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Duraisamy SK, Srinivasan A, Sundar IK. House dust mite and Th2 cytokine-mediated epithelial barrier dysfunction attenuation by KL001 in 16-HBE cells. Tissue Barriers 2024; 12:2203841. [PMID: 37079442 PMCID: PMC10832928 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2203841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
House dust mite (HDM) is a common aeroallergen that can disrupt the airway epithelial barrier leading to dysregulated immune response, resulting in allergic lung diseases such as asthma. Cryptochrome (CRY), a circadian clock gene, plays an important role in the regulation of metabolism, and immune response. It remains unclear whether stabilizing CRY using KL001 can attenuate HDM/Th2 cytokine-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction in 16-HBE cells. We evaluate the effect of KL001 (20 µM) pre-treatment (4 hrs) in HDM/Th2 cytokine (IL-4 or IL-13)-mediated change in epithelial barrier function. HDM and Th2 cytokine-induced changes in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) were determined by an xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer and delocalization of adherens junction complex (AJC: E-cadherin and β-catenin) and tight junction proteins (TJP: Occludin and Zonula occludens-1) by immunostaining and confocal microscopy. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to measure altered gene expression and protein abundance of the epithelial barrier function and core clock genes, respectively. HDM and Th2 cytokine treatment significantly decreased TEER associated with altered gene expression and protein abundance of the selected epithelial barrier function and circadian clock genes. However, pre-treatment with KL001 attenuated HDM and Th2 cytokine-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction as early as 12-24 hrs. KL001 pre-treatment showed attenuation of HDM and Th2 cytokine-induced alteration in the localization and gene expression of AJP and TJP (Cdh1, Ocln, and Zo1) and core clock genes (Clock, Arntl/Bmal1, Cry1/2, Per1/2, Nr1d1/Rev-erbα, and Nfil3). We demonstrate, for the first time, the protective role of KL001 in HDM and Th2 cytokine-mediated epithelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kumar Duraisamy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ashokkumar Srinivasan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Srinivasan A, Giri A, Duraisamy SK, Alsup A, Castro M, Sundar IK. Chronic HDM exposure shows time-of-day and sex-based differences in inflammatory response associated with lung circadian clock disruption. iScience 2023; 26:107580. [PMID: 37664635 PMCID: PMC10470299 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms and sex differences are involved in the pathophysiology of asthma. Yet, there are no reports that simultaneously address the role of the circadian clock and sex-based differences in chronic house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma. Here, we sought to determine if chronic HDM exposure during the resting phase (zeitgeber time: ZT0/6:00 a.m.) versus the active phase (ZT12/6:00 p.m.) differentially affects the circadian clock and alters asthma pathobiology in female and male mice. HDM exposure at ZT12 exaggerated infiltration of eosinophil subtypes and associated chemokines in females compared to males. Furthermore, HDM exposure augmented eosinophil chemokines, Th2 gene expression and cytokine release, and humoral immune response in females compared to males at ZT12. Concurrently, histopathological evaluation confirmed increased airway inflammation at ZT12 in both females and males. Overall, we showed a time-of-day response and sex-based differences in HDM-induced exaggerated asthmatic phenotypes (inflammation/remodeling) and circadian clock disruption in females compared to males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashokkumar Srinivasan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Allan Giri
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Santhosh Kumar Duraisamy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Alexander Alsup
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Prasad C, Hahn K, Duraisamy SK, Salathe MA, Huang SK, Burris TP, Sundar IK. Rev-erbα agonists suppresses TGFβ1-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and pro-fibrotic phenotype in human lung fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 669:120-127. [PMID: 37269594 PMCID: PMC11034855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by excessive scarring of the lungs that can lead to respiratory failure and death. Lungs of patients with IPF demonstrate excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and an increased presence of pro-fibrotic mediators such as transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1), which is a major driver of fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT). Current literature supports that circadian clock dysfunction plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of various chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and IPF. The circadian clock transcription factor Rev-erbα is encoded by Nr1d1 that regulates daily rhythms of gene expression linked to immunity, inflammation, and metabolism. However, investigations into the potential roles of Rev-erbα in TGFβ-induced FMT and ECM accumulation are limited. In this study, we utilized several novel small molecule Rev-erbα agonists (GSK41122, SR9009, and SR9011) and a Rev-erbα antagonist (SR8278) to determine the roles of Rev-erbα in regulating TGFβ1-induced FMT and pro-fibrotic phenotypes in human lung fibroblasts. WI-38 cells were either pre-treated/co-treated with or without Rev-erbα agonist/antagonist along with TGFβ1. After 48 h, the following parameters were evaluated: secretion of COL1A1 (Slot-Blot analysis) and IL-6 (ELISA) into condition media, expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA: immunostaining and confocal microscopy), and pro-fibrotic proteins (αSMA and COL1A1 by immunoblotting), as well as gene expression of pro-fibrotic targets (qRT-PCR: Acta2, Fn1, and Col1a1). Results revealed that Rev-erbα agonists inhibited TGFβ1-induced FMT (αSMA and COL1A1), and ECM production (reduced gene expression of Acta2, Fn1, and Col1a1), and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 release. The Rev-erbα antagonist promoted TGFβ1-induced pro-fibrotic phenotypes. These findings support the potential of novel circadian clock-based therapeutics, such as Rev-erbα agonist, for the treatment and management of fibrotic lung diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar Prasad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kameron Hahn
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar Duraisamy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Matthias A Salathe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Steven K Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas P Burris
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Stewart NH, Sundar IK. Is BMAL1 Just One Song Impacting the Circadian Dance of Lung Injury? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:1642. [PMID: 36731052 PMCID: PMC10273116 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202212-2311le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy H Stewart
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Prasad C, Sundar IK. Regulating the Clock: REV-ERB Agonists as Promising Therapeutic Agents. GEN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 2:95-97. [PMID: 37928778 PMCID: PMC10623616 DOI: 10.1089/genbio.2023.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar Prasad
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Circadian clock molecule REV-ERBα regulates lung fibrotic progression through collagen stabilization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1295. [PMID: 36894533 PMCID: PMC9996598 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular clock REV-ERBα is central to regulating lung injuries, and decreased REV-ERBα abundance mediates sensitivity to pro-fibrotic insults and exacerbates fibrotic progression. In this study, we determine the role of REV-ERBα in fibrogenesis induced by bleomycin and Influenza A virus (IAV). Bleomycin exposure decreases the abundance of REV-ERBα, and mice dosed with bleomycin at night display exacerbated lung fibrogenesis. Rev-erbα agonist (SR9009) treatment prevents bleomycin induced collagen overexpression in mice. Rev-erbα global heterozygous (Rev-erbα Het) mice infected with IAV showed augmented levels of collagens and lysyl oxidases compared with WT-infected mice. Furthermore, Rev-erbα agonist (GSK4112) prevents collagen and lysyl oxidase overexpression induced by TGFβ in human lung fibroblasts, whereas the Rev-erbα antagonist exacerbates it. Overall, these results indicate that loss of REV-ERBα exacerbates the fibrotic responses by promoting collagen and lysyl oxidase expression, whereas Rev-erbα agonist prevents it. This study provides the potential of Rev-erbα agonists in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Hahn K, Sundar IK. Current Perspective on the Role of the Circadian Clock and Extracellular Matrix in Chronic Lung Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2455. [PMID: 36767821 PMCID: PMC9915635 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a biochemical oscillator that rhythmically regulates physiological and behavioral processes such as inflammation, immunity, and metabolism in mammals. Circadian clock disruption is a key driver for chronic inflammatory as well as fibrotic lung diseases. While the mechanism of circadian clock regulation in the lung has been minimally explored, some evidence suggests that the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway and subsequent extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in the lung may be controlled via a clock-dependent mechanism. Recent advancements in this area led us to believe that pharmacologically targeting the circadian clock molecules may be a novel therapeutic approach for treating chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Here, we update the current perspective on the circadian clock role in TGFβ1 signaling and extracellular matrix production during chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameron Hahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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