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Dewan A, Sridhar K, Yadav M, Bishnoi S, Ambawat S, Nagaraja SK, Sharma M. Recent trends in edible algae functional proteins: Production, bio-functional properties, and sustainable food packaging applications. Food Chem 2025; 463:141483. [PMID: 39369604 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a notable surge in the development and adoption of edible algae protein-based sustainable food packaging, which presents a promising alternative to traditional materials due to its biodegradability, renewability, and minimal environmental impact. Hence, this review aims to emphasize the sources, cultivation, and downstream potential of algal protein and protein complexes. Moreover, it comprehensively examines the advancements in utilizing protein complexes for smart and active packaging applications, while also addressing the challenges that must be overcome for the widespread commercial adoption of algal proteins to meet industry 4.0. The review revealed that the diversity of algae species and their sustainable cultivation methods offers a promising alternative to traditional protein sources. Being vegan source with higher photosynthetic conversion efficiency and reduced growth cycle has permitted the proposition of algae as proteins of the future. The unique combination of techno-functional combined with bio-functional properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial response have captured the sustainable groups to invest considerable research and promote the innovations in algal proteins. Food packaging research has increasingly benefited by the excellent gas barrier property and superior mechanical strength of algal proteins either stand alone or in synergy with other biodegradable polymers. Advanced packaging functionality such as freshness monitoring and active preservation techniques has been explored and needs considerable characterization for commercial advancement. Overall, while algal proteins show promising downstream potential in various industries aligned with Industry 4.0 principles, their broader adoption hinges on overcoming these barriers through continued innovation and strategic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Dewan
- Department of Food Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Food Technology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Monika Yadav
- Department of Food Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Sonam Bishnoi
- Department of Food Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Shobhit Ambawat
- Department of Food Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | | | - Minaxi Sharma
- Research Center for Life Science and Healthcare, Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation (CBI), University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315000, China.
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Hoang TV, Alshiekheid MA, K P. A study on anticancer and antioxidant ability of selected brown algae biomass yielded polysaccharide and their chemical and structural properties analysis by FT-IR and NMR analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 260:119567. [PMID: 39029728 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the chemical and structural properties of polysaccharides extracted from the marine macroalgae Nemalion cari-cariense. Furthermore, evaluate the anticancer and free radical scavenging activity of purified N. cari-cariense polysaccharide. Approximately 41.6% (w/w) of crude polysaccharide was extracted from N. cari-cariense macroalgae biomass. After deproteinization, the purified polysaccharide's major chemical composition was found to be 92.6%, with all protein content removed. The purified polysaccharide had ash and moisture % of 23.01% and 4.03%, respectively. The C, H, and N of the test polysaccharide were analyzed using GC-MS, with results of 39.21%, 5.87%, and 4.29%, respectively. Furthermore, this analysis also revealed the monosaccharide composition such as glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, and rhamnose glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, and rhamnose 54.62%, 29.64%, 2.8%, 5.9%, and 6.8% respectively. The molecular weight of purified polysaccharide was found as 49 kDa through PAGE analysis. The FT-IR analysis revealed that the presence of functional groups exactly attributed to polysaccharide and 1H and 13C-NMR analyses confirmed the structural properties of N. cari-cariense polysaccharide. The free radicals scavenging ability of purified N. cari-cariense polysaccharide was investigated by various assays such as total antioxidant assay (22.3%-72.5% at 50-250 μg mL-1), DPPH assay (23.6%-76.9% at 10-160 μg mL-1), OH radical scavenging assay (13.6%-70.2% at 50-250 μg mL-1 dosage, and SO radical scavenging assay (27.6-68.41% at 50-250 μg mL-1 concentration). The polysaccharide demonstrated 82.63% anticancer activity towards the A549 lung cancer cell line at 1000 μg mL-1 dosage. The findings suggest that this polysaccharide has biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Van Hoang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan.
| | - Maha A Alshiekheid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh - 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Praveen K
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Paavai Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Heo JH, Kim EA, Kang N, Heo SY, Ahn G, Heo SJ. The Antioxidant Effects of Trypsin-Hydrolysate Derived from Abalone Viscera and Fishery By-Products, and the Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Activity of Its Purified Bioactive Peptides. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:461. [PMID: 39452868 PMCID: PMC11509546 DOI: 10.3390/md22100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Revised: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Abalone is a rich source of nutrition, the viscera of which are discarded as by-product during processing. This study explored the biological activities of peptides derived from abalone viscera (AV). Trypsin-hydrolysate of AV (TAV) was purified into three fractions using a Sephadex G-10 column. Nine bioactive peptides (VAR, NYER, LGPY, VTPGLQY, QFPVGR, LGEW, QLQFPVGR, LDW, and NLGEW) derived from TAV-F2 were sequenced. LGPY, VTPGLQY, LGEW, LDW, and NLGEW exhibited antioxidant properties, with IC50 values of 0.213, 0.297, 0.289, 0.363, and 0.303 mg/mL, respectively. In vitro analysis determined that the peptides VAR, NYER, VTPGLQY, QFPVGR, LGEW, QLQFPVGR, and NLGEW inhibited ACE, with IC50 values of 0.104, 0.107, 0.023, 0.023, 0.165, 0.004, and 0.146 mg/mL, respectively. The binding interactions of ACE-bioactive peptide complexes were investigated using docking analysis with the ZDCOK server. VTPGLQT interacted with HIS513 and TYR523, and QLQFPVGR interacted with HIS353, ALA354, GLU384, HIS513, and TYR523, contributing to the inhibition of ACE activity. They also interacted with amino acids that contribute to stability by binding to zinc ions. QFPVGR may form complexes with ACE surface sites, suggesting indirect inhibition. These results indicate that AV is a potential source of bioactive peptides with dual antioxidant and anti-hypertensive dual effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Heo
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.H.); (E.-A.K.); (N.K.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Eun-A Kim
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.H.); (E.-A.K.); (N.K.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Nalae Kang
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.H.); (E.-A.K.); (N.K.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Seong-Yeong Heo
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.H.); (E.-A.K.); (N.K.); (S.-Y.H.)
- Department of Marine Biology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.H.); (E.-A.K.); (N.K.); (S.-Y.H.)
- Department of Marine Biology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Das S, Behera M, Ranjan Das S, Charan Behera K, Singh L. Green Seaweeds as a Potential Source of Biomolecules and Bioactive Peptides: Recent Progress and Applications - A Review. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202401695. [PMID: 39343749 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202401695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, seaweed has been explored as a sustainable source in biotechnological and biomedical industries because of its multiple biopotential actions. However, the composition of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, fatty acids, free amino acids, ash, minerals, vitamins, and especially protein in green seaweeds varies from species to species based on their growth stage and the environmental conditions. Specifically, seaweed-derived bioactive proteins and peptides have the potential for several health benefits. They serve as a balanced diet. Protein which is an extensive macronutrient in human nutrition, should be explored to avoid using animal-sourced protein, which is expensive to consume. Bioactive peptides that are isolated from marine algae consist of various kinds of functional properties. In the food industry, seaweeds are novel molecules for being used in both nutritional foods and nutraceuticals. In both in vitro and In vivo conditions, various seaweed-derived bioactive compounds have shown a broad range of biological activities including anti-cancer and immunomodulatory, anti-hypertensive, and anti-coagulant activities. Hence, this review paper discusses the screening of seaweed-derived biochemicals with a special focus on their proteins, peptide contents, and nutra-pharmaceutical values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasmita Das
- Department of Botany, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Maheswari Behera
- Department of Botany, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Smruti Ranjan Das
- Department of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | | | - Lakshmi Singh
- Department of Botany, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
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Aquino ME, Drago SR, Sánchez de Medina F, Martínez-Augustin O, Cian RE. Anti-diabetic properties of brewer's spent yeast peptides. In vitro, in silico and ex vivo study after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Food Funct 2024; 15:3778-3790. [PMID: 38511218 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Brewer's spent yeast (BSY) hydrolysates are a source of antidiabetic peptides. Nevertheless, the impact of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of BSY derived peptides on diabetes has not been assessed. In this study, two BSY hydrolysates were obtained (H1 and H2) using β-glucanase and alkaline protease, with either 1 h or 2 h hydrolysis time for H1 and H2, respectively. These hydrolysates were then subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID), obtaining dialysates D1 and D2, respectively. BSY hydrolysates inhibited the activity of α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) enzymes. Moreover, although D2 was inactive against these enzymes, D1 IC50 value was lower than those found for the hydrolysates. Interestingly, after electrophoretic separation, D1 mannose-linked peptides showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while non-glycosylated peptides had the highest DPP-IV inhibitory activity. Kinetic analyses showed a non-competitive mechanism in both cases. After peptide identification, GILFVGSGVSGGEEGAR and IINEPTAAAIAYGLDK showed the highest in silico anti-diabetic activities among mannose-linked and non-glycosylated peptides, respectively (AntiDMPpred score: 0.70 and 0.77). Molecular docking also indicated that these peptides act as non-competitive inhibitors. Finally, an ex vivo model of mouse jejunum organoids was used to study the effect of D1 on the expression of intestinal epithelial genes related to diabetes. The reduction of the expression of genes that codify lactase, sucrase-isomaltase and glucose transporter 2 was observed, as well as an increase in the expression of Gip (glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide) and Glp1 (glucagon-like peptide 1). This is the first report to evaluate the anti-diabetic effect of BSY peptides in mouse jejunum organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilin E Aquino
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, 1° de Mayo 3250, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Silvina R Drago
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, 1° de Mayo 3250, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos José Mataix, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Raúl E Cian
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, 1° de Mayo 3250, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
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Tkaczewska J, Kulawik P, Jamróz E, Čagalj M, Matas RF, Šimat V. Valorisation of prawn/shrimp shell waste through the production of biologically active components for functional food purposes. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:707-715. [PMID: 37669418 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the work was to develop a technology for using waste from prawn and shrimp processing as a source of active ingredients that could be used in the promotion of healthy foods. From fresh and freeze-dried prawn and shrimp shells, protein hydrolysates (carotenoproteins) were obtained using two different enzymes, Flavourzyme and Protamex. RESULTS The obtained hydrolysates were characterised in terms of protein content, degree of hydrolysis, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The hydrolysate with the best antioxidant properties (FRAP value of 2933.33 μmol L-1 TE; ORAC value of 115.58 μmol L-1 TE) was selected and tested for its possible use as a component of functional foods. Molecular weight distribution, amino acid profile and free amino acids, the solubility of the hydrolysate in different pH ranges as well as foaming ability were determined. It was found that this hydrolysate was characterised by an amino acid profile with high nutritional value, flavour enhancement properties and excellent solubility in a wide pH range (from 97.06% to 100%). Afterward, the possibility of using carotenoproteins from prawn waste as a component of an emulsion with furcellaran and a lipid preparation of astaxanthin, taken from post-hydrolysate production waste, was investigated. The obtained complexes were stable as proved by the measurement of zeta potential (ζ = -23.87 and -22.32 to -27.79 mV). CONCLUSION It is possible to produce stable complexes of the hydrolysate with furcellaran and to emulsify a lipid preparation of astaxanthin, obtained from waste following production of the hydrolysate, in them. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Tkaczewska
- Department of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Kulawik
- Department of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Jamróz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland
| | - Martina Čagalj
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Roberta Frleta Matas
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Faculty of Science, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Vida Šimat
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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Adarshan S, Sree VSS, Muthuramalingam P, Nambiar KS, Sevanan M, Satish L, Venkidasamy B, Jeelani PG, Shin H. Understanding Macroalgae: A Comprehensive Exploration of Nutraceutical, Pharmaceutical, and Omics Dimensions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:113. [PMID: 38202421 PMCID: PMC10780804 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Driven by a surge in global interest in natural products, macroalgae or seaweed, has emerged as a prime source for nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical applications. Characterized by remarkable genetic diversity and a crucial role in marine ecosystems, these organisms offer not only substantial nutritional value in proteins, fibers, vitamins, and minerals, but also a diverse array of bioactive molecules with promising pharmaceutical properties. Furthermore, macroalgae produce approximately 80% of the oxygen in the atmosphere, highlighting their ecological significance. The unique combination of nutritional and bioactive attributes positions macroalgae as an ideal resource for food and medicine in various regions worldwide. This comprehensive review consolidates the latest advancements in the field, elucidating the potential applications of macroalgae in developing nutraceuticals and therapeutics. The review emphasizes the pivotal role of omics approaches in deepening our understanding of macroalgae's physiological and molecular characteristics. By highlighting the importance of omics, this review also advocates for continued exploration and utilization of these extraordinary marine organisms in diverse domains, including drug discovery, functional foods, and other industrial applications. The multifaceted potential of macroalgae warrants further research and development to unlock their full benefits and contribute to advancing global health and sustainable industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Adarshan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Vairavel Sivaranjani Sivani Sree
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.S.S.S.); (K.S.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Pandiyan Muthuramalingam
- Division of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Krishnanjana S Nambiar
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.S.S.S.); (K.S.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Murugan Sevanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.S.S.S.); (K.S.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Lakkakula Satish
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, Marine Algal Research Station, CSIR—Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Mandapam 623519, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Peerzada Gh Jeelani
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology & Bioinformatics, National College Trichy, Tiruchirapalli 620001, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Hyunsuk Shin
- Division of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea;
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Baghel RS, Choudhary B, Pandey S, Pathak PK, Patel MK, Mishra A. Rehashing Our Insight of Seaweeds as a Potential Source of Foods, Nutraceuticals, and Pharmaceuticals. Foods 2023; 12:3642. [PMID: 37835294 PMCID: PMC10573080 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In a few Southeast Asian nations, seaweeds have been a staple of the cuisine since prehistoric times. Seaweeds are currently becoming more and more popular around the world due to their superior nutritional value and medicinal properties. This is because of rising seaweed production on a global scale and substantial research on their composition and bioactivities over the past 20 years. By reviewing several articles in the literature, this review aimed to provide comprehensive information about the primary and secondary metabolites and various classes of bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins, and essential fatty acids, along with their bioactivities, in a single article. This review also highlights the potential of seaweeds in the development of nutraceuticals, with a particular focus on their ability to enhance human health and overall well-being. In addition, we discuss the challenges and potential opportunities associated with the advancement of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals derived from seaweeds, as well as their incorporation into different industrial sectors. Furthermore, we find that many bioactive constituents found in seaweeds have demonstrated potential in terms of different therapeutic attributes, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and other properties. In conclusion, seaweed-based bioactive compounds have a huge potential to play an important role in the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical sectors. However, future research should pay more attention to developing efficient techniques for the extraction and purification of compounds as well as their toxicity analysis, clinical efficacy, mode of action, and interactions with regular diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S. Baghel
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Panaji 403004, Goa, India;
| | - Babita Choudhary
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India;
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonika Pandey
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel;
| | - Pradeep Kumar Pathak
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Manish Kumar Patel
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Avinash Mishra
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India;
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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9
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Ejike CECC, Ezeorba TPC, Ajah O, Udenigwe CC. Big Things, Small Packages: An Update on Microalgae as Sustainable Sources of Nutraceutical Peptides for Promoting Cardiovascular Health. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2200162. [PMID: 37205928 PMCID: PMC10190598 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In 2017, a review of microalgae protein-derived bioactive peptides relevant in cardiovascular disease (CVD) management was published. Given the rapid evolution of the field, an update is needed to illumininate recent developments and proffer future suggestions. In this review, the scientific literature (2018-2022) is mined for that purpose and the relevant properties of the identified peptides related to CVD are discussed. The challenges and prospects for microalgae peptides are similarly discussed. Since 2018, several publications have independently confirmed the potential to produce microalgae protein-derived nutraceutical peptides. Peptides that reduce hypertension (by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme and endothelial nitric oxide synthase), modulate dyslipidemia and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have been reported, and characterized. Taken together, future research and development investments in nutraceutical peptides from microalgae proteins need to focus on the challenges of large-scale biomass production, improvement in techniques for protein extraction, peptide release and processing, and the need for clinical trials to validate the claimed health benefits as well as formulation of various consumer products with the novel bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwunonso E. C. C. Ejike
- Department of Medical BiochemistryFaculty of Basic Medical SciencesAlex Ekwueme Federal UniversityNdufu‐AlikeEbonyi State482131Nigeria
| | - Timothy P. C. Ezeorba
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu State410001Nigeria
| | - Obinna Ajah
- Department of BiochemistryCollege of Natural SciencesMichael Okpara University of AgricultureUmudikeAbia State440101Nigeria
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition SciencesFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioK1H 8M5Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada
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Biparva P, Mirzapour-Kouhdasht A, Valizadeh S, Garcia-Vaquero M. Advanced Processing of Giant Kelp ( Macrocystis pyrifera) for Protein Extraction and Generation of Hydrolysates with Anti-Hypertensive and Antioxidant Activities In Vitro and the Thermal/Ionic Stability of These Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030775. [PMID: 36979023 PMCID: PMC10045072 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, giant kelp was explored under various conventional and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions for the extraction of protein, its hydrolysis, and ultrafiltration to generate multiple fractions. The amino acid composition of all the fractions and their biological activities in vitro, including angiotensin-converting enzyme I (ACE) inhibitory activity and antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing power (RP), and ferrous chelating (FC) activities) were tested by storing the compounds for 2 weeks at various temperatures (-20-60 °C) and pHs (2-11) to elucidate their thermal and ionic stability, respectively. The yield of protein extraction using the conventional method was lower (≈39%) compared to the use of UAE (150 W, 15 min), which achieved protein recoveries of approximately 60%. After enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrafiltration, low-molecular-weight (MW) hydrolysates had the highest levels of ACE inhibitory (80%), DPPH (84%), RP (0.71 mM trolox equivalents), and FC (81%) activities. Amino acids associated with peptides of high biological activities, such as Val, Ala, Asx, Gly, Lys, Met, Leu, and His, were at higher levels in the low MW fraction compared to any other sample. The biological activities in vitro of all the samples fluctuated under the multiple storage conditions studied, with the highest stability of all the samples appreciated at -20 °C and pH 7. This study shows for the first time the use of giant kelp as a promising source of bioactive peptides and indicates the optimum processing and storing conditions for the use of these compounds as nutraceuticals or functional foods that could help in the prevention of cardiovascular disorders and multiple chronic diseases associated with oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paniz Biparva
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz P.O. Box 71441-65186, Iran
| | - Armin Mirzapour-Kouhdasht
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shahriyar Valizadeh
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz P.O. Box 71441-65186, Iran
| | - Marco Garcia-Vaquero
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Neo YT, Chia WY, Lim SS, Ngan CL, Kurniawan TA, Chew KW. Smart systems in producing algae-based protein to improve functional food ingredients industries. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112480. [PMID: 36869493 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Production and extraction systems of algal protein and handling process of functional food ingredients need to control several parameters such as temperature, pH, intensity, and turbidity. Many researchers have investigated the Internet of Things (IoT) approach for enhancing the yield of microalgae biomass and machine learning for identifying and classifying microalgae. However, there have been few specific studies on using IoT and artificial intelligence (AI) for production and extraction of algal protein as well as functional food ingredients processing. In order to improve the production of algal protein and functional food ingredients, the implementation of smart system is a must to have real-time monitoring, remote control system, quick response to sudden events, prediction and characterisation. Techniques of IoT and AI are expected to help functional food industries to have a big breakthrough in the future. Manufacturing and implementation of beneficial smart systems are important to provide convenience and to increase the efficiency of work by using the interconnectivity of IoT devices to have good capturing, processing, archiving, analyzing, and automation. This review investigates the possibilities of implementation of IoT and AI in production and extraction of algal protein and processing of functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ting Neo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wen Yi Chia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siew Shee Lim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Loong Ngan
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62, Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
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12
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Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Antioxidant Potential of Valuable Protein from Ulva rigida Macroalgae. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010086. [PMID: 36676035 PMCID: PMC9864898 DOI: 10.3390/life13010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ulva green macroalgae or sea lettuce are rich sources of protein with nutritional benefits that promote health as a future plant-based functional ingredient in the food industry. Alkaline pretreatment improved ultrasonic-assisted protein extraction from Ulva rigida biomass. Parameters affecting ultrasonic-assisted extraction of protein were type of solvent, biomass-solvent ratio, biomass preparation and extraction cycle. In vitro digestibility was evaluated from oven- and freeze-dried biomass. Results showed highest concentration and extraction yield of protein from U. rigida using alkaline rather than acid and distilled water. A high biomass-solvent ratio at 1:10 or 0.1 g mL-1 increased protein extraction. Higher alkaline concentration increased protein extraction. Highest protein extractability was 8.5% dry matter from freeze-dried U. rigida biomass, with highest protein extraction and antioxidant activity from extraction of U. rigida macroalgae at high alkaline concentrations. U. rigida macroalgae oven-dried biomass presented suitable human digestibility. Efficient pretreatment of U. rigida maximized protein hydrolysate and bioactive peptide production for wide-ranging applications.
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13
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Recent Advances in the Valorization of Algae Polysaccharides for Food and Nutraceutical Applications: a Review on the Role of Green Processing Technologies. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Tkaczewska J, Zając M, Jamróz E, Derbew H. Utilising waste from soybean processing as raw materials for the production of preparations with antioxidant properties, serving as natural food preservatives - A pilot study. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Phuong H, Massé A, Dumay J, Vandanjon L, Mith H, Legrand J, Arhaliass A. Enhanced Liberation of Soluble Sugar, Protein, and R-Phycoerythrin Under Enzyme-Assisted Extraction on Dried and Fresh Gracilaria gracilis Biomass. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.718857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the bio-refinery process through an enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) on freeze-dried and fresh macroalgae Gracilaria gracilis for the release of water-soluble components (R-phycoerythrin, proteins, and sugar). Three enzymes, cellulase, protease, and enzyme cocktail (mixture of cellulase and protease), were applied in the study. Results showed that freeze-dried biomass yielded the highest target components in the presence of enzyme cocktail while a single enzyme was better with fresh biomass, either protease for the release of R-PE and protein or cellulase for sugar. The extraction of protein and sugar was improved by 43% and 57%, respectively, from fresh biomass compared to dried biomass. The difference of biomass status was shown to affect the required enzyme and recovery yield during the extraction process. Employing an enzyme cocktail on freeze-dried biomass boosted the extraction yield, which was probably due to the complementary effect between enzymes. On the other hand, single enzyme worked better on fresh biomass, giving economic benefits (enzyme limitation and drying stage) for further implementation of the bio-refinery process. Thus, biomass treatment (fresh or freeze-dried) and enzyme-type determined the efficiency of enzyme-assisted extraction according to the target components.
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16
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Identification and in silico study of a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptide derived from green seaweed Ulva spp. hydrolysates. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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G Yathisha U, Srinivasa MG, Siddappa Bc R, P Mandal S, Dixit SR, Pujar GV, Bangera Sheshappa M. Isolation and characterization of ACE-I inhibitory peptides from ribbonfish for a potential inhibitor of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2: An in silico analysis. Proteins 2021; 90:982-992. [PMID: 34877713 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, multifunctional fish peptides (FWPs) have gained a lot of attention because of their different biological activities. In the present study, three angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE-I) inhibitory peptides [Ala-Pro-Asp-Gly (APDG), Pro-Thr-Arg (PTR), and Ala-Asp (AD)] were isolated and characterized from ribbonfish protein hydrolysate (RFPH) and described their mechanism of action on ACE activity. As per the results, peptide PTR showed ≈ 2 and 2.5-fold higher enzyme inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.643 ± 0.0011 μM) than APDG (IC50 = 1.061 ± 0.0127 μM) and AD (IC50 = 2.046 ± 0.0130 μM). Based on experimental evidence, peptides were used for in silico analysis to check the inhibitory activity of the main protease (PDB: 7BQY) of SARS-CoV-2. The results of the study reveal that PTR (-46.16 kcal/mol) showed higher binding affinity than APDG (-36.80 kcal/mol) and AD (-30.24 kcal/mol) compared with remdesivir (-30.64 kcal/mol). Additionally, physicochemical characteristics of all the isolated peptides exhibited appropriate pharmacological properties and were found to be nontoxic. Besides, 20 ns molecular dynamic simulation study confirms the rigid nature, fewer confirmation variations, and binding stiffness of the peptide PTR with the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the present study strongly suggested that PTR is the perfect substrate for inhibiting the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 through the in silico study, and this potential drug candidate may promote the researcher for future wet lab experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undiganalu G Yathisha
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Mangalore, India
| | - Mahendra Gowdru Srinivasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Revana Siddappa Bc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Subankar P Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Sheshagiri R Dixit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - G V Pujar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Mamatha Bangera Sheshappa
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Mangalore, India
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18
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Macroalgae as Protein Sources—A Review on Protein Bioactivity, Extraction, Purification and Characterization. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11177969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The increased demand for protein sources combined with a decrease in the available land and water resources have led to a growing interest in macroalgae as alternative protein sources. This review focuses on strategies for macroalgae protein extraction, enrichment and characterization. To date, the protein extraction methods applied to algae include enzymatic hydrolysis, physical processes and chemical extraction. Novel methods, such as pulsed electric field, microwave-assisted, pressurized liquid and supercritical fluid extractions, and the application of smart solvents are discussed. An overview of the use of membranes and other processes to generate high-value protein concentrates from algae extracts is also presented, as well as some examples of the methods used for their characterization. The potential bioactivities from macroalgae-derived proteins and peptides, including novel glycoproteins and lectins, are briefly reviewed.
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19
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Geada P, Moreira C, Silva M, Nunes R, Madureira L, Rocha CMR, Pereira RN, Vicente AA, Teixeira JA. Algal proteins: Production strategies and nutritional and functional properties. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 332:125125. [PMID: 33865652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Animal-based proteins are the most consumed worldwide given their well-balanced nutritional composition. However, the growing demand for animal proteins will not be sustainable due to their low conversion efficiency and high environmental footprint. Specific consumers' dietary restrictions and modern trends emphasize the importance of finding alternative sustainable non-animal sources to meet future food (and, in particular, protein) global needs. Algal biomass is considered a relevant alternative, presenting advantages over terrestrial biomass such as higher growth rate, low water consumption, no competition for arable land, carbon-neutral emissions, and production of numerous bioactive compounds. This review provides an overview of recent research advances on algae as source of proteins, including production strategies from relevant protein-producing species. Particular emphasis will be given to algae protein current applications and forthcoming challenges of their use. Nutritional and functional aspects of algae biomass or its protein-enriched fractions will be overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Geada
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Catarina Moreira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Silva
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Nunes
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Leandro Madureira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristina M R Rocha
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo N Pereira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - António A Vicente
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - José A Teixeira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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20
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Alboofetileh M, Hamzeh A, Abdollahi M. Seaweed Proteins as a Source of Bioactive Peptides. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1342-1352. [PMID: 33557731 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210208153249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds have received great attention as a vegetarian and sustainable marine source of protein, which does not need irrigation, arable land, and fertilization. Besides, seaweeds are considered as an untapped resource for discovering bioactive compounds with health benefits where bioactive peptides have shown outstanding potential. This review provides a detailed overview of available scientific knowledge on production methods, bioactivity and application of peptides from seaweed proteins. The emphasis is on the effects from seaweed varieties and peptide production conditions on the bioactivity of the peptides and their potential health benefits. Bioactive properties of seaweed peptides, including antioxidant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer activities and other potential health benefits, have been discussed. It also covers current challenges and required future research and innovations for the successful application of seaweeds proteins as a sustainable source of bioactive peptides. Effects from seasonal variation of seaweed composition on the bioactivity of their peptides, difficulties in the extraction of proteins from seaweed complex structure, scalability and reproducibility of the developed methods for the production of bioactive peptides, the safety of the peptides are examples of highlighted challenges. Further studies on the bioavailability of the seaweed bioactive peptides and validation of the results in animal models and human trials are needed before their application as functional foods or pharmaceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alboofetileh
- Iran Fish Processing Technology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Anzali, Iran
| | - Ali Hamzeh
- School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Mehdi Abdollahi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering-Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Yu Y, Hu Q, Liu J, Su A, Xu H, Li X, Huang Q, Zhou J, Mariga AM, Yang W. Isolation, purification and identification of immunologically active peptides from Hericium erinaceus. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 151:112111. [PMID: 33716052 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active peptides released by proteins are important in regulating immunity. The purpose of this study was to isolate and purify an immunologically active peptide from Hericium erinaceus (H. erinaceus) and to explore its effect on cytokine secretion and differentiation of macrophages. An active peptide with an amino acid sequence, Lys-Ser-Pro-Leu-Tyr (KSPLY) was obtained from H. erinaceus protein by ultrafiltration combined with multistage chromatography separation and identification technology. Subsequently, it was confirmed that the synthetic peptide KSPLY had a good immunomodulatory activity at a concentration of 100 μmol/L and could promote the secretion of NO, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α by macrophages. The effects of KSPLY on M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages were also studied. Results showed that KSPLY inhibited the secretion of NO and IL-6 by M1 macrophages and promoted the tendency of M2 macrophages to transform to M1 macrophages. Therefore, it can be concluded that KSPLY is an effective immunomodulatory peptide that may be beneficial in cancer treatment and human health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Anxiang Su
- Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China; Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, United States
| | - Jinlan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Alfred Mugambi Mariga
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Meru University of Science Technology, P.O. Box, 972-60400, Meru, Kenya
| | - Wenjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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22
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Nadeeshani H, Hassouna A, Lu J. Proteins extracted from seaweed Undaria pinnatifida and their potential uses as foods and nutraceuticals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6187-6203. [PMID: 33703974 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1898334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Isolation and utilization of proteins from seaweeds have been a novel trend in the world at present due to the increasing demand for healthy non-animal proteins. The attention of scientific community has been paid on the protein derived from seaweed Undaria pinnatifida due to their high nutritional quality and bioactivity. This article aims to provide an integrated overview on methods of extraction, isolation and purification of U. pinnatifida-derived proteins and composition, nutritional value and potential nutraceutical and food applications with an interest to stimulate further research to optimize the utilization. Potential food applications of U. pinnatifida derived proteins are nutritional components in human diet, food ingredients and additives, alternative meat and meat analogues and animal and fish feed. Excellent antioxidant, antihypertension, anticoagulant, anti-diabetes, antimicrobial and anti-cancer activities possessed by proteins of U. pinnatifida enable the use of these proteins in various nutraceutical applications. A number of studies have been carried out on antioxidant and antihypertensive activities of U. pinnatifida proteins, whereas other bioactivites are yet to be further studied. Hence, more research works are crucial to be done in order to facilitate and promote the emerging novel foods and nutraceuticals, using proteins from seaweed U. pinnatifida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshani Nadeeshani
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amira Hassouna
- School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Discovery, Auckland, New Zealand
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
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23
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Enzyme-Assisted Release of Antioxidant Peptides from Porphyra dioica Conchocelis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020249. [PMID: 33562036 PMCID: PMC7915985 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The conchocelis life cycle stage of P. dioica represents an unexplored source of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to generate and characterise, for the first time, hydrolysates of conchocelis using a specific combination of proteases (Prolyve® and Flavourzyme®). Hydrolysate molecular mass distribution and free amino acid contents were assessed, and the antioxidant activity was determined using a range of in vitro assays. The protein content and the total amino acid profiles of conchocelis were also studied. Conchocelis contained ~25% of protein (dry weight basis) and had a complete profile of essential amino acids. Direct sequential enzymatic treatment modified the profile of the generated compounds, increasing the amount of low molecular weight peptides (<1 kDa). There was a significant improvement in the antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates compared with the control (up to 2.5-fold), indicating their potential as a novel source of antioxidant ingredients.
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24
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de Matos FM, Novelli PK, de Castro RJS. Enzymatic hydrolysis of black cricket (Gryllus assimilis) proteins positively affects their antioxidant properties. J Food Sci 2021; 86:571-578. [PMID: 33438276 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of innovative ingredients through biotechnological routes has established insect proteins as an emerging source of bioactive peptides. The current study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties of black cricket (Gryllus assimilis) protein hydrolysates produced using the proteases FlavourzymeTM 500L, AlcalaseTM 2.4L, and NeutraseTM 0.8L, either individually or in binary/ternary combinations. The enzymatic hydrolysis promoted an increase of approximately 160% in total antioxidant capacity and 93% in the ferric reducing antioxidant power. The isolated use of the enzyme FlavourzymeTM 500L showed the most prominent positive effect on the antioxidant properties, presenting an IC50 value of 455 and 71 µg/mL for DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging activities, respectively. This sample was composed mainly of small peptides (MW < 3 kDa), in which the antioxidant properties increased after fractionation by ultrafiltration. Gel electrophoresis analysis showed protein hydrolysates composed mainly of polypeptide chains with a mass of less than 14 kDa. Finally, the enzymatic treatment proved to be an efficient process to improve the antioxidant properties of black cricket proteins, increasing the possibility of applying these hydrolysates as bioactive ingredients in food or nutraceutical products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Insects represent an alternative source of proteins. Their modification through hydrolysis allows for the acquisition of compounds with great potential in industrial applications, such as functional ingredients or for nutraceutical purposes. The use of our experimental design proved to be an adequate tool for defining the best process conditions required for increasing the attainment of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielle Miranda de Matos
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Paula Kern Novelli
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Ruann Janser Soares de Castro
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
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25
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Liu K, Li XY, Luo JP, Zha XQ. Bioactivities. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0320-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Biris-Dorhoi ES, Michiu D, Pop CR, Rotar AM, Tofana M, Pop OL, Socaci SA, Farcas AC. Macroalgae-A Sustainable Source of Chemical Compounds with Biological Activities. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3085. [PMID: 33050561 PMCID: PMC7601163 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, one of the most important research directions that concerns the scientific world is to exploit the earth's resources in a sustainable way. Considering the increasing interest in finding new sources of bioactive molecules and functional products, many research studies focused their interest on demonstrating the sustainability of exploiting marine macroalgal biomass as feedstock for wastewater treatment and natural fertilizer, conversion into green biofuels, active ingredients in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products, or even for the production of functional ingredients and integration in the human food chain. The objective of the present paper was to provide an overview on the recent progress in the exploitation of different macroalgae species as a source of bioactive compounds, mainly emphasizing the latter published data regarding their potential bioactivities, health benefits, and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Suzana Biris-Dorhoi
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Delia Michiu
- Department of Food Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen R. Pop
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Ancuta M. Rotar
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Maria Tofana
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Oana L. Pop
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Sonia A. Socaci
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Anca C. Farcas
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
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Cermeño M, Kleekayai T, Amigo‐Benavent M, Harnedy‐Rothwell P, FitzGerald RJ. Current knowledge on the extraction, purification, identification, and validation of bioactive peptides from seaweed. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1694-1717. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cermeño
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Limerick Limerick Ireland
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Pimentel FB, Cermeño M, Kleekayai T, Harnedy-Rothwell PA, Fernandes E, Alves RC, Oliveira MBP, FitzGerald RJ. Enzymatic Modification of Porphyra dioica-Derived Proteins to Improve their Antioxidant Potential. Molecules 2020; 25:E2838. [PMID: 32575491 PMCID: PMC7355851 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis has been employed to modify protein functional properties and discover new sources of antioxidants. In this study, the effect of different enzymatic treatments on antioxidant activity of Porphyra dioica (blades and protein isolate (PI)) was investigated. Protein nitrogen content of P. dioica blades and PI were 23 and 50% (dry weight), respectively. Blades and PI were hydrolyzed with Prolyve® and Prolyve® plus Flavourzyme®. Peptide profiles and molecular mass distribution of the hydrolysates were investigated. The hydrolysis promoted generation of peptides and low molecular mass components <1 kDa. Antioxidant activity was assessed using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) scavenging, 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS·+) inhibition, and reactive oxygen species scavenging ability, i.e., oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) scavenging assays. In general, enzymatic hydrolysis of P. dioica blades and PI enhanced the in vitro antioxidant activity. Direct hydrolysis of blades improved ORAC values up to 5-fold (from 610 to 3054 μmol Trolox eq./g freeze dried sample (FDS). The simultaneous release of phenolic compounds suggested a potential synergistic activity (ORAC and ABTS·+ assays). Such hydrolysates may be of value as functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa B. Pimentel
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Maria Cermeño
- Proteins and Peptides Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (M.C.); (T.K.); (P.A.H.-R.); (R.J.F.)
| | - Thanyaporn Kleekayai
- Proteins and Peptides Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (M.C.); (T.K.); (P.A.H.-R.); (R.J.F.)
| | - Pádraigín A. Harnedy-Rothwell
- Proteins and Peptides Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (M.C.); (T.K.); (P.A.H.-R.); (R.J.F.)
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rita C. Alves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - M. Beatriz P.P. Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Richard J. FitzGerald
- Proteins and Peptides Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (M.C.); (T.K.); (P.A.H.-R.); (R.J.F.)
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Pimentel FB, Cermeño M, Kleekayai T, Harnedy PA, FitzGerald RJ, Alves RC, Oliveira MBPP. Effect of in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the antioxidant activity of the red seaweed Porphyra dioica. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109309. [PMID: 32846518 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Porphyra sp. is one of the most cultivated and commercially valuable species, recognized for its high protein content (up to 47% dry weight) and complete amino acids profile. Based on these characteristics, P. dioica produced in an integrated multitrophic aquaculture system was selected for this study. The aim was to evaluate the effect of in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) on the antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates generated from dried blades and from the protein isolate (PI) extracted from them. The alkali extraction and isoelectric precipitation (pH 4.5) of P. dioica protein prior SGID allowed isolating/enriching protein, while direct SGID of blades allowed assessing the potential influence of other constituents of the sample on the bioactive properties. Overall, SGID promoted the release of smaller bioactive peptides and their in vitro antioxidant activity, which was assessed by different methods (DPPH and ABTS+ scavenging capacity, ORAC and FRAP), was improved compared to the intact samples. Blades submitted to direct SGID presented significantly higher ORAC values compared to PI (2010 ± 136 vs 542 ± 21 µmol TE/g FDS, respectively). For the remaining assays, PI presented more potent antioxidant activity, especially FRAP (131 ± 2 vs 16 ± 1 µmol TE/g FDS) and ABTS+ (1244 ± 157 vs 230 ± 15 µmol TE/g FDS). The results indicated that gastrointestinal digestion improved the antioxidant activity of P. dioica-derived hydrolysates, as they presented effective activity against different oxidative mechanisms, thus suggesting health-protecting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa B Pimentel
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Cermeño
- Proteins and Peptides Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Thanyaporn Kleekayai
- Proteins and Peptides Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Pádraigín A Harnedy
- Proteins and Peptides Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Richard J FitzGerald
- Proteins and Peptides Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Rita C Alves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - M Beatriz P P Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Zheng Y, Zhang Y, San S. Efficacy of a Novel ACE-Inhibitory Peptide from Sargassum Maclurei in Hypertension and Reduction of Intracellular Endothelin-1. Nutrients 2020; 12:E653. [PMID: 32121212 PMCID: PMC7146574 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum maclurei is a potential protein resource because of its high protein content and relatively balanced amino acid composition. To promote its usage in food, medical, or other industries, S. maclurei protein was hydrolyzed by pepsin and papain to obtain bioactive peptides. The S. maclurei protein hydrolysates (SMPHs) were purified using gel chromatography and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and 12 major fractions were obtained. The fraction D11 with the highest angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition (61.59%, at 1 mg/ mL) was subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, and about 17 peptides were identified, of which the RWDISQPY (1063.5 Da) was chosen to be synthesized based on in silico analysis. The RWDISQPY demonstrated high ACE inhibition ability (IC50: 72.24 μM) with competitive inhibition mode, and could effectively (p < 0.05) lower the systolic blood pressure and diastolic pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats at the concentration of 150 mg/kg body weight. The results of the molecular docking simulation demonstrated that RWDISQPY could bind with the active sites S1 and S2 of ACE via short hydrogen bonds. Moreover, RWDISQPY showed acceptable endothelin-1 suppressing capacity (26.21% at 1.5 mg/mL). These results indicate that S. maclurei could be developed into functional foods such as antihypertensive products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zheng
- Food Science Institute of Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Tropical Agriculture Academic, Haikou 570100, China;
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
| | - Sang San
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
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The Protective Effect of the Polysaccharide Precursor, D-Isofloridoside, from Laurencia undulata on Alcohol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in HepG2 Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051024. [PMID: 32106572 PMCID: PMC7179215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) threatens human health, so it is imperative that we find ways to prevent or treat it. In recent years, the study of polysaccharides has shown that they have different kinds of bioactivities. Among them are many biological effects that have been attributed to polysaccharide precursors. D-Isofloridoside (DIF) is one of the polysaccharide precursors from the marine red alga Laurencia undulata. This study evaluated the effect of DIF on alcohol-induced oxidative stress in human hepatoma cells (HepG2). As a result, DIF attenuated alcohol-induced cytotoxicity, reduced the amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and effectively reduced alcohol-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells. In addition, a western blot showed that, after DIF treatment, the expression levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2) increased, while the expression levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), BCL2-associated X (bax), cleaved caspase-3, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase) signal transduction proteins reduced. This showed that DIF may protect cells by reducing the amount of intracellular ROS and inhibiting intracellular oxidative stress and apoptotic processes. Finally, molecular docking demonstrated that DIF can bind to SOD, GGT, B-cell lymphoma-2, and bax proteins. These results indicated that DIF can protect HepG2 cells from alcohol-induced oxidative stress damage, making it an effective potential ingredient in functional foods.
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