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Zheng J, Lin XJ, Xu H, Sohail M, Chen LA, Zhang X. Enzyme-mediated green synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and catalytic process intensification. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 74:108394. [PMID: 38857660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of structurally complex heteropolysaccharides that play pivotal roles in biological functions, including the regulation of cell proliferation, enzyme inhibition, and activation of growth factor receptors. Therefore, the synthesis of GAGs is a hot research topic in drug development. The enzymatic synthesis of GAGs has received widespread attention due to their eco-friendly nature, high regioselectivity, and stereoselectivity. The enhancement of the enzymatic synthesis process is the key to its industrial applications. In this review, we overviewed the construction of more efficient in vitro biomimetic synthesis systems of glycosaminoglycans and presented the different strategies to improve enzyme catalysis, including the combination of chemical and enzymatic methods, solid-phase synthesis, and protein engineering to solve the problems of enzyme stability, separation and purification of the product, preparation of structurally defined sugar chains, etc., and discussed the challenges and opportunities in large-scale green synthesis of GAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Lin
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Han Xu
- Jiangbei New Area biopharmaceutical Public Service Platform, 210031 Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Liang-An Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 210023 Nanjing, China.
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Sheng LL, Cai YM, Li Y, Huang SL, Sheng JZ. Advancements in heparosan production through metabolic engineering and improved fermentation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121881. [PMID: 38388039 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Heparin is one of the most widely used natural drugs, and has been the preferred anticoagulant and antithrombotic agent in the clinical setting for nearly a century. Heparin also shows increasing therapeutic potential for treating inflammation, cancer, and microbial and viral diseases, including COVID-19. With advancements in synthetic biology, heparin production through microbial engineering of heparosan offers a cost-effective and scalable alternative to traditional extraction from animal tissues. Heparosan serves as the starting carbon backbone for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of bioengineered heparin, possessing a chain length that is critically important for the production of heparin-based therapeutics with specific molecular weight (MW) distributions. Recent advancements in metabolic engineering of microbial cell factories have resulted in high-yield heparosan production. This review systematically analyzes the key modules involved in microbial heparosan biosynthesis and the latest metabolic engineering strategies for enhancing production, regulating MW, and optimizing the fermentation scale-up of heparosan. It also discusses future studies, remaining challenges, and prospects in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yi-Min Cai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Si-Ling Huang
- Bloomage BioTechnology Corp., Ltd., Jinan 250010, China
| | - Ju-Zheng Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 250100, China.
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3
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Esposito F, Sinquin C, Colliec-Jouault S, Cuenot S, Pugnière M, Ngo G, Traboni S, Zykwinska A, Bedini E. Multi-step semi-synthesis, structural characterization and growth factor interaction study of regiochemically sulfated diabolican polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129483. [PMID: 38242385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Diabolican is an exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Vibrio diabolicus HE800, a mesophilic bacterium firstly isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal field. Its glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-like structure, consisting of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit composed of two aminosugars (N-acetyl-glucosamine and N-acetyl-galactosamine) and two glucuronic acid units, suggested to subject it to regioselective sulfation processes, in order to obtain some sulfated derivatives potentially acting as GAG mimics. To this aim, a multi-step semi-synthetic approach, relying upon tailored sequence of regioselective protection, sulfation and deprotection steps, was employed in this work. The chemical structure of the obtained sulfated diabolican derivatives was characterized by a multi-technique analytic approach, in order to define both degree of sulfation (DS) and sulfation pattern within the polysaccharide repeating unit, above all. Finally, binding affinity for some growth factors relevant for biomedical applications was measured for both starting diabolican and sulfated derivatives thereof. Collected data suggested that sulfation pattern could be a key structural element for the selective interaction with signaling proteins not only in the case of native GAGs, as already known, but also for GAG-like structures obtained by regioselective sulfation of naturally unsulfated polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Esposito
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Corinne Sinquin
- Ifremer, MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Stéphane Cuenot
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes, France
| | | | - Giang Ngo
- IRCM, Univ Montpellier, ICM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Serena Traboni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Agata Zykwinska
- Ifremer, MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
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Fillaudeau A, Cuenot S, Makshakova O, Traboni S, Sinquin C, Hennetier M, Bedini E, Perez S, Colliec-Jouault S, Zykwinska A. Glycosaminoglycan-mimetic infernan grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide): Toward a thermosensitive polysaccharide. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121638. [PMID: 38142103 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are essential constituents of the cell surface and extracellular matrix, where they are involved in several cellular processes through their interactions with various proteins. For successful tissue regeneration, developing an appropriate matrix supporting biological activities of cells in a similar manner than GAGs remains still challenging. In this context, this study aims to design a thermosensitive polysaccharide that could further be used as hydrogel for tissue engineering applications. For this purpose, infernan, a marine bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS) endowed with GAG-mimetic properties was grafted with a thermosensitive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM). Eight grafted polysaccharides were obtained by varying EPS/pNIPAM molar ratio and the molecular weight of pNIPAM. Their physicochemical characteristics and their thermosensitive properties were determined using a multi-technique, experimental approach. In parallel, molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations were applied at two different scales to elucidate, respectively, the molecular conformation of grafted infernan chain and their ability to form an infinite network undergoing a sol-gel transition near the percolation, a necessary condition in hydrogel formation. It comes out from this study that thermosensitive infernan was successfully developed and its potential use in tissue regeneration as a hydrogel scaffold will further be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Fillaudeau
- Ifremer, MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Cuenot
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes, France.
| | - Olga Makshakova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Serena Traboni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Corinne Sinquin
- Ifremer, MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Marie Hennetier
- Plateforme Toulouse Field-Flow Fractionation Center, TFFFC, Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Serge Perez
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales, Université de Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Agata Zykwinska
- Ifremer, MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, F-44000 Nantes, France.
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Gao Q, He J, Wang J, Yan Y, Liu L, Wang Z, Shen W, Wan F. Effects of dietary D-lactate levels on rumen fermentation, microflora and metabolomics of beef cattle. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1348729. [PMID: 38380091 PMCID: PMC10877051 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1348729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Excessive intake of lactate caused by improper use of silage in animal husbandry has adverse effects on rumen fermentation, such as rumen acidosis. The speed of absorption and metabolism of D-lactate in rumen epithelial cells was slower than that of L-lactate, making D-lactate more prone to accumulate and induce rumen acidosis. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the effects of dietary D-lactate levels on rumen fermentation of beef cattle and its mechanism in an in vitro system. Methods This experiment was adopted in single-factor random trial design, with 5 days for adaptation and 3 days for sample collection. Three treatments (n = 8/treatment) were used: (1) D-LA (0.3%), basal fermentation substrate with 0.3% (dry matter, DM basis) D-lactate; (2) D-LA (0.75%), basal fermentation substrate with 0.75% (DM basis) D-lactate; and (3) D-LA (1.2%), basal fermentation substrate with 1.2% (DM basis) D-lactate. Results With the dietary D-lactate levels increased, the daily production of total gas, hydrogen and methane, as well as the ruminal concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, total volatile fatty acid and D-lactate increased (p < 0.05), but the ruminal pH and acetate/propionate ratios decreased (p < 0.05). Principle coordinate analysis based on Bray-Curtis distance showed that increasing dietary D-lactate levels could significantly affect the structure of rumen bacterial community (p < 0.05), but had no significant effect on the structure of rumen eukaryotic community (p > 0.05). NK4A214_group, Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group, Eubacterium_oxidoreducens_group, Escherichia-Shigella, Marvinbryantia and Entodinium were enriched in D-LA (1.2%) group (p < 0.05), as well as WCHB1-41, vadinBE97, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Anaeroplasma and Ruminococcus were enriched in D-LA (0.3%) group (p < 0.05). Changes in the composition of ruminal microorganisms affected rumen metabolism, mainly focus on the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans (p < 0.05). Discussion Overall, feeding whole-plant corn silage with high D-lactate content could not induce rumen acidosis, and the metabolization of dietary D-lactate into volatile fatty acids increased the energy supply of beef cattle. However, it also increased the ruminal CH4 emissions and the relative abundance of opportunistic pathogen Escherichia-Shigella in beef cattle. The relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota and Escherichia-Shigella may be influenced by glycosaminoglycans, reflecting the interaction between rumen microorganisms and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianfu He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yonghui Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fachun Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wang D, Hu L, Xu R, Zhang W, Xiong H, Wang Y, Du G, Kang Z. Production of different molecular weight glycosaminoglycans with microbial cell factories. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 171:110324. [PMID: 37742407 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are naturally occurring acidic polysaccharides with wide applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and health foods. The diverse biological activities and physiological functions of GAGs are closely associated with their molecular weights and sulfation patterns. Except for the non-sulfated hyaluronan which can be synthesized naturally by group A Streptococcus, all the other GAGs such as heparin and chondroitin sulfate are mainly acquired from animal tissues. Microbial cell factories provide a more effective platform for the production of structurally homogeneous GAGs. Enhancing the production efficiency of polysaccharides, accurately regulating the GAGs molecular weight, and effectively controlling the sulfation degree of GAGs represent the major challenges of developing GAGs microbial cell factories. Several enzymatic, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology strategies have been developed to tackle these obstacles and push forward the industrialization of biotechnologically produced GAGs. This review summarizes the recent advances in the construction of GAGs synthesis cell factories, regulation of GAG molecular weight, and modification of GAGs chains. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects for future research in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Litao Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ruirui Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weijiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haibo Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhen Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Waseem T, Ahmed M, Rajput TA, Babar MM. Molecular implications of glycosaminoglycans in diabetes pharmacotherapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125821. [PMID: 37467830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus causes a wide range of metabolic derangements with multiple organ damage. The microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes result partly from the damage to the glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in the basement membrane. GAGs are negatively charged polysaccharides with repeating disaccharide units. They play a significant role in cellular proliferation and signal transduction. Destruction of extracellular matrix results in diseases in various organs including myocardial fibrosis, retinal damage and nephropathy. To substitute the natural GAGs pharmacotherapeutically, they have been synthesized by using basic disaccharide units. Among the four classes of GAGs, heparin is the most widely studied. Recent studies have revealed multiple significant GAG-protein interactions suggesting their use for the management of diabetic complications. Moreover, they can act as biomarkers for assessing the disease progression. A number of GAG-based therapeutic agents are being evaluated for managing diabetic complications. The current review provides an outline of the role of GAGs in diabetes while covering their interaction with different molecular players that can serve as targets for the diagnosis, management and prevention of diabetes and its complications. The medicinal chemistry and clinical pharmacotherapeutics aspects have are covered to aid in the establishment of GAG-based therapies as a possible avenue for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Waseem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Tausif Ahmed Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mustafeez Mujtaba Babar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
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Sun JY, Deng JQ, Du RR, Xin SY, Cao YL, Lu Z, Guo XP, Wang FS, Sheng JZ. Novel β1,4 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase in de novo enzymatic synthesis of hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12671-5. [PMID: 37405432 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of de novo synthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA) using Pasteurella multocida hyaluronate synthase (PmHAS) is limited by its low catalytic activity during the initial reaction steps when monosaccharides are the acceptor substrates. In this study, we identified and characterized a β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase (EcGnT) derived from the O-antigen gene synthesis cluster of Escherichia coli O8:K48:H9. Recombinant β1,4 EcGnT effectively catalyzed the production of HA disaccharides when the glucuronic acid monosaccharide derivative 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucuronide (GlcA-pNP) was used as the acceptor. Compared with PmHAS, β1,4 EcGnT exhibited superior N-acetylglucosamine transfer activity (~ 12-fold) with GlcA-pNP as the acceptor, making it a better option for the initial step of de novo HA oligosaccharide synthesis. We then developed a biocatalytic approach for size-controlled HA oligosaccharide synthesis using the disaccharide produced by β1,4 EcGnT as a starting material, followed by stepwise PmHAS-catalyzed synthesis of longer oligosaccharides. Using this approach, we produced a series of HA chains of up to 10 sugar monomers. Overall, our study identifies a novel bacterial β1,4 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and establishes a more efficient process for HA oligosaccharide synthesis that enables size-controlled production of HA oligosaccharides. KEY POINTS: • A novel β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase (EcGnT) from E. coli O8:K48:H9. • EcGnT is superior to PmHAS for enabling de novo HA oligosaccharide synthesis. • Size-controlled HA oligosaccharide synthesis relay using EcGnT and PmHAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Qun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Ran-Ran Du
- Bloomage BioTechnology Corp., Ltd., Jinan, 250010, China
| | - Si-Yu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Lin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Bloomage BioTechnology Corp., Ltd., Jinan, 250010, China
| | - Xue-Ping Guo
- Bloomage BioTechnology Corp., Ltd., Jinan, 250010, China
| | - Feng-Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ju-Zheng Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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