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Lee SS, Al Halawani A, Teo JD, Weiss AS, Yeo GC. The Matrix Protein Tropoelastin Prolongs Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Vitality and Delays Senescence During Replicative Aging. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402168. [PMID: 39120048 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence leads to the functional decline of regenerative cells such as mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), which gives rise to chronic conditions and contributes to poor cell therapy outcomes. Aging tissues are associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) dysregulation, including loss of elastin. However, the role of the ECM in modulating senescence is underexplored. In this work, it is shown that tropoelastin, the soluble elastin precursor, is not only a marker of young MSCs but also actively preserves cell fitness and delays senescence during replicative aging. MSCs briefly exposed to tropoelastin exhibit upregulation of proliferative genes and concurrent downregulation of senescence genes. The seno-protective benefits of tropoelastin persist during continuous, long-term MSC culture, and significantly extend the MSC replicative lifespan. Tropoelastin-expanded MSCs further maintain youth-associated phenotype and function compared to age-matched controls, including preserved clonogenic potential, minimal senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity, maintained cell sizes, reduced expression of senescence markers, suppressed secretion of senescence-associated factors, and increased production of youth-associated proteins. This work points to the utility of exogenously-supplemented tropoelastin for manufacturing MSCs that robustly maintain regenerative potential with age. It further reveals the active role of classical structural ECM proteins in driving cellular age-associated fitness, potentially leading to future interventions for aging-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Shinchen Lee
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Aleen Al Halawani
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Teo
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Anthony S Weiss
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Giselle C Yeo
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Miguel-Hernández S, Zluhan-Martínez E, Garay-Arroyo A, Cabrera-Muñoz L, Hernández-Angeles A, Durán-Figueroa NV, Pérez-Koldenkova V, Ponce-Castañeda MV. In vivo movement of retinoblastoma-related protein (RBR) towards cytoplasm during mitosis in Arabidopsisthaliana. Differentiation 2024:100800. [PMID: 38987088 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2024.100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma protein is central in signaling networks of fundamental cell decisions such as proliferation and differentiation in all metazoans and cancer development. Immunostaining and biochemical evidence demonstrated that during interphase retinoblastoma protein is in the nucleus and is hypophosphorylated, and during mitosis is in the cytoplasm and is hyperphosphorylated. The purpose of this study was to visualize in vivo in a non-diseased tissue, the dynamic spatial and temporal nuclear exit toward the cytoplasm of this protein during mitosis and its return to the nucleus to obtain insights into its potential cytosolic functions. Using high-resolution time-lapse images from confocal microscopy, we tracked in vivo the ortholog in plants the RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED (RBR) protein tagged with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in Arabidopsis thaliana's root. RBR protein exits from dense aggregates in the nucleus before chromosomes are in prophase in less than 2 min, spreading outwards as smaller particles projected throughout the cytosol during mitosis like a diffusive yet controlled event until telophase, when the daughter's nuclei form; RBR returns to the nuclei in coordination with decondensing chromosomal DNA forming new aggregates again in punctuated larger structures in each corresponding nuclei. We propose RBR diffused particles in the cytoplasm may function as a cytosolic sensor of incoming signals, thus coordinating re-aggregation with DNA is a mechanism by which any new incoming signals encountered by RBR may lead to a reconfiguration of the nuclear transcriptomic context. The small RBR diffused particles in the cytoplasm may preserve topologic-like properties allowing them to aggregate and restore their nuclear location, they may also be part of transient cytoplasmic storage of the cellular pre-mitotic transcriptional context, that once inside the nuclei may execute both the pre mitosis transcriptional context as well as new transcriptional instructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Miguel-Hernández
- Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía Avanzada de la Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, CMN SXXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Estephania Zluhan-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Depto. De Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana Garay-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Depto. De Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Adriana Hernández-Angeles
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Noé Valentín Durán-Figueroa
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería y Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Vadim Pérez-Koldenkova
- Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía Avanzada de la Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, CMN SXXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M Verónica Ponce-Castañeda
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias, Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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3
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Janiszewska J, Kostrzewska-Poczekaj M, Wierzbicka M, Brenner JC, Giefing M. HPV-driven oncogenesis-much more than the E6 and E7 oncoproteins. J Appl Genet 2024:10.1007/s13353-024-00883-y. [PMID: 38907809 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-024-00883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses are well-established drivers of several cancer types including cervical, head and neck, penile as well as anal cancers. While the E6 and E7 viral oncoproteins have proven to be critical for malignant transformation, evidence is also beginning to emerge suggesting that both host pathways and additional viral genes may also be pivotal for malignant transformation. Here, we focus on the role of host APOBEC genes, which have an important role in molecular editing including in the response to the viral DNA and their role in HPV-driven carcinogenesis. Further, we also discuss data developed suggesting the existence of HPV-derived miRNAs in HPV + tumors and their potential role in regulating the host transcriptome. Collectively, while recent advances in these two areas have added complexity to the working model of papillomavirus-induced oncogenesis, these discoveries have also shed a light onto new areas of research that will be required to fully understand the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Janiszewska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Kostrzewska-Poczekaj
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Wierzbicka
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
- Research & Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - J C Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Giefing
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
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4
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Zhang W, Liu Y, Jang H, Nussinov R. CDK2 and CDK4: Cell Cycle Functions Evolve Distinct, Catalysis-Competent Conformations, Offering Drug Targets. JACS AU 2024; 4:1911-1927. [PMID: 38818077 PMCID: PMC11134382 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), particularly CDK4 and CDK2, are crucial for cell cycle progression from the Gap 1 (G1) to the Synthesis (S) phase by phosphorylating targets such as the Retinoblastoma Protein (Rb). CDK4, paired with cyclin-D, operates in the long G1 phase, while CDK2 with cyclin-E, manages the brief G1-to-S transition, enabling DNA replication. Aberrant CDK signaling leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation, which is a hallmark of cancer. Exactly how they accomplish their catalytic phosphorylation actions with distinct efficiencies poses the fundamental, albeit overlooked question. Here we combined available experimental data and modeling of the active complexes to establish their conformational functional landscapes to explain how the two cyclin/CDK complexes differentially populate their catalytically competent states for cell cycle progression. Our premise is that CDK catalytic efficiencies could be more important for cell cycle progression than the cyclin-CDK biochemical binding specificity and that efficiency is likely the prime determinant of cell cycle progression. We observe that CDK4 is more dynamic than CDK2 in the ATP binding site, the regulatory spine, and the interaction with its cyclin partner. The N-terminus of cyclin-D acts as an allosteric regulator of the activation loop and the ATP-binding site in CDK4. Integrated with a suite of experimental data, we suggest that the CDK4 complex is less capable of remaining in the active catalytically competent conformation, and may have a lower catalytic efficiency than CDK2, befitting their cell cycle time scales, and point to critical residues and motifs that drive their differences. Our mechanistic landscape may apply broadly to kinases, and we propose two drug design strategies: (i) allosteric Inhibition by conformational stabilization for targeting allosteric CDK4 regulation by cyclin-D, and (ii) dynamic entropy-optimized targeting which leverages the dynamic, entropic aspects of CDK4 to optimize drug binding efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Zhang
- Cancer
Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Yonglan Liu
- Cancer
Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational
Structural Biology Section, Frederick National
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational
Structural Biology Section, Frederick National
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Department
of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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5
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Zaragoza JZ, Klap K, Heidstra R, Zhou W, Scheres B. The dual role of the RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED protein in the DNA damage response is coordinated by the interaction with LXCXE-containing proteins. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1194-1206. [PMID: 38321589 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms possess mechanisms to safeguard genome integrity. To avoid spreading mutations, DNA lesions are detected and cell division is temporarily arrested to allow repair mechanisms. Afterward, cells either resume division or respond to unsuccessful repair by undergoing programmed cell death (PCD). How the success rate of DNA repair connects to later cell fate decisions remains incompletely known, particularly in plants. The Arabidopsis thaliana RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED1 (RBR) protein and its partner E2FA, play both structural and transcriptional functions in the DNA damage response (DDR). Here we provide evidence that distinct RBR protein interactions with LXCXE motif-containing proteins guide these processes. Using the N849F substitution in the RBR B-pocket domain, which specifically disrupts binding to the LXCXE motif, we show that these interactions are dispensable in unchallenging conditions. However, N849F substitution abolishes RBR nuclear foci and promotes PCD and growth arrest upon genotoxic stress. NAC044, which promotes growth arrest and PCD, accumulates after the initial recruitment of RBR to foci and can bind non-focalized RBR through the LXCXE motif in a phosphorylation-independent manner, allowing interaction at different cell cycle phases. Disrupting NAC044-RBR interaction impairs PCD, but their genetic interaction points to opposite independent roles in the regulation of PCD. The LXCXE-binding dependency of the roles of RBR in the DDR suggests a coordinating mechanism to translate DNA repair success to cell survival. We propose that RBR and NAC044 act in two distinct DDR pathways, but interact to integrate input from both DDR pathways to decide upon an irreversible cell fate decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Zamora Zaragoza
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biotechnology, Rijk Zwaan Breeding B.V., Eerste Kruisweg 9, 4793 RS, Fijnaart, The Netherlands
| | - Katinka Klap
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renze Heidstra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wenkun Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ben Scheres
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biotechnology, Rijk Zwaan Breeding B.V., Eerste Kruisweg 9, 4793 RS, Fijnaart, The Netherlands
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6
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Lee JY, Bhandare RR, Boddu SHS, Shaik AB, Saktivel LP, Gupta G, Negi P, Barakat M, Singh SK, Dua K, Chellappan DK. Molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of tumour suppressor genes in lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116275. [PMID: 38394846 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumour suppressor genes play a cardinal role in the development of a large array of human cancers, including lung cancer, which is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. Therefore, extensive studies have been committed to deciphering the underlying mechanisms of alterations of tumour suppressor genes in governing tumourigenesis, as well as resistance to cancer therapies. In spite of the encouraging clinical outcomes demonstrated by lung cancer patients on initial treatment, the subsequent unresponsiveness to first-line treatments manifested by virtually all the patients is inherently a contentious issue. In light of the aforementioned concerns, this review compiles the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of some of the tumour suppressor genes implicated in lung cancer that are either frequently mutated and/or are located on the chromosomal arms having high LOH rates (1p, 3p, 9p, 10q, 13q, and 17p). Our study identifies specific genomic loci prone to LOH, revealing a recurrent pattern in lung cancer cases. These loci, including 3p14.2 (FHIT), 9p21.3 (p16INK4a), 10q23 (PTEN), 17p13 (TP53), exhibit a higher susceptibility to LOH due to environmental factors such as exposure to DNA-damaging agents (carcinogens in cigarette smoke) and genetic factors such as chromosomal instability, genetic mutations, DNA replication errors, and genetic predisposition. Furthermore, this review summarizes the current treatment landscape and advancements for lung cancers, including the challenges and endeavours to overcome it. This review envisages inspired researchers to embark on a journey of discovery to add to the list of what was known in hopes of prompting the development of effective therapeutic strategies for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yee Lee
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Richie R Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afzal B Shaik
- St. Mary's College of Pharmacy, St. Mary's Group of Institutions Guntur, Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Chebrolu, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522212, India; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India
| | - Lakshmana Prabu Saktivel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering (BIT Campus), Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, PO Box 9, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Muna Barakat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman-11937, Jordan
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara 144411, India; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
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Palanivel C, Madduri LSV, Hein AL, Jenkins CB, Graff BT, Camero AL, Zhou S, Enke CA, Ouellette MM, Yan Y. PR55α-controlled protein phosphatase 2A inhibits p16 expression and blocks cellular senescence induction by γ-irradiation. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4116-4137. [PMID: 38441530 PMCID: PMC10968692 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a permanent cell cycle arrest that can be triggered by both internal and external genotoxic stressors, such as telomere dysfunction and DNA damage. The execution of senescence is mainly by two pathways, p16/RB and p53/p21, which lead to CDK4/6 inhibition and RB activation to block cell cycle progression. While the regulation of p53/p21 signaling in response to DNA damage and other insults is well-defined, the regulation of the p16/RB pathway in response to various stressors remains poorly understood. Here, we report a novel function of PR55α, a regulatory subunit of PP2A Ser/Thr phosphatase, as a potent inhibitor of p16 expression and senescence induction by ionizing radiation (IR), such as γ-rays. The results show that ectopic PR55α expression in normal pancreatic cells inhibits p16 transcription, increases RB phosphorylation, and blocks IR-induced senescence. Conversely, PR55α-knockdown by shRNA in pancreatic cancer cells elevates p16 transcription, reduces RB phosphorylation, and triggers senescence induction after IR. Furthermore, this PR55α function in the regulation of p16 and senescence is p53-independent because it was unaffected by the mutational status of p53. Moreover, PR55α only affects p16 expression but not p14 (ARF) expression, which is also transcribed from the same CDKN2A locus but from an alternative promoter. In normal human tissues, levels of p16 and PR55α proteins were inversely correlated and mutually exclusive. Collectively, these results describe a novel function of PR55α/PP2A in blocking p16/RB signaling and IR-induced cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Palanivel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Lepakshe S. V. Madduri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ashley L. Hein
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Christopher B. Jenkins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Brendan T. Graff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Alison L. Camero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sumin Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Charles A. Enke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Michel M. Ouellette
- Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Suleman M, Khattak A, Akbar F, Rizwan M, Tayyab M, Yousaf M, Khan A, Albekairi NA, Agouni A, Crovella S. Analysis of E2F1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms reveals deleterious non-synonymous substitutions that disrupt E2F1-RB protein interaction in cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129559. [PMID: 38242392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a medical condition that is caused by the abnormal growth and division of cells, leading to the formation of tumors. The E2F1 and RB pathways are critical in regulating cell cycle, and their dysregulation can contribute to the development of cancer. In this study, we analyzed experimentally reported SNPs in E2F1 and assessed their effects on the binding affinity with RB. Out of 46, nine mutations were predicted as deleterious, and further analysis revealed four highly destabilizing mutations (L206W, R232C, I254T, A267T) that significantly altered the protein structure. Molecular docking of wild-type and mutant E2F1 with RB revealed a docking score of -242 kcal/mol for wild-type, while the mutant complexes had scores ranging from -217 to -220 kcal/mol. Molecular simulation analysis revealed variations in the dynamics features of both mutant and wild-type complexes due to the acquired mutations. Furthermore, the total binding free energy for the wild-type E2F1-RB complex was -64.89 kcal/mol, while those of the L206W, R232C, I254T, and A267T E2F1-RB mutants were -45.90 kcal/mol, -53.52 kcal/mol, -55.67 kcal/mol, and -61.22 kcal/mol, respectively. Our study is the first to extensively analyze E2F1 gene mutations and identifies candidate mutations for further validation and potential targeting for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suleman
- Laboratory of Animal Research Center (LARC) Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan.
| | - Aishma Khattak
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shaheed Benazir butto women university Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Akbar
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, the University of Agriculture Peshawar.
| | - Muhammad Yousaf
- Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan.
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Norah A Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Laboratory of Animal Research Center (LARC) Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Hüsnügil HH, Güleç Taşkıran AE, Güderer I, Nehri LN, Oral G, Menemenli NŞ, Özcan Ö, Noghreh A, Akyol A, Banerjee S. Lysosomal alkalinization in nutrient restricted cancer cells activates cytoskeletal rearrangement to enhance partial epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Transl Oncol 2024; 41:101860. [PMID: 38262111 PMCID: PMC10832471 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nutrient restriction in cancer cells can activate a number of stress response pathways for cell survival. We aimed to determine mechanistically how nutrient depletion in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells leads to cellular adaptation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell survival under nutrient depletion (ND) was evaluated by colony formation and in vivo tumor formation assays. Lysosomes are activated with ND; therefore, we incubated the ND cells with the V-ATPase inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 (ND+Baf). The expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers with ND+Baf was determined by RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR while motility was determined with an in vivo Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Reorganization of cytoskeletal network and lysosomal positioning was determined by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS 4 different colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines under ND showed high viability, tumor forming ability and increased expression of one or more epithelial and mesenchymal markers, suggesting the activation of partial (p)-EMT. We observed a further increase in p-EMT markers, numerous membrane protrusions, decreased cell-cell adhesion in 3D, and increased motility in ND+Baf cells. The protrusions in the ND+Baf cells were primarily mediated by microtubules and enabled the relocalization of lysosomes from the perinuclear region to the periphery. CONCLUSIONS ND activated p-EMT in CRC cells, which was exacerbated by lysosomal alkalinization. The ND+Baf cells also showed numerous protrusions containing lysosomes, which may lead to lysosomal exocytosis and enhanced motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hazal Hüsnügil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aliye Ezgi Güleç Taşkıran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ismail Güderer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Leman Nur Nehri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Göksu Oral
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Özün Özcan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ariana Noghreh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aytekin Akyol
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sreeparna Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey; Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory CanSyL, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey.
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10
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Küffer S, Müller D, Marx A, Ströbel P. Non-Mutational Key Features in the Biology of Thymomas. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:942. [PMID: 38473304 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Thymomas (THs) are a unique group of heterogeneous tumors of the thymic epithelium. In particular, the subtypes B2 and B3 tend to be aggressive and metastatic. Radical tumor resection remains the only curative option for localized tumors, while more advanced THs require multimodal treatment. Deep sequencing analyses have failed to identify known oncogenic driver mutations in TH, with the notable exception of the GTF2I mutation, which occurs predominantly in type A and AB THs. However, there are multiple alternative non-mutational mechanisms (e.g., perturbed thymic developmental programs, metabolism, non-coding RNA networks) that control cellular behavior and tumorigenesis through the deregulation of critical molecular pathways. Here, we attempted to show how the results of studies investigating such alternative mechanisms could be integrated into a current model of TH biology. This model could be used to focus ongoing research and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Küffer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Denise Müller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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11
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Zhu J, Cai Y, Kong M, Li Y, Zhu L, Zhang J, Yu Z, Xu S, Hong L, Chen C, Luo J, Kong L. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation for First GPX4 and CDK Dual Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2758-2776. [PMID: 38295524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The coexistence of ferroptosis and other modes of death has great advantages in the treatment of cancers. A series of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) dual inhibitors were designed and synthesized, given the synergistic anticancer effect of ML162 (GPX4 inhibitor) in combination with indirubin-3'-oxime (IO) (CDK inhibitor). Compound B9 exhibited the highest potential cytotoxic activity against all four cell lines and displayed excellent inhibitory activity against GPX4 (IC50 = 542.5 ± 0.9 nM) and selective inhibition of CDK 4/6 (IC50 = 191.2 ± 8.7, 68.1 ± 1.4 nM). Mechanism research showed that B9 could simultaneously induce ferroptosis and arrest cells at the G1 phase in both MDA-MB-231 cells and HCT-116 cells. Compared with ML162 and IO, B9 showed much stronger cancer cell growth inhibition in vivo. These results proved that developing potent GPX4/CDK dual inhibitors is a promising strategy for the malignant cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangmin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxing Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanpeng Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shishu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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12
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Mohallem R, Aryal UK. Nuclear Phosphoproteome Reveals Prolyl Isomerase PIN1 as a Modulator of Oncogene-Induced Senescence. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100715. [PMID: 38216124 PMCID: PMC10864342 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells possess intrinsic mechanisms to prevent tumorigenesis upon deleterious mutations, including oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). The molecular mechanisms underlying OIS are, however, complex and remain to be fully characterized. In this study, we analyzed the changes in the nuclear proteome and phosphoproteome of human lung fibroblast IMR90 cells during the progression of OIS induced by oncogenic RASG12V activation. We found that most of the differentially regulated phosphosites during OIS contained prolyl isomerase PIN1 target motifs, suggesting PIN1 is a key regulator of several promyelocytic leukemia nuclear body proteins, specifically regulating several proteins upon oncogenic Ras activation. We showed that PIN1 knockdown promotes cell proliferation, while diminishing the senescence phenotype and hallmarks of senescence, including p21, p16, and p53 with concomitant accumulation of the protein PML and the dysregulation of promyelocytic leukemia nuclear body formation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that PIN1 plays an important role as a tumor suppressor in response to oncogenic ER:RasG12V activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Mohallem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA; Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA; Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA.
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13
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Zhang H, Konjusha D, Rafati N, Tararuk T, Hallböök F. Inhibition of high level E2F in a RB1 proficient MYCN overexpressing chicken retinoblastoma model normalizes neoplastic behaviour. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:209-227. [PMID: 37606819 PMCID: PMC10899388 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinoblastoma, a childhood cancer, is most frequently caused by bi-allelic inactivation of RB1 gene. However, other oncogenic mutations such as MYCN amplification can induce retinoblastoma with proficient RB1. Previously, we established RB1-proficient MYCN-overexpressing retinoblastoma models both in human organoids and chicken. Here, we investigate the regulatory events in MYCN-induced retinoblastoma carcinogenesis based on the model in chicken. METHODS MYCN transformed retinal cells in culture were obtained from in vivo MYCN electroporated chicken embryo retina. The expression profiles were analysed by RNA sequencing. Chemical treatments, qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, immunohisto- and immunocytochemistry and western blot were applied to study the properties and function of these cells. RESULTS The expression profile of MYCN-transformed retinal cells in culture showed cone photoreceptor progenitor signature and robustly increased levels of E2Fs. This expression profile was consistently observed in long-term culture. Chemical treatments confirmed RB1 proficiency in these cells. The cells were insensitive to p53 activation but inhibition of E2f efficiently induced cell cycle arrest followed by apoptosis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, with proficient RB1, MYCN-induced high level of E2F expression dysregulates the cell cycle and contributes to retinoblastoma carcinogenesis. The increased level of E2f renders the cells to adopt a similar mechanistic phenotype to a RB1-deficient tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dardan Konjusha
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nima Rafati
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tatsiana Tararuk
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Finn Hallböök
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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14
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Miao X, Koch G, Shen S, Wang X, Li J, Shen X, Qu J, Straubinger RM, Jusko WJ. Systems Pharmacodynamic Model of Combined Gemcitabine and Trabectedin in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Part II: Cell Cycle, DNA Damage Response, and Apoptosis Pathways. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:235-245. [PMID: 37918792 PMCID: PMC10902796 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research efforts, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to present a formidable clinical challenge, demanding innovative therapeutic approaches. In a prior study, we reported the synergistic cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine and trabectedin on pancreatic cancer cells. To investigate potential mechanisms underlying this synergistic pharmacodynamic interaction, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis was performed, and a systems pharmacodynamics model (SPD) was developed to capture pancreatic cancer cell responses to gemcitabine and trabectedin, alone and combined, at the proteome level. Companion report Part I describes the proteomic workflow and drug effects on the upstream portion of the SPD model related to cell growth and migration, specifically the RTK-, integrin-, GPCR-, and calcium-signaling pathways. This report presents Part II of the SPD model. Here we describe drug effects on pathways associated with cell cycle, DNA damage response (DDR), and apoptosis, and provide insights into underlying mechanisms. Drug combination effects on protein changes in the cell cycle- and apoptosis pathways contribute to the synergistic effects observed between gemcitabine and trabectedin. The SPD model was subsequently incorporated into our previously-established cell cycle model, forming a comprehensive, multi-scale quantification platform for evaluating drug effects across multiple scales, spanning the proteomic-, cellular-, and subcellular levels. This approach provides a quantitative mechanistic framework for evaluating drug-drug interactions in combination chemotherapy, and could potentially serve as a tool to predict combinatorial efficacy and assist in target selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Miao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gilbert Koch
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics Research Center, University of Basel, Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jun Li
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - William J Jusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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15
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Wang J, Calizo A, Zhang L, Pino JC, Lyu Y, Pollard K, Zhang X, Larsson AT, Conniff E, Llosa NJ, Wood DK, Largaespada DA, Moody SE, Gosline SJ, Hirbe AC, Pratilas CA. CDK4/6 inhibition enhances SHP2 inhibitor efficacy and is dependent upon RB function in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8876. [PMID: 38000020 PMCID: PMC10672174 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are highly aggressive soft tissue sarcomas with limited treatment options, and new effective therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. We observe antiproliferative potency of genetic depletion of PTPN11 or pharmacological inhibition using the SHP2 inhibitor (SHP2i) TNO155. Our studies into the signaling response to SHP2i reveal that resistance to TNO155 is partially mediated by reduced RB function, and we therefore test the addition of a CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) to enhance RB activity and improve TNO155 efficacy. In combination, TNO155 attenuates the adaptive response to CDK4/6i, potentiates its antiproliferative effects, and converges on enhancement of RB activity, with greater suppression of cell cycle and inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins, leading to deeper and more durable antitumor activity in in vitro and in vivo patient-derived models of MPNST, relative to either single agent. Overall, our study provides timely evidence to support the clinical advancement of this combination strategy in patients with MPNST and other tumors driven by loss of NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawan Wang
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC) at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ana Calizo
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC) at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lindy Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC) at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James C. Pino
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yang Lyu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kai Pollard
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC) at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alex T. Larsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric Conniff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nicolas J. Llosa
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC) at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David K. Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David A. Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Susan E. Moody
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sara J. Gosline
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angela C. Hirbe
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christine A. Pratilas
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC) at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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16
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Figueiredo D, Marques IA, Pires AS, Cavaleiro CF, Costa LC, Castela G, Murta JN, Botelho MF, Abrantes AM. Risk of Second Tumors in Retinoblastoma Survivors after Ionizing Radiation: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5336. [PMID: 38001596 PMCID: PMC10670427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common ocular neoplasm in children, whose development depends on two mutational events that occur in both alleles of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1). Regarding the nature of these mutational events, RB can be classified as hereditary if the first event is a germline mutation and the second one is a somatic mutation in retina cells or nonhereditary if both mutational events occur in somatic cells. Although the rate of survival of RB is significantly elevated, the incidence of second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) is a concern, since SMNs are the main cause of death in these patients. Effectively, RB patients present a higher risk of SMN incidence compared to other oncology patients. Furthermore, evidence confirms that hereditary RB survivors are at a higher risk for SMNs than nonhereditary RB survivors. Over the decades, some studies have been performed to better understand this subject, evaluating the risk of the development of SMNs in RB patients. Furthermore, this risk seems to increase with the use of ionizing radiation in some therapeutic approaches commonly used in the treatment of RB. This review aims to clarify the effect of ionizing radiation in RB patients and to understand the association between the risk of SMN incidence in patients that underwent radiation therapy, especially in hereditary RB individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Figueiredo
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.F.); (I.A.M.); (A.S.P.)
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês A. Marques
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.F.); (I.A.M.); (A.S.P.)
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Salomé Pires
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.F.); (I.A.M.); (A.S.P.)
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.C.); (J.N.M.)
| | - Claudia F. Cavaleiro
- Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy Department, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.F.C.); (L.C.C.)
| | - Luís C. Costa
- Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy Department, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.F.C.); (L.C.C.)
| | - Guilherme Castela
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.C.); (J.N.M.)
- Pediatric Oncology Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro de Responsabilidade Integrado de Oftalmologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joaquim N. Murta
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.C.); (J.N.M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro de Responsabilidade Integrado de Oftalmologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.F.); (I.A.M.); (A.S.P.)
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.C.); (J.N.M.)
| | - Ana Margarida Abrantes
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.F.); (I.A.M.); (A.S.P.)
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.C.); (J.N.M.)
- Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy Department, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.F.C.); (L.C.C.)
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17
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Tang X, Tang Q, Li S, Li M, Yang T. IGF2BP2 acts as a m 6A modification regulator in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma through facilitating CDK6 mRNA stabilization. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:371. [PMID: 37816718 PMCID: PMC10564923 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most commonly seen cancers in the head and neck region with increasing morbidity and mortality globally. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification plays a critical role in the carcinogenesis of LSCC. In this study, two datasets from online database were analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LSCC and normal samples. Furthermore, we carried out a series of experiments, including hematoxylin & eosin staining, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, CCK-8, colony formation, transwell, flow cytometry, xenograft tumor model assays, actinomycin D assay, cycloheximide (CHX) assay, methylated m6A RNA immunoprecipitation (Me-RIP), RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, to verify the relevant findings in vivo and in vitro. Insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) was identified as an up-regulated m6A regulator in LSCC samples. Lower IGF2BP2 expression was linked to higher survival probability in LSCC and other head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. In LSCC cells, IGF2BP2 knockdown attenuated cancer cell aggressiveness, possibly through modulating cell cycle arrest. In the xenograft tumor model derived from IGF2BP2 knocked-down LSCC cells, IGF2BP2 knockdown inhibited tumor growth. IGF2BP2 up-regulated CDK6 expression through facilitating the stability of CDK6 mRNA and protein. CDK6 knockdown caused no changes in IGF2BP2 expression, but partially eliminated the promotive effects of IGF2BP2 overexpression on LSCC cells' aggressiveness. Overexpressed IGF2BP2 in LSCC serves as an oncogenic factor, promoting LSCC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in a xenograft tumor model in vivo through facilitating CDK6 mRNA stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qinglai Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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18
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Soltan MA, Alhanshani AA, Shati AA, Alqahtani YA, Alshaya DS, Alharthi J, Altalhi SA, Fayad E, Zaki MSA, Eid RA. Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations Interfere with Several Immune Components and Predict Poor Clinical Outcome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2254. [PMID: 37626750 PMCID: PMC10452213 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) is a well-known tumor suppressor gene as it functions as a cell cycle regulator. While several reports correlate the malfunction of CDKN2A with the initiation and progression of several types of human tumors, there is a lack of a comprehensive study that analyzes the potential effect of CDKN2A genetic alterations on the human immune components and the consequences of that effect on tumor progression and patient survival in a pan-cancer model. The first stage of the current study was the analysis of CDKN2A differential expression in tumor tissues and the corresponding normal ones and correlating that with tumor stage, grade, metastasis, and clinical outcome. Next, a detailed profile of CDKN2A genetic alteration under tumor conditions was described and assessed for its effect on the status of different human immune components. CDKN2A was found to be upregulated in cancerous tissues versus normal ones and that predicted the progression of tumor stage, grade, and metastasis in addition to poor prognosis under different forms of tumors. Additionally, CDKN2A experienced different forms of genetic alteration under tumor conditions, a characteristic that influenced the infiltration and the status of CD8, the chemokine CCL4, and the chemokine receptor CCR6. Collectively, the current study demonstrates the potential employment of CDKN2A genetic alteration as a prognostic and immunological biomarker under several types of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Soltan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia 41611, Egypt
| | - Ahmad A. Alhanshani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayed A. Shati
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef A. Alqahtani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Sulaiman Alshaya
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Alharthi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Awwadh Altalhi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Samir A. Zaki
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refaat A. Eid
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Saito Y, Taniguchi K, Ii H, Horinaka M, Kageyama S, Nakata S, Ukimura O, Sakai T. Identification of c-Met as a novel target of γ-glutamylcyclotransferase. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11922. [PMID: 37488242 PMCID: PMC10366151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT) is highly expressed in multiple types of cancer tissues and its knockdown suppresses the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Although GGCT is a promising target for cancer therapy, the mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects remain unclear. The knockdown of GGCT inhibited the MEK-ERK pathway, and activated the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma gene (RB) at the protein level in cancer cell lines. c-Met was down-regulated by the knockdown of GGCT in cancer cells and its overexpression attenuated the dephosphorylation of RB and cell cycle arrest induced by the knockdown of GGCT in lung cancer A549 cells. STAT3 is a transcription factor that induces c-Met expression. STAT3 phosphorylation and its nuclear expression level were decreased in GGCT-depleted A549 and prostate cancer PC3 cells. The simultaneous knockdown of AMPK and GGCT restored the down-regulated expression of c-Met, and attenuated the dephosphorylation of STAT3 and MEK-ERK-RB induced by the knockdown of GGCT in PC3 cells. An intraperitoneal injection of a GGCT inhibitor decreased c-Met protein expression in a mouse xenograft model of PC3 cells. These results suggest that the knockdown of GGCT activates the RB protein by inhibiting the STAT3-c-Met-MEK-ERK pathway via AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Saito
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho 465, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Taniguchi
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho 465, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Ii
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mano Horinaka
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho 465, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Susumu Kageyama
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakata
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ukimura
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho 465, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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20
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Liu X, Burke RM, Lighthouse JK, Baker CD, Dirkx RA, Kang B, Chakraborty Y, Mickelsen DM, Twardowski J, Mello SS, Ashton JM, Small EM. p53 Regulates the Extent of Fibroblast Proliferation and Fibrosis in Left Ventricle Pressure Overload. Circ Res 2023; 133:271-287. [PMID: 37409456 PMCID: PMC10361635 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyopathy is characterized by the pathological accumulation of resident cardiac fibroblasts that deposit ECM (extracellular matrix) and generate a fibrotic scar. However, the mechanisms that control the timing and extent of cardiac fibroblast proliferation and ECM production are not known, hampering the development of antifibrotic strategies to prevent heart failure. METHODS We used the Tcf21 (transcription factor 21)MerCreMer mouse line for fibroblast-specific lineage tracing and p53 (tumor protein p53) gene deletion. We characterized cardiac physiology and used single-cell RNA-sequencing and in vitro studies to investigate the p53-dependent mechanisms regulating cardiac fibroblast cell cycle and fibrosis in left ventricular pressure overload induced by transaortic constriction. RESULTS Cardiac fibroblast proliferation occurs primarily between days 7 and 14 following transaortic constriction in mice, correlating with alterations in p53-dependent gene expression. p53 deletion in fibroblasts led to a striking accumulation of Tcf21-lineage cardiac fibroblasts within the normal proliferative window and precipitated a robust fibrotic response to left ventricular pressure overload. However, excessive interstitial and perivascular fibrosis does not develop until after cardiac fibroblasts exit the cell cycle. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed p53 null fibroblasts unexpectedly express lower levels of genes encoding important ECM proteins while they exhibit an inappropriately proliferative phenotype. in vitro studies establish a role for p53 in suppressing the proliferative fibroblast phenotype, which facilitates the expression and secretion of ECM proteins. Importantly, Cdkn2a (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2a) expression and the p16Ink4a-retinoblastoma cell cycle control pathway is induced in p53 null cardiac fibroblasts, which may eventually contribute to cell cycle exit and fulminant scar formation. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a mechanism regulating cardiac fibroblast accumulation and ECM secretion, orchestrated in part by p53-dependent cell cycle control that governs the timing and extent of fibrosis in left ventricular pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Liu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ryan M. Burke
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Janet K. Lighthouse
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John Fisher College, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Cameron D. Baker
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ronald A. Dirkx
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Brian Kang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yashoswini Chakraborty
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Deanne M. Mickelsen
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Twardowski
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Stephano S. Mello
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John M. Ashton
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Eric M. Small
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
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21
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Zheng Z, Halifu A, Ma J, Liu L, Fu Q, Yi B, Du E, Tian D, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Zhu J. Low-dose graphene oxide promotes tumor cells proliferation by activating PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling via cellular membrane protein integrin αV. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121817. [PMID: 37182579 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Along with the increasing production and application of graphene oxide (GO), its environmental health and safety (EHS) risks have become a global concern. Numerous studies have investigated the biosafety and toxicity mechanisms associated with GO, however, the majority of previous studies were based on its direct toxic dose, which could not reflect the realistic state of environmental exposure of GO with an indirect toxic dose (low dose). Meanwhile, the effects of low-dose GO on the progression of tumors are still unclearly. Herein, we found that GO can promote multiple types of tumor cell proliferation under its low-dose treatment. Moreover, the lateral size of GO has no obvious distinction on its promoting effect on tumor proliferation. The mechanistic investigation revealed that low-dose GO treatment increased the expression level of integrin αV protein, a cell membrane receptor, and further lead to the constitutively activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and promoted mitotic progression. Collectively, these findings increased our understanding of the detrimental effects of GO in promoting tumor proliferation, as well as improved our biosafety assessment at its realistic exposure doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zheng
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Abuduliaizezi Halifu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Leyi Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Qingfeng Fu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Bocun Yi
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - E Du
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Dawei Tian
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
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22
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Gangemi CG, Sabapathy RT, Janovjak H. CDK6 activity in a recurring convergent kinase network motif. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22845. [PMID: 36884374 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201344r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
In humans, more than 500 kinases phosphorylate ~15% of all proteins in an emerging phosphorylation network. Convergent local interaction motifs, in which ≥two kinases phosphorylate the same substrate, underlie feedback loops and signal amplification events but have not been systematically analyzed. Here, we first report a network-wide computational analysis of convergent kinase-substrate relationships (cKSRs). In experimentally validated phosphorylation sites, we find that cKSRs are common and involve >80% of all human kinases and >24% of all substrates. We show that cKSRs occur over a wide range of stoichiometries, in many instances harnessing co-expressed kinases from family subgroups. We then experimentally demonstrate for the prototypical convergent CDK4/6 kinase pair how multiple inputs phosphorylate the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein (RB) and thereby hamper in situ analysis of the individual kinases. We hypothesize that overexpression of one kinase combined with a CDK4/6 inhibitor can dissect convergence. In breast cancer cells expressing high levels of CDK4, we confirm this hypothesis and develop a high-throughput compatible assay that quantifies genetically modified CDK6 variants and inhibitors. Collectively, our work reveals the occurrence, topology, and experimental dissection of convergent interactions toward a deeper understanding of kinase networks and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina G Gangemi
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Victoria, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia.,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Bedford Park/Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rahkesh T Sabapathy
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Bedford Park/Adelaide, Australia
| | - Harald Janovjak
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Victoria, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia.,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Bedford Park/Adelaide, Australia
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23
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MYCN Amplification, along with Wild-Type RB1 Expression, Enhances CDK4/6 Inhibitors’ Efficacy in Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065408. [PMID: 36982482 PMCID: PMC10049239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the primary causes of death for pediatric malignancies. Given the high heterogeneity in NB’s mutation landscape, optimizing individualized therapies is still challenging. In the context of genomic alterations, MYCN amplification is the most correlated event with poor outcomes. MYCN is involved in the regulation of several cellular mechanisms, including cell cycle. Thus, studying the influence of MYCN overexpression in the G1/S transition checkpoint of the cell cycle may unveil novel druggable targets for the development of personalized therapeutical approaches. Here, we show that high expression of E2F3 and MYCN correlate with poor prognosis in NB despite the RB1 mRNA levels. Moreover, we demonstrate through luciferase reporter assays that MYCN bypasses RB function by incrementing E2F3-responsive promoter activity. We showed that MYCN overexpression leads to RB inactivation by inducing RB hyperphosphorylation during the G1 phase through cell cycle synchronization experiments. Moreover, we generated two MYCN-amplified NB cell lines conditionally knockdown (cKD) for the RB1 gene through a CRISPRi approach. Indeed, RB KD did not affect cell proliferation, whereas cell proliferation was strongly influenced when a non-phosphorylatable RB mutant was expressed. This finding revealed the dispensable role of RB in regulating MYCN-amplified NB’s cell cycle. The described genetic interaction between MYCN and RB1 provides the rationale for using cyclin/CDK complexes inhibitors in NBs carrying MYCN amplification and relatively high levels of RB1 expression.
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24
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Doi K, Takeuchi H, Sakurai H. PP2A-B55 and its adapter proteins IER2 and IER5 regulate the activity of RB family proteins and the expression of cell cycle-related genes. FEBS J 2023; 290:745-762. [PMID: 36047562 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma (RB) tumour suppressor protein regulates cell proliferation, motility, differentiation and apoptosis. The phosphorylation state of RB is modulated by kinases and phosphatases, and RB exhibits phosphorylation-sensitive interactions with E2F family transcription factors. Here, we characterize RB dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). The growth factor-inducible immediate early response (IER) proteins IER2 and IER5 possess an adapter-like function in which IER proteins bind to both PP2A and its target proteins and enhance PP2A activity towards the proteins. IER2 interacts with RB and facilitates dephosphorylation of RB at T821/T826 by PP2A. In IER2 knockdown cells, elevated phosphorylation of RB resulted in reduced binding of RB to the promoters and derepression of cyclin D1 and p21. IER5 binds to both RB and RB-like 1 (p107/RBL1), enhances dephosphorylation of these proteins by PP2A and represses the expression of various cell cycle-related genes. However, IER2-regulated dephosphorylation at T821/T826 is not necessary for the repression function of RB in cell mobility-related gene expression. Our data identify PP2A adapter proteins as critical regulators of RB family proteins and suggest that the phosphorylation status of RB differentially affects gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuriko Doi
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Hiroto Takeuchi
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakurai
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Japan
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25
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Conti MM, Li R, Narváez Ramos MA, Zhu LJ, Fazzio TG, Benanti JA. Phosphosite Scanning reveals a complex phosphorylation code underlying CDK-dependent activation of Hcm1. Nat Commun 2023; 14:310. [PMID: 36658165 PMCID: PMC9852432 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ordered cell cycle progression is coordinated by cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs). CDKs often phosphorylate substrates at multiple sites clustered within disordered regions. However, for most substrates, it is not known which phosphosites are functionally important. We developed a high-throughput approach, Phosphosite Scanning, that tests the importance of each phosphosite within a multisite phosphorylated domain. We show that Phosphosite Scanning identifies multiple combinations of phosphosites that can regulate protein function and reveals specific phosphorylations that are required for phosphorylation at additional sites within a domain. We applied this approach to the yeast transcription factor Hcm1, a conserved regulator of mitotic genes that is critical for accurate chromosome segregation. Phosphosite Scanning revealed a complex CDK-regulatory circuit that mediates Cks1-dependent phosphorylation of key activating sites in vivo. These results illuminate the mechanism of Hcm1 activation by CDK and establish Phosphosite Scanning as a powerful tool for decoding multisite phosphorylated domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Conti
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Michelle A Narváez Ramos
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.,Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Thomas G Fazzio
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jennifer A Benanti
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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26
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Fan K, Dong Y, Li T, Li Y. Cuproptosis-associated CDKN2A is targeted by plicamycin to regulate the microenvironment in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2023; 13:1036408. [PMID: 36699463 PMCID: PMC9868476 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1036408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the most common malignancy of the head and neck, has an overall 5-year survival rate of <50%. Genes associated with cuproptosis, a newly identified copper-dependent form of cell death, are aberrantly expressed in various tumours. However, their role in HNSCC remains unknown. In this study, bioinformatic analysis revealed that the cuproptosis-related gene CDKN2A was correlated with the malignant behaviour of HNSCC. Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves showed that patients with high CDKN2A expression had a better prognosis. Multiomic analysis revealed that CDKN2A may be associated with cell cycle and immune cell infiltration in the tumour microenvironment and is important for maintaining systemic homeostasis in the body. Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggested strong binding between plicamycin and CDKN2A. And plicamycin inhibits the progression of HNSCC in cellular assays. In conclusion, this study elucidated a potential mechanism of action of the cuproptosis-associated gene CDKN2A in HNSCC and revealed that plicamycin targets CDKN2A to improve the prognosis of patients.
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27
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Singh G, Bloskie T, Storey KB. Tissue-specific response of the RB-E2F1 complex during mammalian hibernation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 337:1002-1009. [PMID: 35945704 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic rate depression during prolonged bouts of torpor is characteristic of mammalian hibernation, reducing energy expenditures over the winter. Cell cycle arrest is observed in quiescent cells during dormancy, partly due to the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein at G1 /S, given cell division and proliferation are metabolic-costly processes. Rb binds to E2F transcription factors and recruits corepressors (e.g., SUV39H1) to E2F target genes, blocking their transcription and cell cycle passage. Phosphorylation by cyclin-CDK complexes at S780 or S795 abolishes Rb-mediated repression, allowing transition into S phase. The present study compares Rb-E2F1 responses between euthermic and torpid states in five organs (brain, heart, kidney, liver, skeletal muscle) of 13-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). Immunoblotting assessed the expression of Rb, pRb (S780, S795), E2F1, and SUV39H1. Our findings demonstrate multi-tissue upregulation of Rb and SUV39H1 during torpor, with tissue-specific changes to E2F1 and pRb (S780), suggesting Rb-E2F1 contributes to cell cycle control in hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjit Singh
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tighe Bloskie
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Pieroni S, Castelli M, Piobbico D, Ferracchiato S, Scopetti D, Di-Iacovo N, Della-Fazia MA, Servillo G. The Four Homeostasis Knights: In Balance upon Post-Translational Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214480. [PMID: 36430960 PMCID: PMC9696182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A cancer outcome is a multifactorial event that comes from both exogenous injuries and an endogenous predisposing background. The healthy state is guaranteed by the fine-tuning of genes controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and development, whose alteration induces cellular behavioral changes finally leading to cancer. The function of proteins in cells and tissues is controlled at both the transcriptional and translational level, and the mechanism allowing them to carry out their functions is not only a matter of level. A major challenge to the cell is to guarantee that proteins are made, folded, assembled and delivered to function properly, like and even more than other proteins when referring to oncogenes and onco-suppressors products. Over genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational control, protein synthesis depends on additional steps of regulation. Post-translational modifications are reversible and dynamic processes that allow the cell to rapidly modulate protein amounts and function. Among them, ubiquitination and ubiquitin-like modifications modulate the stability and control the activity of most of the proteins that manage cell cycle, immune responses, apoptosis, and senescence. The crosstalk between ubiquitination and ubiquitin-like modifications and post-translational modifications is a keystone to quickly update the activation state of many proteins responsible for the orchestration of cell metabolism. In this light, the correct activity of post-translational machinery is essential to prevent the development of cancer. Here we summarize the main post-translational modifications engaged in controlling the activity of the principal oncogenes and tumor suppressors genes involved in the development of most human cancers.
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29
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Zhang J, Xun M, Li C, Chen Y. The O-GlcNAcylation and its promotion to hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188806. [PMID: 36152903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification that attaches O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to the serine and threonine residues of proteins. Such a glycosylation would alter the activities, stabilities, and interactions of target proteins that are functional in a wide range of biological processes and diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that O-GlcNAcylation is tightly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in its onset, growth, invasion and metastasis, drug resistance, and stemness. Here we summarize the discoveries of the role of O-GlcNAcylation in HCC and its function mechanism, aiming to deepen our understanding of HCC pathology, generate more biomarkers for its diagnosis and prognosis, and offer novel molecular targets for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China
| | - Min Xun
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China
| | - Chaojie Li
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China.
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30
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Rojanaporn D, Chitphuk S, Iemwimangsa N, Chareonsirisuthigul T, Saengwimol D, Aroonroch R, Anurathathapan U, Hongeng S, Kaewkhaw R. Germline RB1 Mutation in Retinoblastoma Patients: Detection Methods and Implication in Tumor Focality. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:30. [PMID: 36173648 PMCID: PMC9527333 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.9.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The study aimed to generate a stepwise method to reduce the workload of full-scale RB1 sequencing for germline mutation screening in retinoblastoma (RB) patients. The implication of germline mutation in tumor focality was also determined in this study. Methods A stepwise method was created on the basis of "hotspot" exons analyzed using data on germline RB1 mutation in the RB1-Leiden Open Variation Database and then tested for mutation screening in the blood DNA of 42 patients with RB. The method was compared with the clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel in terms of sequencing outcomes. The germline RB1 mutation was examined in association with multifocality in RB. Results Germline RB1 mutation was identified in 61% of all bilateral cases in the first step of the 3 stepwise method and in 78% and 89% for the two and three steps combined, respectively. NGS detected a mosaic variant of RB1 that was not detected by the first two steps and increased the sensitivity from 78% to 83%. Analysis of the relationship between mutation status and tumor focality indicated that multifocality in RB was dependent on germline RB1 mutation, confirming a higher tendency to have a germline RB1 mutation in patients with multifocal RB. Conclusions A 3 stepwise method reduces the workload needed for sequencing of the RB1 for bilateral cases. NGS outweighs conventional sequencing in terms of the identification of germline mosaic variants. Multifocal tumors in RB may be used to presume germline mutation. Translational Relevance The presence of "hotspot" exons of germline RB1 mutation in bilateral cases facilitates a mutation screening. However, when genetic testing is not available, multifocality in RB regardless of tumor laterality is predictive of germline RB1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangnate Rojanaporn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sermsiri Chitphuk
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nareenart Iemwimangsa
- Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Takol Chareonsirisuthigul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangporn Saengwimol
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rangsima Aroonroch
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Usanarat Anurathathapan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rossukon Kaewkhaw
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
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31
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Putta S, Alvarez L, Lüdtke S, Sehr P, Müller GA, Fernandez SM, Tripathi S, Lewis J, Gibson TJ, Chemes LB, Rubin SM. Structural basis for tunable affinity and specificity of LxCxE-dependent protein interactions with the retinoblastoma protein family. Structure 2022; 30:1340-1353.e3. [PMID: 35716663 PMCID: PMC9444907 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and its homologs p107 and p130 are critical regulators of gene expression during the cell cycle and are commonly inactivated in cancer. Rb proteins use their "pocket domain" to bind an LxCxE sequence motif in other proteins, many of which function with Rb proteins to co-regulate transcription. Here, we present binding data and crystal structures of the p107 pocket domain in complex with LxCxE peptides from the transcriptional co-repressor proteins HDAC1, ARID4A, and EID1. Our results explain why Rb and p107 have weaker affinity for cellular LxCxE proteins compared with the E7 protein from human papillomavirus, which has been used as the primary model for understanding LxCxE motif interactions. Our structural and mutagenesis data also identify and explain differences in Rb and p107 affinities for some LxCxE-containing sequences. Our study provides new insights into how Rb proteins bind their cell partners with varying affinity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasankar Putta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Lucia Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBiO-CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, Buenos Aires CP1650, Argentina
| | - Stephan Lüdtke
- Belyntic GmbH, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Sehr
- Chemical Biology Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerd A Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Samantha M Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Sarvind Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Joe Lewis
- Chemical Biology Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Toby J Gibson
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucia B Chemes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBiO-CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, Buenos Aires CP1650, Argentina.
| | - Seth M Rubin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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32
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Koliopoulos MG, Muhammad R, Roumeliotis TI, Beuron F, Choudhary JS, Alfieri C. Structure of a nucleosome-bound MuvB transcription factor complex reveals DNA remodelling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5075. [PMID: 36038598 PMCID: PMC9424243 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes encoding the core cell cycle machinery are transcriptionally regulated by the MuvB family of protein complexes in a cell cycle-specific manner. Complexes of MuvB with the transcription factors B-MYB and FOXM1 activate mitotic genes during cell proliferation. The mechanisms of transcriptional regulation by these complexes are still poorly characterised. Here, we combine biochemical analysis and in vitro reconstitution, with structural analysis by cryo-electron microscopy and cross-linking mass spectrometry, to functionally examine these complexes. We find that the MuvB:B-MYB complex binds and remodels nucleosomes, thereby exposing nucleosomal DNA. This remodelling activity is supported by B-MYB which directly binds the remodelled DNA. Given the remodelling activity on the nucleosome, we propose that the MuvB:B-MYB complex functions as a pioneer transcription factor complex. In this work, we rationalise prior biochemical and cellular studies and provide a molecular framework of interactions on a protein complex that is key for cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios G Koliopoulos
- Division of Structural Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Reyhan Muhammad
- Division of Structural Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Theodoros I Roumeliotis
- Functional Proteomics, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Cancer Biology Division, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Fabienne Beuron
- Division of Structural Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jyoti S Choudhary
- Functional Proteomics, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Cancer Biology Division, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Claudio Alfieri
- Division of Structural Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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33
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Yao Y, Gu X, Xu X, Ge S, Jia R. Novel insights into RB1 mutation. Cancer Lett 2022; 547:215870. [PMID: 35964818 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1) decades ago, RB1 has been regarded as a prototype tumor suppressor gene providing a paradigm for tumor genetic research. Constant research has updated the understanding of RB1-related pathways and their impact on tumor and nontumor diseases. Mutation of RB1 gene has been observed in multiple types of malignant tumors including prostate cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and almost every familial and sporadic case of retinoblastoma. Even if well-known and long-investigated, the application potential of RB1 mutation has not been fully tapped. In this review, we focus on the mechanism underlying RB1 mutation during oncogenesis. Therapeutically, we have further discussed potential clinical strategies by targeting RB1-mutated cancers. The unsolved problems and prospects of RB1 mutation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaofang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
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34
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Feng C, Cheng Z, Xu Z, Tian Y, Tian H, Liu F, Luo D, Wang Y. EmCyclinD-EmCDK4/6 complex is involved in the host EGF-mediated proliferation of Echinococcus multilocularis germinative cells via the EGFR-ERK pathway. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:968872. [PMID: 36033888 PMCID: PMC9410764 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.968872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis causes alveolar echinococcosis (AE), one of the most lethal helminthic infections in humans. The tumor-like growth and development of the metacestode larvae within host organs are driven by a population of somatic stem cells, the germinative cells, which represent the only proliferative cells in the parasite. Host-derived factors have been shown to promote germinative cell proliferation. Since cells sense the external signal mainly in G1 phase of the cell cycle, host factors are expected to exert impacts on the machinery regulating G1/S phase of the germinative cells, which still remains largely unknown in E. multilocularis. In this study, we described the characterization of two key members of the G1/S phase cell-cycle regulation, EmCyclinD and EmCDK4/6. Our data show that EmCyclinD and EmCDK4/6 display significant sequence similarity to their respective mammalian homologs, and that EmCyclinD interacts with EmCDK4/6, forming a kinase-active complex to activate its substrate Rb1. EmCyclinD was actively expressed in the germinative cells. Addition of human EGF caused an elevated expression of EmCyclinD while inhibition of the EGFR-ERK signaling pathway in the parasite reduced the expression of EmCyclinD and downstream transcriptional factors. Treatment with Palbociclib, a specific CDK4/6 inhibitor, downregulated the expression of cell cycle-related factors and impeded germinative cell proliferation and vesicle formation from protoscoleces. Our data demonstrated that the EmCyclinD-EmCDK4/6 complex participates in the cell cycle regulation of germinative cells which is mediated by host EGF via the EGFR-ERK-EmCyclinD pathway in E. multilocularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonglv Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Zhe Cheng,
| | - Zhijian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huimin Tian
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Damin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yanhai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhai Wang,
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35
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Wijeratne TU, Guiley KZ, Lee HW, Müller GA, Rubin SM. Cyclin-dependent kinase-mediated phosphorylation and the negative regulatory domain of transcription factor B-Myb modulate its DNA binding. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102319. [PMID: 35926712 PMCID: PMC9478404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
B-Myb is a highly conserved member of the vertebrate Myb family of transcription factors that plays a critical role in cell-cycle progression and proliferation. Myb proteins activate Myb-dependent promoters by interacting specifically with Myb-binding site (MBS) sequences using their DNA-binding domain (DBD). Transactivation of MBS promoters by B-Myb is repressed by its negative regulatory domain (NRD), and phosphorylation of the NRD by Cdk2-CyclinA relieves the repression to activate B-Myb–dependent promoters. However, the structural mechanisms underlying autoinhibition and activation of B-Myb–mediated transcription have been poorly characterized. Here, we determined that a region in the B-Myb NRD (residues 510–600) directly associates with the DBD and inhibits binding of the DBD to the MBS DNA sequence. We demonstrate using biophysical assays that phosphorylation of the NRD at T515, T518, and T520 is sufficient to disrupt the interaction between the NRD and the DBD, which results in increased affinity for MBS DNA and increased B-Myb–dependent promoter activation in cell assays. Our biochemical characterization of B-Myb autoregulation and the activating effects of phosphorylation provide insight into how B-Myb functions as a site-specific transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilini U Wijeratne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Keelan Z Guiley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Hsiau-Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Gerd A Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| | - Seth M Rubin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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36
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Kumarasamy V, Nambiar R, Wang J, Rosenheck H, Witkiewicz AK, Knudsen ES. RB loss determines selective resistance and novel vulnerabilities in ER-positive breast cancer models. Oncogene 2022; 41:3524-3538. [PMID: 35676324 PMCID: PMC10680093 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The management of metastatic estrogen receptor (ER) positive HER2 negative breast cancer (ER+) has improved; however, therapeutic resistance and disease progression emerges in majority of cases. Using unbiased approaches, as expected PI3K and MTOR inhibitors emerge as potent inhibitors to delay proliferation of ER+ models harboring PIK3CA mutations. However, the cytostatic efficacy of these drugs is hindered due to marginal impact on the expression of cyclin D1. Different combination approaches involving the inhibition of ER pathway or cell cycle result in durable growth arrest via RB activation and subsequent inhibition of CDK2 activity. However, cell cycle alterations due to RB loss or ectopic CDK4/cyclin D1 activation yields resistance to these cytostatic combination treatments. To define means to counter resistance to targeted therapies imparted with RB loss; complementary drug screens were performed with RB-deleted isogenic cell lines. In this setting, RB loss renders ER+ breast cancer models more vulnerable to drugs that target DNA replication and mitosis. Pairwise combinations using these classes of drugs defines greater selectivity for RB deficiency. The combination of AURK and WEE1 inhibitors, yields synergistic cell death selectively in RB-deleted ER+ breast cancer cells via apoptosis and yields profound disease control in vivo. Through unbiased efforts the XIAP/CIAP inhibitor birinapant was identified as a novel RB-selective agent. Birinapant further enhances the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapies and targeted therapies used in the treatment of ER+ breast cancer models selectively in the RB-deficient setting. Using organoid culture and xenograft models, we demonstrate the highly selective use of birinapant based combinations for the treatment of RB-deficient tumors. Together, these data illustrate the critical role of RB-pathway in response to many agents used to treat ER+ breast cancer, whilst informing new therapeutic approaches that could be deployed against resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Kumarasamy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ram Nambiar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hanna Rosenheck
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Erik S Knudsen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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37
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Abderrahmani A, Jacovetti C, Regazzi R. Lessons from neonatal β-cell epigenomic for diabetes prevention and treatment. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:378-389. [PMID: 35382967 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell expansion and functional maturation during the birth-to-weaning period plays an essential role in the adaptation of plasma insulin levels to metabolic needs. These events are driven by epigenetic programs triggered by growth factors, hormones, and nutrients. These mechanisms operating in the neonatal period can be at least in part reactivated in adult life to increase the functional β-cell mass and face conditions of increased insulin demand such as obesity or pregnancy. In this review, we will highlight the importance of studying these signaling pathways and epigenetic programs to understand the causes of different forms of diabetes and to permit the design of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat this metabolic disorder affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Abderrahmani
- Universitéde Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Cécile Jacovetti
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romano Regazzi
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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38
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Zhou L, Ng DSC, Yam JC, Chen LJ, Tham CC, Pang CP, Chu WK. Post-translational modifications on the retinoblastoma protein. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:33. [PMID: 35650644 PMCID: PMC9161509 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma protein (pRb) functions as a cell cycle regulator controlling G1 to S phase transition and plays critical roles in tumour suppression. It is frequently inactivated in various tumours. The functions of pRb are tightly regulated, where post-translational modifications (PTMs) play crucial roles, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation and methylation. Most PTMs on pRb are reversible and can be detected in non-cancerous cells, playing an important role in cell cycle regulation, cell survival and differentiation. Conversely, altered PTMs on pRb can give rise to anomalies in cell proliferation and tumourigenesis. In this review, we first summarize recent findings pertinent to how individual PTMs impinge on pRb functions. As many of these PTMs on pRb were published as individual articles, we also provide insights on the coordination, either collaborations and/or competitions, of the same or different types of PTMs on pRb. Having a better understanding of how pRb is post-translationally modulated should pave the way for developing novel and specific therapeutic strategies to treat various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbin Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danny Siu-Chun Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason C Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clement C Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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39
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Goetsch PD, Strome S. DREAM interrupted: severing LIN-35-MuvB association in Caenorhabditis elegans impairs DREAM function but not its chromatin localization. Genetics 2022; 221:6584818. [PMID: 35554539 PMCID: PMC9252284 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian pocket protein family, which includes the Retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and Rb-like pocket proteins p107 and p130, regulates entry into and exit from the cell cycle by repressing cell cycle gene expression. Although pRb plays a dominant role in mammalian systems, p107 and p130 are the ancestral pocket proteins. The Rb-like pocket proteins interact with the highly conserved 5-subunit MuvB complex and an E2F-DP transcription factor heterodimer, forming the DREAM (for Dp, Rb-like, E2F, and MuvB) complex. DREAM complex assembly on chromatin culminates in repression of target genes mediated by the MuvB subcomplex. Here, we examined how the Rb-like pocket protein contributes to DREAM formation and function by disrupting the interaction between the sole Caenorhabditis elegans pocket protein LIN-35 and the MuvB subunit LIN-52 using CRISPR/Cas9 targeted mutagenesis. A triple alanine substitution of LIN-52's LxCxE motif severed LIN-35-MuvB association and caused classical DREAM mutant phenotypes, including synthetic multiple vulvae, high-temperature arrest, and ectopic expression of germline genes in the soma. However, RNA-sequencing revealed limited upregulation of DREAM target genes when LIN-35-MuvB association was severed, as compared with gene upregulation following LIN-35 loss. Based on chromatin immunoprecipitation, disrupting LIN-35-MuvB association did not affect the chromatin localization of E2F-DP, LIN-35, or MuvB components. In a previous study, we showed that in worms lacking LIN-35, E2F-DP, and MuvB chromatin occupancy was reduced genome-wide. With LIN-35 present but unable to associate with MuvB, our study suggests that the E2F-DP-LIN-35 interaction promotes E2F-DP's chromatin localization, which we hypothesize supports MuvB chromatin occupancy indirectly through DNA. Altogether, this study highlights how the pocket protein's association with MuvB supports DREAM function but is not required for DREAM's chromatin occupancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Goetsch
- Corresponding author: Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, 740 Dow ESE building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Susan Strome
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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40
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Evidence of cell cycle re-entry in post-mitotic, terminally differentiated feline neurons. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:193-198. [PMID: 35551458 PMCID: PMC9338102 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Parvovirus infections in dogs and cats are restricted to highly mitotically active tissues, predominantly to the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract and, in cases of prenatal infections in cats, also to Purkinje cell neuroblasts. The evidence of parvovirus-infected mature feline neurons gave rise to reconsider the dogma of post-mitotically fixed and terminally differentiated neurons in the adult central nervous system. To elucidate the postulated capability of certain terminally differentiated feline neurons to re-enter the cell cycle, immunohistochemical double labeling using the transcription factor Sox2 and the tumor suppressor and cell cycle regulator retinoblastoma protein in its phosphorylated state (pRb) was performed. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded brain tissue negative for parvovirus-antigen from 14 cats was compared to brain tissue from 13 cats with immunohistochemically confirmed cerebral parvovirus infection; the 27 cats were aged between 50 days of gestation (E50) and 5 years. Both groups revealed nuclear Sox2 and pRb immunosignals in numerous neurons, suggesting a more active state than mature neurons should have. Accordingly, parvovirus is not exclusively involved in the reactivation of the cell cycle machinery in those post-mitotic, terminally differentiated feline neurons.
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41
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Witkiewicz AK, Kumarasamy V, Sanidas I, Knudsen ES. Cancer cell cycle dystopia: heterogeneity, plasticity, and therapy. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:711-725. [PMID: 35599231 PMCID: PMC9388619 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian cell cycle has been extensively studied regarding cancer etiology, progression, and therapeutic intervention. The canonical cell cycle framework is supported by a plethora of data pointing to a relatively simple linear pathway in which mitogenic signals are integrated in a stepwise fashion to allow progression through G1/S with coordinate actions of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)4/6 and CDK2 on the RB tumor suppressor. Recent work on adaptive mechanisms and intrinsic heterogeneous dependencies indicates that G1/S control of the cell cycle is a variable signaling pathway rather than an invariant engine that drives cell division. These alterations can limit the effectiveness of pharmaceutical agents but provide new avenues for therapeutic interventions. These findings support a dystopian view of the cell cycle in cancer where the canonical utopian cell cycle is often not observed. However, recognizing the extent of cell cycle heterogeneity likely creates new opportunities for precision therapeutic approaches specifically targeting these states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
| | - Vishnu Kumarasamy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Ioannis Sanidas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Erik S Knudsen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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42
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Zhang Z, Golomb L, Meyerson M. Functional genomic analysis of CDK4 and CDK6 gene dependency across human cancer cell lines. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2171-2184. [PMID: 35395071 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) are key cell cycle regulators that are frequently dysregulated in human malignancies. CDK4/6 inhibitors are clinically approved for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer, but improved specificity and reduced toxicity might expand their use to other indications. Through analysis of publicly available genome-wide loss-of-function data combined with single and dual-targeting CRISPR assays, we found differential cell proliferation vulnerability of cell lines to either CDK4 deletion alone, CDK6 deletion alone, combined CDK4/CDK6 deletion, or neither. CDK6 expression was the best single predictor of CDK4 (negatively correlated) and CDK6 (positively correlated) dependencies in the cancer cell lines, with adenocarcinoma cell lines being more sensitive to CDK4 deletion and hematologic and squamous cancer cell lines being more sensitive to CDK6 deletion. RB-E2F signaling was confirmed as a main downstream node of CDK4/6 in these experiments as shown by the survival effects of RB1 deletion. Finally, we show in a subset of cancer cell lines not dependent on CDK4/6 that CDK2-CCNE1 is an important alternative dependency for cell proliferation. Together, our comprehensive data exploration and functional experiments delineate the landscape of pan-cancer CDK4/6 gene dependencies and define unique cancer cell populations that might be sensitive to CDK4-selective or CDK6-selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lior Golomb
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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43
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Lim AL, Moos P, Pond CD, Larson EC, Martins LJ, Szaniawski MA, Planelles V, Barrows LR. HIV-1 provirus transcription and translation in macrophages differs from pre-integrated cDNA complexes and requires E2F transcriptional programs. Virulence 2022; 13:386-413. [PMID: 35166645 PMCID: PMC8855869 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2031583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 cDNA pre-integration complexes persist for weeks in macrophages and remain transcriptionally active. While previous work has focused on the transcription of HIV-1 genes; our understanding of the cellular milieu that accompanies viral production is incomplete. We have used an in vitro system to model HIV-1 infection of macrophages, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to compare the transcriptomes of uninfected cells, cells harboring pre-integration complexes (PIC), and those containing integrated provirus and making late HIV proteins. scRNA-seq can distinguish between provirus and PIC cells because their background transcriptomes vary dramatically. PIC cell transcriptomes are characterized by NFkB and AP-1 promoted transcription, while transcriptomes of cells transcribing from provirus are characterized by E2F family transcription products. We also find that the transcriptomes of PIC cells and Bystander cells (defined as cells not producing any HIV transcript and thus presumably not infected) are indistinguishable except for the presence of HIV-1 transcripts. Furthermore, the presence of pathogen alters the transcriptome of the uninfected Bystander cells, so that they are distinguishable from true control cells (cells not exposed to any pathogen). Therefore, a single cell comparison of transcriptomes from provirus and PIC cells provides a new understanding of the transcriptional changes that accompany HIV-1 integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albebson L Lim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Philip Moos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Christopher D Pond
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Erica C Larson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura J Martins
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Vicente Planelles
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Louis R Barrows
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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44
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Jiang Z, Li H, Schroer SA, Voisin V, Ju Y, Pacal M, Erdmann N, Shi W, Chung PED, Deng T, Chen NJ, Ciavarra G, Datti A, Mak TW, Harrington L, Dick FA, Bader GD, Bremner R, Woo M, Zacksenhaus E. Hypophosphorylated pRb knock-in mice exhibit hallmarks of aging and vitamin C-preventable diabetes. EMBO J 2022; 41:e106825. [PMID: 35023164 PMCID: PMC8844977 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive analysis of pRB phosphorylation in vitro, how this modification influences development and homeostasis in vivo is unclear. Here, we show that homozygous Rb∆K4 and Rb∆K7 knock‐in mice, in which either four or all seven phosphorylation sites in the C‐terminal region of pRb, respectively, have been abolished by Ser/Thr‐to‐Ala substitutions, undergo normal embryogenesis and early development, notwithstanding suppressed phosphorylation of additional upstream sites. Whereas Rb∆K4 mice exhibit telomere attrition but no other abnormalities, Rb∆K7 mice are smaller and display additional hallmarks of premature aging including infertility, kyphosis, and diabetes, indicating an accumulative effect of blocking pRb phosphorylation. Diabetes in Rb∆K7 mice is insulin‐sensitive and associated with failure of quiescent pancreatic β‐cells to re‐enter the cell cycle in response to mitogens, resulting in induction of DNA damage response (DDR), senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and reduced pancreatic islet mass and circulating insulin level. Pre‐treatment with the epigenetic regulator vitamin C reduces DDR, increases cell cycle re‐entry, improves islet morphology, and attenuates diabetes. These results have direct implications for cell cycle regulation, CDK‐inhibitor therapeutics, diabetes, and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jiang
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Huiqin Li
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Schroer
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Veronique Voisin
- The Donnelly Centre, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - YoungJun Ju
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marek Pacal
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute - Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Erdmann
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Shi
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philip E D Chung
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tao Deng
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nien-Jung Chen
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giovanni Ciavarra
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alessandro Datti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Network Biology Collaborative Centre, SMART Laboratory for High-Throughput Screening Programs, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lea Harrington
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frederick A Dick
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- The Donnelly Centre, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rod Bremner
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute - Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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45
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RB depletion is required for the continuous growth of tumors initiated by loss of RB. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009941. [PMID: 34879057 PMCID: PMC8654178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor is functionally inactivated in a wide range of human tumors where this inactivation promotes tumorigenesis in part by allowing uncontrolled proliferation. RB has been extensively studied, but its mechanisms of action in normal and cancer cells remain only partly understood. Here, we describe a new mouse model to investigate the consequences of RB depletion and its re-activation in vivo. In these mice, induction of shRNA molecules targeting RB for knock-down results in the development of phenotypes similar to Rb knock-out mice, including the development of pituitary and thyroid tumors. Re-expression of RB leads to cell cycle arrest in cancer cells and repression of transcriptional programs driven by E2F activity. Thus, continuous RB loss is required for the maintenance of tumor phenotypes initiated by loss of RB, and this new mouse model will provide a new platform to investigate RB function in vivo.
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46
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Hayashi-Takanaka Y, Hayashi Y, Hirano Y, Miyawaki-Kuwakado A, Ohkawa Y, Obuse C, Kimura H, Haraguchi T, Hiraoka Y. Chromatin loading of MCM hexamers is associated with di-/tri-methylation of histone H4K20 toward S phase entry. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:12152-12166. [PMID: 34817054 PMCID: PMC8643670 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is a key step in initiating cell proliferation. Loading hexameric complexes of minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase onto DNA replication origins during the G1 phase is essential for initiating DNA replication. Here, we examined MCM hexamer states during the cell cycle in human hTERT-RPE1 cells using multicolor immunofluorescence-based, single-cell plot analysis, and biochemical size fractionation. Experiments involving cell-cycle arrest at the G1 phase and release from the arrest revealed that a double MCM hexamer was formed via a single hexamer during G1 progression. A single MCM hexamer was recruited to chromatin in the early G1 phase. Another single hexamer was recruited to form a double hexamer in the late G1 phase. We further examined relationship between the MCM hexamer states and the methylation levels at lysine 20 of histone H4 (H4K20) and found that the double MCM hexamer state was correlated with di/trimethyl-H4K20 (H4K20me2/3). Inhibiting the conversion from monomethyl-H4K20 (H4K20me1) to H4K20me2/3 retained the cells in the single MCM hexamer state. Non-proliferative cells, including confluent cells or Cdk4/6 inhibitor-treated cells, also remained halted in the single MCM hexamer state. We propose that the single MCM hexamer state is a halting step in the determination of cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Hayashi-Takanaka
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hayashi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hirano
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsuko Miyawaki-Kuwakado
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chikashi Obuse
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tokuko Haraguchi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hiraoka
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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47
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Elevated ATGL in colon cancer cells and cancer stem cells promotes metabolic and tumorigenic reprogramming reinforced by obesity. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:82. [PMID: 34845203 PMCID: PMC8630180 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic associated with increased risk and progression of colon cancer. Here, we aimed to determine the role of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), responsible for intracellular lipid droplet (LD) utilization, in obesity-driven colonic tumorigenesis. In local colon cancer patients, significantly increased ATGL levels in tumor tissue, compared to controls, were augmented in obese individuals. Elevated ATGL levels in human colon cancer cells (CCC) relative to non-transformed were augmented by an obesity mediator, oleic acid (OA). In CCC and colonospheres, enriched in colon cancer stem cells (CCSC), inhibition of ATGL prevented LDs utilization and inhibited OA-stimulated growth through retinoblastoma-mediated cell cycle arrest. Further, transcriptomic analysis of CCC, with inhibited ATGL, revealed targeted pathways driving tumorigenesis, and high-fat-diet obesity facilitated tumorigenic pathways. Inhibition of ATGL in colonospheres revealed targeted pathways in human colonic tumor crypt base cells (enriched in CCSC) derived from colon cancer patients. In CCC and colonospheres, we validated selected transcripts targeted by ATGL inhibition, some with emerging roles in colonic tumorigeneses (ATG2B, PCK2, PGAM1, SPTLC2, IGFBP1, and ABCC3) and others with established roles (MYC and MUC2). These findings demonstrate obesity-promoted, ATGL-mediated colonic tumorigenesis and establish the therapeutic significance of ATGL in obesity-reinforced colon cancer progression.
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48
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Sinclair WD, Cui X. The Effects of HER2 on CDK4/6 Activity in Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2021; 22:e278-e285. [PMID: 34607757 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CDK4/6 inhibitors have been used to treat hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. Their benefit in HER2-positive breast cancer has not been determined yet. In this study, we investigated the effects of HER2 on CDK4/6 activity by assessing the level of downstream phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRb) in HER2-positive breast cancer (HER2 positivity is defined by immunohistochemical study or FISH, regardless of ER status) to determine if these cases may be responsive to CDK4/6 inhibitors. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and thirty cases of breast biopsies with invasive carcinoma were collected, including 77 cases of HER2+ (39 cases of ER +PR±HER2+ and 38 cases of ER-PR-HER2+) and 53 cases of HER2- (ER-PR-HER2-) breast cancer. Immunohistochemical study of pRb was performed and the pRb level was assessed by H-score (intensity x percentage of positive cells). RESULTS The pRb H-score ranges from 3 to 270. The average H-scores for the ER-PR-HER2+, ER+PR±HER2+ and ER-PR-HER2- groups are 115.8 ± 75.8, 93.1 ± 68.6 and 63.1 ± 65.6, respectively. By comparison, HER2+ cases have significantly higher pRb levels than HER2- cases (P = .001). Among HER2+ cases, there was a trend of positive correlation between the HER2 gene copy number, and the pRb level although not statistically significant (r = 0.192, 95% CI, [-0.033, 0.399], P = .09). CONCLUSION In breast cancer, HER2 positivity leads to significantly higher levels of CDK4/6 activity as reflexed by pRb. Breast cancer that is positive for HER2 may respond to CDK4/6 inhibitors and pRb may potentially be used as a biomarker to predict the responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Sinclair
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, 43210, OH
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, 44195, OH.
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49
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Puzanov GA, Senchenko VN. SCP Phosphatases and Oncogenesis. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Liu W, Xie L, He YH, Wu ZY, Liu LX, Bai XF, Deng DX, Xu XE, Liao LD, Lin W, Heng JH, Xu X, Peng L, Huang QF, Li CY, Zhang ZD, Wang W, Zhang GR, Gao X, Wang SH, Li CQ, Xu LY, Liu W, Li EM. Large-scale and high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomics profiling defines molecular subtypes of esophageal cancer for therapeutic targeting. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4961. [PMID: 34400640 PMCID: PMC8368010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a type of aggressive cancer without clinically relevant molecular subtypes, hindering the development of effective strategies for treatment. To define molecular subtypes of EC, we perform mass spectrometry-based proteomic and phosphoproteomics profiling of EC tumors and adjacent non-tumor tissues, revealing a catalog of proteins and phosphosites that are dysregulated in ECs. The EC cohort is stratified into two molecular subtypes-S1 and S2-based on proteomic analysis, with the S2 subtype characterized by the upregulation of spliceosomal and ribosomal proteins, and being more aggressive. Moreover, we identify a subtype signature composed of ELOA and SCAF4, and construct a subtype diagnostic and prognostic model. Potential drugs are predicted for treating patients of S2 subtype, and three candidate drugs are validated to inhibit EC. Taken together, our proteomic analysis define molecular subtypes of EC, thus providing a potential therapeutic outlook for improving disease outcomes in patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- College of Science, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao-Hui He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wu
- Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu-Xin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Feng Bai
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dan-Xia Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiu-E Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lian-Di Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Hua Heng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liu Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing-Feng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Da Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Science, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guo-Rui Zhang
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shao-Hong Wang
- Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Quan Li
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - En-Min Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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