1
|
Nishitani T, Mitoh Y, Yajima T, Tachiya D, Hoshika T, Fukunaga T, Nishitani Y, Yoshida R, Mizoguchi I, Ichikawa H, Sato T. Distribution of alpha-synuclein in rat salivary glands. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:2933-2946. [PMID: 38284507 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Expression of alpha-synuclein (Syn), a presynaptic neuronal protein, was immunohistochemically examined in intact rat submandibular, sublingual, and lingual glands. The submandibular gland contained abundant periductal Syn-immunoreactive (-ir) nerve fibers. Abundant Syn-ir varicosities were present in acini of the sublingual and serous lingual glands. By confocal laser scanning microscopy, Syn-ir nerve fibers around smooth muscle actin (SMA)-ir cells alone were infrequent; however, those around aquaporin-5 (AQP5)-ir cells alone and both SMA- and AQP5-ir cells were abundant in the sublingual and serous lingual glands. SMA-ir cells were occasionally immunoreactive for toll-like receptor 4, a Syn receptor. Syn-ir nerve fibers contained tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the submandibular gland and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in all examined salivary glands. In the superior cervical (SCG), submandibular, and intralingual ganglia, sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons co-expressed Syn with TH and ChAT, respectively. SCG neurons innervating the submandibular gland contained mostly Syn. In the thoracic spinal cord, 14.7% of ChAT-ir preganglionic sympathetic neurons co-expressed Syn. In the superior salivatory nucleus, preganglionic parasympathetic neurons projecting to the lingual nerve co-expressed Syn and ChAT. The present findings indicate that released Syn acts on myoepithelial cells. Syn in pre- and post-ganglionic neurons may regulate neurotransmitter release and salivary volume and composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomiko Nishitani
- Divisions of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Research Field in Dentistry, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Mitoh
- Department of Oral Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yajima
- Divisions of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tachiya
- Divisions of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hoshika
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Research Field in Dentistry, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fukunaga
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishitani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Research Field in Dentistry, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yoshida
- Department of Oral Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Itaru Mizoguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ichikawa
- Divisions of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadasu Sato
- Divisions of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Innervation of the human minor salivary glands; immunohistochemical study for neurochemical substances. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
3
|
Distribution and possible function of galanin about headache and immune system in the rat dura mater. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5206. [PMID: 35338230 PMCID: PMC8956595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Galanin (GAL) is a nociceptive transmitter or modulator in the trigeminal sensory system. In this study, GAL expression was investigated in the rat dura mater to demonstrate its possible function in headache using immunohistochemical techniques. The cerebral falx and cerebellar dura mater received abundant blood and nerve supply, and were significantly thicker compared to other portions in the cerebral dura mater. GAL-immunoreactivity was expressed by cell and nerve fiber profiles. Presumed macrophages and dendritic cells contained GAL-immunoreactivity, and co-expressed with CD11b-immunoreactivity. Many isolated and perivascular nerve fibers also showed GAL-immunoreactivity. In addition, GAL-immunoreactive nerve fibers were present in the vicinity of macrophages and dendritic cells with either GAL- or ED1-immunoreactivity. GAL-immunoreactive cells and nerve fibers were common in the cerebral falx and cerebellar dura mater and infrequent in other portions. And, GAL-immunoreactive nerve fibers usually co-expressed calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactivity. In the trigeminal ganglion, a substantial proportion of sensory neurons innervating the dura mater contained GAL-immunoreactivity (mean ± SD, 3.4 ± 2.2%), and co-expressed CGRP-immunoreactivity (2.7 ± 2.1%). The present study may suggest that GAL is associated with nociceptive transduction or modulation in the dura mater. GAL also possibly plays a role in the immune mechanism of the dura mater.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yamamoto R, Sugiyama Y, Hashimoto K, Kinoshita S, Takemura A, Fuse S, Kaneko M, Mukudai S, Umezaki T, Dutschmann M, Nakagawa T, Hirano S. Firing characteristics of swallowing interneurons in the dorsal medulla during physiologically induced swallowing in perfused brainstem preparation in rats. Neurosci Res 2021; 177:64-77. [PMID: 34808248 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oropharyngeal swallowing is centrally mediated by a swallowing central pattern generator (Sw-CPG) in the medulla oblongata. The activity of the Sw-CPG depends on the sensory inputs determined by physical and chemical bolus properties. Here we investigate the sensory-motor integration during swallowing arising from different sensory sources. To do so we electrically stimulated the superior laryngeal nerve and we triggered swallowing with oral injections of distilled water or capsaicin solution and extracellularly recorded from swallowing interneurons in arterially perfused brainstem preparations of rats. We recorded the activities of 40 neurons, while monitoring the motor activities of the phrenic, vagal and hypoglossal nerves. Eighteen neurons responded to electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral superior laryngeal nerve, and 6 neurons were excited by oral fluid injection, while 16 non-respiratory neurons did not receive afferent inputs to either electrical or physiological stimuli. The cellular activities displayed by swallowing interneurons during electrical and physiological stimulation of pharyngeal and laryngeal afferent input reveal complex adaptations of the timing of firing patterns and frequencies. The modulation of neuronal activity is likely to contribute to the coordination of efficient bolus transfer during the pharyngeal stage of swallowing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Yamamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-5852, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Sugiyama
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Keiko Hashimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shota Kinoshita
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akiyo Takemura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shinya Fuse
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mami Kaneko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Mukudai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiro Umezaki
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, and the Voice and Swallowing Center, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, Fukuoka, 814-0001, Japan
| | - Mathias Dutschmann
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Gate 11, Royal Parade, University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-5852, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hirano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sato T, Yajima T, Kokubun S, Tachiya D, Ichikawa H. Distribution of neuronal cells which contain dopamine β-hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the human internal carotid nerve. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:1277-1286. [PMID: 34486238 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The human internal carotid nerve (ICN) occasionally has a swelling beneath the external opening of the carotid canal. In this study, the presence and distribution of neuronal cells were investigated in the bilateral ICNs of nine human cadavers. Among 44.4% of the cadavers, swellings were detected in the ICN. Their diameters ranged from 1.7 to 3.6 mm (average ± SD = 2.6 ± 0.7 mm). Thirty-eight percent of these swellings were large (diameter > 3 mm) and showed an oval shape. The large swelling contained many neuronal cells. However, the ICNs with or without a swelling <3 mm diameter were mostly free from neuronal cells (93.3%). Only in one human cadaver, the right ICN without a swelling had a small number of neuronal cells. By the present immunohistochemical method, ICN neurons contained catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes and neuropeptides. Dopamine-beta hydroxylase- and tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactivity were mostly expressed by ICN neurons. More than half of them also contained neuropeptide Y-immunoreactivity. However, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive ICN neurons were relatively infrequent. Substance P- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive ICN neurons could not be detected. By the cell size analysis, neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive neurons were significantly smaller than neuropeptide Y-immunonegative neurons in the ICN. The present study suggests that ICN neurons have a sympathetic function in the human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadasu Sato
- Divisions of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yajima
- Divisions of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Souichi Kokubun
- Divisions of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tachiya
- Divisions of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ichikawa
- Divisions of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Scheff NN, Saloman JL. Neuroimmunology of cancer and associated symptomology. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:949-961. [PMID: 34355434 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionarily the nervous system and immune cells have evolved to communicate with each other to control inflammation and host responses against injury. Recent findings in neuroimmune communication demonstrate that these mechanisms extend to cancer initiation and progression. Lymphoid structures and tumors, which are often associated with inflammatory infiltrate, are highly innervated by multiple nerve types (e.g. sympathetic, parasympathetic, sensory). Recent preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate that targeting the nervous system could be a therapeutic strategy to promote anti-tumor immunity while simultaneously reducing cancer-associated neurological symptoms, such as chronic pain, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. Sympathetic nerve activity is associated with physiological or psychological stress, which can be induced by tumor development and cancer diagnosis. Targeting the stress response through suppression of sympathetic activity or activation of parasympathetic activity has been shown to drive activation of effector T cells and inhibition of myeloid derived suppressor cells within the tumor. Additionally, there is emerging evidence that sensory nerves may regulate tumor growth and metastasis by promoting or inhibiting immunosuppression in a tumor-type specific manner. Since neural effects are often tumor-type specific, further study is required to optimize clinical therapeutic strategies. This review examines the emerging evidence that neuroimmune communication can regulate anti-tumor immunity as well as contribute to development of cancer-related neurological symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole N Scheff
- Biobehavioral Cancer Control Program UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Center for Neuroscience, and Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jami L Saloman
- Biobehavioral Cancer Control Program UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Center for Neuroscience, and Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Backaert W, Steelant B, Hellings PW, Talavera K, Van Gerven L. A TRiP Through the Roles of Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channels in Type 2 Upper Airway Inflammation. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2021; 21:20. [PMID: 33738577 PMCID: PMC7973410 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite their high prevalence, the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains unclear. Recently, transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels emerged as important players in type 2 upper airway inflammatory disorders. In this review, we aim to discuss known and yet to be explored roles of TRP channels in the pathophysiology of AR and CRS with nasal polyps. RECENT FINDINGS TRP channels participate in a plethora of cellular functions and are expressed on T cells, mast cells, respiratory epithelial cells, and sensory neurons of the upper airways. In chronic upper airway inflammation, TRP vanilloid 1 is mostly studied in relation to nasal hyperreactivity. Several other TRP channels such as TRP vanilloid 4, TRP ankyrin 1, TRP melastatin channels, and TRP canonical channels also have important functions, rendering them potential targets for therapy. The role of TRP channels in type 2 inflammatory upper airway diseases is steadily being uncovered and increasingly recognized. Modulation of TRP channels may offer therapeutic perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wout Backaert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brecht Steelant
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter W Hellings
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Laboratory of Upper Airways Research, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karel Talavera
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, KU Leuven, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Van Gerven
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Otorhinolaryngology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kawashima M, Yajima T, Tachiya D, Kokubun S, Ichikawa H, Sato T. Parasympathetic neurons in the human submandibular ganglion. Tissue Cell 2021; 70:101496. [PMID: 33517097 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The submandibular ganglion (SMG) contains parasympathetic neurons which innervate the submandibular gland. In this study, immunohistochemistry for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V members 1 (TRPV1) and 2 (TRPV2) was performed on the human SMG. In the SMG, 17.5 % and 8.9 % of parasympathetic neurons were immunoreactive for VIP and TRPV2, respectively. SMG neurons mostly contained ChAT- and DBH-immunoreactivity. In addition, subpopulations of SMG neurons were surrounded by VIP (69.6 %)-, TRPV2 (54.4 %)- and DBH (9.5 %)-immunoreactive (-ir) nerve fibers. SMG neurons with pericellular VIP- and TRPV2-ir nerve fibers were significantly larger than VIP- and TRPV2-ir SMG neurons, respectively. Other neurochemical substances were rare in the SMG. In the human submandibular gland, TRPV1- and TRPV2-ir nerve fiber profiles were seen around blood vessels. Double fluorescence method also demonstrated that TRPV2-ir nerve fiber profiles were located around myoepithelial and acinar cells in the submandibular gland. VIP and TRPV2 are probably expressed by both pre- and post-ganglionic neurons innervating the submandibular and sublingual glands. VIP, DBH and TRPV2 may have functions about regulation of salivary components in the salivary glands and neuronal activity in the SMG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuko Kawashima
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yajima
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tachiya
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Souichi Kokubun
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ichikawa
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tadasu Sato
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Taylor-Clark TE. Molecular identity, anatomy, gene expression and function of neural crest vs. placode-derived nociceptors in the lower airways. Neurosci Lett 2020; 742:135505. [PMID: 33197519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lower airways (larynx to alveoli) are protected by a complex array of neural networks that regulate respiration and airway function. Harmful stimuli trigger defensive responses such as apnea, cough and bronchospasm by activating a subpopulation of sensory afferent nerves (termed nociceptors) which are found throughout the airways. Airway nociceptive fibers are projected from the nodose vagal ganglia, the jugular vagal ganglia and the dorsal root ganglia, which are derived from distinct embryological sources: the former from the epibranchial placodes, the latter two from the neural crest. Embryological source determines nociceptive gene expression of receptors and neurotransmitters and recent evidence suggests that placode- and neural crest-derived nociceptors have distinct stimuli sensitivity, innervation patterns and functions. Improved understanding of the function of each subset in specific reflexes has substantial implications for therapeutic targeting of the neuronal components of airway disease such as asthma, viral infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|