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Chittum JE, Thompson A, Desai UR. Glycosaminoglycan microarrays for studying glycosaminoglycan-protein systems. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 335:122106. [PMID: 38616080 PMCID: PMC11032185 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
More than 3000 proteins are now known to bind to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Yet, GAG-protein systems are rather poorly understood in terms of selectivity of recognition, molecular mechanism of action, and translational promise. High-throughput screening (HTS) technologies are critically needed for studying GAG biology and developing GAG-based therapeutics. Microarrays, developed within the past two decades, have now improved to the point of being the preferred tool in the HTS of biomolecules. GAG microarrays, in which GAG sequences are immobilized on slides, while similar to other microarrays, have their own sets of challenges and considerations. GAG microarrays are rapidly becoming the first choice in studying GAG-protein systems. Here, we review different modalities and applications of GAG microarrays presented to date. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of this technology, explain covalent and non-covalent immobilization strategies using different chemically reactive groups, and present various assay formats for qualitative and quantitative interpretations, including selectivity screening, binding affinity studies, competitive binding studies etc. We also highlight recent advances in implementing this technology, cataloging of data, and project its future promise. Overall, the technology of GAG microarray exhibits enormous potential of evolving into more than a mere screening tool for studying GAG - protein systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Chittum
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, United States of America
| | - Ally Thompson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, United States of America
| | - Umesh R Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, United States of America.
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2
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Shen H, Zhang C, Li S, Liang Y, Lee LT, Aggarwal N, Wun KS, Liu J, Nadarajan SP, Weng C, Ling H, Tay JK, Wang DY, Yao SQ, Hwang IY, Lee YS, Chang MW. Prodrug-conjugated tumor-seeking commensals for targeted cancer therapy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4343. [PMID: 38773197 PMCID: PMC11109227 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Prodrugs have been explored as an alternative to conventional chemotherapy; however, their target specificity remains limited. The tumor microenvironment harbors a range of microorganisms that potentially serve as tumor-targeting vectors for delivering prodrugs. In this study, we harness bacteria-cancer interactions native to the tumor microbiome to achieve high target specificity for prodrug delivery. We identify an oral commensal strain of Lactobacillus plantarum with an intrinsic cancer-binding mechanism and engineer the strain to enable the surface loading of anticancer prodrugs, with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) as a model cancer. The engineered commensals show specific binding to NPC via OppA-mediated recognition of surface heparan sulfate, and the loaded prodrugs are activated by tumor-associated biosignals to release SN-38, a chemotherapy compound, near NPC. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the prodrug-loaded microbes significantly increase the potency of SN-38 against NPC cell lines, up to 10-fold. In a mouse xenograft model, intravenous injection of the engineered L. plantarum leads to bacterial colonization in NPC tumors and a 67% inhibition in tumor growth, enhancing the efficacy of SN-38 by 54%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haosheng Shen
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Engineering Biology (NCEB), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Changyu Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shengjie Li
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanmei Liang
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Engineering Biology (NCEB), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Ting Lee
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Engineering Biology (NCEB), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nikhil Aggarwal
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Engineering Biology (NCEB), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwok Soon Wun
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Engineering Biology (NCEB), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saravanan Prabhu Nadarajan
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Weng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hua Ling
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Wilmar International Limited, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua K Tay
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - In Young Hwang
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Food, Chemical and Biotechnology, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- National Centre for Engineering Biology (NCEB), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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3
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Petersen SI, Okolicsanyi RK, Haupt LM. Exploring Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Mediators of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Neurogenesis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:30. [PMID: 38546765 PMCID: PMC10978659 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are major public health issues worldwide, with over 38 million people living with AD and approximately 48 million people (27-69 million) experiencing TBI annually. Neurodegenerative conditions are characterised by the accumulation of neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ) and microtubule-associated protein Tau (Tau) with current treatments focused on managing symptoms rather than addressing the underlying cause. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are a diverse family of macromolecules that interact with various proteins and ligands and promote neurogenesis, a process where new neural cells are formed from stem cells. The syndecan (SDC) and glypican (GPC) HSPGs have been implicated in AD pathogenesis, acting as drivers of disease, as well as potential therapeutic targets. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) provide an attractive therapeutic option for studying and potentially treating neurodegenerative diseases due to their relative ease of isolation and subsequent extensive in vitro expansive potential. Understanding how HSPGs regulate protein aggregation, a key feature of neurodegenerative disorders, is essential to unravelling the underlying disease processes of AD and TBI, as well as any link between these two neurological disorders. Further research may validate HSPG, specifically SDCs or GPCs, use as neurodegenerative disease targets, either via driving hMSC stem cell therapy or direct targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia I Petersen
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Rachel K Okolicsanyi
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre for the Materials Sciences of Extracellular Matrices, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Australia.
- Max Planck Queensland Centre for the Materials Sciences of Extracellular Matrices, Kelvin Grove, Australia.
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Han M, Zhu H, Chen X, Luo X. 6-O-endosulfatases in tumor metastasis: heparan sulfate proteoglycans modification and potential therapeutic targets. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:897-916. [PMID: 38455409 PMCID: PMC10915330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality. Although advances in the targeted treatment and immunotherapy have improved the management of some cancers, the prognosis of metastatic cancers remains unsatisfied. Therefore, the specific mechanisms in tumor metastasis need further investigation. 6-O-endosulfatases (SULFs), comprising sulfatase1 (SULF1) and sulfatase 2 (SULF2), play pivotal roles in the post-synthetic modifications of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Consequently, these extracellular enzymes can regulate a variety of downstream pathways by modulating HSPGs function. During the past decades, researchers have detected the expression of SULF1 and SULF2 in most cancers and revealed their roles in tumor progression and metastasis. Herein we reviewed the metastasis steps which SULFs participated in, elucidated the specific roles and mechanisms of SULFs in metastasis process, and discussed the effects of SULFs in different types of cancers. Moreover, we summarized the role of targeting SULFs in combination therapy to treat metastatic cancers, which provided some novel strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Han
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary DiseasesWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - He Zhu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary DiseasesWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary DiseasesWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary DiseasesWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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5
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Xu CL, Zhu CY, Li YN, Gao J, Zhang YW. Heparinase III with High Activity and Stability: Heterologous Expression, Biochemical Characterization, and Application in Depolymerization of Heparin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3045-3054. [PMID: 38307881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
A novel heparinase III from Pedobacter schmidteae (PsHep-III) with high activity and good stability was successfully cloned, expressed, and characterized. PsHep-III displayed the highest specific activity ever reported of 192.8 U mg-1 using heparin as the substrate. It was stable at 25 °C with a half-life of 323 h in an aqueous solution. PsHep-III was employed for the depolymerization of heparin, and the enzymatic hydrolyzed products were analyzed with gel permeation chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. PsHep-III can break glycosidic bonds in heparin like →4]GlcNAc/GlcNAc6S/GlcNS/GlcNS6S/GlcN/GlcN6S(1 → 4)ΔUA/ΔUA2S[1 → and efficiently digest heparin into seven disaccharides including N-acetylated, N-sulfated, and N-unsubstituted modification, with molecular masses of 503, 605, 563, 563, 665, 360, and 563 Da, respectively. These results indicated that PsHep-III with broad substrate specificity could be combined with heparinase I to overcome the low selectivity at the N-acetylated modification binding sites of heparinase I. This work will contribute to the application of PsHep-III for characterizing heparin and producing low-molecular-weight heparin effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Lu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Yuan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Nan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Gao
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Wang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
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Ji X, Zhu R, Gao C, Xie H, Gong X, Luo J. Hypoxia-Derived Exosomes Promote Lung Adenocarcinoma by Regulating HS3ST1-GPC4-Mediated Glycolysis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:695. [PMID: 38398086 PMCID: PMC10886556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is often delayed due to the typically asymptomatic nature of the early-stage disease, causing advanced-stage LUAD diagnosis in most patients. Hypoxia is widely recognized as a driving force in cancer progression. Exosomes originating from hypoxic tumor cells promote tumorigenesis by influencing glycolysis, migration, invasion, and immune infiltration. Given these insights, our study aimed to explore the role of hypoxia-derived exosomal long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) OIP5-AS1 in LUAD cell lines and mouse models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Exosomes were meticulously isolated and authenticated based on their morphology and biomarkers. The interaction between heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 1 (HS3ST1) and Glypican 4 (GPC4) was examined using immunoprecipitation. The influence of the hypoxia-derived exosomal lncRNA OIP5-AS1 on glycolysis was assessed in LUAD cell lines. The effect of the hypoxia-derived exosomal lncRNA OIP5-AS1 on cell proliferation and metastasis was evaluated using colony formation, cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis analyses. Its effects on tumor size were confirmed in xenograft animal models. RESULTS Our study revealed the mechanism of the hypoxia-derived exosomal lncRNA OIP5-AS1 in LUAD progression. We discovered that GPC4 promotes HS3ST1-mediated glycolysis and that the hypoxia-derived exosomal lncRNA OIP5-AS1 enhances glycolysis by regulating miR-200c-3p in LUAD cells. Notably, this lncRNA stimulates LUAD cell proliferation and metastasis and fosters LUAD tumor size via miR-200c-3p. Our findings underscore the potential role of the hypoxia-derived exosomal lncRNA OIP5-AS1 in LUAD progression. CONCLUSIONS The hypoxia-derived exosomal lncRNA OIP5-AS1 promotes LUAD by regulating HS3ST1-GPC4-mediated glycolysis via miR-200c-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxiu Ji
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ren Zhu
- Department of Medical Administration, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Caixia Gao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huikang Xie
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaomei Gong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Chen J, Zhou L, Zhao Q, Qi Z. A New Cell Model Overexpressing sTGFBR3 for Studying Alzheimer's Disease In vitro. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:552-563. [PMID: 38362698 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128278324240115104615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that abnormal microglial hyperactivation has an important role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). sTGFBR3 (a shed extracellular domain of the transforming growth factor type III receptor) is a newly identified target of microglia polarization dysregulation, whose overexpression can cause abnormal accumulation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), promoting Aβ, tau, and neuroinflammatory pathology. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to develop and validate a new cell model overexpressing sTGFBR3 for studying AD in vitro. METHODS BV2 cells (a microglial cell derived from C57/BL6 murine) were used as a cell model. Cells were then treated with different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0, 1, or 0.3 μg/mL) for 12, 24, or 48h and then with or without sodium pervanadate (100 μM) for 30 min. Next, the effect surface optimization method was used to determine optimal experimental conditions. Finally, the optimized model was used to assess the effect of ZQX series compounds and vasicine on cell viability and protein expression. Expression of TGFBR3 and TNF-α was assessed using Western blot. MTT assay was used to assess cell viability, and enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to evaluate extracellular TGF-β1 and sTGFBR3. RESULTS LPS (0.3 μg/mL) treatment for 11 h at a cell density of 60% and pervanadate concentration (100 μM) incubation for 30 min were the optimal experimental conditions for increasing membrane protein TGFBR3 overexpression, as well as extracellular sTGFBR3 and TGF-β1. Applying ZQX-5 and vasicine reversed this process by reducing extracellular TGF-β1, promoting the phosphorylation of Smad2/3, a protein downstream of TGF-β1, and inhibiting the release of the inflammatory factor TNF-α. CONCLUSION This new in vitro model may be a useful cell model for studying Alzheimer's disease in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxia Chen
- General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Bei Fang Hospital of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Bei Fang Hospital of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Bei Fang Hospital of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhentong Qi
- General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Bei Fang Hospital of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Gou L, Yang G, Ma S, Ding T, Sun L, Liu F, Huang J, Gao W. Galectin-14 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma tumor growth via enhancing heparan sulfate proteoglycan modification. J Biomed Res 2023; 37:418-430. [PMID: 37977559 PMCID: PMC10687530 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20230085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy and lacks effective treatment. Bulk-sequencing of different gene transcripts by comparing HCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues provides some clues for investigating the mechanisms or identifying potential targets for tumor progression. However, genes that are exclusively expressed in a subpopulation of HCC may not be enriched or detected through such a screening. In the current study, we performed a single cell-clone-based screening and identified galectin-14 as an essential molecule in the regulation of tumor growth. The aberrant expression of galectin-14 was significantly associated with a poor overall survival of liver cancer patients with database analysis. Knocking down galectin-14 inhibited the proliferation of tumor growth, whereas overexpressing galectin-14 promoted tumor growth in vivo. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis indicated that knocking down galectin-14 decreased glycometabolism; specifically that glycoside synthesis was significantly changed. Further study found that galectin-14 promoted the expression of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) that functioned as co-receptors, thereby increasing the responsiveness of HCC cells to growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha. In conclusion, the current study identifies a novel HCC-specific molecule galectin-14, which increases the expression of cell surface HSPGs and the uptake of growth factors to promote HCC cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Gou
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Core Laboratory, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Sujuan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Tong Ding
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Luan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
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Mukherjee P, Zhou X, Benicky J, Panigrahi A, Aljuhani R, Liu J, Ailles L, Pomin VH, Wang Z, Goldman R. Heparan-6- O-Endosulfatase 2 Promotes Invasiveness of Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma Cell Lines in Co-Cultures with Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5168. [PMID: 37958342 PMCID: PMC10650326 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Local invasiveness of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a complex phenomenon supported by interaction of the cancer cells with the tumor microenvironment (TME). We and others have shown that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a component of the TME that can promote local invasion in HNSCC and other cancers. Here we report that the secretory enzyme heparan-6-O-endosulfatase 2 (Sulf-2) directly affects the CAF-supported invasion of the HNSCC cell lines SCC35 and Cal33 into Matrigel. The Sulf-2 knockout (KO) cells differ from their wild type counterparts in their spheroid growth and formation, and the Sulf-2-KO leads to decreased invasion in a spheroid co-culture model with the CAF. Next, we investigated whether a fucosylated chondroitin sulfate isolated from the sea cucumber Holothuria floridana (HfFucCS) affects the activity of the Sulf-2 enzyme. Our results show that HfFucCS not only efficiently inhibits the Sulf-2 enzymatic activity but, like the Sulf-2 knockout, inhibits Matrigel invasion of SCC35 and Cal33 cells co-cultured with primary HNSCC CAF. These findings suggest that the heparan-6-O-endosulfatases regulate local invasion and could be therapeutically targeted with the inhibitory activity of a marine glycosaminoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Mukherjee
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (P.M.); (X.Z.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (P.M.); (X.Z.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Biotechnology Program, Northern Virginia Community College, Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Julius Benicky
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (P.M.); (X.Z.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Aswini Panigrahi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (P.M.); (X.Z.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Reem Aljuhani
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Laurie Ailles
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada;
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Vitor H. Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Zhangjie Wang
- Glycan Therapeutics, LLC, 617 Hutton Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;
| | - Radoslav Goldman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (P.M.); (X.Z.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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10
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Guo P, Li H, Wang X, Li X, Li X. PG545 Prevents Osteoarthritis Development by Regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling and Activating Chondrocyte Autophagy. Pharmacology 2023; 108:576-588. [PMID: 37820587 DOI: 10.1159/000532078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease common in the elderly and is characterized by joint pain, swelling, and restricted movement. In recent years, heparanase has been reported to play an important role in the development of osteoarthritic cartilage. PG545 is a heparan sulfate mimetic with heparanase inhibitory activity. In this study, the therapeutic effects and possible mechanisms of PG545 were investigated in a chondrocyte injury model induced by interleukin-1β (IL -1β). METHODS Following treatment with PG545 or the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), chondrocyte viability was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 and fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide double staining. The apoptosis rate of chondrocytes was determined by flow cytometry. Expression of light chain 3 and P62 was monitored by immunofluorescence labeling. Western blot, lentivirus infection with red fluorescent protein and green fluorescent protein, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to determine the expression levels of chondrocyte markers, apoptosis-related factors, autophagy proteins, and key proteins of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. The expression and activity of stress-specific enzymes such as malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase (CAT) were investigated. Chondrocytes with ATG5 knockdown were used to investigate the relationship between the therapeutic effect of PG545 and autophagy. The therapeutic effect of PG545 was verified in vivo. RESULTS PG545 had a significant protective effect on chondrocytes by reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and degradation of chondrocytes and increasing chondrocyte proliferation. PG545 was effective in inducing autophagy in IL-1β-treated cells, while 3-MA attenuated the effect. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway may be involved in the promotion of autophagy and OA treatment by PG545. CONCLUSION PG545 was able to restore impaired autophagy and autophagic flux via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, thereby delaying the progression of OA, suggesting that PG545 may be a novel therapeutic approach for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Sport Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xingguo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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11
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Manouchehri JM, Marcho L, Cherian MA. Sulfatase 2 Inhibition Sensitizes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy Through Augmentation of Extracellular ATP. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.15.557965. [PMID: 37745565 PMCID: PMC10516004 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.15.557965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Patients diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have limited therapeutic options that produce durable responses. Hence, a diagnosis of TNBC is associated with a poor prognosis compared to other types of breast cancer. As a result, there is a critical need for novel therapies that can deepen and prolong responses.We previously found that chemotherapy causes the release of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP). Augmenting eATP release can boost the response of TNBC cells to chemotherapy and cause increased cell death. However, eATP concentrations are limited by several families of extracellular ATPases, which complicates the design of compounds that attenuate eATP degradation.In this study, we hypothesized that heparan sulfate (HS) would inhibit extracellular ATPases and accentuate chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity in TNBC by augmenting eATP. HS can be desulfated by sulfatase 1 and 2; sulfatase 2 is consistently highly expressed in a variety of cancers including breast cancer, whereas sulfatase 1 is not. We hypothesized that the sulfatase 2 inhibitor OKN-007 would exacerbate chemotherapy-induced eATP release and TNBC cell death. Methods TNBC cell lines and nontumorigenic immortal mammary epithelial cells were treated with paclitaxel in the presence of heparan sodium sulfate and/or OKN-007; eATP content and cell viability were evaluated. In addition, protein and cell surface expression of sulfatases 1 and 2 were determined in all examined cell lines via ELISA, Western blot, and flow cytometry analyses. Results Sulfatase 2 was highly expressed in TNBC cell lines and human breast cancer samples but not in immortal mammary epithelial cells and much less so in normal human breast tissue and ductal carcinoma in situ samples. OKN-007 exacerbated chemotherapy-induced eATP release and chemotherapy-induced TNBC cell death. When combined with chemotherapy, OKN-007 attenuated cells with a cancer-initiating cell phenotype. Conclusions These results suggest that sulfatase 2 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy attenuate the viability of TNBC cells more than chemotherapy alone by exacerbating eATP release. These effects, as well as their capacity to attenuate the cancer-initiating cell fraction, may translate into combination therapies for TNBC that induce deeper and more durable responses.
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12
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Manouchehri JM, Marcho L, Cherian MA. The role of heparan sulfate in enhancing the chemotherapeutic response in triple-negative breast cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.08.556819. [PMID: 37745355 PMCID: PMC10515779 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.08.556819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Among women worldwide, breast cancer has the highest incidence and is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Patients with the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype have an inferior prognosis in comparison to other breast cancers because current therapies do not facilitate long-lasting responses. Thus, there is a demand for more innovative therapies that induce durable responses.In our previous research, we discovered that augmenting the concentration of extracellular ATP (eATP) greatly enhances the chemotherapeutic response of TNBC cell lines by activating purinergic receptors (P2RXs), leading to cell death through the induction of non-selective membrane permeability. However, eATP levels are limited by several classes of extracellular ATPases. One endogenous molecule of interest that can inhibit multiple classes of extracellular ATPases is heparan sulfate. Polysulfated polysaccharide heparan sulfate itself is degraded by heparanase, an enzyme that is known to be highly expressed in various cancers, including breast cancer. Heparan sulfate has previously been shown to regulate several cancer-related processes such as fibroblast growth factor signaling, neoangiogenesis by sequestering vascular endothelial growth factors in the extracellular matrix, hedgehog signaling and cell adhesion. In this project, we identified an additional mechanism for a tumor suppressor role of heparan sulfate: inhibition of extracellular ATPases, leading to augmented levels of eATP.Several heparanase inhibitors have been previously identified, including OGT 2115, suramin, PI-88, and PG 545. We hypothesized that heparanase inhibitors would augment eATP concentrations in TNBC by increasing heparan sulfate in the tumor microenvironment, resulting in enhanced cell death in response to chemotherapy. Methods We treated TNBC cell lines MDA-MB 231, Hs 578t, and MDA-MB 468 and non-tumorigenic immortal mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells with increasing concentrations of the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel in the presence of heparan sulfate and/or the heparanase inhibitor OGT 2115 while analyzing eATP release and cell viability. Moreover, to verify that the effects of OGT 2115 are mediated through eATP, we applied specific antagonists to the purinergic receptors P2RX4 and P2RX7. In addition, the protein expression of heparanase was compared in the cell lines by Western blot analysis. We also evaluated the consequences of this therapeutic strategy on the breast cancer-initiating cell population in the treated cells using flow cytometry and tumorsphere formation efficiency assays. Results Heparanase was found to be highly expressed in immortal mammary epithelial cells in comparison to TNBC cell lines. The heparanase inhibitor OGT 2115 augmented chemotherapy-induced TNBC cell death and eATP release. Conclusion These results demonstrate that inhibiting the degradation of heparan sulfate in the tumor microenvironment augments the susceptibility of TNBC cell lines to chemotherapy by increasing extracellular ATP concentrations. This strategy could potentially be applied to induce more enhanced and enduring responses in TNBC patients.
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13
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Wen J, Yi L, Wan L, Dong X. Prognostic value of GLCE and infiltrating immune cells in Ewing sarcoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19357. [PMID: 37662777 PMCID: PMC10474439 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase (GLCE) and mast cell infiltration in Ewing sarcoma (ES) has not been well specified and highlighted, which may facilitate survival prediction and treatment. Methods Several qualified datasets were downloaded from the GEO website. Common differentially expressed genes between normal subjects and ES patients in GSE17679, GSE45544, and GSE68776 were identified and screened by multiple algorithms to find hub genes with prognostic value. The prognostic value of 64 infiltrating cells was also explored. A prognostic model was established and then validated with GSE63155 and GSE63156. Finally, functional analysis was performed. Results GLCE and mast cell infiltration were screened as two indicators for a prognostic model. The Kaplan‒Meier analysis showed that patients in the low GLCE expression, mast cell infiltration and risk score groups had poorer outcomes than patients in the high GLCE expression, mast cell infiltration and risk score groups, both in the training and validation sets. Scatter plots and heatmaps also indicated the same results. The concordance indices and calibration analyses indicated a high prediction accuracy of the model in the training and validation sets. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analyses suggested high sensitivity and specificity of the model, with area under the curve values between 0.76 and 0.98. The decision curve analyses suggested a significantly higher net benefit by the model than the treat-all and treat-none strategies. Functional analyses suggested that glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis-heparan sulfate/heparin, the cell cycle and microRNAs in cancer were upregulated in ES patients. Conclusions GLCE and mast cell infiltration are potential prognostic indicators in ES. GLCE may affect the proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis of ES by affecting the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate and heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wen
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, JXHC Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 152 Aiguo Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Lijun Yi
- Central Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Yangming Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Lijia Wan
- Department of Child Healthcare, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xieping Dong
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, JXHC Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 152 Aiguo Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
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14
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Whitefield C, Vo Y, Schwartz BD, Hepburn C, Ahmed FH, Onagi H, Banwell MG, Nelms K, Malins LR, Jackson CJ. Complex Inhibitory Mechanism of Glycomimetics with Heparanase. Biochemistry 2023. [PMID: 37368361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE) is the only mammalian endo-β-glucuronidase known to catalyze the degradation of heparan sulfate. Dysfunction of HPSE activity has been linked to several disease states, resulting in HPSE becoming the target of numerous therapeutic programs, yet no drug has passed clinical trials to date. Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) is a heterogeneous, FDA-approved drug for the treatment of interstitial cystitis and a known HPSE inhibitor. However, due to its heterogeneity, characterization of its mechanism of HPSE inhibition is challenging. Here, we show that inhibition of HPSE by PPS is complex, involving multiple overlapping binding events, each influenced by factors such as oligosaccharide length and inhibitor-induced changes in the protein secondary structure. The present work advances our molecular understanding of the inhibition of HPSE and will aid in the development of therapeutics for the treatment of a broad range of pathologies associated with enzyme dysfunction, including cancer, inflammatory disease, and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy Whitefield
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yen Vo
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Brett D Schwartz
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Caryn Hepburn
- Waters Australia Pty Ltd, 38-46 South Street, Rydalmere, New South Wales 2116, Australia
| | - F Hafna Ahmed
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Hideki Onagi
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Keats Nelms
- Beta Therapeutics Pty. Ltd. Level 6, 121 Marcus Clarke Street, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Lara R Malins
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Colin J Jackson
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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15
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Qin XY, Furutani Y, Yonezawa K, Shimizu N, Kato-Murayama M, Shirouzu M, Xu Y, Yamano Y, Wada A, Gailhouste L, Shrestha R, Takahashi M, Keillor JW, Su T, Yu W, Fujii S, Kagechika H, Dohmae N, Shirakami Y, Shimizu M, Masaki T, Matsuura T, Suzuki H, Kojima S. Targeting transglutaminase 2 mediated exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 signaling in liver cancer stem cells with acyclic retinoid. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:358. [PMID: 37308486 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional protein that promotes or suppresses tumorigenesis, depending on intracellular location and conformational structure. Acyclic retinoid (ACR) is an orally administered vitamin A derivative that prevents hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence by targeting liver cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this study, we examined the subcellular location-dependent effects of ACR on TG2 activity at a structural level and characterized the functional role of TG2 and its downstream molecular mechanism in the selective depletion of liver CSCs. A binding assay with high-performance magnetic nanobeads and structural dynamic analysis with native gel electrophoresis and size-exclusion chromatography-coupled multi-angle light scattering or small-angle X-ray scattering showed that ACR binds directly to TG2, induces oligomer formation of TG2, and inhibits the transamidase activity of cytoplasmic TG2 in HCC cells. The loss-of-function of TG2 suppressed the expression of stemness-related genes, spheroid proliferation and selectively induced cell death in an EpCAM+ liver CSC subpopulation in HCC cells. Proteome analysis revealed that TG2 inhibition suppressed the gene and protein expression of exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 (EXT1) and heparan sulfate biosynthesis in HCC cells. In contrast, high levels of ACR increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations along with an increase in apoptotic cells, which probably contributed to the enhanced transamidase activity of nuclear TG2. This study demonstrates that ACR could act as a novel TG2 inhibitor; TG2-mediated EXT1 signaling is a promising therapeutic target in the prevention of HCC by disrupting liver CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yang Qin
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Furutani
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kento Yonezawa
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kato-Murayama
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yali Xu
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yumiko Yamano
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akimori Wada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Luc Gailhouste
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Laboratory for Brain Development and Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rajan Shrestha
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Masataka Takahashi
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jeffrey W Keillor
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ting Su
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenkui Yu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shinya Fujii
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yohei Shirakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsuura
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harukazu Suzuki
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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Dev Tripathi A, Katiyar S, Mishra A. Glypican1: a potential cancer biomarker for nanotargeted therapy. Drug Discov Today 2023:103660. [PMID: 37301249 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glypicans (GPCs) are generally involved in cellular signaling, growth and proliferation. Previous studies reported their roles in cancer proliferation. GPC1 is a co-receptor for a variety of growth-related ligands, thereby stimulating the tumor microenvironment by promoting angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This work reviews GPC1-biomarker-assisted drug discovery by the application of nanostructured materials, creating nanotheragnostics for targeted delivery and application in liquid biopsies. The review includes details of GPC1 as a potential biomarker in cancer progression as well as a potential candidate for nano-mediated drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Dev Tripathi
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Soumya Katiyar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Abha Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, India.
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17
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Jayatilleke KM, Duivenvoorden HM, Ryan GF, Parker BS, Hulett MD. Investigating the Role of Heparanase in Breast Cancer Development Utilising the MMTV-PyMT Murine Model of Mammary Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113062. [PMID: 37297024 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common human malignancy and is a major global health burden. Heparanase (HPSE) has been widely implicated in enhancing the development and progression of solid tumours, including breast cancer. In this study, the well-established spontaneous mammary tumour-developing MMTV-PyMT murine model was utilised to examine the role of HPSE in breast cancer establishment, progression, and metastasis. The use of HPSE-deficient MMTV-PyMT (MMTV-PyMTxHPSE-/-) mice addressed the lack of genetic ablation models to investigate the role of HPSE in mammary tumours. It was demonstrated that even though HPSE regulated mammary tumour angiogenesis, mammary tumour progression and metastasis were HPSE-independent. Furthermore, there was no evidence of compensatory action by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in response to the lack of HPSE expression in the mammary tumours. These findings suggest that HPSE may not play a significant role in the mammary tumour development of MMTV-PyMT animals. Collectively, these observations may have implications in the clinical setting of breast cancer and therapy using HPSE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnath M Jayatilleke
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Hendrika M Duivenvoorden
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Gemma F Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Belinda S Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mark D Hulett
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
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18
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Basu A, Champagne RN, Patel NG, Nicholson ED, Weiss RJ. TFCP2 is a transcriptional regulator of heparan sulfate assembly and melanoma cell growth. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104713. [PMID: 37061003 PMCID: PMC10200990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a long, linear polysaccharide that is ubiquitously expressed in all animal cells and plays a key role in many cellular processes, including cell signaling and development. Dysregulation of HS assembly has been implicated in pathophysiological conditions, such as tumorigenesis and rare genetic disorders. HS biosynthesis occurs in a non-template-driven manner in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi through the activity of a large group of biosynthetic enzymes. While much is known about its biosynthesis, little is understood about the regulation of HS assembly across diverse tissue types and disease states. To address this gap in knowledge, we recently performed genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens to identify novel regulatory factors of HS biosynthesis. From these screens, we identified the alpha globin transcription factor, TFCP2, as a top hit. To investigate the role of TFCP2 in HS assembly, we targeted TFCP2 expression in human melanoma cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. TFCP2 knockout cells exhibited decreased fibroblast growth factor binding to cell surface HS, alterations in HS composition, and slowed cell growth compared to wild-type cells. Additionally, RNA sequencing revealed that TFCP2 regulates the expression of multiple enzymes involved in HS assembly, including the secreted endosulfatase, SULF1. Pharmacological targeting of TFCP2 activity similarly reduced growth factor binding and increased SULF1 expression, and the knockdown of SULF1 expression in TFCP2 mutant cells restored melanoma cell growth. Overall, these studies identify TFCP2 as a novel transcriptional regulator of HS and highlight HS-protein interactions as a possible target to slow melanoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Basu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Rachel N Champagne
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Neil G Patel
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Elijah D Nicholson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ryan J Weiss
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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19
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Sharma A, Kaur I, Dheer D, Nagpal M, Kumar P, Venkatesh DN, Puri V, Singh I. A propitious role of marine sourced polysaccharides: Drug delivery and biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 308:120448. [PMID: 36813329 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous compounds, with extensive applications in biomedical and biotechnological fields, are present in the oceans, which serve as a prime renewable source of natural substances, further promoting the development of novel medical systems and devices. Polysaccharides are present in the marine ecosystem in abundance, promoting minimal extraction costs, in addition to their solubility in extraction media, and an aqueous solvent, along with their interactions with biological compounds. Certain algae-derived polysaccharides include fucoidan, alginate, and carrageenan, while animal-derived polysaccharides comprise hyaluronan, chitosan and many others. Furthermore, these compounds can be modified to facilitate their processing into multiple shapes and sizes, as well as exhibit response dependence to external conditions like temperature and pH. All these properties have promoted the use of these biomaterials as raw materials for the development of drug delivery carrier systems (hydrogels, particles, capsules). The present review enlightens marine polysaccharides providing its sources, structures, biological properties, and its biomedical applications. In addition to this, their role as nanomaterials is also portrayed by the authors, along with the methods employed to develop them and associated biological and physicochemical properties designed to develop suitable drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Sharma
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8QQ
| | - Divya Dheer
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - D Nagasamy Venkatesh
- JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vivek Puri
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
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20
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Wagle MM, Kedige AR, Kabekkodu SP, Mallya S. Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies Crucial Biochemical Processes Shared between Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:1601-1610. [PMID: 37247279 PMCID: PMC10495878 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.5.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy associated with rapid progression and an abysmal prognosis. Previous research has shown that chronic pancreatitis can significantly increase the risk of developing PDAC. The overarching hypothesis is that some of the biological processes disrupted during the inflammatory stage tend to show significant dysregulation, even in cancer. This might explain why chronic inflammation increases the risk of carcinogenesis and uncontrolled proliferation. Here, we try to pinpoint such complex processes by comparing the expression profiles of pancreatitis and PDAC tissues. METHODS We analyzed a total of six gene expression datasets retrieved from the EMBL-EBI ArrayExpress and NCBI GEO databases, which included 306 PDAC, 68 pancreatitis and 172 normal pancreatic samples. The disrupted genes identified were used to perform downstream analysis for ontology, interaction, enriched pathways, potential druggability, promoter methylation, and the associated prognostic value. Further, we performed expression analysis based on gender, patient's drinking habit, race, and pancreatitis status. RESULTS Our study identified 45 genes with altered expression levels shared between PDAC and pancreatitis. Over-representation analysis revealed that protein digestion and absorption, ECM-receptor interaction, PI3k-Akt signaling, and proteoglycans in cancer pathways as significantly enriched. Module analysis identified 15 hub genes, of which 14 were found to be in the druggable genome category. CONCLUSION In summary, we have identified critical genes and various biochemical processes disrupted at a molecular level. These results can provide valuable insights into certain events leading to carcinogenesis, and therefore help identify novel therapeutic targets to improve PDAC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj M Wagle
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and Computational Systems Biology Group, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India.
| | - Ananya Rao Kedige
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India.
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Grenoble, France.
| | - Shama P Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sandeep Mallya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India.
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21
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Yang Y, Yuan F, Zhou H, Quan J, Liu C, Wang Y, Xiao F, Liu Q, Liu J, Zhang Y, Yu X. Potential roles of heparanase in cancer therapy: Current trends and future direction. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:896-917. [PMID: 36924082 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE; heparanase-1) is an endo-β-glucuronidase capable of degrading the carbohydrate moiety of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, thus modulating and facilitating the remodeling of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane. HPSE activity is strongly associated with major human pathological complications, including but not limited to tumor progress and angiogenesis. Several lines of literature have shown that overexpression of HPSE leads to enhanced tumor growth and metastatic transmission, as well as poor prognosis. Gene silencing of HPSE or treatment of tumor with compounds that block HPSE activity are shown to remarkably attenuate tumor progression. Therefore, targeting HPSE is considered as a potential therapeutical strategy for the treatment of cancer. Intriguingly, recent findings disclose that heparanase-2 (HPSE-2), a close homolog of HPSE but lacking enzymatic activity, can also regulate antitumor mechanisms. Given the pleiotropic roles of HPSE, further investigation is in demand to determine the precise mechanism of regulating action of HPSE in different cancer settings. In this review, we first summarize the current understanding of HPSE, such as its structure, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution. Furthermore, we systematically review the pro- and antitumorigenic roles and mechanisms of HPSE in cancer progress. In addition, we delineate HPSE inhibitors that have entered clinical trials and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Fengyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huiqin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Quan
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chongyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Fen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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22
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Yang M, Conceição M, Chen W, Yang F, Zhao B, Wood MJA, Qiu L, Chen J. Engineered bacteria combined with doxorubicin nanoparticles suppress angiogenesis and metastasis in murine melanoma models. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:734-746. [PMID: 36563772 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Methods capable of distributing antitumour therapeutics uniformly throughout an entire tumour and that can suppress metastasis at the same time, would be of great significance in improving cancer treatment. Bacteria-mediated synergistic therapies have been explored for better specificity, temporal and spatial controllability, as well for providing regulation of the immune microenvironment, in order to provide improved cancer treatment. To achieve this goal, here we developed an engineered bacteria delivery system (GDOX@HSEc) using synthetic biology and interfacial chemistry technologies. The engineered bacteria were concurrently modified to express heparin sulfatase 1 (HSulf-1) inside (HSEc), to attach doxorubicin-loaded glycogen nanoparticles (GDOX NPs) on their surface. Here we demonstrate that HSEc can actively target and colonise tumour sites resulting in HSulf-1 overexpression, thereby suppressing angiogenesis and metastasis. Simultaneously, the GDOX NPs were able to penetrate into tumour cells, leading to intracellular DNA damage. Our results confirmed that a combination of biotherapy and chemotherapy using GDOX@HSEc resulted in significant melanoma suppression in murine models, with reduced side effects. This study provides a powerful platform for the simultaneous delivery of biomacromolecules and chemotherapeutic drugs to tumours, representing an innovative strategy potentially more effective in treating solid tumours. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: An original engineered bacteria-based system (GDOX@HSEc) was developed using synthetic biology and interfacial chemistry technologies to concurrently produce naturally occurring heparin sulfatase 1 (HSulf-1) inside and anchor doxorubicin-loaded glycogen nanoparticles on the surface. GDOX@HSEc allowed for combined local delivery of chemotherapeutic agents along with the enzymes and immunostimulatory bacterial adjuvants, which resulted in a synergistic action in the inhibition of tumour growth and metastasis. The study provides a potential therapeutic approach that allows therapeutic agents to be distributed in a spatiotemporally controllable manner in tumours for combinatorial enhanced therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyang Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | | | - Weijun Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fuwei Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bingke Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lipeng Qiu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Jinghua Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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23
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Insights into the Peritumoural Brain Zone of Glioblastoma: CDK4 and EXT2 May Be Potential Drivers of Malignancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032835. [PMID: 36769158 PMCID: PMC9917451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the efforts made in recent decades, glioblastoma is still the deadliest primary brain cancer without cure. The potential role in tumour maintenance and progression of the peritumoural brain zone (PBZ), the apparently normal area surrounding the tumour, has emerged. Little is known about this area due to a lack of common definition and due to difficult sampling related to the functional role of peritumoural healthy brain. The aim of this work was to better characterize the PBZ and to identify genes that may have role in its malignant transformation. Starting from our previous study on the comparison of the genomic profiles of matched tumour core and PBZ biopsies, we selected CDK4 and EXT2 as putative malignant drivers of PBZ. The gene expression analysis confirmed their over-expression in PBZ, similarly to what happens in low-grade glioma and glioblastoma, and CDK4 high levels seem to negatively influence patient overall survival. The prognostic role of CDK4 and EXT2 was further confirmed by analysing the TCGA cohort and bioinformatics prediction on their gene networks and protein-protein interactions. These preliminary data constitute a good premise for future investigations on the possible role of CDK4 and EXT2 in the malignant transformation of PBZ.
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24
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De Pasquale V, Esposito A, Scerra G, Scarcella M, Ciampa M, Luongo A, D’Alonzo D, Guaragna A, D’Agostino M, Pavone LM. N-Substituted l-Iminosugars for the Treatment of Sanfilippo Type B Syndrome. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1790-1808. [PMID: 36696678 PMCID: PMC9923752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sanfilippo syndrome comprises a group of four genetic diseases due to the lack or decreased activity of enzymes involved in heparan sulfate (HS) catabolism. HS accumulation in lysosomes and other cellular compartments results in tissue and organ dysfunctions, leading to a wide range of clinical symptoms including severe neurodegeneration. To date, no approved treatments for Sanfilippo disease exist. Here, we report the ability of N-substituted l-iminosugars to significantly reduce substrate storage and lysosomal dysfunctions in Sanfilippo fibroblasts and in a neuronal cellular model of Sanfilippo B subtype. Particularly, we found that they increase the levels of defective α-N-acetylglucosaminidase and correct its proper sorting toward the lysosomal compartment. Furthermore, l-iminosugars reduce HS accumulation by downregulating protein levels of exostosin glycosyltransferases. These results highlight an interesting pharmacological potential of these glycomimetics in Sanfilippo syndrome, paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of such incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Pasquale
- Department
of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Esposito
- Department
of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scerra
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Melania Scarcella
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariangela Ciampa
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Luongo
- AORN
Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano, Via F. Palasciano, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Daniele D’Alonzo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guaragna
- Department
of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy,
| | - Massimo D’Agostino
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy,
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy,
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25
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Giordani C, Russo S, Torrisi C, Morante S, Castelli F, Sarpietro MG. A Thermodynamic Study on the Interaction between RH-23 Peptide and DMPC-Based Biomembrane Models. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1282. [PMID: 36557189 PMCID: PMC9781852 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the interaction between drugs and biomembrane models, as a strategy to study and eventually improve drug/substrate interactions, is a crucial factor in preliminary screening. Synthesized peptides represent a source of potential anticancer and theragnostic drugs. In this study, we investigated the interaction of a novel synthesized peptide, called RH-23, with a simplified dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) model of the cellular membrane. The interaction of RH-23 with DMPC, organized either in multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) and in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) monolayers, was assessed using thermodynamic techniques, namely differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and LB. The calorimetric evaluations showed that RH-23 inserted into MLVs, causing a stabilization of the phospholipid gel phase that increased with the molar fraction of RH-23. Interplay with LB monolayers revealed that RH-23 interacted with DMPC molecules. This work represents the first experimental thermodynamic study on the interaction between RH-23 and a simplified model of the lipid membrane, thus providing a basis for further evaluations of the effect of RH-23 on biological membranes and its therapeutic/diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Giordani
- Grupo Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
- Instituto de Física, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Stefano Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Torrisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Morante
- Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Rome Tor Vergata and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Castelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Sarpietro
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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26
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Opposing Roles of IGFBP-3 and Heparanase in Regulating A549 Lung Cancer Cell Survival. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223533. [PMID: 36428962 PMCID: PMC9688904 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the roles of heparanase and IGFBP-3 in regulating A549 and H1299 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survival. We found that H1299 cells, known to be p53-null with no expression of IGFBP-3, had higher heparanase levels and activity and higher levels of heparan sulfate (HS) in the media compared to the media of A549 cells. Inhibiting heparanase activity or its expression using siRNA had no effect on the levels of IGFBP-3 in the media of A549 cells, reduced the levels of soluble HS fragments, and led to decreased interactions between IGFBP-3 and HS in the media. HS competed with HA for binding to IGFBP-3 or IGFBP-3 peptide (215-KKGFYKKKQCRPSKGRKR-232) but not the mutant peptide (K228AR230A). HS abolished the cytotoxic effects of IGFBP-3 but not upon blocking HA-CD44 signaling with the anti-CD44 antibody (5F12). Blocking HA-CD44 signaling decreased the levels of heparanase in the media of both A549 and H1299 cell lines and increased p53 activity and the levels of IGFBP-3 in A549 cell media. Knockdown of p53 led to increased heparanase levels and reduced IGFBP-3 levels in A549 cell media while knockdown of IGFBP-3 in A549 cells blocked p53 activity and increased heparanase levels in the media.
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27
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Promalignant effects of antiangiogenics in the tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:199-206. [PMID: 35248730 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapies are considered a promising strategy against solid tumors. Their aim is to inhibit the formation of new blood vasculature, thereby reducing the oxygen and nutrient supply to prevent further tumor growth and spreading. However, the strategy has seen limitations, as survival benefits are modest and often accompanied with increased tumor aggressiveness in form of invasion and metastasis. Antiangiogenic induced changes in the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia, mechanical stress or extracellular acidification can activate different receptors of tumoral and stromal cells and induce an extensive remodeling of the entire tumor microenvironment, with the overall goal to invade nearby tissues and regain access to the vasculature. In this regard, receptor tyrosine kinases have been studied intensively and especially the inhibition of c-Met has given promising results, characterized by a reduction in invasiveness and prolonged survival. Receptors that sense changes in the extracellular matrix like integrins or proteoglycans can also induce downstream signaling that stimulates the expression of remodeling factors such as new matrix components, enzymes or chemoattractants. Targeting multiple receptors and sensors of cancer cells simultaneously might represent an effective second line treatment that prevents the formation of malignant side effects.
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28
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Vuorinen SI, Okolicsanyi RK, Gyimesi M, Meyjes-Brown J, Saini D, Pham SH, Griffiths LR, Haupt LM. SDC4-rs1981429 and ATM-rs228590 may provide early biomarkers of breast cancer risk. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04236-2. [PMID: 36152082 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In Australia, 13% of women are diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) in their lifetime with approximately 20,000 women diagnosed with the disease in 2021. BC is characterised by complex histological and genomic influences with recent advances in cancer biology improving early diagnosis and personalised treatment interventions. The Phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase/Protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway is essential in apoptosis resistance, cell survival, activation of cellular responses to DNA damage and DNA repair. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are ubiquitous molecules found on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix with essential functions in regulating cell survival, growth, adhesion and as mediators of cell differentiation and migration. HSPGs, particularly the syndecans (SDCs), have been linked to cancers, making them an exciting target for anticancer treatments. In the PI3K/AKT pathway, syndecan-4 (SDC4) has been shown to downregulate AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase (AKT1) gene expression, while the ATM Serine/Threonine Kinase (ATM) gene has been found to inhibit this pathway upstream of AKT. We investigated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HSPG and related genes SDC4, AKT1 and ATM and their influence on the prevalence of BC. SNPs were genotyped in the Australian Caucasian Genomics Research Centre Breast Cancer (GRC-BC) population and in the Griffith University-Cancer Council Queensland Breast Cancer Biobank (GU-CCQ BB) population. We identified that SDC4-rs1981429 and ATM-rs228590 may influence the development and progression of BC, having the potential to become biomarkers in early BC diagnosis and personalised treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia I Vuorinen
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Rachel K Okolicsanyi
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Martina Gyimesi
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Jacob Meyjes-Brown
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Deepa Saini
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Son H Pham
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
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29
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Ritter GS, Dolgova EV, Petrova DD, Efremov YR, Proskurina AS, Potter EA, Ruzanova VS, Kirikovich SS, Levites EV, Taranov OS, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Kolchanov NA, Bogachev SS. The new general biological property of stem-like tumor cells Part I. Peculiarities of the process of the double-stranded DNA fragments internalization into stem-like tumor cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:954395. [PMID: 36159968 PMCID: PMC9492886 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.954395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem-like tumor cells of ascites carcinoma Krebs-2 and Epstein-Barr virus–induced B-lymphoma were shown to possess the innate capability of binding and internalizing the TAMRA-labeled double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) probe. The process of binding and internalizing is rather complicated and composed of the following successive stages: 1) initiating electrostatic interaction and contact of a negatively charged dsDNA molecule with a positively charged molecule(s) on the surface of a stem-like tumor cell; 2) binding of the dsDNA probe to a tumor stem cell surface protein(s) via the formation of a strong chemical/molecular bond; and 3) the very internalization of dsDNA into the cell. Binding of DNA to cell surface proteins is determined by the presence of heparin/polyanion-binding sites within the protein structure, which can be competitively blocked by heparin and/or dextran sulfate, wherein heparin blocks only the binding, while dextran sulfate abrogates both binding and internalization. The abrogation of internalization by dextran sulfate implies the role of scavenger receptors in this process. Cells were shown to uptake DNA in amounts constituting ∼0.008% of the haploid genome. Inhibitors of caveolae-dependent internalization abrogate the DNA uptake in Krebs-2 cells, and inhibitors of the clathrin/caveolar mechanism block the internalization in B-lymphoma cells. In the present report, it is shown for the first time that in contrast to the majority of committed tumor cells, stem-like tumor cells of Krebs-2 and B-lymphoma carry a general positive charge on their surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genrikh S. Ritter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V. Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Daria D. Petrova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yaroslav R. Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia S. Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vera S. Ruzanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana S. Kirikovich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy V. Levites
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S. Taranov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Alexandr A. Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena R. Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A. Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: Sergey S. Bogachev,
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Abstract
Cancer growth is accompanied by changes to the extracellular environment of tumors, which aids the proliferation and spread of cancer cells. Cancer-associated extracellular matrix changes include excessive degradation of heparan sulfate carbohydrates, promoting metastatic spread by multiple mechanisms. Heparanase is the main human enzyme responsible for extracellular heparan sulfate breakdown and strongly drives metastasis when overexpressed. Few effective heparanase inhibitors are known, and the most effective molecules to date possess nondrug-like structures with multiple off-target effects. We have carried out structure-guided development of heparanase inhibitors, which covalently bind to the enzyme active site to cause irreversible inhibition. These inhibitors are heparanase specific and reduce metastasis in animal models with comparable efficacy to current “best-in-class” compounds. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) mediate essential interactions throughout the extracellular matrix (ECM), providing signals that regulate cellular growth and development. Altered HSPG composition during tumorigenesis strongly aids cancer progression. Heparanase (HPSE) is the principal enzyme responsible for extracellular heparan sulfate catabolism and is markedly up-regulated in aggressive cancers. HPSE overactivity degrades HSPGs within the ECM, facilitating metastatic dissemination and releasing mitogens that drive cellular proliferation. Reducing extracellular HPSE activity reduces cancer growth, but few effective inhibitors are known, and none are clinically approved. Inspired by the natural glycosidase inhibitor cyclophellitol, we developed nanomolar mechanism-based, irreversible HPSE inhibitors that are effective within physiological environments. Application of cyclophellitol-derived HPSE inhibitors reduces cancer aggression in cellulo and significantly ameliorates murine metastasis. Mechanism-based irreversible HPSE inhibition is an unexplored anticancer strategy. We demonstrate the feasibility of such compounds to control pathological HPSE-driven malignancies.
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Ji X, Cheng K, Gao C, Xie H, Zhu R, Luo J. HS3ST1 Promotes Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Progression by Targeting the SPOP/FADD/NF- κB Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5509346. [PMID: 35909476 PMCID: PMC9325619 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5509346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycan is a key component of cell microenvironment and plays an important role in cell-cell interaction, adhesion, migration, and signal transduction. Heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase 1 (HS3ST1) is a metabolic-related gene of HS. The present study was aimed at exploring the role of HS3ST1 in the progress of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our results illustrated that HS3ST1 promoted the malignant behaviors of NSCLC cells both in vitro and in vivo. HS3ST1 was found to inhibit spot-type zinc finger protein (SPOP) expression, which might inhibit the NF-κB pathway activation through mediating the degradation of Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD). By analyzing NSCLC patient samples, we also found increased HS3ST1 expression and decreased SPOP expression in tumor tissues in contrast with those in adjoining normal tissues. In conclusion, HS3ST1 promotes NSCLC tumorigenesis by regulating SPOP/FADD/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxiu Ji
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kebin Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Caixia Gao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huikang Xie
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ren Zhu
- Department of Medical Administration, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Rodrigues AAN, Lopes-Santos L, Lacerda PA, Juste MF, Mariz BA, Cajazeiro DC, Giacobbe V, Borges R, Casarim A, Callegari GDS, Claret Arcadipane FAM, Aprahamian I, Salo TA, De Oliveira CE, Coletta RD, Augusto TM, Cervigne NK. Heparanase 1 Upregulation Promotes Tumor Progression and Is a Predictor of Low Survival for Oral Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:742213. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.742213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral cavity cancer is still an important public health problem throughout the world. Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) can be quite aggressive and metastatic, with a low survival rate and poor prognosis. However, this is usually related to the clinical stage and histological grade, and molecular prognostic markers for clinical practice are yet to be defined. Heparanase (HPSE1) is an endoglycosidase associated with extracellular matrix remodeling, and although involved in several malignancies, the clinical implications of HPSE1 expression in OSCCs are still unknown.Methods: We sought to investigate HPSE1 expression in a series of primary OSCCs and further explore whether its overexpression plays a relevant role in OSCC tumorigenesis. mRNA and protein expression analyses were performed in OSCC tissue samples and cell lines. A loss-of-function strategy using shRNA and a gain-of-function strategy using an ORF vector targeting HPSE1 were employed to investigate the endogenous modulation of HPSE1 and its effects on proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, migration, and invasion of oral cancer in vitro.Results: We demonstrated that HPSE1 is frequently upregulated in OSCC samples and cell lines and is an unfavorable prognostic indicator of disease-specific survival when combined with advanced pT stages. Moreover, abrogation of HPSE1 in OSCC cells significantly promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition by significantly decreasing the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin. Furthermore, a conditioned medium of HPSE1-downregulated cells resulted in reduced vascular endothelial growth.Conclusion: Our results confirm the overexpression of HPSE1 in OSCCs, suggest that HPSE1 expression correlates with disease progression as it is associated with several important biological processes for oral tumorigenesis, and can be managed as a prognostic marker for patients with OSCC.
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Ruzanova V, Proskurina A, Efremov Y, Kirikovich S, Ritter G, Levites E, Dolgova E, Potter E, Babaeva O, Sidorov S, Taranov O, Ostanin A, Chernykh E, Bogachev S. Chronometric Administration of Cyclophosphamide and a Double-Stranded DNA-Mix at Interstrand Crosslinks Repair Timing, Called "Karanahan" Therapy, Is Highly Efficient in a Weakly Immunogenic Lewis Carcinoma Model. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610180. [PMID: 35693632 PMCID: PMC9185167 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims: A new technology based on the chronometric administration of cyclophosphamide and complex composite double-stranded DNA-based compound, which is scheduled in strict dependence on interstrand crosslinks repair timing, and named “Karanahan”, has been developed. Being applied, this technology results in the eradication of tumor-initiating stem cells and full-scale apoptosis of committed tumor cells. In the present study, the efficacy of this novel approach has been estimated in the model of Lewis carcinoma. Methods: To determine the basic indicative parameters for the approach, the duration of DNA repair in tumor cells, as well as their distribution along the cell cycle, have been assessed. Injections were done into one or both tumors in femoral region of the engrafted mice in accordance with the developed regimen. Four series of experiments were carried out at different periods of time. The content of poorly differentiated CD34+/TAMRA+ cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood has been determined. Immunostaining followed by the flow cytometry was used to analyze the subpopulations of immune cells. Results: The high antitumor efficacy of the new technology against the developed experimental Lewis carcinoma was shown. It was found that the therapy efficacy depended on the number of tumor growth sites, seasonal and annual peculiarities. In some experiments, a long-term remission has been reached in 70% of animals with a single tumor and in 60% with two tumors. In mice with two developed grafts, mobilization capabilities of both poorly differentiated hematopoietic cells of the host and tumor stem-like cells decrease significantly. Being applied, this new technology was shown to activate a specific immune response. There is an increase in the number of NK cell populations in the blood, tumor, and spleen, killer T cells and T helper cells in the tumor and spleen, CD11b+Ly-6C+ and CD11b+Ly-6G+ cells in the tumor. A population of mature dendritic cells is found in the tumor. Conclusion: The performed experiments indicate the efficacy of the Karanahan approach against incurable Lewis carcinoma. Thus, the discussed therapy is a new approach for treating experimental neoplasms, which has a potential as a personalized anti-tumor therapeutic approach in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Ruzanova
- Laboratory of Induced Cellular Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia Proskurina
- Laboratory of Induced Cellular Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yaroslav Efremov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Common Use Center for Microscopic Analysis of Biological Objects SB RAS, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana Kirikovich
- Laboratory of Induced Cellular Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Genrikh Ritter
- Laboratory of Induced Cellular Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenii Levites
- Laboratory of Induced Cellular Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenia Dolgova
- Laboratory of Induced Cellular Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Potter
- Laboratory of Induced Cellular Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oksana Babaeva
- Oncology Department, Municipal Hospital No. 1, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Sidorov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Oncology Department, Municipal Hospital No. 1, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg Taranov
- Laboratory of Microscopic Research, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Alexandr Ostanin
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Chernykh
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Bogachev
- Laboratory of Induced Cellular Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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34
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Vallet SD, Berthollier C, Ricard-Blum S. The glycosaminoglycan interactome 2.0. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1271-C1278. [PMID: 35544698 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00095.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are complex linear polysaccharides, which are covalently attached to core proteins (except for hyaluronan) to form proteoglycans. They play key roles in the organization of the extracellular matrix, and at the cell surface where they contribute to the regulation of cell signaling and of cell adhesion. To explore the mechanisms and pathways underlying their functions, we have generated an expanded dataset of 4290 interactions corresponding to 3464 unique GAG-binding proteins, four times more than the first version of the GAG interactome (Vallet and Ricard-Blum, 2021 J Histochem Cytochem 69:93-104). The increased size of the GAG network is mostly due to the addition of GAG-binding proteins captured from cell lysates and biological fluids by affinity chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry. We review here the interaction repertoire of natural GAGs and of synthetic sulfated hyaluronan, the specificity and molecular functions of GAG-binding proteins, and the biological processes and pathways they are involved in. This dataset is also used to investigate the differences between proteins binding to iduronic acid-containing GAGs (dermatan sulfate and heparin/heparan sulfate) and those interacting with GAGs lacking iduronic acid (chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronan, and keratan sulfate).
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35
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Sargison L, Smith RAA, Carnachan SM, Daines AM, Brackovic A, Kidgell JT, Nurcombe V, Cool SM, Sims IM, Hinkley SFR. Variability in the composition of porcine mucosal heparan sulfates. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 282:119081. [PMID: 35123736 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Commercial porcine intestinal mucosal heparan sulfate (HS) is a valuable material for research into its biological functions. As it is usually produced as a side-stream of pharmaceutical heparin manufacture, its chemical composition may vary from batch to batch. We analysed the composition and structure of nine batches of HS from the same manufacturer. Statistical analysis of the disaccharide compositions placed these batches in three categories: group A had high GlcNAc and GlcNS, and low GlcN typical of HS; group B had high GlcN and GlcNS, and low GlcNAc; group C had high di- and trisulfated, and low unsulfated and monosulfated disaccharide repeats. These batches could be placed in the same categories based on their 1H NMR spectra and molecular weights. Anticoagulant and growth factor binding activities of these HS batches did not fit within these same groups but were related to the proportions of more highly sulfated disaccharide repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Sargison
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
| | - Raymond A A Smith
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Glycotherapeutics Group, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), A*STAR, 138673, Singapore.
| | - Susan M Carnachan
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
| | - Alison M Daines
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
| | - Amira Brackovic
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
| | - Joel T Kidgell
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Glycotherapeutics Group, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), A*STAR, 138673, Singapore
| | - Simon M Cool
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Glycotherapeutics Group, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), A*STAR, 138673, Singapore.
| | - Ian M Sims
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
| | - Simon F R Hinkley
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
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36
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Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). GAGs can interact with a variety of binding partners and thereby influence cancer progression on multiple levels. GAGs can modulate growth factor and chemokine signaling, invasion and metastasis formation. Moreover, GAGs are able to change the physical property of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Abnormalities in GAG abundance and structure (e.g., sulfation patterns and molecular weight) are found across various cancer types and show biomarker potential. Targeting GAGs, as well as the usage of GAGs and their mimetics, are promising approaches to interfere with cancer progression. In addition, GAGs can be used as drug and cytokine carriers to induce an anti-tumor response. In this review, we summarize the role of GAGs in cancer and the potential use of GAGs and GAG derivatives to target cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Wieboldt
- Laboratories for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Laboratories for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland; Division of Oncology, Department of Theragnostics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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37
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Tóth G, Pál D, Sugár S, Kovalszky I, Dezső K, Schlosser G, Drahos L, Turiák L. Expression of glycosaminoglycans in cirrhotic liver and hepatocellular carcinoma-a pilot study including etiology. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3837-3846. [PMID: 35344068 PMCID: PMC8958808 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases have both high incidence and mortality rates; therefore, a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is essential. We have determined the content and sulfation pattern of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparan sulfate (HS) in human hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhotic liver tissues, considering the etiology of the diseases. A variety of pathological conditions such as alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis B and C virus infections, and primary sclerosing cholangitis were studied. Major differences were observed in the total abundance and sulfation pattern of CS and HS chains. For example, the 6-O-sulfation of CS is fundamentally different regarding etiologies of cirrhosis, and a 2-threefold increase in HS N-sulfation/O-sulfation ratio was observed in hepatocellular carcinoma compared to cirrhotic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Tóth
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domonkos Pál
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Simon Sugár
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Ph.D. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Dezső
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Turiák
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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38
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Anticancer Effects with Molecular Docking Confirmation of Newly Synthesized Isatin Sulfonamide Molecular Hybrid Derivatives against Hepatic Cancer Cell Lines. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030722. [PMID: 35327524 PMCID: PMC8945686 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the cytotoxic effect of ten sulfonamide-derived isatins, following molecular hybridization, based on the association principles, on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 and Huh7 cell lines, compared for safety using human normal retina pigmented epithelial (RPE-1) cells. The ten compounds showed variable in vitro cytotoxicity on HepG2 and Huh7 cells, using the MTT assay. Four compounds (4/10) were highly cytotoxic to both HepG2 and HuH7. However, only 3 of these 4 were of the highest safety margin on RPE-1 cells in vitro and in the in vivo acute (14-day) oral toxicity study. These later, superior three compounds’ structures are 3-hydroxy-3-(2-oxo-2-(p-tolyl)ethyl)-5-(piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl)indolin-2-one (3a), N-(4-(2-(2-oxo-5-(piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl)indolin-3-ylidene)acetyl)phenyl)acetamide (4b), and N-(3-(2-(2-oxo-5-(piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl)indolin-3-ylidene)acetyl)phenyl)acetamide (4c). The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the tested compounds (3a, 4b, and 4c) on HepG2 cells were approximately 16.8, 44.7, and 39.7 μM, respectively. The 3a, 4b, and 4c compounds significantly decreased the angiogenic marker epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) level and that was further confirmed via molecular docking inside the EFGR active site (PDB: 1M17). The binding free energies ranged between −19.21 and −21.74 Kcal/mol compared to Erlotinib (−25.65 Kcal/mol). The most promising compounds, 3a, 4b, and 4c, showed variable anticancer potential on “hallmarks of cancer”, significant cytotoxicity, and apoptotic anti-angiogenic and anti-invasive effects, manifested as suppression of Bcl-2, urokinase plasminogen activation, and heparanase expression in HepG2-treated cells’ lysate, compared to non-treated HepG2 cells. In conclusion, compound “3a” is highly comparable to doxorubicin regarding cell cycle arrest at G2/M, the pre-G0 phases and early and late apoptosis induction and is comparable to Erlotinib regarding binding to EGFR active site. Therefore, the current study could suggest that compound “3a” is, hopefully, the most safe and active synthesized isatin sulfonamide derivative for HCC management.
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Farooq M, Khan AW, Kim MS, Choi S. The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Signaling in Tissue Repair and Regeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113242. [PMID: 34831463 PMCID: PMC8622657 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a large family of secretory molecules that act through tyrosine kinase receptors known as FGF receptors. They play crucial roles in a wide variety of cellular functions, including cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, morphogenesis, and differentiation, as well as in tissue repair and regeneration. The signaling pathways regulated by FGFs include RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)–protein kinase B (AKT), phospholipase C gamma (PLCγ), and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT). To date, 22 FGFs have been discovered, involved in different functions in the body. Several FGFs directly or indirectly interfere with repair during tissue regeneration, in addition to their critical functions in the maintenance of pluripotency and dedifferentiation of stem cells. In this review, we summarize the roles of FGFs in diverse cellular processes and shed light on the importance of FGF signaling in mechanisms of tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Farooq
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (M.F.); (A.W.K.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (M.F.); (A.W.K.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Moon Suk Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (M.F.); (A.W.K.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (M.F.); (A.W.K.); (M.S.K.)
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Korea
- Correspondence:
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40
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Kodama M, Shimura H, Tien JC, Newberg JY, Kodama T, Wei Z, Rangel R, Yoshihara K, Kuruma A, Nakae A, Hashimoto K, Sawada K, Kimura T, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG. Sleeping Beauty Transposon Mutagenesis Identifies Genes Driving the Initiation and Metastasis of Uterine Leiomyosarcoma. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5413-5424. [PMID: 34475109 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) is a malignancy, which arises from the uterine smooth muscle. Because of its rarity, aggressive nature, and extremely poor prognosis, the molecular mechanisms driving ULMS remain elusive. To identify candidate cancer genes (CCG) driving ULMS, we conducted an in vivo Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon mutagenesis screen in uterine myometrium-specific, PTEN knockout, KRAS mutant (PTEN KO/KRAS) mice. ULMS quickly developed in SB PTEN KO/KRAS mice, but not in PTEN KO/KRAS mice, demonstrating the critical importance of SB mutagenesis for driving ULMS in this model. Subsequent sequencing of SB insertion sites in these tumors identified 19 ULMS CCGs that were significantly enriched in known cancer genes. Among them, Zfp217 and Sfmbt2 functioned at early stages of tumor initiation and appeared to be oncogenes. Expression of ZNF217, the human homolog of ZFP217, was shown to be elevated in human ULMS compared with paired normal uterine smooth muscle, where it negatively correlated with patient prognosis. Inhibition of ZNF217 suppressed, whereas overexpression induced, proliferation, survival, migration, and stemness of human ULMS. In a second ex vivo ULMS SB metastasis screen, three CCGs were identified that may drive ULMS metastasis to the lung. One of these CCGs, Nrd1 (NRDC in humans), showed stronger expression in human metastatic tumors compared with primary ULMS and negatively associated with patient survival. NRDC knockdown impaired migration and adhesion without affecting cell proliferation, whereas overexpression had the opposite effect. Together, these results reveal novel mechanism driving ULMS tumorigenesis and metastasis and identify ZNF217 and NRDC as potential targets for ULMS therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: An in vivo Sleeping Beauty transposon mutagenesis screen identifies candidate cancer genes that drive initiation and progression of uterine leiomyosarcoma and may serve as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Kodama
- Cancer Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Shimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jean C Tien
- Cancer Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Justin Y Newberg
- Cancer Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Takahiro Kodama
- Cancer Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zhubo Wei
- Cancer Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas.,Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Roberto Rangel
- Cancer Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kosuke Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Airi Kuruma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aya Nakae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kae Hashimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Sawada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nancy A Jenkins
- Cancer Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas.,Genetics Department, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Neal G Copeland
- Cancer Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas. .,Genetics Department, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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41
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Revuelta J, Fraile I, Monterrey DT, Peña N, Benito-Arenas R, Bastida A, Fernández-Mayoralas A, García-Junceda E. Heparanized chitosans: towards the third generation of chitinous biomaterials. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2596-2614. [PMID: 34617543 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of chitosans is an emerging research area in the design of solutions for a wide range of biomedical applications. In particular, the modification of chitosans to incorporate sulfate groups has generated great interest since they show structural similarity to heparin and heparan sulfates. Most of the biomedical applications of heparan sulfates are derived from their ability to bind different growth factors and other proteins, as through these interactions they can modulate the cellular response. This review aims to summarize the most recent advances in the synthesis, and structural and physicochemical characterization of heparanized chitosan, a remarkably interesting family of polysaccharides that have demonstrated the ability to mimic heparan sulfates as ligands for different proteins, thereby exerting their biological activity by mimicking the function of these glycosaminoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Revuelta
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Fraile
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Dianelis T Monterrey
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nerea Peña
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raúl Benito-Arenas
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Agatha Bastida
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Fernández-Mayoralas
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo García-Junceda
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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42
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Mantziou S, Markopoulos G, Thrasyvoulou S, Noutsopoulos D, Gkartziou F, Vartholomatos G, Tzavaras T. Tinzaparin inhibits VL30 retrotransposition induced by oxidative stress and/or VEGF in HC11 mouse progenitor mammary cells: Association between inhibition of cancer stem cell proliferation and mammosphere disaggregation. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:241. [PMID: 34558648 PMCID: PMC8485018 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinzaparin is an anticoagulant and antiangiogenic drug with inhibitory properties against tumor growth. VEGF stimulates angiogenesis, while an association between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and angiogenesis is involved in tumor progression. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of tinzaparin on VL30 retrotransposition-positive mouse HC11 mammary stem-like epithelial cells, previously reported to be associated with induced mammosphere/cancer stem cell (CSC) generation and tumorigenesis. Under 24 h serum starvation, 15.2% nominal retrotransposition frequency was increased to 29%. Additionally, while treatment with 3–12 ng/ml VEGF further induced retrotransposition frequency in a dose-dependent manner (up to 40.3%), pre-incubation with tinzaparin (2 IU/ml) for 0.5–4 h reduced this frequency to 18.3% in a time-dependent manner, confirmed by analogous results in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Treatment with 10–40 pg/ml glucose oxidase (GO) for 24 h induced HC11 cell retrotransposition in a dose-dependent manner (up to 82.5%), while a 3 h pre-incubation with tinzaparin (1 or 2 IU/ml) elicited a 13.5 or 25.5% reduction in retrotransposition, respectively. Regarding tumorigenic VL30 retrotransposition-positive HC11 cells, treatment with 2 IU/ml tinzaparin for 5 days reduced proliferation rate in a time-dependent manner (up to ~55%), and after 3 weeks, disaggregated soft agar-formed foci, as well as low-adherent mammospheres, producing single mesenchymal-like cells with a ~50% reduced retrotransposition. With respect to the VL30 retrotransposition mechanism: While 12 ng/ml VEGF increased the level of VL30 and endogenous reverse transcriptase (enRT) transcripts ~1.41- and ~1.16-fold, respectively, subsequent tinzaparin treatment reduced both endogenous/ROS- and VEGF-induced levels 1.15- and 0.40-fold (VL30) and 0.60- and 0.52-fold (enRT), respectively. To the best of our knowledge, these data demonstrate for the first time, the novel inhibition activity of tinzaparin against ROS- and VEGF-induced VL30 retrotransposition, and the proliferation and/or aggregation of mouse HC11 mammosphere/tumor-initiating CSCs, thus contributing to the inhibition of VL30 retrotransposition-induced primary tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mantziou
- Laboratory of General Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios Markopoulos
- Laboratory of General Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Soteroula Thrasyvoulou
- Laboratory of General Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Noutsopoulos
- Laboratory of General Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Foteini Gkartziou
- Laboratory of General Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios Vartholomatos
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hematology Laboratory, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Theodore Tzavaras
- Laboratory of General Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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43
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Melo CM, Nader HB, Justo GZ, Pinhal MAS. Heparanase modulation by Wingless/INT (Wnt). Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3117-3125. [PMID: 33891270 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase is an endo-beta-glucuronidase, the only enzyme in mammals capable of cleaving heparan sulfate/heparin chains from proteoglycans. The oligosaccharides generated by heparanase present extensive biological functions since such oligosaccharides interact with adhesion molecules, growth factors, angiogenic factors and cytokines, modulating cell proliferation, migration, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. However, the regulation of heparanase activity is not fully understood. It is known that heparanase is synthesized as an inactive 65 kDa isoform and that post-translation processing forms an active 50 kDa enzyme. In the present study, we are interested in investigating whether heparanase is regulated by its own substrate as observed with many other enzymes. Wild-type Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griséus) ovary cells (CHO-K1) were treated with different doses of heparin. Heparanase expression was analyzed by Real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Also, heparanase activity was measured. The heparanase activity assay was performed using a coated plate with biotinylated heparan sulfate. In the present assay, a competitive heparin inhibition scenario was set aside. Exogenous heparin trigged a cell signaling pathway that increased heparanase mRNA and protein levels. The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, judged by TCF-driven luciferase activity, seems to be involved to enhance heparanase profile during treatment with exogenous heparin. Lithium chloride treatment, an activator of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, confirmed such mechanism of transduction in vivo using zebrafish embryos and in vitro using CHO-K1 cells. Taken together the results suggest that heparin modulates heparanase expression by Wnt/beta-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Mucciolo Melo
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, 4a. andar, Biologia Molecular, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Avenida Príncipe de Gales, 821, Bioquímica, Santo André, SP, 09060-650, Brazil
| | - Helena Bonciani Nader
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, 4a. andar, Biologia Molecular, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Giselle Zenker Justo
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, 4a. andar, Biologia Molecular, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, no. 275 - Jd. Eldorado, Diadema, SP, CEP: 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Silva Pinhal
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, 4a. andar, Biologia Molecular, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Avenida Príncipe de Gales, 821, Bioquímica, Santo André, SP, 09060-650, Brazil.
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44
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Mang D, Roy SR, Zhang Q, Hu X, Zhang Y. Heparan Sulfate-Instructed Self-Assembly Selectively Inhibits Cancer Cell Migration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:17236-17242. [PMID: 33830729 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) has important emerging roles in oncogenesis, which represents potential therapeutic strategies for human cancers. However, due to the complexity of the HS signaling network, HS-targeted synthetic cancer therapeutics has never been successfully devised. To conquer the challenge, we developed HS-instructed self-assembling peptides by decorating the "Cardin-Weintraub" sequence with aromatic amino acids. The HS-binding interactions induce localized accumulation of synthetic peptides triggering molecular self-assembly in the vicinity of highly expressed Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) on the cancer cell membrane. The nanostructures hinder the binding of HSPG with metastasis promoting protein-heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) inhibiting the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Our study proved that HS-instructed self-assembly is a promising synthetic therapeutic strategy for targeted cancer migration inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingze Mang
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Sona Rani Roy
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Qizheng Zhang
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Xunwu Hu
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Ye Zhang
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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45
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Wu J, Chopra P, Boons GJ, Zaia J. Influence of saccharide modifications on heparin lyase III substrate specificities. Glycobiology 2021; 32:208-217. [PMID: 33822051 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of 23 synthetic heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharides, varying in chain length, types and positions of modifications, was used to analyze the substrate specificities of heparin lyase III enzymes from both Flavobacterium heparinum and Bacteroides eggerthii. The influence of specific modifications, including N-substitution, 2-O sulfation, 6-O sulfation and 3-O sulfation on lyase III digestion was examined systematically. It was demonstrated that lyase III from both sources can completely digest oligosaccharides lacking O-sulfates. 2-O Sulfation completely blocked cleavage at the corresponding site; 6-O and 3-O sulfation on glucosamine residues inhibited enzyme activity. We also observed that there are differences in substrate specificities between the two lyase III enzymes for highly sulfated oligosaccharides. These findings will facilitate obtaining and analyzing the functional sulfated domains from large HS polymer, to better understand their structure/function relationships in biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Pradeep Chopra
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.,Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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46
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Ren Z, Spaargaren M, Pals ST. Syndecan-1 and stromal heparan sulfate proteoglycans: key moderators of plasma cell biology and myeloma pathogenesis. Blood 2021; 137:1713-1718. [PMID: 33512430 PMCID: PMC8405055 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells no longer express a B-cell antigen receptor and are hence deprived of signals crucial for survival throughout B-cell development. Instead, normal plasma cells, as well as their malignant myeloma counterparts, heavily rely on communication with the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment for survival. The plasma cell heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) syndecan-1 (CD138) and HSPGs in the BM microenvironment act as master regulators of this communication by co-opting specific growth and survival factors from the BM niche. This designates syndecan-1/HSPGs and their synthesis machinery as potential treatment targets in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Ren
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, LYMMCARE (Lymphoma and Myeloma Care and Research), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Spaargaren
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, LYMMCARE (Lymphoma and Myeloma Care and Research), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven T Pals
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, LYMMCARE (Lymphoma and Myeloma Care and Research), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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47
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Shi D, Sheng A, Chi L. Glycosaminoglycan-Protein Interactions and Their Roles in Human Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:639666. [PMID: 33768117 PMCID: PMC7985165 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.639666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of linear and negatively charged polysaccharides that exist ubiquitously on the human cell surface as well as in the extracellular matrix. GAGs interact with a wide range of proteins, including proteases, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, enabling them to mediate many physiological processes, such as protein function, cellular adhesion and signaling. GAG-protein interactions participate in and intervene in a variety of human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, infectious disease, neurodegenerative diseases and tumors. The breakthrough in analytical tools and approaches during the last two decades has facilitated a greater understanding of the importance of GAG-protein interactions and their roles in human diseases. This review focuses on aspects of the molecular basis and mechanisms of GAG-protein interactions involved in human disease. The most recent advances in analytical tools, especially mass spectrometry-based GAG sequencing and binding motif characterization methods, are introduced. An update of selected families of GAG binding proteins is presented. Perspectives on development of novel therapeutics targeting specific GAG-protein interactions are also covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deling Shi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anran Sheng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lianli Chi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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48
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de Moura HC, Novello CR, Balbinot-Alfaro E, Düsman E, Barddal HPO, Almeida IV, Vicentini VEP, Prentice-Hernández C, Alfaro AT. Obtaining glycosaminoglycans from tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) scales and evaluation of its anticoagulant and cytotoxic activities: Glycosaminoglycans from tilapia scales: anticoagulant and cytotoxic activities. Food Res Int 2021; 140:110012. [PMID: 33648244 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Large amounts of by-products are generated during fish processing. The study aimed to assess whether tilapia scales are a potential source for obtaining glycosaminoglycans, as well as to determine their anticoagulant and cytotoxic/antiproliferative activities, against different tumor lines. The glycosaminoglycans were extracted, purified, and fractionated. The fractions that indicated the presence of uronic acid and sulfated GAGs were characterized by electrophoresis, NMR, and degree of sulfation (DS). The extraction process using the papain enzyme had a yield of 0.86%. Fraction V (FV) revealed the presence of chondroitin sulfate chains CS-A and CS-C, with DS of 0.146. FV demonstrated anticoagulant potential, as it was able to increase aPTT time. FV showed a cytotoxic effect for HTC metabolizing cells at 24, 48, and 72 h. However, it did not show activity for neuroblastoma cells in any of the evaluated times. The results indicate that the tilapia scales are a possible source for obtaining chondroitin sulfate, with potential use as anticoagulant and cytotoxic/antitumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa C de Moura
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil
| | - Claudio R Novello
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Elisângela Düsman
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil
| | - Helyn P O Barddal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Igor V Almeida
- Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Capitão Poço, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandre T Alfaro
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil.
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49
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Betriu N, Bertran-Mas J, Andreeva A, Semino CE. Syndecans and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030349. [PMID: 33669066 PMCID: PMC7996579 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal disease with poor prognosis because patients rarely express symptoms in initial stages, which prevents early detection and diagnosis. Syndecans, a subfamily of proteoglycans, are involved in many physiological processes including cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration. Syndecans are physiologically found in many cell types and their interactions with other macromolecules enhance many pathways. In particular, extracellular matrix components, growth factors, and integrins collect the majority of syndecans associations acting as biochemical, physical, and mechanical transducers. Syndecans are transmembrane glycoproteins, but occasionally their extracellular domain can be released from the cell surface by the action of matrix metalloproteinases, converting them into soluble molecules that are capable of binding distant molecules such as extracellular matrix (ECM) components, growth factor receptors, and integrins from other cells. In this review, we explore the role of syndecans in tumorigenesis as well as their potential as therapeutic targets. Finally, this work reviews the contribution of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 in PDAC progression and illustrates its potential to be targeted in future treatments for this devastating disease.
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50
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Karamanos NK, Theocharis AD, Piperigkou Z, Manou D, Passi A, Skandalis SS, Vynios DH, Orian-Rousseau V, Ricard-Blum S, Schmelzer CEH, Duca L, Durbeej M, Afratis NA, Troeberg L, Franchi M, Masola V, Onisto M. A guide to the composition and functions of the extracellular matrix. FEBS J 2021; 288:6850-6912. [PMID: 33605520 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic 3-dimensional network of macromolecules that provides structural support for the cells and tissues. Accumulated knowledge clearly demonstrated over the last decade that ECM plays key regulatory roles since it orchestrates cell signaling, functions, properties and morphology. Extracellularly secreted as well as cell-bound factors are among the major members of the ECM family. Proteins/glycoproteins, such as collagens, elastin, laminins and tenascins, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronan, and their cell receptors such as CD44 and integrins, responsible for cell adhesion, comprise a well-organized functional network with significant roles in health and disease. On the other hand, enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases and specific glycosidases including heparanase and hyaluronidases contribute to matrix remodeling and affect human health. Several cell processes and functions, among them cell proliferation and survival, migration, differentiation, autophagy, angiogenesis, and immunity regulation are affected by certain matrix components. Structural alterations have been also well associated with disease progression. This guide on the composition and functions of the ECM gives a broad overview of the matrisome, the major ECM macromolecules, and their interaction networks within the ECM and with the cell surface, summarizes their main structural features and their roles in tissue organization and cell functions, and emphasizes the importance of specific ECM constituents in disease development and progression as well as the advances in molecular targeting of ECM to design new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitra Manou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Demitrios H Vynios
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Véronique Orian-Rousseau
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems- Functional Molecular Systems, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- University of Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Christian E H Schmelzer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Laurent Duca
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Team 2: Matrix Aging and Vascular Remodelling, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France
| | - Madeleine Durbeej
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Muscle Biology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Nikolaos A Afratis
- Department Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich, UK
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Study, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Onisto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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