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Jin Q, Yao Z, Liu F, Di Y, Gao J, Zhang X. The protective effect of a combination of human intracellular and extracellular antibodies against the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2035118. [PMID: 35240918 PMCID: PMC9009906 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2035118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus poses a serious threat to humans. Due to its antiviral activity, antibody-based therapy is one of the possible effective countermeasures. Here, a combination of intracellular and extracellular human antibodies was investigated and showed an improved protective effect. Methods The scFv4F5-based intracellular antibody vectors and IgG1 extracellular antibody were constructed and expressed, respectively, and the sensitivity, specificity, and affinity of these antibodies were determined in vitro. In vivo, the protective effect of IgG1 and the combination of antibodies were tested respectively. Furthermore, the dynamics of viral replication, the related cytokines and apoptosis-related proteins were detected. Results In vitro, the expressed intracellular antibody inhibited H5N1 virus propagation and the IgG1 exhibited high specificity, sensitivity, and affinity against the H5N1 virus. In vivo, the extracellular antibody could inhibit viral propagation in a dose-dependent manner. The protective effect of IgG1 was good in a mouse model, and the survival was 100% at a dose of 15 mg/kg under infection with 100 TCID50 virus. When the intracellular antibody was pre-transfected in combination with IgG1, it had a better protective effect. The survival was 16.67% under treatment with IgG1 alone and up to 83.33% under treatment with the combination of antibodies when challenge of 500 TCID 50 virus. Furthermore, the levels of cytokines IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10 and some apoptosis-related proteins increased. Conclusions This antibody combination technique could be used as an appropriate and powerful alternative to antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology, National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Basic Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai`an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhangyu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology, National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fangzhou Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaxuan Di
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology, National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology, National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology, National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Luttman JH, Hoj JP, Lin KH, Lin J, Gu JJ, Rouse C, Nichols AG, MacIver NJ, Wood KC, Pendergast AM. ABL allosteric inhibitors synergize with statins to enhance apoptosis of metastatic lung cancer cells. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109880. [PMID: 34706244 PMCID: PMC8579324 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting mitochondrial metabolism has emerged as a treatment option for cancer patients. The ABL tyrosine kinases promote metastasis, and enhanced ABL signaling is associated with a poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Here we show that ABL kinase allosteric inhibitors impair mitochondrial integrity and decrease oxidative phosphorylation. To identify metabolic vulnerabilities that enhance this phenotype, we utilized a CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screen and identified HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway and target of statin therapies, as a top-scoring sensitizer to ABL inhibition. Combination treatment with ABL allosteric inhibitors and statins decreases metastatic lung cancer cell survival in vitro in a synergistic manner. Notably, combination therapy in mouse models of lung cancer brain metastasis and therapy resistance impairs metastatic colonization with a concomitant increase in animal survival. Thus, metabolic combination therapy might be effective to decrease metastatic outgrowth, leading to increased survival for lung cancer patients with advanced disease. Metabolic reprogramming in tumors is an adaptation that generates vulnerabilities that can be exploited for developing new therapies. Here Luttman et al. identify synergism between ABL allosteric inhibitors and lipophilic statins to impair metastatic lung cancer cell outgrowth and colonization, leading to increased survival in mouse models of advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Hattaway Luttman
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jacob P Hoj
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kevin H Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jiaxing Lin
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jing Jin Gu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Clay Rouse
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amanda G Nichols
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nancie J MacIver
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kris C Wood
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ann Marie Pendergast
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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Bahrami A, Bo S, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors on ageing: Molecular mechanisms. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 58:101024. [PMID: 32006687 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human ageing is determined by degenerative alterations and processes with different manifestations such as gradual organ dysfunction, tissue function loss, increased population of aged (senescent) cells, incapability of maintaining homeostasis and reduced repair capacity, which collectively lead to an increased risk of diseases and death. The inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase (statins) are the most widely used lipid-lowering agents, which can reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Accumulating evidence has documented several pleiotropic effects of statins in addition to their lipid-lowering properties. Recently, several studies have highlighted that statins may have the potential to delay the ageing process and inhibit the onset of senescence. In this review, we focused on the anti-ageing mechanisms of statin drugs and their effects on cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases.
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4
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Reddy JM, Raut NGR, Seifert JL, Hynds DL. Regulation of Small GTPase Prenylation in the Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2220-2231. [PMID: 31989383 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mevalonate pathway inhibitors have been extensively studied for their roles in cholesterol depletion and for inhibiting the prenylation and activation of various proteins. Inhibition of protein prenylation has potential therapeutic uses against neurological disorders, like neural cancers, neurodegeneration, and neurotramatic lesions. Protection against neurodegeneration and promotion of neuronal regeneration is regulated in large part by Ras superfamily small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), particularly the Ras, Rho, and Rab subfamilies. These proteins are prenylated to target them to cellular membranes. Prenylation can be specifically inhibited through altering the function of enzymes of the mevalonate pathway necessary for isoprenoid production and attachment to target proteins to elicit a variety of effects on neural cells. However, this approach does not address how prenylation affects a specific protein. This review focuses on the regulation of small GTPase prenylation, the different techniques to inhibit prenylation, and how this inhibition has affected neural cell processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - DiAnna L Hynds
- Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA.
- Woodcock Institute for the Advancement of Neurocognitive Research and Applied Practice, Texas Woman's University, PO Box 4525799, Denton, TX, 76204-5799, USA.
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Garnett DJ. Caveolae as a target to quench autoinduction of the metastatic phenotype in lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:611-8. [PMID: 26573510 PMCID: PMC4751176 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Mevalonate pathway inhibitors are potentially useful chemotherapeutic agents showing growth inhibition and pro-apoptotic effects in cancer cells. The effects of statins and bisphosphonates on cancer growth are attributed to a reduction in protein isoprenylation. Post-translational modification and activation of GTPase binding Ras superfamily permit the recruitment of these signal proteins to membranes where they mediate the cancer phenotype. Here, the effects of three inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway and one specific inhibitor of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins were studied in both an ER-negative, Ras-inactive breast (MDA-MB-231) and lung adenocarcinoma (CaLu-1) cells in vitro. Methods Treated cells were subject to genome-wide gene expression profiling. A gene subset was established so that the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) could be observed and compared with signalling protein shifts. Results Within the subset, some genes normally up-regulated during EMT were asymmetrically reduced by a Δ-24 DHCR inhibitor in the lung cells. Signalling proteins associated with caveolae were down-regulated by this oxidoreductase inhibitor, while those associated with membrane rafts were up-regulated. Conclusions This study decouples isoprenylation effects from cholesterol events per se. The data support a hypothesis that caveolae are abolished by Δ-24 DHCR intervention and it is revealed that these microdomains are vital EMT signalling structures for lung cells but not ER- and Ras-negative breast cells. When signalling by extracellular signals is quenched by removal of the hydrophilic conduit provided by caveolae, the transcriptome responds by moving the cellular identity towards quiescence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00432-015-2074-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- David John Garnett
- Institute of Science Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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Lau CPY, Wong KC, Huang L, Li G, Tsui SKW, Kumta SM. A mouse model of luciferase-transfected stromal cells of giant cell tumor of bone. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:493-503. [PMID: 26327464 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1075519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A major barrier towards the study of the effects of drugs on Giant Cell Tumor of Bone (GCT) has been the lack of an animal model. In this study, we created an animal model in which GCT stromal cells survived and functioned as proliferating neoplastic cells. A proliferative cell line of GCT stromal cells was used to create a stable and luciferase-transduced cell line, Luc-G33. The cell line was characterized and was found that there were no significant differences on cell proliferation rate and recruitment of monocytes when compared with the wild type GCT stromal cells. We delivered the Luc-G33 cells either subcutaneously on the back or to the tibiae of the nude mice. The presence of viable Luc-G33 cells was assessed using real-time live imaging by the IVIS 200 bioluminescent imaging (BLI) system. The tumor cells initially propagated and remained viable on site for 7 weeks in the subcutaneous tumor model. We also tested in vivo antitumor effects of Zoledronate (ZOL) and Geranylgeranyl transferase-I inhibitor (GGTI-298) alone or their combinations in Luc-G33-transplanted nude mice. ZOL alone at 400 µg/kg and the co-treatment of ZOL at 400 µg/kg and GGTI-298 at 1.16 mg/kg reduced tumor cell viability in the model. Furthermore, the anti-tumor effects by ZOL, GGTI-298 and the co-treatment in subcutaneous tumor model were also confirmed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. In conclusion, we established a nude mice model of GCT stromal cells which allows non-invasive, real-time assessments of tumor development and testing the in vivo effects of different adjuvants for treating GCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol P Y Lau
- a Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Chuen Wong
- a Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong
| | - Lin Huang
- b Department of Surgery , Prince of Wales Hospital , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong , and
| | - Gang Li
- a Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong
| | - Stephen K W Tsui
- c School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong
| | - Shekhar Madhukar Kumta
- a Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong
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7
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Crosbie J, Magnussen M, Dornbier R, Iannone A, Steele TA. Statins inhibit proliferation and cytotoxicity of a human leukemic natural killer cell line. Biomark Res 2013; 1:33. [PMID: 24359683 PMCID: PMC3878130 DOI: 10.1186/2050-7771-1-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Natural killer cells comprise the body’s first line of defense against virus-infected cells. As is true of all lymphocytes, natural killer cell malignancies can develop, however natural killer cell leukemias can be very difficult to treat due to their intrinsic resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. With the recent understanding that statin drugs may have anti-cancer properties, our investigations have focused on the ability of statins to inhibit the growth and cytotoxicity of the YT-INDY natural killer cell leukemia cell line. Results Our findings indicate that several statin compounds can inhibit YT-INDY proliferation disrupt cell cycle progression and abrogate natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Since natural killer cell leukemia cytotoxicity may play a role in the pulmonary damage seen in these patients, this is an important finding. Cytotoxicity, proliferation and cell cycle progression could be restored by the addition of mevalonate, signifying that the statin effects are brought about through HMG CoA reductase inhibition. The mevalonate pathway intermediate geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, but not other intermediates in the mevalonate pathway, partially reversed statin-induced inhibition of YT-INDY proliferation and cytotoxicity. These results suggest that blockage of products made in the latter part of the mevalonate pathway may account for the observed inhibitory effects on YT-INDY proliferation and cytotoxicity. However, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate could not reverse the statin-induced inhibition of the cell cycle. Conclusions These results suggest that the statin drugs should be investigated as a potential therapeutic strategy for human natural killer cell leukemias possibly in combination with chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Timothy A Steele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Des Moines University, 3200 Grand Ave,, 50312 Des Moines, Iowa, USA.
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8
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Niche-based screening identifies small-molecule inhibitors of leukemia stem cells. Nat Chem Biol 2013; 9:840-848. [PMID: 24161946 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to develop more effective therapies for acute leukemia may benefit from high-throughput screening systems that reflect the complex physiology of the disease, including leukemia stem cells (LSCs) and supportive interactions with the bone marrow microenvironment. The therapeutic targeting of LSCs is challenging because LSCs are highly similar to normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and are protected by stromal cells in vivo. We screened 14,718 compounds in a leukemia-stroma co-culture system for inhibition of cobblestone formation, a cellular behavior associated with stem-cell function. Among those compounds that inhibited malignant cells but spared HSPCs was the cholesterol-lowering drug lovastatin. Lovastatin showed anti-LSC activity in vitro and in an in vivo bone marrow transplantation model. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the effect was on target, via inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase. These results illustrate the power of merging physiologically relevant models with high-throughput screening.
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Garamszegi N, Garamszegi SP, Scully SP. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 contribution to sarcoma cell invasion. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:1331-41. [PMID: 21801306 PMCID: PMC3823085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) activity has been linked to numerous disease processes from arthritis to ulcer. Its proteolytic activity has been implicated inconsistently in different steps of tumourigenesis and metastasis. The discrepancies may be attributable to our limited understanding of MMP-1 production, cellular trafficking, secretion and local activation. Specifically, regulation of MMP-1 directional delivery versus its general extracellular matrix secretion is largely unknown. Inhibition of prenylation by farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI-276) decreased extracellular MMP-1 and subsequently reduced invasiveness by 30%. Parallel, stable cell line RNAi knockdown of MMP-1 confirmed its role in cellular invasiveness. The prenylation agonist farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) partially normalized FTI-276 inhibited extracellular MMP-1 levels and invasion capacity while transiently delayed its cellular podia distribution. MMP-1 directional delivery to these structures were confirmed by combination of a MMP-1–specific fluorogenic substrate, a MMP1-Ds-Red fusion protein construct expression and DQ-collagen degradation, which demonstrated coupling of directional delivery and activation. MetaMorph analysis of cellular lamellipodia structures indicated that FTI-276 inhibited formation and delivery to these structures. Farnesyl pyrophosphate partially restored lamellipodia area but not MMP-1 delivery under the time frame investigated. These results indicate that MMP-1 directional delivery to podia structures is involved in the invasive activity of sarcoma cells, and this process is prenylation sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandor Garamszegi
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory of Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA.
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Ren S, Chen Q, Ding N, Zhang W, Li Y, Guo Y. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Analogs of Methyl Ursolate 3-O-β-Chacotrioside as H5N1 Viral Entry Inhibitors. J Carbohydr Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2012.687060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang Y, Ostlund C, Worman HJ. Blocking protein farnesylation improves nuclear shape abnormalities in keratinocytes of mice expressing the prelamin A variant in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Nucleus 2012; 1:432-9. [PMID: 21326826 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.1.5.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an accelerated aging disorder caused by mutations in LMNA leading to expression of a truncated prelamin A variant termed progerin. Whereas a farnesylated polypeptide is normally removed from the carboxyl-terminus of prelamin A during endoproteolytic processing to lamin A, progerin lacks the cleavage site and remains farnesylated. Cultured cells from human subjects with HGPS and genetically modified mice expressing progerin have nuclear morphological abnormalities, which are reversed by inhibitors of protein farnesylation. In addition, treatment with protein farnesyltransferase inhibitors improves whole animal phenotypes in mouse models of HGPS. However, improvement in nuclear morphology in tissues after treatment of animals has not been demonstrated. We therefore treated transgenic mice that express progerin in epidermis with the protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor FTI-276 or a combination of pravastatin and zoledronate to determine if they reversed nuclear morphological abnormalities in tissue. Immunofluorescence microscopy and "blinded" electron microscopic analysis demonstrated that systemic administration of FTI-276 or pravastatin plus zoledronate significantly improved nuclear morphological abnormalities in keratinocytes of transgenic mice. These results show that pharmacological blockade of protein prenylation reverses nuclear morphological abnormalities that occur in HGPS in vivo. They further suggest that skin biopsy may be useful to determine if protein farnesylation inhibitors are exerting effects in subjects with HGPS in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexia Wang
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Tsubaki M, Yamazoe Y, Yanae M, Satou T, Itoh T, Kaneko J, Kidera Y, Moriyama K, Nishida S. Blockade of the Ras/MEK/ERK and Ras/PI3K/Akt pathways by statins reduces the expression of bFGF, HGF, and TGF-β as angiogenic factors in mouse osteosarcoma. Cytokine 2011; 54:100-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Lau CPY, Huang L, Tsui SKW, Ng PKS, Leung PY, Kumta SM. Pamidronate, farnesyl transferase, and geranylgeranyl transferase-I inhibitors affects cell proliferation, apoptosis, and OPG/RANKL mRNA expression in stromal cells of giant cell tumor of bone. J Orthop Res 2011; 29:403-13. [PMID: 20886653 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Giant cell tumor (GCT) is the most common nonmalignant primary bone tumor reported in Hong Kong. It usually affects young adults between the ages of 20 and 40. This tumor is well known for its potential to recur following treatment. To date no effective adjuvant therapy exists for GCT. Our project aimed to study the effects of pamidronate (PAM), farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI-277), geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor (GGTI-298), and their combinations on GCT stromal cells (SC). Individual treatment with PAM, FTI-277, and GGTI-298, inhibited the cell viability and proliferation of GCT SC in a dose-dependent way. Combination of FTI-277 with GGTI-298 caused synergistic effects in reducing cell viability, and its combination index was 0.49, indicating a strong synergism. Moreover, the combination of FTI-277 with GGTI-298 synergistically enhanced cell apoptosis and activated caspase-3/7, -8, and -9 activities. PAM induced cell-cycle arrest at the S-phase. The combination of PAM with GGTI-298 significantly increased OPG/RANKL mRNA ratio and activated caspase-3/7 activity. Our findings support that the combination of bisphosphonates with GGTIs or FTIs with GGTIs may be used as potential adjuvants in the treatment of GCT of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol P Y Lau
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 74034 5/F, Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Lodewyk MW, Lui VG, Tantillo DJ. Synthesis of (sulfonyl)methylphosphonate analogs of prenyl diphosphates. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.10.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Kassimatis TI, Konstantinopoulos PA. The role of statins in chronic kidney disease (CKD): Friend or foe? Pharmacol Ther 2009; 122:312-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Varela I, Pereira S, Ugalde AP, Navarro CL, Suárez MF, Cau P, Cadiñanos J, Osorio FG, Foray N, Cobo J, de Carlos F, Lévy N, Freije JMP, López-Otín C. Combined treatment with statins and aminobisphosphonates extends longevity in a mouse model of human premature aging. Nat Med 2008; 14:767-72. [PMID: 18587406 DOI: 10.1038/nm1786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Several human progerias, including Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), are caused by the accumulation at the nuclear envelope of farnesylated forms of truncated prelamin A, a protein that is also altered during normal aging. Previous studies in cells from individuals with HGPS have shown that farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) improve nuclear abnormalities associated with prelamin A accumulation, suggesting that these compounds could represent a therapeutic approach for this devastating progeroid syndrome. We show herein that both prelamin A and its truncated form progerin/LADelta50 undergo alternative prenylation by geranylgeranyltransferase in the setting of farnesyltransferase inhibition, which could explain the low efficiency of FTIs in ameliorating the phenotypes of progeroid mouse models. We also show that a combination of statins and aminobisphosphonates efficiently inhibits both farnesylation and geranylgeranylation of progerin and prelamin A and markedly improves the aging-like phenotypes of mice deficient in the metalloproteinase Zmpste24, including growth retardation, loss of weight, lipodystrophy, hair loss and bone defects. Likewise, the longevity of these mice is substantially extended. These findings open a new therapeutic approach for human progeroid syndromes associated with nuclear-envelope abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Varela
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, calle Fernando, Bongera s/n, 33006-Oviedo, Spain
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Synthesis and evaluation of 3- and 7-substituted geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1889-92. [PMID: 18321704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein prenyl transferases have been a focus of anti-cancer drug discovery in recent years due to their roles in post-translational modification of small GTP binding proteins. Attention is now turning to the development of GGTase I inhibitors. Here, we present the synthesis and biological evaluation of four GGPP analogs versus mammalian GGTase I and the discovery that 7-allyl GGPP is a surprisingly efficient GGTase I substrate.
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Sonnemann J, Bumbul B, Beck JF. Synergistic activity of the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid against prostate cancer cells in vitro. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:2976-84. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Clark MK, Scott SA, Wojtkowiak J, Chirco R, Mathieu P, Reiners JJ, Mattingly RR, Borch RF, Gibbs RA. Synthesis, biochemical, and cellular evaluation of farnesyl monophosphate prodrugs as farnesyltransferase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3274-82. [PMID: 17555307 DOI: 10.1021/jm0701829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Certain farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) analogs are potent inhibitors of the potential anticancer drug target protein farnesyltransferase (FTase), but these compounds are not suitable as drug candidates. Thus, phosphoramidate prodrug derivatives of the monophosphate precursors of FPP-based FTase inhibitors have been synthesized. The monophosphates themselves were significantly more potent inhibitors of FTase than the corresponding FPP analogs. The effects of the prodrug 5b (a derivative of 3-allylfarnesyl monophosphate) have been evaluated on prenylation of RhoB and on the cell cycle in a human malignant schwannoma cell line (STS-26T). In combination treatments, 1-3 microM 5b plus 1 microM lovastatin induced a significant inhibition of RhoB prenylation, and a combination of these drugs at 1 microM each also resulted in significant cell cycle arrest in G1. Indeed, combinations as low as 50 nM lovastatin + 1 microM 5c or 250 nM lovastatin + 50 nM 5c were highly cytostatic in STS-26T cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K Clark
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Konstantinopoulos PA, Karamouzis MV, Papavassiliou AG. Focus on acetylation: the role of histone deacetylase inhibitors in cancer therapy and beyond. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 16:569-71. [PMID: 17461732 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.16.5.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Reversal of tumorigenic epigenetic alterations is an exciting strategy for anticancer drug development. Pharmacologic inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) induces differentiation, proliferation arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells. In addition to their effects on histones, HDAC inhibitors increase the acetylation level of several non-histone proteins, such as transcription factors, cytoskeletal proteins and molecular chaperones, which are crucial in tumorigenesis. Most importantly, the therapeutic potential of HDAC inhibitors goes well beyond carcinogenesis and may include neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorders. This editorial discusses the implication of HDACs in carcinogenesis, the molecular basis of the selectivity of HDAC inhibitors and their possible therapeutic role in non-malignant pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis A Konstantinopoulos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, GR-11527 Goudi-Athens, Greece
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