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Campeanu AT, Rus M, Ispas S, Herlo A, Craciun A, Ionescu C, Banariu GM, Cambrea CS, Nicolae M, Nelson-Twakor A, Dumitru IM. Prevalence and association of oral manifestations with disease severity in patients diagnosed with COVID‑19: A cross‑sectional study. MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2024; 4:30. [PMID: 38660127 PMCID: PMC11040283 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2024.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Systemic disorders may exhibit early signs when conducting an oral examination. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, several studies have been published detailing the direct impact of the virus on the oral cavity. The present study aimed to determine whether indeed there are any significant disparities in oropharyngeal manifestations between individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and a control group, and whether the virus has the ability to invade and reproduce inside oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts, resulting in the development of oral ulcerations and superficial lesions. The present study provides an overview of the symptoms that occur at an early stage of the illness, and the most commonly affected regions of the oral cavity, including the tongue, lips, palate and oropharynx are examined. In the present retrospective study, 52 patients infected with COVID-19 were recruited between April, 2021 and October, 2022. In addition, 52 individuals who tested negative for the virus were recruited as the control group. The study was conducted through a thorough examination and questionnaire provided to all participants. The results revealed that among the cohort of patients from the COVID-19 group examined (n=52), a proportion (mean, 16.15) displayed oral manifestations. Specifically, 75% of the patients in the COVID-19 group described oral cavity pain, and 69% of these patients had changes in teeth color or dental caries. In summary, in relation to the control group, the prevalence of oropharyngeal symptoms was generally lower compared to the COVID-19 group, apart from oral cavity pain (30.8%), tonsillitis (17.3%), bleeding (34.6%), teeth color changes (36.5%), recurrence (15.4%) and abscesses (7.7%). Thus, on the whole, the patients without COVID-19 had fewer oral manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana-Teodora Campeanu
- General Directorate of Social Assistance and Child Protection, 900178 Constanta, Romania
- Department of PhD Research, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Mihaela Rus
- Faculty of Law and Administrative Science, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Sorina Ispas
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Alexandra Herlo
- Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Aurora Craciun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Constantin Ionescu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Gheorghe-Mihail Banariu
- Department of PhD Research, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Claudia-Simona Cambrea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, 900178 Constanta, Romania
| | - Maria Nicolae
- Department of Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Andreea Nelson-Twakor
- Department of Internal Medicine, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Irina-Magdalena Dumitru
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, 900178 Constanta, Romania
- Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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Tsuchiya H. Treatments of COVID-19-Associated Taste and Saliva Secretory Disorders. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:140. [PMID: 37366663 DOI: 10.3390/dj11060140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the worldwide spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, treating taste and saliva secretory disorders associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a critical issue. The aim of the present study was to update information on treatments applicable to such oral symptoms and discuss their pathogenic mechanisms. The literature search indicated that different treatments using tetracycline, corticosteroids, zinc, stellate ganglion block, phytochemical curcumin, traditional herbal medicine, nutraceutical vitamin D, photobiomodulation, antiviral drugs, malic acid sialagogue, chewing gum, acupuncture, and/or moxibustion have potential effects on COVID-19-associated ageusia/dysgeusia/hypogeusia and xerostomia/dry mouth/hyposalivation. These treatments have multiple modes of action on viral cellular entry and replication, cell proliferation and differentiation, immunity, and/or SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced pathological conditions such as inflammation, cytokine storm, pyroptosis, neuropathy, zinc dyshomeostasis, and dysautonomia. An understanding of currently available treatment options is required for dental professionals because they may treat patients who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 or who recovered from COVID-19, and become aware of their abnormal taste and salivary secretion. By doing so, dentists and dental hygienists could play a crucial role in managing COVID-19 oral symptoms and contribute to improving the oral health-related quality of life of the relevant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Tsuchiya
- Department of Dental Basic Education, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
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Koyama S, Mori E, Ueha R. Insight into the mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction by COVID-19. Auris Nasus Larynx 2022:S0385-8146(22)00230-9. [PMID: 36529610 PMCID: PMC9731926 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the unique symptoms of COVID-19 is chemosensory dysfunction. Almost three years since the beginning of the pandemic of COVID-19, there have been many studies on the symptoms, progress, and possible causes, and also studies on methods that may facilitate recovery of the senses. Studies have shown that some people recover their senses even within a couple of weeks whereas there are other patients that fail to recover chemosensory functions fully for several months and some never fully recover. Here we summarize the symptoms and the progress, and then review the papers on the causation as well as the treatments that may help facilitate the recovery of the symptoms. Depending on the differences in the levels of severity and the locations where the main pathological venues are, what is most effective in facilitating recovery can vary largely across patients and thus may require individualized strategies for each patient. The goal of this paper is to provide some thoughts on these choices depending on the differences in the causes and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Koyama
- Indiana University, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, United States,Correspondence author at: Indiana University, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 W Tenth St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Eri Mori
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Rumi Ueha
- Swallowing Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Japan
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Cabal‐Prieto A, Sánchez‐Arellano L, Herrera‐Corredor JA, Rodríguez‐Miranda J, Prinyawiwatkul W, Ramón‐Canul LG, Toledano‐Toledano F, Rodríguez‐Buenfil IM, Ramírez‐Sucre MO, Hernández‐Salinas G, de Ramírez‐Rivera EDJ. Effects of COVID-19 on sensory and cognitive perception of mild and severe diagnosed and recovered patients versus healthy consumers. J SENS STUD 2022; 38:e12798. [PMID: 36718473 PMCID: PMC9877580 DOI: 10.1111/joss.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to analyze the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the sensory and cognitive perception of mild and severe COVID-19 diagnosed and recovered consumers versus healthy consumers. Three groups of 50 consumers each (healthy vs. mild and severe COVID-19 diagnosed with 30 days after recovery) were used for the evaluation of instant coffee stimuli in concentrations: 4.40, 2.93, 2.20, 1.76, and 1.47% weight (w)/volume (v) and determine their discriminating power, emotions, and memories. Sensory tests were performed remotely. Results indicated that healthy consumers perceived higher intensities in most of the sensory attributes (with the exception of Burnt-A, Bitter-T, Acid-T, and Astringent-T attributes) compared to consumers who presented mild and severe COVID-19. Therefore, consumers diagnosed with mild and severe COVID-19 had a higher discrimination power in the attributes smell, basic tastes, and flavor. Healthy consumers could only discriminate two attributes that correspond to basic flavors. Consumers with mild and severe COVID-19 diagnosis elicited the highest number of negatives emotions (such as bored, disgusted, worried, guilty, wild, and aggressive) and negative memories (disease, pain, death, hurt, obesity, conflict personal, addiction, stench poverty, and accident) than healthy consumers. It is concluded that there were no significant differences between the consumer panels for the identification of sensory attributes. However, P-Healthy consumers perceived the highest intensities in most sensory attributes compared to those in the PCOVID19-Mild and PCOVID19-Severe panels. Finally, consumers diagnosed with mild or severe COVID-19 used a higher number of emotions and memories than those of the healthy panel. Practical applications Investigating the effects of COVID-19 on sensory and cognitive perception can be useful for industry and researchers in the sensory field who wish to understand the effects of the disease in order to generate new protocols for the selection and training of people, as well as the possible development and innovation of new products focused on perception of consumers recovered from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adan Cabal‐Prieto
- Ingeniería en Industrias AlimentariasTecnológico Nacional de México/Campus HuatuscoHuatusco, VeracruzMéxico
| | - Lucía Sánchez‐Arellano
- Ingeniería en Industrias AlimentariasTecnológico Nacional de México/Campus HuatuscoHuatusco, VeracruzMéxico
| | - José Andrés Herrera‐Corredor
- Programa en Innovación Agroalimentaria SustentableColegio de Postgraduados Campus CórdobaAmatlán de los Reyes, VeracruzMéxico
| | - Jesús Rodríguez‐Miranda
- Maestría en Ciencias en AlimentosTecnológico Nacional de México/Campus TuxtepecTuxtepec, OaxacaMéxico
| | - Witoon Prinyawiwatkul
- School of Nutrition and Food SciencesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Filiberto Toledano‐Toledano
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Basada en EvidenciasHospital Infantil de México Federico GómezMéxico CityMéxico
- Unidad de Investigación SociomédicaInstituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra IbarraMéxico CityMéxico
| | - Ingrid Mayanin Rodríguez‐Buenfil
- Sede SuresteCentro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Sede SuresteMéridaYucatánMéxico
| | - Manuel Octavio Ramírez‐Sucre
- Sede SuresteCentro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Sede SuresteMéridaYucatánMéxico
| | - Gregorio Hernández‐Salinas
- Ingeniería en Innovación Agrícola SustentableTecnológico Nacional de México/Campus ZongolicaZongolica, VeracruzMéxico
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