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Ou J, Cui W, Zhao Y, Tang Y, Williams A, Wasalathanthri D, Xu J, Lee J, Borys MC, Khetan A. Use of spectroscopic process analytical technology for rapid quality evaluation during preparation of CHO cell culture media. Biotechnol Prog 2024:e3477. [PMID: 38699906 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Media preparation parameters contribute significantly to media quality, cell culture performance, productivity, and product quality. Establishing proper media preparation procedures is critical for ensuring a robust CHO cell culture process. Process analytical technology (PAT) enables unique ways to quantify assessments and improve media quality. Here, cell culture media were prepared under a wide range of temperatures (40-80°C) and pH (7.6-10.0). Media quality profiles were compared using three real-time PATs: Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy. FTIR and Raman spectroscopies identified shifts in media quality under high preparation temperature (80°C) and at differing preparation pH which negatively impacted monoclonal antibody (mAb) production. In fed-batch processes for production of three different mAbs, viable cell density (VCD) and cell viability were mostly unaffected under all media preparation temperatures, while titer and cell specific productivity of mAb decreased when cultured in basal and feed media prepared at 80°C. High feed preparation pH alone was tolerated but cell growth and productivity profiles deviated from the control condition. Further, charge variants (main, acidic, basic species) and glycosylation (G0F, afucosylation, and high mannose) were examined. Statistically significant differences were observed for one or more of these quality attributes with any shifts in media preparation. In this study, we demonstrated strong associations between media preparation conditions and cell growth, productivity, and product quality. The rapid evaluation of media by PAT implementation enabled more comprehensive understanding of different parameters on media quality and consequential effects on CHO cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfa Ou
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wanyue Cui
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yawen Tang
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Williams
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dhanuka Wasalathanthri
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jianlin Xu
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jongchan Lee
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael C Borys
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anurag Khetan
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
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Oehlenschläger K, Volkmar M, Stiefelmaier J, Langsdorf A, Holtmann D, Tippkötter N, Ulber R. New insights into the influence of pre-culture on robust solvent production of C. acetobutylicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:143. [PMID: 38231267 PMCID: PMC10794392 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Clostridia are known for their solvent production, especially the production of butanol. Concerning the projected depletion of fossil fuels, this is of great interest. The cultivation of clostridia is known to be challenging, and it is difficult to achieve reproducible results and robust processes. However, existing publications usually concentrate on the cultivation conditions of the main culture. In this paper, the influence of cryo-conservation and pre-culture on growth and solvent production in the resulting main cultivation are examined. A protocol was developed that leads to reproducible cultivations of Clostridium acetobutylicum. Detailed investigation of the cell conservation in cryo-cultures ensured reliable cell growth in the pre-culture. Moreover, a reason for the acid crash in the main culture was found, based on the cultivation conditions of the pre-culture. The critical parameter to avoid the acid crash and accomplish the shift to the solventogenesis of clostridia is the metabolic phase in which the cells of the pre-culture were at the time of inoculation of the main culture; this depends on the cultivation time of the pre-culture. Using cells from the exponential growth phase to inoculate the main culture leads to an acid crash. To achieve the solventogenic phase with butanol production, the inoculum should consist of older cells which are in the stationary growth phase. Considering these parameters, which affect the entire cultivation process, reproducible results and reliable solvent production are ensured. KEY POINTS: • Both cryo- and pre-culture strongly impact the cultivation of C. acetobutylicum • Cultivation conditions of the pre-culture are a reason for the acid crash • Inoculum from cells in stationary growth phase ensures shift to solventogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Oehlenschläger
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Marianne Volkmar
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Judith Stiefelmaier
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Alexander Langsdorf
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstraße 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nils Tippkötter
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Downstream Processing, University of Applied Sciences Aachen, Heinrich-Mußmann-Straße 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Qi X, Gao X, Wang X, Xu P. Harnessing Pseudomonas putida in bioelectrochemical systems. Trends Biotechnol 2024:S0167-7799(23)00341-4. [PMID: 38184440 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), a group of promising integrated systems that combine the advantages of biotechnology and electrochemical techniques, offer new opportunities to address environmental and energy challenges. Exoelectrogens capable of extracellular electron transfer (EET) are the critical factor enabling electrocatalytic activity in BESs. Pseudomonas putida, an aerobe widely used in environmental bioremediation, the biosynthesis of valuable chemicals, and energy bioproduction, has attracted much attention due to its unique application potential in BESs. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the working principles, key factors, and applications of BESs using P. putida as the exoelectrogen. The challenges and perspectives for the development of BESs with P. putida as the exoelectrogen are also proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- College of Arts and Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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Volkmar M, Maus AL, Weisbrodt M, Bohlender J, Langsdorf A, Holtmann D, Ulber R. Municipal green waste as substrate for the microbial production of platform chemicals. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:43. [PMID: 38647939 PMCID: PMC10991188 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In Germany alone, more than 5·106 tons of municipal green waste is produced each year. So far, this material is not used in an economically worthwhile way. In this work, grass clippings and tree pruning as examples of municipal green waste were utilized as feedstock for the microbial production of platform chemicals. A pretreatment procedure depending on the moisture and lignin content of the biomass was developed. The suitability of grass press juice and enzymatic hydrolysate of lignocellulosic biomass pretreated with an organosolv process as fermentation medium or medium supplement for the cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis, Ustilago maydis, and Clostridium acetobutylicum was demonstrated. Product concentrations of 9.4 gethanol L-1, 16.9 glactic acid L-1, 20.0 gitaconic acid L-1, and 15.5 gsolvents L-1 were achieved in the different processes. Yields were in the same range as or higher than those of reference processes grown in established standard media. By reducing the waste arising in cities and using municipal green waste as feedstock to produce platform chemicals, this work contributes to the UN sustainability goals and supports the transition toward a circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Volkmar
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Maus
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Martin Weisbrodt
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jonathan Bohlender
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Alexander Langsdorf
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstraße 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstraße 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Hoang MD, Riessner S, Oropeza Vargas JE, von den Eichen N, Heins AL. Influence of Varying Pre-Culture Conditions on the Level of Population Heterogeneity in Batch Cultures with an Escherichia coli Triple Reporter Strain. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1763. [PMID: 37512936 PMCID: PMC10384452 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
When targeting robust, high-yielding bioprocesses, phenomena such as population heterogeneity have to be considered. Therefore, the influence of the conditions which the cells experience prior to the main culture should also be evaluated. Here, the influence of a pre-culture medium (complex vs. minimal medium), optical density for inoculation of the main culture (0.005, 0.02 and 0.0125) and harvest time points of the pre-culture in exponential growth phase (early, mid and late) on the level of population heterogeneity in batch cultures of the Escherichia coli triple reporter strain G7BL21(DE3) in stirred-tank bioreactors was studied. This strain allows monitoring the growth (rrnB-EmGFP), general stress response (rpoS-mStrawberry) and oxygen limitation (nar-TagRFP657) of single cells through the expression of fluorescent proteins. Data from batch cultivations with varying pre-culture conditions were analysed with principal component analysis. According to fluorescence data, the pre-culture medium had the largest impact on population heterogeneities during the bioprocess. While a minimal medium as a pre-culture medium elevated the differences in cellular growth behaviour in the subsequent batch process, a complex medium increased the general stress response and led to a higher population heterogeneity. The latter was promoted by an early harvest of the cells with low inoculation density. Seemingly, nar-operon expression acted independently of the pre-culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh Dat Hoang
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sophi Riessner
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jose Enrique Oropeza Vargas
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Nikolas von den Eichen
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Heins
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Gouseti O, Larsen ME, Amin A, Bakalis S, Petersen IL, Lametsch R, Jensen PE. Applications of Enzyme Technology to Enhance Transition to Plant Proteins: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:2518. [PMID: 37444256 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As the plant-based food market grows, demand for plant protein is also increasing. Proteins are a major component in foods and are key to developing desired structures and textures. Seed storage proteins are the main plant proteins in the human diet. They are abundant in, for example, legumes or defatted oilseeds, which makes them an excellent candidate to use in the development of novel plant-based foods. However, they often have low and inflexible functionalities, as in nature they are designed to remain densely packed and inert within cell walls until they are needed during germination. Enzymes are often used by the food industry, for example, in the production of cheese or beer, to modify ingredient properties. Although they currently have limited applications in plant proteins, interest in the area is exponentially increasing. The present review first considers the current state and potential of enzyme utilization related to plant proteins, including uses in protein extraction and post-extraction modifications. Then, relevant opportunities and challenges are critically discussed. The main challenges relate to the knowledge gap, the high cost of enzymes, and the complexity of plant proteins as substrates. The overall aim of this review is to increase awareness, highlight challenges, and explore ways to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Gouseti
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Emil Larsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ashwitha Amin
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Serafim Bakalis
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iben Lykke Petersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rene Lametsch
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
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