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Morehead LC, Garg S, Wallis KF, Simoes CC, Siegel ER, Tackett AJ, Miousse IR. Increased Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with Dietary Methionine Restriction in a Colorectal Cancer Model. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4467. [PMID: 37760436 PMCID: PMC10526448 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction (MR), defined as a reduction of methionine intake by around 80%, has been shown to reproducibly decrease tumor growth and synergize with cancer therapies. In this study, we combined DMR with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in a model of colon adenocarcinoma. In vitro, we observed that MR increased the expression of MHC-I and PD-L1 in both mouse and human colorectal cancer cells. We also saw an increase in the gene expression of STING, a known inducer of type I interferon signaling. Inhibition of the cGAS-STING pathway, pharmacologically or with siRNA, blunted the increase in MHC-I and PD-L1 surface and gene expression following MR. This indicated that the cGAS-STING pathway, and interferon in general, played a role in the immune response to MR. We then combined dietary MR with ICIs targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 in an MC38 colorectal cancer tumor model developed in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice. The combination treatment was five times more effective at reducing the tumor size than ICIs alone in male mice. We noted sex differences in the response to dietary MR, with males showing a greater response than females. Finally, we observed an increase in membrane staining for the PD-L1 protein in MC38 tumors from animals who were fed an MR diet. MHC-I was highly expressed in all tumors and showed no expression difference when comparing tumors from control and MR-treated mice. These results indicated that MR increased PD-L1 expression both in vitro and in vivo and improved the response to ICIs in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Morehead
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA (S.G.); (A.J.T.)
| | - Sarita Garg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA (S.G.); (A.J.T.)
| | - Katherine F. Wallis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA (S.G.); (A.J.T.)
| | - Camila C. Simoes
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Eric R. Siegel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Alan J. Tackett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA (S.G.); (A.J.T.)
| | - Isabelle R. Miousse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA (S.G.); (A.J.T.)
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Miyake K, Han Q, Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Lwin TM, Miyake M, Yamamoto J, Bouvet M, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Colon-cancer liver metastasis is effectively targeted by recombinant methioninase (rMETase) in an orthotopic mouse model. Tissue Cell 2023; 83:102125. [PMID: 37320867 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CCLM) is the most frequent cause of death of colorectal cancer. Development of novel new effective therapy is needed for CCLM patients to improve outcome. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of recombinant methioninase (rMETase) on a CCLM orthotopic mouse model of liver metastasis established using the human colon cancer cell line HT29 expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Orthotopic CCLM nude mouse models were randomized into two groups: control group (n = 6, PBS 200 µl, i.p., daily); rMETase group (n = 6, 100 units/200 µl, i.p., daily). Tumor volume was measured on day 0 and day 15. Body weight was measured twice a week. All mice were sacrificed on day 15. RESULTS rMETase significantly inhibited the increase of the liver metastasis as determined by RFP fluorescence area and intensity (p = 0.016 and 0.015, respectively). There was no significant difference of body weight between either group on any day. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that rMETase has future potential therapy for CCLM in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | | | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thinzar M Lwin
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Morehead LC, Garg S, Wallis KF, Siegel ER, Tackett AJ, Miousse IR. Increased response to immune checkpoint inhibitors with dietary methionine restriction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.05.535695. [PMID: 37066240 PMCID: PMC10104076 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.05.535695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction, defined as reduction of methionine intake by around 80%, reproducibly decreases tumor growth and synergizes with cancer therapies. Here, we combined dietary methionine restriction with immune checkpoint inhibitors in a model of colon adenocarcinoma. In vitro , we observed that methionine restriction increased the expression of MHC-I and PD-L1 in both mouse and human colorectal cancer cells. We also saw an increase in the gene expression of STING, a known inducer of type I interferon signaling. Inhibition of the cGAS-STING pathway, pharmacologically or with siRNA, blunted the increase in MHC-I and PD-L1 surface and gene expression following methionine restriction. PD-L1 expression was also This indicated that the cGAS-STING pathway in particular, and interferon in general, is playing a role in the immune response to methionine restriction. We then combined dietary methionine restriction with immune checkpoint inhibitors targeted against CTLA-4 and PD-1 in a MC38 colorectal cancer tumor model in C57BL/6 mice. The combination treatment was five times more effective at reducing tumor size than immune checkpoint inhibition alone in males. We noted sex differences in the response to dietary methionine restriction for the MC38 tumor model in C57BL/6 mice. Finally, we observed an increase in PD-L1 protein expression in MC38 tumors from animals who were fed a methionine-restricted diet. Furthermore, the distribution of CD8 staining changed from mostly peripheric in the controls, to intratumoral in the methionine-restricted tumors. MHC-I, which has a high basal expression in MC38 cells, was highly expressed in all tumors. These results indicate that methionine restriction improves the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in mice, and that this improvement is associated with the cGAS-STING pathway and interferon signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Morehead
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Sarita Garg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Katherine F. Wallis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Eric R. Siegel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Alan J. Tackett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Isabelle R. Miousse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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Jiménez-Alonso JJ, Guillén-Mancina E, Calderón-Montaño JM, Jiménez-González V, Díaz-Ortega P, Burgos-Morón E, López-Lázaro M. Artificial Diets with Altered Levels of Sulfur Amino Acids Induce Anticancer Activity in Mice with Metastatic Colon Cancer, Ovarian Cancer and Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054587. [PMID: 36902018 PMCID: PMC10003419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur-containing amino acids methionine (Met), cysteine (Cys) and taurine (Tau) are common dietary constituents with important cellular roles. Met restriction is already known to exert in vivo anticancer activity. However, since Met is a precursor of Cys and Cys produces Tau, the role of Cys and Tau in the anticancer activity of Met-restricted diets is poorly understood. In this work, we screened the in vivo anticancer activity of several Met-deficient artificial diets supplemented with Cys, Tau or both. Diet B1 (6% casein, 2.5% leucine, 0.2% Cys and 1% lipids) and diet B2B (6% casein, 5% glutamine, 2.5% leucine, 0.2% Tau and 1% lipids) showed the highest activity and were selected for further studies. Both diets induced marked anticancer activity in two animal models of metastatic colon cancer, which were established by injecting CT26.WT murine colon cancer cells in the tail vein or peritoneum of immunocompetent BALB/cAnNRj mice. Diets B1 and B2B also increased survival of mice with disseminated ovarian cancer (intraperitoneal ID8 Tp53-/- cells in C57BL/6JRj mice) and renal cell carcinoma (intraperitoneal Renca cells in BALB/cAnNRj mice). The high activity of diet B1 in mice with metastatic colon cancer may be useful in colon cancer therapy.
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Miyake M, Miyake K, Han Q, Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Barangi M, Kiyuna T, Sugisawa N, Higuchi T, Oshiro H, Zhang Z, Razmjooei S, Bouvet M, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Synergy of oral recombinant methioninase (rMETase) and 5-fluorouracil on poorly differentiated gastric cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 643:48-54. [PMID: 36586158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is highly malignant and recalcitrant to first line chemotherapies that include 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Cancer cells are addicted to methionine for their proliferation and survival. Methionine addiction of cancer is known as the Hoffman effect. Methionine restriction with recombinant methioninase (rMETase) has been shown to selectively starve cancer cells and has shown synergy with cytotoxic chemotherapy including 5-FU. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of rMETase alone and the combination with 5-FU on poorly differentiated human gastric cancer cell lines (MKN45, NUGC3, and NUGC4) in vitro and vivo. rMETase suppressed the tumor growth of 3 kinds of poorly differentiated gastric cancer cells in vitro. The fluorescence ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) demonstrated cancer cells treated with rMETase were selectively trapped in the S/G2 phase of the cell cycle. In the present study, subcutaneous MKN45 gastric cancer models were randomized into four groups when the tumor volume reached 100 mm3: G1: untreated control; G2: 5-FU (i.p., 50 mg/kg, weekly, three weeks); G3: oral-rMETase (o-rMETase) (p.o., 100 units/body, daily, three weeks); G4: 5-FU with o-rMETase (5-FU; i.p., 50 mg/kg, weekly, three weeks o-rMETase; p.o., 100 units/body, daily, three weeks). All mice were sacrificed on day 22. Body weight and estimated tumor volume were measured twice a week. 5-FU and o-rMETase suppressed tumor growth as monotherapies on day 18 (p = 0.044 and p = 0.044). However, 5-FU combined with o-rMETase was significantly superior to each monotherapy (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and induced extensive necrosis compared to other groups. The combination of 5-FU and o-rMETase shows promise for transformative therapy for poorly differentiated gastric cancer in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | | | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Norihiko Sugisawa
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Hu HF, Wang Z, Tang WL, Fu XM, Kong XJ, Qiu YK, Xi SY. Effects of Sophora flavescens aiton and the absorbed bioactive metabolite matrine individually and in combination with 5-fluorouracil on proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells in nude mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1047507. [PMID: 36438804 PMCID: PMC9681822 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1047507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sophora flavescens aiton (SFA) and its main bioactive metabolite matrine are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations and have achieved good curative effects for the treatment of various tumors. However, the mechanisms underlying SFA and matrine individually and in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs for treatment of gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. Aim of the study: To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the ability of SFA and matrine individually and in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs to inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of human GC cells. Materials and methods: Forty-eight nude mice were randomly divided into six groups that were treated with normal saline (model group), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), SFA decoction (SFAD), matrine, SFAD+5-FU, or matrine+5-FU. A subcutaneous heterotopic tumor model was established in nude mice by implantation of human GC BGC-823 cells. All mice were treated for 28 days. Bioactive metabolites in SFA were determined by HPLC-MS/MS. The tumor volume, tumor weight, and tumor inhibition rate of mice were documented. Histopathology and ultramicroscopic pathology of tumor tissues were observed. The tumor cell cycle and apoptosis in vivo were detected. Serum levels of PCNA, BAX, Bcl-2, Caspase-9, Caspase-3 and cleaved Caspase-3 were measured. Protein levels of MS4A10, MS4A8, MS4A7, PCNA, BAX, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and cleaved Caspase-3 were measured in tumor tissues. Results: Both SFAD and matrine inhibited the growth of transplanted GC cells, which was more effective when combined with 5-FU. The tumor inhibition rates of the 5-FU, SFAD, matrine, SFAD+5-FU, and matrine+5-FU groups were 53.85%, 33.96%, 30.44%, 59.74%, and 56.55%, respectively. The body weight of tumor-bearing nude mice was greater in the SFAD group than the normal saline and matrine groups. SFAD+5-FU and matrine+5-FU blocked BGC-823 cells in the G0-G1/S transition, promoted apoptosis, and significantly decreased the content of serum apoptosis-inhibitory proteins (PCNA and Bcl-2) as well as protein expression of MS4A8, MS4A10, Bcl-2, and PCNA in tumor tissues, while increasing serum levels of pro-apoptotic proteins (Caspase-9, Caspase-3 and cleaved-Caspase-3) and protein expression of BAX and cleaved-Caspase-3 in tumor tissues. Conclusion: SFAD and matrine both individually and in combination with 5-FU ameliorated malignancy of transplanted tumors by reducing proliferation and promoting apoptosis of BGC-823 cells. These findings confirm the anti-tumor synergistic effect of TCM and chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Fu Hu
- School of Medicine, Yueyang Vocational Technical College, Yueyang, Hunan, China
- Yueyang Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Characteristic Chinese Herbal Medicines in Dongting Lake District, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Li Tang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xue-Ming Fu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ying-Kun Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Sheng-Yan Xi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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7
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KUBOTA YUTARO, HAN QINGHONG, HAMADA KAZUYUKI, AOKI YUSUKE, MASAKI NORIYUKI, OBARA KOYA, BARANOV ANTON, BOUVET MICHAEL, TSUNODA TAKUYA, HOFFMAN ROBERTM. Oral Installation of Recombinant Methioninase-producing Escherichia coli into the Microbiome Inhibits Colon-cancer Growth in a Syngeneic Mouse Model. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022; 19:683-691. [PMID: 36316039 PMCID: PMC9620449 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM All cancer types so far tested are methionine-addicted. Targeting the methionine addiction of cancer with recombinant methioninase (rMETase) has shown great progress in vitro, in mouse models, and in the clinic. However, administration of rMETase requires multiple doses per day. In the present study, we determined if rMETase-producing Escherichia coli JM109 (E. coli JM109-rMETase) might be an effective anticancer agent when installed into the microbiome. MATERIALS AND METHODS E. coli JM109-rMETase was administered to a syngeneic model of MC38 colon cancer growing subcutaneously in C57BL/6 mice. JM109-rMETase was administered orally by gavage to the mice twice per day. Tumor size was measured with calipers. RESULTS The administration of E. coli JM109-rMETase twice a day significantly inhibited MC38 colon-cancer growth. E. coli JM109-rMETase was found in the stool of treated mice, indicating it had entered the microbiome. CONCLUSION The present study indicates the potential of microbiome-based treatment of cancer targeting methionine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- YUTARO KUBOTA
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - KAZUYUKI HAMADA
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - YUSUKE AOKI
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - NORIYUKI MASAKI
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - KOYA OBARA
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | | | - MICHAEL BOUVET
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - TAKUYA TSUNODA
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - ROBERT M. HOFFMAN
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
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Zhou L, Chen Z, Liu C. Identification and verification of the role of crucial genes through which methionine restriction inhibits the progression of colon cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:274. [PMID: 35782898 PMCID: PMC9247659 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that methionine restriction (MR) can inhibit tumor progression, but its mechanism in colon cancer is unknown. Through DESeq2 and Edge analysis of the GSE72131 and GSE103602 datasets, 649 co-upregulated and 532 co-downregulated genes affected by MR were identified, respectively. Enrichment analysis showed that these genes were closely associated with tumor progression. Combined with the differentially expressed genes of colon cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas database, MR affected 330 dysregulated genes in colon cancer. On this basis, a transcriptional regulatory and competing endogenous RNA network was established and F transcription factor 1 and microRNA 17-92a-1 Cluster Host Gene were identified as a key transcription factor and long non-coding RNA, respectively. In addition, four genes (FA Complementation Group I, Holliday Junction Recognition Protein, Karyopherin Subunit Alpha 2 and Kinesin Family Member 15) were identified by analyzing the relationship between dysregulated genes and overall survival. Finally, western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, Transwell and other in vitro experiments verified that MR inhibits HCT116 colon cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and invasion, induces apoptosis and downregulates 6 hub genes. Collectively, the present study identified potential targets for MR to inhibit colon cancer progression and contributed to the clinical application of MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqing Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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9
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Han Q, Hoffman RM. Chronic Treatment of an Advanced Prostate-cancer Patient With Oral Methioninase Resulted in Long-term Stabilization of Rapidly Rising PSA Levels. In Vivo 2021; 35:2171-2176. [PMID: 34182494 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Advanced prostate cancer is a recalcitrant disease with very limited treatment options. Our laboratory discovered methionine addiction, presumably a characteristic of all cancer types, including prostate cancer, which can be targeted by methionine restriction (MR), through treatment with oral recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase). PATIENTS AND METHODS o-rMETase was produced by fermentation of recombinant E. coli containing the Pseudomonas putida methioninase gene, and purified by column chromatography. An advanced prostate cancer patient received o-rMETase as a supplement, 500 units per day, divided into two oral doses of 250 units each. RESULTS Before treatment, the patient had a rapid rise in PSA levels, from 39 to 56 ng/ml, within 6 weeks. At the 15th week of o-rMETase administration, the PSA levels stabilized at 62 ng/ml. No overt side effects were observed. CONCLUSION o-rMETase single treatment can be beneficial for advanced prostate cancer patients.
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10
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Tashiro Y, Han Q, Tan Y, Sugisawa N, Yamamoto J, Nishino H, Inubushi S, Higuchi T, Aoki T, Murakami M, Hoffman RM. Oral Recombinant Methioninase Prevents Obesity in Mice on a High-fat Diet. In Vivo 2020; 34:489-494. [PMID: 32111745 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM obesity is a world-wide recalcitrant problem leading to many diseases. Dietary methionine restriction (MR) has been shown to prevent obesity, but it is an onerous regimen. The present study aimed to determine the effects of oral recombinant methionase (o-rMETase), on preventing obesity in mice on a high-fat diet. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice in the control group were fed a control diet (CD) (+6.5% fat) for 25 days, and others were fed a high-fat (HF) diet (+34.3% fat) for 25 days. Then, the mice were divided into three dietary groups: 1) HF + phosphate buffered saline (PBS) group; 2) HF + o-rMETase group; and 3) untreated non-HF group. RESULTS The mice on the CD increased in body weight by 14% during experimental period of 25 days; in contrast the mice in the HF+PBS group increased by 33%; however, the mice on the HF+o-rMETase group increased only by 14% (p=0.02, HF+PBS vs HF+o-rMETase). CONCLUSION The HF+ o-rMETase group had the same weight increase as untreated mice on a normal fat diet, demonstrating the potential for o-rMETase to eliminate the need for dieting to maintain normal body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Tashiro
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Norihiko Sugisawa
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Hiroto Nishino
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Sachiko Inubushi
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Takeshi Aoki
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Murakami
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
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Higuchi T, Han Q, Miyake K, Oshiro H, Sugisawa N, Tan Y, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Igarashi K, Bouvet M, Singh SR, Tsuchiya H, Hoffman RM. Combination of oral recombinant methioninase and decitabine arrests a chemotherapy-resistant undifferentiated soft-tissue sarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 523:135-139. [PMID: 31839218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are methionine (MET) and methylation addicted and are highly sensitive to MET restriction. The present study determined the efficacy of oral-recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase) and the DNA methylation inhibitor, decitabine (DAC) on restricting MET in an undifferentiated-soft tissue sarcoma (USTS) patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model. The USTS PDOX models were randomized into five treatment groups of six mice: Control; doxorubicin (DOX) alone; DAC alone; o-rMETase alone; and o-rMETase-DAC combination. Tumor size and body weight were measured during the 14 days of treatment. Tumor growth was arrested only in the o-rMETase-DAC condition. Tumors treated with the o-rMETase-DAC combination exhibited tumor necrosis with degenerative changes. This study demonstrates that the o-rMETase-DAC combination could arrest the USTS PDOX tumor suggesting clinical promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Norihiko Sugisawa
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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