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Tepper K, Edwards O, Sunna A, Paulsen IT, Maselko M. Diverting organic waste from landfills via insect biomanufacturing using engineered black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens). Commun Biol 2024; 7:862. [PMID: 39048665 PMCID: PMC11269589 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A major roadblock towards the realisation of a circular economy are the lack of high-value products that can be generated from waste. Black soldier flies (BSF; Hermetia illucens) are gaining traction for their ability to rapidly consume large quantities of organic wastes. However, these are primarily used to produce a small variety of products, such as animal feed ingredients and fertiliser. Using synthetic biology, BSF could be developed into a novel sustainable biomanufacturing platform to valorise a broader variety of organic waste feedstocks into enhanced animal feeds, a large variety of high-value biomolecules including industrial enzymes and lipids, and improved fertiliser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Tepper
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- EntoZyme PTY LTD, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Anwar Sunna
- School of Natural Sciences, Mascquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian T Paulsen
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Mascquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maciej Maselko
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- EntoZyme PTY LTD, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Rodriguez Rodriguez ER, Nordvang RT, Petersson M, Rendsvig JKH, Arendrup EW, Fernández Quintero ML, Jenkins TP, Laustsen AH, Thrane SW. Fit-for-purpose heterodivalent single-domain antibody for gastrointestinal targeting of toxin B from Clostridium difficile. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e5035. [PMID: 38923049 PMCID: PMC11201815 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), such as VHHs, are increasingly being developed for gastrointestinal (GI) applications against pathogens to strengthen gut health. However, what constitutes a suitable developability profile for applying these proteins in a gastrointestinal setting remains poorly explored. Here, we describe an in vitro methodology for the identification of sdAb derivatives, more specifically divalent VHH constructs, that display extraordinary developability properties for oral delivery and functionality in the GI environment. We showcase this by developing a heterodivalent VHH construct that cross-inhibits the toxic activity of the glycosyltransferase domains (GTDs) from three different toxinotypes of cytotoxin B (TcdB) from lineages of Clostridium difficile. We show that the VHH construct possesses high stability and binding activity under gastric conditions, in the presence of bile salts, and at high temperatures. We suggest that the incorporation of early developability assessment could significantly aid in the efficient discovery of VHHs and related constructs fit for oral delivery and GI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcus Petersson
- Bactolife A/SCopenhagen EastDenmark
- Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
| | | | | | | | - Timothy P. Jenkins
- Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
| | - Andreas H. Laustsen
- Bactolife A/SCopenhagen EastDenmark
- Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
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Liu ML, Liang XM, Jin MY, Huang HW, Luo L, Wang H, Shen X, Xu ZL. Food-Borne Biotoxin Neutralization in Vivo by Nanobodies: Current Status and Prospects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10753-10771. [PMID: 38706131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Food-borne biotoxins from microbes, plants, or animals contaminate unclean, spoiled, and rotten foods, posing significant health risks. Neutralizing such toxins is vital for human health, especially after food poisoning. Nanobodies (Nbs), a type of single-domain antibodies derived from the genetic cloning of a variable domain of heavy chain antibodies (VHHs) in camels, offer unique advantages in toxin neutralization. Their small size, high stability, and precise binding enable effective neutralization. The use of Nbs in neutralizing food-borne biotoxins offers numerous benefits, and their genetic malleability allows tailored optimization for diverse toxins. As nanotechnology continues to evolve and improve, Nbs are poised to become increasingly efficient and safer tools for toxin neutralization, playing a pivotal role in safeguarding human health and environmental safety. This review not only highlights the efficacy of these agents in neutralizing toxins but also proposes innovative solutions to address their current challenges. It lays a solid foundation for their further development in this crucial field and propels their commercial application, thereby contributing significantly to advancements in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ling Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming-Yu Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan, University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Hui-Wei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Jenkins TP, Ács N, Arendrup EW, Swift A, Duzs Á, Chatzigiannidou I, Pichler M, Kittilä T, Peachey L, Gram L, Canibe N, Laustsen AH, Brix S, Thrane SW. Protecting the piglet gut microbiota against ETEC-mediated post-weaning diarrhoea using specific binding proteins. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:42. [PMID: 38697985 PMCID: PMC11066037 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) in piglets presents a widespread problem in industrial pig production and is often caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains. Current solutions, such as antibiotics and medicinal zinc oxide, are unsustainable and are increasingly being prohibited, resulting in a dire need for novel solutions. Thus, in this study, we propose and evaluate a protein-based feed additive, comprising two bivalent heavy chain variable domain (VHH) constructs (VHH-(GGGGS)3-VHH, BL1.2 and BL2.2) as an alternative solution to manage PWD. We demonstrate in vitro that these constructs bind to ETEC toxins and fimbriae, whilst they do no affect bacterial growth rate. Furthermore, in a pig study, we show that oral administration of these constructs after ETEC challenge reduced ETEC proliferation when compared to challenged control piglets (1-2 log10 units difference in gene copies and bacterial count/g faeces across day 2-7) and resulted in week 1 enrichment of three bacterial families (Prevotellaceae (estimate: 1.12 ± 0.25, q = 0.0054), Lactobacillaceae (estimate: 2.86 ± 0.52, q = 0.0012), and Ruminococcaceae (estimate: 0.66 ± 0.18, q = 0.049)) within the gut microbiota that appeared later in challenged control piglets, thus pointing to an earlier transition towards a more mature gut microbiota. These data suggest that such VHH constructs may find utility in industrial pig production as a feed additive for tackling ETEC and reducing the risk of PWD in piglet populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Patrick Jenkins
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Norbert Ács
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Abbie Swift
- Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ágnes Duzs
- Bactolife A/S, Rønnegade 8, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ioanna Chatzigiannidou
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Pichler
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tiia Kittilä
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Laura Peachey
- Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nuria Canibe
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Andreas Hougaard Laustsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
- Bactolife A/S, Rønnegade 8, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Dhehibi A, Terrak M, Seddik MM, Hammadi M, Salhi I. Development of a bispecific Nanobody anti-F17 fimbria as a potential therapeutic tool. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 215:106411. [PMID: 38056514 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli F17+ are associated with various intestinal and extra-intestinal pathologies, including diarrhea, and result in significant animal mortality. These infections rely on the expression of virulence factors, such as F17 fimbriae, for adhesion. F17 fimbriae form a protective layer on the surface of E. coli bacteria, consisting of a major structural subunit, F17A, and a minor functional subunit, F17G. Because of the evolution of bacterial resistance, conventional antibiotic treatments have limited efficacy. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop novel therapeutic tools. In this study, we cloned and produced the F17G protein. We then immunized a camel with the purified F17G protein and constructed a VHH library consisting of 2 × 109 clones. The library was then screened against F17G protein using phage display technology. Through this process, we identified an anti-F17G nanobody that was subsequently linked, via a linker, to an anti-F17A nanobody, resulting in the creation of an effective bispecific nanobody. Comprehensive characterization of this bispecific nanobody demonstrated excellent production, specific binding capacity to both recombinant forms of the two F17 antigens and the E. coli F17+ strain, remarkable stability in camel serum, and superior resistance to pepsin protease. The successful generation of this bispecific nanobody with excellent production, specific binding capacity and stability highlights its potential as a valuable tool for fighting infections caused by pathogenic E. coli F17+ strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Dhehibi
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory (LR16IRA04), Arid Lands Institute (I.R.A), University of Gabès, Médenine, 4119, Tunisia.
| | - Mohammed Terrak
- InBioS-Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liege, B-4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Mabrouk-Mouldi Seddik
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory (LR16IRA04), Arid Lands Institute (I.R.A), University of Gabès, Médenine, 4119, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hammadi
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory (LR16IRA04), Arid Lands Institute (I.R.A), University of Gabès, Médenine, 4119, Tunisia
| | - Imed Salhi
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory (LR16IRA04), Arid Lands Institute (I.R.A), University of Gabès, Médenine, 4119, Tunisia
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Koroleva EA, Goryainova OS, Ivanova TI, Rutovskaya MV, Zigangirova NA, Tillib SV. Anti-Idiotypic Nanobodies Mimicking an Epitope of the Needle Protein of the Chlamydial Type III Secretion System for Targeted Immune Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2047. [PMID: 38396724 PMCID: PMC10889375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of new approaches and drugs for effective control of the chronic and complicated forms of urogenital chlamydia caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, which is suspected to be one of the main causes of infertility in both women and men, is an urgent task. We used the technology of single-domain antibody (nanobody) generation both for the production of targeting anti-chlamydia molecules and for the subsequent acquisition of anti-idiotypic nanobodies (ai-Nbs) mimicking the structure of a given epitope of the pathogen (the epitope of the Chlamydial Type III Secretion System Needle Protein). In a mouse model, we have shown that the obtained ai-Nbs are able to induce a narrowly specific humoral immune response in the host, leading to the generation of intrinsic anti-Chlamydia antibodies, potentially therapeutic, specifically recognizing a given antigenic epitope of Chlamydia. The immune sera derived from mice immunized with ai-Nbs are able to suppress chlamydial infection in vitro. We hypothesize that the proposed method of the creation and use of ai-Nbs, which mimic and present to the host immune system exactly the desired region of the antigen, create a fundamentally new universal approach to generating molecular structures as a part of specific vaccine for the targeted induction of immune response, especially useful in cases where it is difficult to prepare an antigen preserving the desired epitope in its native conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Koroleva
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 34/5, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.K.)
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana S. Goryainova
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 34/5, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.K.)
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana I. Ivanova
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 34/5, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.K.)
| | - Marina V. Rutovskaya
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 34/5, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.K.)
| | - Naylia A. Zigangirova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei V. Tillib
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 34/5, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.K.)
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Liu ML, He XT, Xu ZL, Deng H, Shen YD, Luo L, Shen X, Chen ZJ, Hammock B, Wang H. Development of a Biotinylated Nanobody-Based Gold Nanoparticle Immunochromatographic Assay for the Detection of Procymidone in Crops. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13137-13146. [PMID: 37611148 PMCID: PMC10849196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
A heavy-chain antibody (VHH) library against procymidone (PRM) was constructed via immunizing Bactrian camels. Through careful biopanning, seven nanobodies (Nbs) with different sequences were obtained. The variability in their performance was primarily attributed to the amino acid differences in complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3), as analyzed by molecular docking. The Nb exhibiting the highest sensitivity, named NbFM5, was biotinylated and conjugated to streptavidin-labeled gold nanoparticles to preserve the epitope's activity and prevent a decrease in sensitivity due to traditional random electrostatic adsorption. Subsequently, a simple and sensitive immunochromatographic assay (ICA) was developed for rapid detection of PRM based on biotinylated Nb (btNb). The developed btNb-ICA showed a cut-off value of 200 ng/mL for visual judgment and a half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 6.04 ng/mL for quantitative detection. The limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 0.88 ng/mL. The recoveries in actual samples of crops ranged from 82.2 to 117.3%, aligning well with the results obtained from GC-MS/MS (R2 = 0.995). In summary, the developed btNb-ICA demonstrated high specificity and good accuracy for the rapid detection of PRM residues in vegetables. The total analysis time from preparing the sample to obtaining the result was less than 25 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ling Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Ting He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Cold-chain of Hainan Province / Institute of Agro-products Processing and Design, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Yu-Dong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zi-Jian Chen
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Zhaoqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, China
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Kunz S, Durandy M, Seguin L, Feral CC. NANOBODY ® Molecule, a Giga Medical Tool in Nanodimensions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13229. [PMID: 37686035 PMCID: PMC10487883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although antibodies remain the most widely used tool for biomedical research, antibody technology is not flawless. Innovative alternatives, such as Nanobody® molecules, were developed to address the shortcomings of conventional antibodies. Nanobody® molecules are antigen-binding variable-domain fragments derived from the heavy-chain-only antibodies of camelids (VHH) and combine the advantageous properties of small molecules and monoclonal antibodies. Nanobody® molecules present a small size (~15 kDa, 4 nm long and 2.5 nm wide), high solubility, stability, specificity, and affinity, ease of cloning, and thermal and chemical resistance. Recombinant production in microorganisms is cost-effective, and VHH are also building blocks for multidomain constructs. These unique features led to numerous applications in fundamental research, diagnostics, and therapy. Nanobody® molecules are employed as biomarker probes and, when fused to radioisotopes or fluorophores, represent ideal non-invasive in vivo imaging agents. They can be used as neutralizing agents, receptor-ligand antagonists, or in targeted vehicle-based drug therapy. As early as 2018, the first Nanobody®, Cablivi (caplacizumab), a single-domain antibody (sdAb) drug developed by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi for the treatment of adult patients with acquired thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP), was launched. Nanobody® compounds are ideal tools for further development in clinics for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kunz
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, IRCAN, 06107 Nice, France; (S.K.); (M.D.); (L.S.)
- Department of Oncology, Sanofi Research Center, 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Manon Durandy
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, IRCAN, 06107 Nice, France; (S.K.); (M.D.); (L.S.)
| | - Laetitia Seguin
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, IRCAN, 06107 Nice, France; (S.K.); (M.D.); (L.S.)
| | - Chloe C. Feral
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, IRCAN, 06107 Nice, France; (S.K.); (M.D.); (L.S.)
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