS The HTCCNC enabled data collection on patients with HA from 166 member hospitals (2007-2019) across China. The distribution of patients across 31 divisions was summarized using a heat map. Patient demographics, disease severity and clinical and treatment information were summarized using descriptive statistics. RESULTS HTCCNC identified 17,779 patients with HA during 2007-2019. Patients were predominantly male (99.99%), and 28.3% had a known family history of haemophilia. Among patients with lab-measured disease severity (N = 13,116), 6,519 had severe HA (49.7%), 4,788 had moderate HA (36.5%), and 1,809 had mild HA (13.8%). Among patients with information on the delays, delays in diagnosis and in treatment initiation were observed in 1,437 (28.8%) and 1,750 (39.2%) patients, respectively. On average, those patients had an 8.4 years gap between the first bleed and HA diagnosis and a delay of 8.6 years from the first bleed to treatment initiation. Additionally, 44.33% of patients relied solely on episodic treatments, and 16.2% received any prophylaxis treatments. CONCLUSIONS Using data from the largest haemophilia registry in China, this study indicated that delayed diagnosis and treatment, together with low utilization of prophylaxis, are key challenges for patients with HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Laboratory of Blood Disease Gene Therapy, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Laboratory of Blood Disease Gene Therapy, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Analysis Group, Inc, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Laboratory of Blood Disease Gene Therapy, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Laboratory of Blood Disease Gene Therapy, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Laboratory of Blood Disease Gene Therapy, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Donghui Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Laboratory of Blood Disease Gene Therapy, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Jun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Laboratory of Blood Disease Gene Therapy, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Laboratory of Blood Disease Gene Therapy, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Renchi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Laboratory of Blood Disease Gene Therapy, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Zhou ZY, Raimundo K, Patel AM, Han S, Ji Y, Fang H, Zhong J, Betts KA, Mahajerin A. Model of Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Emicizumab Prophylaxis Treatment for Persons with Hemophilia A. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2020; 26:1109-1120. [PMID: 32452276 PMCID: PMC10391239 DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2020.19406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemophilia A (HA) can result in bleeding events because of low or absent clotting factor VIII (FVIII). Prophylactic treatment for severe HA includes replacement FVIII infusions and emicizumab, a bispecific factor IXa- and factor X-directed antibody. OBJECTIVE To develop an economic model to predict the short- and long-term clinical and economic outcomes of prophylaxis with emicizumab versus short-acting recombinant FVIII among persons with HA in the United States. METHODS A Markov model was developed to compare clinical outcomes and costs of emicizumab versus FVIII prophylaxis among persons with severe HA from U.S. payer and societal perspectives. Patients started prophylaxis at age 1 year in the base case. Mutually exclusive health states considered were "no arthropathy," "arthropathy," "surgery," and "death." Serious adverse events, breakthrough bleeds, and inhibitor development were simulated throughout the modeled time horizon. In addition to the prophylaxis drug costs, patients could incur other direct costs related to breakthrough bleeds treatment, serious adverse events, development of inhibitors, arthropathy, and orthopedic surgery. Indirect costs associated with productivity loss (i.e., missed work or disabilities) were applied for adults. Model inputs were obtained from the HAVEN 3 trial, published literature, and expert opinion. The model used a lifetime horizon, and results for 1 year and 5 years were also reported. Deterministic sensitivity analyses and scenario analyses were conducted to assess robustness of the model. RESULTS Over a lifetime horizon, the cumulative number of all treated bleeds and joint bleeds avoided on emicizumab versus FVIII prophylaxis were 278.2 and 151.7, respectively. Correspondingly, arthropathy (mean age at onset: 12.9 vs. 5.4 years) and FVIII inhibitor development (mean age at development: 13.9 vs. 1.1 years) were delayed. Total direct and indirect costs were lower for emicizumab versus FVIII prophylaxis for all modeled time horizons ($97,159 vs. $331,610 at 1 year; $603,146 vs. $1,459,496 at 5 years; and $15,238,072 vs. $22,820,281 over a lifetime horizon). The sensitivity analyses indicated that clinical outcomes were sensitive to efficacy inputs, while economic outcomes were driven by the discount rate, dosing schedules, and treatments after inhibitor development. Results for moderate to severe patients were consistent with findings in the severe HA population. CONCLUSIONS The model suggests that emicizumab prophylaxis confers additional clinical benefits, resulting in a lower number of bleeding events and delayed onset of arthropathy and inhibitor development across all time assessment horizons. Compared with short-acting recombinant FVIII, emicizumab prophylaxis leads to superior patient outcomes and cost savings from U.S. payer and societal perspectives. DISCLOSURES Funding for this study was provided by Genentech. Raimundo and Patel are employees of Genentech and own stock or stock options. Zhou, Han, Ji, Fang, Zhong, and Betts are employees of Analysis Group, which received consultancy fees from Genentech for conducting this study. Mahajerin received consultancy fees from Genentech for work on this study. Portions of this research were presented as a poster at the 2018 American Society of Hematology Conference; December 1-4, 2018; San Diego, CA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yusi Ji
- Analysis Group, Beijing, China
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Kwak J, Mazzeffi M, Boggio LN, Simpson ML, Tanaka KA. Hemophilia: A Review of Perioperative Management for Cardiac Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 36:246-257. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.09.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Ibrahim UA, Ahmed SG. Pathophysiology of bleeding diathesis in haemophilia-A: A sequential and critical appraisal of non-FVIII related haemostatic dysfunctions and their therapeutic implications. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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