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Liu A, Hu J, Yeh TS, Wang C, Tang J, Huang X, Chen B, Huangfu L, Yu W, Zhang L. Neuroprotective Strategies for Stroke by Natural Products: Advances and Perspectives. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2283-2309. [PMID: 37458258 PMCID: PMC10556387 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230717144752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is a disease with high prevalence and incidence. Its management focuses on rapid reperfusion with intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy. Both therapeutic strategies reduce disability, but the therapy time window is short, and the risk of bleeding is high. Natural products (NPs) have played a key role in drug discovery, especially for cancer and infectious diseases. However, they have made little progress in clinical translation and pose challenges to the treatment of stroke. Recently, with the investigation of precise mechanisms in cerebral ischemic stroke and the technological development of NP-based drug discovery, NPs are addressing these challenges and opening up new opportunities in cerebral stroke. Thus, in this review, we first summarize the structure and function of diverse NPs, including flavonoids, phenols, terpenes, lactones, quinones, alkaloids, and glycosides. Then we propose the comprehensive neuroprotective mechanism of NPs in cerebral ischemic stroke, which involves complex cascade processes of oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, apoptosis or ferroptosis-related cell death, inflammatory response, and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Overall, we stress the neuroprotective effect of NPs and their mechanism on cerebral ischemic stroke for a better understanding of the advances and perspective in NPs application that may provide a rationale for the development of innovative therapeutic regimens in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jingyan Hu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tzu-Shao Yeh
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Chengniu Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jilong Tang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Liexiang Huangfu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Weili Yu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Wang Y, Zhang S, Ni H, Zhang Y, Yan X, Gao Y, He B, Wang W, Liu C, Guo M. Autophagy is involved in the neuroprotective effect of nicotiflorin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114279. [PMID: 34087402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nicotiflorin is a flavonoid glycoside derived from the traditional Chinese medicine FlosCarthami, dried petals of Carthamus tinctorius L., and has been confirmed to be a promising novel drug candidate for ischemic stroke. Yet, the exact role of nicotiflorin in cerebral I/R injury is uncharacterized and the possible mechanisms have not been clearly expounded. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to determine the effect of nicotiflorin on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its relationship with autophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation and reintroduction (OGD/R) in SH-SY5Y cells were established in in vivo and in vitro models, respectively. The severity of MCAO was assessed by brain infarct size, neurological scores and survival rate. The severity of OGD/R was evaluated by cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and cell apoptosis. The level of autophagy was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. Autophagosomes were observed using transmission electron microscopy and autophagic flux was measured using mRFP-GFP-tandem fluorescent LC3 adenovirus. Autophagy-related proteins (LC3-II/I, SQSTM1, beclin-1, Phospho-mTOR/mTOR) were measured by immunoblot. Autophagy-related mRNA levels (Becn1, Atg7) were detected by Real-Time PCR. Inhibition of autophagy was implemented by 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) or chloroquine in vitro. RESULTS In vivo, nicotiflorin treatment alleviated brain damage and neurological deficit while it dramatically increased 72 h survival rate in rats. In vitro, nicotiflorin treatment also ameliorated the severity of OGD/R. Moreover, nicotiflorin treatment increased ischemic penumbra autophagy (autophagosomes, BECN1, LC3-II/I ratio, SQSTM1, Phospho-mTOR/mTOR, Atg7). In vitro, nicotiflorin likewise enhanced autophagy and promoted autophagy flux. Furthermore, the blockade of autophagy by 3-MA or chloroquine disabled the efficacic of nicotiflorin in preventing cell damage upon OGD/R insult. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that autophagy plays a significant role in the protective effect of nicotiflorin against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hailai Ni
- Department of Health Care, Changhai Hospital,Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaodong Yan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Beixuan He
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wenzheng Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Meili Guo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Dadgostar E, Tajiknia V, Shamsaki N, Naderi-Taheri M, Aschner M, Mirzaei H, Tamtaji OR. Aquaporin 4 and brain-related disorders: Insights into its apoptosis roles. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:983-994. [PMID: 34267610 PMCID: PMC8278210 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-3735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain-related disorders are leading global health problems. Various internal and external factors are involved in the progression of brain-related disorders. Inflammatory pathways, oxidative stresses, apoptosis, and deregulations of various channels are critical players in brain-related disorder pathogenesis. Among these players, aquaporins (AQP) have critical roles in various physiological and pathological conditions. AQPs are water channel molecules that permit water to cross the hydrophobic lipid bilayers of cellular membranes. AQP4 is one of the important members of AQP family. AQPs are involved in controlling apoptosis pathways in brain-related disorders. In this regard, several reports have evaluated the pathological effects of AQP4 by targeting the apoptosis-related processes in brain-related disorders. Here, for the first time, we highlight the impact of AQP4 on apoptosis-related processes in brain-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Dadgostar
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vida Tajiknia
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Shamsaki
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Naderi-Taheri
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Novel 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells through p53 mediated intrinsic pathway. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Ewies EF, El-Hussieny M, El-Sayed NF, Fouad MA. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel α-aminophosphonate oxadiazoles via optimized iron triflate catalyzed reaction as apoptotic inducers. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:310-320. [PMID: 31323616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
α-aminophosphonate oxadiazoles (5a-m) were prepared in high yields by reacting of 1,3,4-oxadiazole acetohydrazide (3) with appropriate aldehydes and diethyl phosphite under Kabachnik-Fields conditions using Iron triflate as a catalyst. The reaction conditions were optimized using D-optimal experimental design. Possible reaction mechanisms were considered, and structures of the new products were based upon compatible elementary and spectroscopic evidence. In vitro antitumor activities of these compounds were evaluated against human cancer cell lines of colon (HCT116), breast (MCF7) and liver (HepG2) and compared with anticancer drug, Doxorubicin, employing standard MTT assay. Compounds 5i and 5l demonstrated good antiproliferative activities against HCT116 tumor cells comparable to doxorubicin with low cytotoxicity towards normal fetal colon cell (FHC). Additionally, their capacity to activate apoptosis cascade was studied in HCT116 cell line by investigating the activation of proteolytic caspases cascade, the levels of Cytochrome C, Bax and Bcl-2. Active caspase-3 level was enhanced by 6-8-folds in HCT116 cell line when stimulated with compounds 5i and 5l compared to the control. The level of Caspases 8 & 9 was also increased signifying that intrinsic and extrinsic pathways are both activated. They also induced Bax and down regulated Bcl-2 protein level in addition to over-expressing Cytochrome C level in HCT116 cell line. Also, HCT116 cell cycle was mainly arrested at the Pre-G1 and G2/M phases when treated with compounds 5i and 5l.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewies F Ewies
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 ElBohouth St., (Former El Tahrir) Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Marwa El-Hussieny
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 ElBohouth St., (Former El Tahrir) Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Naglaa F El-Sayed
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 ElBohouth St., (Former El Tahrir) Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Tian Y, Du YY, Shang H, Wang M, Sun ZH, Wang BQ, Deng D, Wang S, Xu XD, Sun GB, Sun XB. Calenduloside E Analogues Protecting H9c2 Cardiomyocytes Against H 2O 2-Induced Apoptosis: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:862. [PMID: 29218010 PMCID: PMC5703861 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of apoptosis is therapeutically effective in cardiomyocytes damage. Calenduloside E (CE), a naturally occurring triterpenoid saponin, is a potent anti-apoptotic agent. However, little is known about its synthetic analogues on the protective effects in apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. The present research was performed to investigate the potential protective effect of CE analogues against H2O2-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and the underlying mechanisms. Sixteen novel CE anologues have been designed, synthesized and biological evaluation. Among the 16 CE anologues, as well as the positive control CE tested, compound 5d was the most effective in improving cardiomyocytes viability. Pretreatment with anologue 5d inhibited ROS generation, maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced apoptotic cardiomyocytes. Moreover, exposure to H2O2 significantly increased the levels of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP, and decreased the level of Bcl-2, resulting in cell apoptosis. Pretreatment with anologue 5d (0.02-0.5 μg/mL) dose-dependently upregulated antiapoptotic proteins and downregulated proapoptotic proteins mentioned above during H2O2-induced apoptosis. These results suggested that CE analogues provide protection to H9c2 cardiomyocytes against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, most likely via anti-apoptotic mechanism, and provided the basis for the further optimization of the CE analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Zhong Guan Cun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Yang Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Zhong Guan Cun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Shang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Zhong Guan Cun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Zhong Guan Cun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Hao Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Zhong Guan Cun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Qi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Zhong Guan Cun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center of Research and Development on Life Sciences and Environment Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Di Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Zhong Guan Cun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center of Research and Development on Life Sciences and Environment Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Zhong Guan Cun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Dong Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Zhong Guan Cun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Bo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Zhong Guan Cun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Zhong Guan Cun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Insights into the Roles of Midazolam in Cancer Therapy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3826506. [PMID: 28706559 PMCID: PMC5494572 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3826506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With its high worldwide mortality and morbidity, cancer has gained increasing attention and novel anticancer drugs have become the focus for cancer research. Recently, studies have shown that most anesthetic agents can influence the activity of tumor cells. Midazolam is a γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor agonist, used widely for preoperative sedation and as an adjuvant during neuraxial blockade. Some studies have indicated the potential for midazolam as a novel therapeutic cancer drug; however, the mechanism by which midazolam affects cancer cells needs to be clarified. This systematic review aims to summarize the progress in assessing the molecular mechanism of midazolam as an anticancer agent.
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Oukerrou MA, Tilaoui M, Mouse HA, Bouchmaa N, Zyad A. Differential Cytotoxic Activity of Essential Oil of Lippia citriodora from Different Regions in Morocco. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28317320 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of the essential oil of dried leaves of Lippia citriodora (H.B. & K.) harvested in different regions of Morocco. This effect was evaluated against the P815 murine mastocytoma cell line using the MTT assay. Interestingly, this work demonstrated for the first time that these essential oils exhibited a strong cytotoxic activity against the P815 cell line, with IC50 values ranging from 7.75 to 13.25 μg/ml. This cytotoxicity began early and increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The chemical profile of these essential oils was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Importantly, the difference in terms of major components' contents was not significant suggesting probably that the differential cytotoxicity between these essential oils could be attributed to the difference in the content of these essential oils in minor compounds, which could interact with each other or with the main molecules. Finally, this study demonstrated for the first time that essential oils of L. citriodora from different regions in Morocco induced apoptosis against P815 tumor cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moulay Ali Oukerrou
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Natural Substances, Cellular and Molecular Immuno-Pharmacology, Immunobiology of Cancer Cells Cluster, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.B 523, 23000, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Mounir Tilaoui
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Natural Substances, Cellular and Molecular Immuno-Pharmacology, Immunobiology of Cancer Cells Cluster, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.B 523, 23000, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Hassan Ait Mouse
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Natural Substances, Cellular and Molecular Immuno-Pharmacology, Immunobiology of Cancer Cells Cluster, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.B 523, 23000, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Najat Bouchmaa
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Natural Substances, Cellular and Molecular Immuno-Pharmacology, Immunobiology of Cancer Cells Cluster, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.B 523, 23000, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Abdelmajid Zyad
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Natural Substances, Cellular and Molecular Immuno-Pharmacology, Immunobiology of Cancer Cells Cluster, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.B 523, 23000, Beni Mellal, Morocco
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Yu BW, Li JL, Guo BB, Fan HM, Zhao WM, Wang HY. Chlorogenic acid analogues from Gynura nepalensis protect H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against H 2O 2-induced apoptosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1413-1422. [PMID: 27593219 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Chlorogenic acid has shown protective effect on cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress-induced damage. Herein, we evaluated nine caffeoylquinic acid analogues (1-9) isolated from the leaves of Gynura nepalensis for their protective effect against H2O2-induced H9c2 cardiomyoblast damage and explored the underlying mechanisms. METHODS H9c2 cardiomyoblasts were exposed to H2O2 (0.3 mmol/L) for 3 h, and cell viability was detected with MTT assay. Hoechst 33342 staining was performed to evaluate cell apoptosis. MMPs (mitochondrial membrane potentials) were measured using a JC-1 assay kit, and ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation was measured using CM-H2 DCFDA. The expression levels of relevant proteins were detected using Western blot analysis. RESULTS Exposure to H2O2 markedly decreased the viability of H9c2 cells and catalase activity, and increased LDH release and intracellular ROS production; accompanied by a loss of MMP and increased apoptotic rate. Among the 9 chlorogenic acid analogues as well as the positive control drug epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) tested, compound 6 (3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid ethyl ester) was the most effective in protecting H9c2 cells from H2O2-induced cell death. Pretreatment with compound 6 (1.56-100 μmol/L) dose-dependently alleviated all the H2O2-induced detrimental effects. Moreover, exposure to H2O2 significantly increased the levels of Bax, p53, cleaved caspase-8, and cleaved caspase-9, and decreased the level of Bcl-2, resulting in cell apoptosis. Exposure to H2O2 also significantly increased the phosphorylation of p38, JNK and ERK in the H9c2 cells. Pretreatment with compound 6 (12.5 and 25 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited the H2O2-induced increase in the level of cleaved caspase-9 but not of cleaved caspase-8. It also dose-dependently suppressed the H2O2-induced phosphorylation of JNK and ERK but not that of p38. CONCLUSION Compound 6 isolated from the leaves of Gynura nepalensis potently protects H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against H2O2-induced apoptosis, possibly by inhibiting intrinsic apoptosis and the ERK/JNK pathway.
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Ruocco N, Costantini S, Costantini M. Blue-Print Autophagy: Potential for Cancer Treatment. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14070138. [PMID: 27455284 PMCID: PMC4962028 DOI: 10.3390/md14070138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine environment represents a very rich source of biologically active compounds with pharmacological applications. This is due to its chemical richness, which is claiming considerable attention from the health science communities. In this review we give a general overview on the marine natural products involved in stimulation and inhibition of autophagy (a type of programmed cell death) linked to pharmacological and pathological conditions. Autophagy represents a complex multistep cellular process, wherein a double membrane vesicle (the autophagosome) captures organelles and proteins and delivers them to the lysosome. This natural and destructive mechanism allows the cells to degrade and recycle its cellular components, such as amino acids, monosaccharides, and lipids. Autophagy is an important mechanism used by cells to clear pathogenic organism and deal with stresses. Therefore, it has also been implicated in several diseases, predominantly in cancer. In fact, pharmacological stimulation or inhibition of autophagy have been proposed as approaches to develop new therapeutic treatments of cancers. In conclusion, this blue-print autophagy (so defined because it is induced and/or inhibited by marine natural products) represents a new strategy for the future of biomedicine and of biotechnology in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ruocco
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
| | - Susan Costantini
- CROM, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Maria Costantini
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
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Sobiesiak M, Muzioł T, Rozalski M, Krajewska U, Budzisz E. Co(ii), Ni(ii) and Cu(ii) complexes with phenylthiazole and thiosemicarbazone-derived ligands: synthesis, structure and cytotoxic effects. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00977k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Synthesis, physico-chemical properties and biological analysis of newly obtained copper(II) complexes with pyrazole derivatives. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 135:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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13
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Bournine L, Bensalem S, Peixoto P, Gonzalez A, Maiza-Benabdesselam F, Bedjou F, Wauters JN, Tits M, Frédérich M, Castronovo V, Bellahcène A. Revealing the anti-tumoral effect of Algerian Glaucium flavum roots against human cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:1211-1218. [PMID: 23860409 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Glaucium flavum (G. flavum) is a plant from the Papaveraceae family native to Algeria where it is used in local traditional medicine to treat warts. G. flavum root crude alkaloid extract inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and induced G2/M phase cycle arrest and apoptosis without affecting normal cells, which is a highly awaited feature of potential anti-cancer agents. G. flavum significantly reduced growth and vascularization of human glioma tumors on chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) in vivo. The chromatographic profile of the dichloromethane extract of G. flavum root showed the presence of different constituents including the isoquinoline alkaloid protopine, as the major compound. We report for the first time that G. flavum extract may represent a new promising agent for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamine Bournine
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Ethnobotany, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria; Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, CIRM, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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14
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Perret GY, Uzzan B. An anticancer strategic dilemma: to kill or to contain. The choice of the pharmaceutical industry in 2009. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 25:283-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Larsen CP, Walker PD, Thoene JG. The incidence of atubular glomeruli in nephropathic cystinosis renal biopsies. Mol Genet Metab 2010; 101:417-20. [PMID: 20826102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nephropathic cystinosis results from lysosomal cystine storage and, if untreated with cysteamine, results in end-stage renal disease by 10 years of age. The renal Fanconi syndrome occurs in the first year of life and is accompanied by a characteristic "swan neck" deformity of the proximal renal tubule. The linkage between cystine storage, Fanconi syndrome, and renal failure has not been understood. This study reports the presence of substantial numbers of atubular glomeruli (ATG) in end-stage cystinotic renal tissue. Compared to normal renal tissue, cystinotic kidneys at end stage had 69% atubular glomeruli and 30% atrophic glomeruli. Normal renal tissue had 4% ATG and 0% atrophic glomeruli (p<0.0001 for both comparisons). These nonfunctioning nephrons may be the end result of cell loss from the tubules and represent the final stage of the swan neck deformity. The process is consistent with the previously reported increased apoptosis in renal tubule cells due to lysosomal cystine storage.
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Sanchis J, Canal F, Lucas R, Vicent MJ. Polymer–drug conjugates for novel molecular targets. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:915-35. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer therapeutics can be already considered as a promising field in the human healthcare context. The discovery of the enhanced permeability and retention effect by Maeda, together with the modular model for the polymer–drug conjugate proposed by Ringsdorf, directed the early steps of polymer therapeutics towards cancer therapy. Orthodox anticancer drugs were preferentially chosen in the development of the first conjugates. The fast evolution of polymer chemistry and bioconjugation techniques, and a deeper understanding of cell biology has opened up exciting new challenges and opportunities. Four main directions have to be considered to develop this ‘platform technology’ further: the control of the synthetic process, the exhaustive characterization of the conjugate architectures, the conquest of combination therapy and the disclosure of new therapeutic targets. We illustrate in this article the exciting approaches offered by polymer–drug conjugates beyond classical cancer therapy, focusing on new, more effective and selective targets in cancer and in their use as treatments for other major human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rut Lucas
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Medicinal Chemistry Department, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. Av. Autopista del Saler, 16. E-46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - María J Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Medicinal Chemistry Department, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. Av. Autopista del Saler, 16. E-46012 Valencia, Spain
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Fluorinated isatin derivatives. Part 3. New side-chain fluoro-functionalized pyrrolidinyl sulfonyl isatins as potent caspase-3 and -7 inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2009; 1:969-89. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dysregulation of type I programmed cell death (apoptosis) leads to a variety of diseases, among which cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders are the most prominent and widespread. Effector caspases such as caspases-3 and -7 get activated during the apoptotic signaling cascade and hence represent a biological target for the diagnosis and therapy of apoptosis-associated diseases. Methods: Synthesis of potent fluorinated analogs of the lead compound (S)-(+)-5-[1-(2-methoxymethylpyrrolidinyl)sulfonyl]isatin facilitates the aim-oriented identification of precursor candidates for 18F-radiofluorination resulting in radiolabeled compounds that could be employed as tracers for the specific imaging of apoptosis in vivo, using positron-emission tomography. Conclusion: Within a series of new mono-, di- and trifluoromethylated pyrrolidine ring analogs of the lead compound, high inhibition potencies were found for caspases-3 and -7 with IC50 values up to 30 and 37 nM, respectively. A new oxidative desulfurization–fluorination protocol was shown to be a versatile technique for fluorine incorporation.
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Wu L, Yang L, Huang J, Zhang L, Weng X, Zhang X, Shen C, Zhou X, Zheng C. Cationic Ester Porphyrins Cause High Levels of Phototoxicity in Tumor Cells and Induction of Apoptosis in HeLa Cells. Chem Biodivers 2009; 6:1066-76. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Podichetty AK, Faust A, Kopka K, Wagner S, Schober O, Schäfers M, Haufe G. Fluorinated isatin derivatives. Part 1: Synthesis of new N-substituted (S)-5-[1-(2-methoxymethylpyrrolidinyl)sulfonyl]isatins as potent caspase-3 and -7 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:2680-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 02/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Thompson CM, Quinn CA, Hergenrother PJ. Total Synthesis and Cytoprotective Properties of Dykellic Acid. J Med Chem 2008; 52:117-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801169s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Catherine A. Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Zhai B, Shuai L, Yang L, Weng X, Wu L, Wang S, Tian T, Wu X, Zhou X, Zheng C. Octa-Substituted Anionic Porphyrins: Topoisomerase I Inhibition and Tumor Cell Apoptosis Induction. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1535-42. [DOI: 10.1021/bc7004686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoping Zhai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and School of Life Science, Wuhan University, Hubei, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Li Shuai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and School of Life Science, Wuhan University, Hubei, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and School of Life Science, Wuhan University, Hubei, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Xiaocheng Weng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and School of Life Science, Wuhan University, Hubei, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Lin Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and School of Life Science, Wuhan University, Hubei, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Shaoru Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and School of Life Science, Wuhan University, Hubei, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Tian Tian
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and School of Life Science, Wuhan University, Hubei, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and School of Life Science, Wuhan University, Hubei, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and School of Life Science, Wuhan University, Hubei, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Congyi Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and School of Life Science, Wuhan University, Hubei, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Nikolova GS, Haufe G. Stereoselective synthesis of (2S,3S,4Z)-4-fluoro-1,3-dihydroxy-2-(octadecanoylamino)octadec-4-ene, [(Z)-4-fluoroceramide], and its phase behavior at the air/water interface. Beilstein J Org Chem 2008; 4:12. [PMID: 18941484 PMCID: PMC2486483 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingolipids belong to the most important constituents of the membranes of eukaryotic cells. As intermediates in sphingolipid metabolism, sphingosine and its N-octadecanoyl-derivative, ceramide, exhibit a variety of biological functions. These compounds play a crucial role in many essential biological processes such as cell growth, cell differentiation, cell recognition and apoptosis. More specifically, sphingolipids are crucial e.g. for the function of the skin because they contribute to the formation of the water permeability barrier consisting of a highly organized multilaminar lipid matrix of free fatty acids, cholesterol and ceramides containing additional hydroxyl groups in the sphingosin part and longer fatty acid amide functions. RESULTS In a short synthetic route (2S,3S)-4-fluorosphingosine and 4-fluoroceramide, the fluorinated analogues of the natural products, D-erythro-sphingosine and ceramide, have been prepared. The key step of the synthetic sequence is an asymmetric aldol reaction of (Z)-2-fluorohexadec-2-enal, prepared in three steps from tetradecanal, with an enantiopure N-protected iminoglycinate. Deprotection of the imino function and reduction of the ester group led to the 4-fluorosphingosine, which on acetylation with stearoyl chloride gave 4-fluoroceramide. After careful HPLC purification of the latter compound its phase behavior was investigated by Langmuir film balance technique and compared to that of natural ceramide. While the isotherms are quite similar in shape, they differ significantly in the starting point of increasing film pressure (56 or 67 A(2)/molecule) and in the film collapse pressure (38 or 56 mN/m) for ceramide and 4-fluoroceramide, respectively. Moreover, the hysteresis curves are very different. While consecutive isothermic compression - expansion cycles are reversible for the 4-fluoro derivative, substantial substance loss into the subphase or irreversible formation of multi-layers was observed for natural ceramide. CONCLUSIONS Asymmetric aldol reaction proved to be successful for the preparation of enantiopure 4-fluoroceramide. Surface/pressure isotherms and hysteresis curves of ceramide and its 4-fluoro derivative showed that the presence of fluorine leads to stronger intermolecular interactions between the hydrophobic chains of neighboring molecules, and therefore to increasing stability of the monolayer of 4-fluoroceramide at the air water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergana S Nikolova
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Abstract
The successful clinical application of polymer-protein conjugates (PEGylated enzymes and cytokines) and the promising results arising from clinical trials with polymer-bound chemotherapy (eg, doxorubicin or paclitaxel) have established their potential to reduce toxicity and improve activity in chemotherapy-refractory patients. Furthermore, and more important, they have also provided a firm foundation for more sophisticated second-generation constructs that deliver the newly emerging target-directed bioactive agents (eg, modulators of apoptosis, cell cycle, anti-angiogenic drugs) in addition to polymer-based drug combinations (eg, endocrine therapy and chemotherapy). This review will focus on polymer-drug conjugate modulators of cellular apoptosis to be used as single pro-apoptotic (eg, cancer) or anti-apoptotic (eg, ischemia) agents or as a combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46013 Valencia, Spain.
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Song Y, Wang P, Wu J, Zhou X, Zhang XL, Weng L, Cao X, Liang F. Biological studies of photoinducible phenol quaternary ammonium derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:1660-4. [PMID: 16384705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2005] [Revised: 11/27/2005] [Accepted: 12/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Three water-soluble DNA cross-linking phenol quaternary ammonium derivatives 3, 4, and 5 could inhibit the transcription in vitro by photoactivation. DNA interstrand cross-linking action might be the key factor to inhibit transcription by these compounds. Further tumor cell apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry it indicated that cross-linking agent 5 could significantly induce the late apoptosis of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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He H, Zhou Y, Liang F, Li D, Wu J, Yang L, Zhou X, Zhang X, Cao X. Combination of porphyrins and DNA-alkylation agents: Synthesis and tumor cell apoptosis induction. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:1068-77. [PMID: 16289853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2005] [Revised: 09/12/2005] [Accepted: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of porphyrin-DNA cross-linking conjugates were synthesized. Their cytotoxicities to tumor cells were tested using MTT assays first. Then, HeLa cell apoptosis induced by these cationic porphyrins under the light was examined by laser confocal microscopy, flow cytometric analysis, and further confirmed by observing the morphological changes and DNA fragmentation mainly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanping He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei, PR China
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Vicent MJ, Duncan R. Polymer conjugates: nanosized medicines for treating cancer. Trends Biotechnol 2005; 24:39-47. [PMID: 16307811 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2005.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Revised: 09/22/2005] [Accepted: 11/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Interdisciplinary research at the interface of polymer chemistry and the biomedical sciences has produced the first polymer-based nanomedicines for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. These water-soluble hybrid constructs, designed for intravenous administration, fall into two main categories: polymer-protein conjugates or polymer-drug conjugates. Polymer conjugation to proteins reduces immunogenicity, prolongs plasma half-life and enhances protein stability. Polymer-drug conjugation promotes tumor targeting through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and, at the cellular level following endocytic capture, allows lysosomotropic drug delivery. The successful clinical application of polymer-protein conjugates (PEGylated enzymes and cytokines) and promising results arising from clinical trials with polymer-bound chemotherapy (e.g. doxorubicin, paclitaxel, camptothecins) has provided a firm foundation for more sophisticated second-generation constructs that deliver the newly emerging target-directed anticancer agents (e.g. modulators of the cell cycle, signal transduction inhibitors and antiangiogenic drugs) in addition to polymer-drug combinations (e.g. endocrine- and chemo-therapy).
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Vicent
- Centre for Polymer Therapeutics, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, UK.
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