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Liu X, Sun K, Jin X, Wu X, Xia M, Sun Y, Feng L, Li G, Wan X, Chen C. Review on active components and mechanism of natural product polysaccharides against gastric carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27218. [PMID: 38449642 PMCID: PMC10915412 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the malignant tumors with a high occurrence rate worldwide is gastric carcinoma, which is an epithelial malignant tumor emerging from the stomach. Natural product polysaccharides are a kind of natural macromolecular polymers, which have the functions of regulating immunity, anti-oxidation, anti-fatigue, hypoglycemia, etc. Natural polysaccharides have remarkable effectiveness in preventing the onset, according to studies, and development of gastric cancer at both cellular and animal levels. This paper summarizes the inhibitory mechanisms and therapeutic significance of plant polysaccharides, fungi polysaccharides, and algal polysaccharides in natural product polysaccharides on the occurrence and development of gastric cancer in recent years, providing a theoretical basis for the research, development, and medicinal value of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinze Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Kaijing Sun
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinmin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingjie Xia
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Guangzhe Li
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xilin Wan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Changbao Chen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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2
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Cui FJ, Yang YM, Sun L, Zan XY, Sun WJ, Zeb U. Grifola frondosa polysaccharides: A review on structure/activity, biosynthesis and engineering strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128584. [PMID: 38056754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are the main polymers in edible fungi Grifola frondosa, playing a crucial role in the physiology and representing the healthy benefits for humans. Recent efforts have well elucidated the fine structures and biological functions of G. frondosa polysaccharides. The recently-rapid developments and increasing availability in fungal genomes also accelerated the better understanding of key genes and pathways involved in biosynthesis of G. frondosa polysaccharides. Herein, we provide a brief overview of G. frondosa polysaccharides and their activities, and comprehensively outline the complex process, genes and proteins corresponding to G. frondosa polysaccharide biosynthesis. The regulation strategies including strain improvement, process optimization and genetic engineering were also summarized for maximum production of G. frondosa polysaccharides. Some remaining unanswered questions in describing the fine synthesis machinery were also pointed out to open up new avenues for answering the structure-activity relationship and improving polysaccharide biosynthesis in G. frondosa. The review hopefully presents a reasonable full picture of activities, biosynthesis, and production regulation of polysaccharide in G. frondosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jie Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-production, Dexing 334221, PR China.
| | - Yu-Meng Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xin-Yi Zan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Wen-Jing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-production, Dexing 334221, PR China
| | - Umar Zeb
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
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3
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Song Y, Li S, Gong H, Yip RCS, Chen H. Biopharmaceutical applications of microbial polysaccharides as materials: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124259. [PMID: 37003381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological characteristics of natural polymers make microbial polysaccharides an excellent choice for biopharmaceuticals. Due to its easy purifying procedure and high production efficiency, it is capable of resolving the existing application issues associated with some plant and animal polysaccharides. Furthermore, microbial polysaccharides are recognized as prospective substitutes for these polysaccharides based on the search for eco-friendly chemicals. In this review, the microstructure and properties of microbial polysaccharides are utilized to highlight their characteristics and potential medical applications. From the standpoint of pathogenic processes, in-depth explanations are provided on the effects of microbial polysaccharides as active ingredients in the treatment of human diseases, anti-aging, and drug delivery. In addition, the scholarly developments and commercial applications of microbial polysaccharides as medical raw materials are also discussed. The conclusion is that understanding the use of microbial polysaccharides in biopharmaceuticals is essential for the future development of pharmacology and therapeutic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yige Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Shuxin Li
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Hao Gong
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Ryan Chak Sang Yip
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, PR China.
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4
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Zhao M, Yang Y, Nian Q, Shen C, Xiao X, Liao W, Zheng Q, Zhang G, Chen N, Gong D, Tang J, Wen Y, Zeng J. Phytochemicals and mitochondria: Therapeutic allies against gastric cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 110:154608. [PMID: 36586205 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are the energy factories of cells with the ability to modulate the cell cycle, cellular differentiation, signal transduction, growth, and apoptosis. Existing drugs targeting mitochondria in cancer treatment have disadvantages of drug resistance and side effects. Phytochemicals, which are widely found in plants, are bioactive compounds that could facilitate the development of new drugs for gastric cancer. Studies have shown that some phytochemicals can suppress the development of gastric cancer. METHODS We searched for data from PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, and Embase databases from initial establishment to December 2021 to review the mechanism by which phytochemicals suppress gastric cancer cell growth by modulating mitochondrial function. Phytochemicals were classified and summarized by their mechanisms of action. RESULTS Phytochemicals can interfere with mitochondria through several mechanisms to reach the goal of promoting apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Some phytochemicals, e.g., daidzein and tetrandrine promoted cytochrome c spillover into the cytoplasm by modulating the members of the B-cell lymphoma-2 protein family and induced apoptotic body activity by activating the caspase protein family. Phytochemicals (e.g., celastrol and shikonin) could promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential. Several phytochemicals (e.g., berberine and oleanolic acid) activated mitochondrial apoptotic submission via the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway, thereby triggering apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Several well-known phytochemicals that target mitochondria, including berberine, ginsenoside, and baicalein, showed the advantages of multiple targets, high efficacy, and fewer side effects. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemicals could target the mitochondria in the treatment of gastric cancer, providing potential directions and evidence for clinical translation. Drug discovery focused on phytochemicals has great potential to break barriers in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyuan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Qing Nian
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Caifei Shen
- Department of Endoscopy center, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Wenhao Liao
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Qiao Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Daoyin Gong
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
| | - Yueqiang Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China; Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
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Sharma VK, Liu X, Oyarzún DA, Abdel-Azeem AM, Atanasov AG, Hesham AEL, Barik SK, Gupta VK, Singh BN. Microbial polysaccharides: An emerging family of natural biomaterials for cancer therapy and diagnostics. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:706-731. [PMID: 34062265 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial polysaccharides (MPs) offer immense diversity in structural and functional properties. They are extensively used in advance biomedical science owing to their superior biodegradability, hemocompatibility, and capability to imitate the natural extracellular matrix microenvironment. Ease in tailoring, inherent bio-activity, distinct mucoadhesiveness, ability to absorb hydrophobic drugs, and plentiful availability of MPs make them prolific green biomaterials to overcome the significant constraints of cancer chemotherapeutics. Many studies have demonstrated their application to obstruct tumor development and extend survival through immune activation, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle arrest by MPs. Synoptic investigations of MPs are compulsory to decode applied basics in recent inclinations towards cancer regimens. The current review focuses on the anticancer properties of commercially available and newly explored MPs, and outlines their direct and indirect mode of action. The review also highlights cutting-edge MPs-based drug delivery systems to augment the specificity and efficiency of available chemotherapeutics, as well as their emerging role in theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Sharma
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Diego A Oyarzún
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Azeem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Abd El-Latif Hesham
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Saroj K Barik
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom.
| | - Brahma N Singh
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
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Zhao J, Liang K, Zhong H, Liu S, Sun P, He R. A cold-water polysaccharide-protein complex from Grifola frondosa exhibited antiproliferative activity via mitochondrial apoptotic and Fas/FasL pathways in HepG2 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:1021-1032. [PMID: 35863663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Grifola frondosa (G. frondosa) is widely known for its anti-tumor potential, which has been demonstrated by numerous scientific researches. In this study, two water soluble polysaccharide-protein complexes were extracted from G. frondosa at 4 °C (GFG-4) and 100 °C (GFG-100) and purified. Compared with GFG-100, GFG-4 had a higher protein content and molecular weight. The main monosaccharides of GFG-4 and GFG-100 were rhamnose, glucose, and galactose, with an approximate ratio of 3.00: 1.00: 0.86 and 2.85: 1.00: 0.94, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that the two polysaccharide-protein complexes displayed characteristic functional groups of polysaccharides and proteins, and mainly contain pyranose ring with α-glycosidic linkage. Atomic force microscope images showed that both GFG-4 and GFG-100 exhibited straight chains, and GFG-4 possessed a relatively abundant fraction of branched chains. Intriguingly, GFG-4 showed a stronger antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cells than GFG-100. The mechanisms were further investigated by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot, it found that GFG-4 inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells mainly through the intrinsic activation of mitochondrial pathway and the Fas/FasL-mediated Caspase-8/-3 pathway. Conclusively, G. frondosa cold-water extracted polysaccharide-protein complexes could be used as a functional food for preventing or treating hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Kaiyue Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Bioactives and Functional Foods Research Center, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shizhu Liu
- Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China
| | - Peilong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, China; Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China.
| | - Rongjun He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Bioactives and Functional Foods Research Center, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, China; Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China.
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Pathak MP, Pathak K, Saikia R, Gogoi U, Ahmad MZ, Patowary P, Das A. Immunomodulatory effect of mushrooms and their bioactive compounds in cancer: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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The β-1,3-glucan synthase gene GFGLS2 plays major roles in mycelial growth and polysaccharide synthesis in Grifola frondosa. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:563-578. [PMID: 34939133 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
β-1,3-Glucans are well-known biological and health-promoting compounds in edible fungi. Our previous results characterized a glucan synthase gene (GFGLS) of Grifola frondosa for the first time to understand its role in mycelial growth and glucan biosynthesis. In the present study, we identified and functionally reannotated another glucan synthase gene, GFGLS2, based on our previous results. GFGLS2 had a full sequence of 5944 bp including 11 introns and 12 exons and a coding information for 1713 amino acids of a lower molecular weight (195.2 kDa) protein with different conserved domain sites than GFGLS (5927 bp with also 11 introns and a coding information for 1781 aa). Three dual-promoter RNA-silencing vectors, pAN7-iGFGLS-dual, pAN7-iGFGLS2-dual, and pAN7-CiGFGLS-dual, were constructed to downregulate GFGLS, GFGLS2, and GFGLS/GFGLS2 expression by targeting their unique exon sequence or conserved functional sequences. Silencing GFGLS2 resulted in higher downregulation efficiency than silencing GFGLS. Cosilencing GFGLS and GFGLS2 had a synergistic downregulation effect, with slower mycelial growth and glucan production by G. frondosa. These findings indicated that GFGLS2 plays major roles in mycelial growth and polysaccharide synthesis and provides a reference to understand the biosynthesis pathway of mushroom polysaccharides. KEY POINTS: • The 5944-bp glucan synthase gene GFGLS2 of G. frondosa was cloned and reannotated • GFGLS2 showed identity and significant differences with the previously identified GFGLS • GFGLS2 played a major role in fermentation and glucan biosynthesis.
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9
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Zhao H, Wei X, Xie Y. Optimization of Extraction Technology, Structure, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharide from
Grifola frondosa. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hou‐kuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization Ministry of Education China University of Mining & Technology Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Xian‐yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization Ministry of Education China University of Mining & Technology Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Yi‐min Xie
- School of Pulp &Paper Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
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Liu C, Ji HY, Wu P, Yu J, Liu AJ. The preparation of a cold-water soluble polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa and its inhibitory effects on MKN-45 cells. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:413-422. [PMID: 32556780 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel water soluble polysaccharide (named GFP-4) was extracted from Grifola frondosa at 4 oC, and its preliminary structure and inhibitory effects on human gastric carcinoma MKN-45 cells through the Fas/FasL death receptor apoptosis pathway were investigated. High-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and ion chromatography (IC) results showed that GFP-4 was a 1.09 × 106 Da neutral hetero polysaccharide with pyranose rings, and α- and β-type glycosidic linkages that contained galactose, glucose, and mannose at a molar ratio of 1.00:3.45:1.19. MTT results indicated that GFP-4 significantly inhibited the proliferation of MKN-45 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The H&E staining and Hoechst 33342/PI double staining results showed that GFP-4-treated MKN-45 cells were subjected to underwent typical apoptotic morphologic changes such as nuclear pyknosis, chromatin condensation, and an increase of membrane permeability. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, cell cycle analysis, and western blot results revealed the GFP-4 induced MKN-45 cells apoptosis through the Fas/FasL-mediated death receptor pathway with cells arrested at the G0/G1 phase. These data indicate that GFP-4 is a promising candidate for treating gastric cancer and provide a theoretical basis for the future development and utilization of G. frondosa clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, 300457, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,QingYunTang Biotech (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, No. 14, Zhonghe Street, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Yu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, 300457, Tianjin, People's Republic of China. .,QingYunTang Biotech (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, No. 14, Zhonghe Street, 100176, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, 300457, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,QingYunTang Biotech (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, No. 14, Zhonghe Street, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, 300457, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,QingYunTang Biotech (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, No. 14, Zhonghe Street, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - An-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, 300457, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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11
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A hyaluronan-based polysaccharide peptide generated by a genetically modified Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Carbohydr Res 2019; 478:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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A cold-water soluble polysaccharide isolated from Grifola frondosa induces the apoptosis of HepG2 cells through mitochondrial passway. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:1232-1241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Mao GH, Zhang ZH, Fei F, Ding YY, Zhang WJ, Chen H, Ali SS, Zhao T, Feng WW, Wu XY, Yang LQ. Effect of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide on anti-tumor activity in combination with 5-Fu in Heps-bearing mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:930-935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Roca-Lema D, Martinez-Iglesias O, Fernández de Ana Portela C, Rodríguez-Blanco A, Valladares-Ayerbes M, Díaz-Díaz A, Casas-Pais A, Prego C, Figueroa A. In Vitro Anti-proliferative and Anti-invasive Effect of Polysaccharide-rich Extracts from Trametes Versicolor and Grifola Frondosa in Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:231-240. [PMID: 30745803 PMCID: PMC6367522 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.28811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of leading causes of mortality in western countries and novel treatment strategies are required. The medicinal application of mushrooms has been used in traditional medicine in many oriental countries. Polysaccharide-rich extracts obtained from certain medicinal mushroom species have shown antitumor effects in different experimental models. In the present study, we have developed polysaccharide-rich extracts from Trametes versicolor (TV) and Grifola frondosa (GF) fruit bodies. We aim to evaluate the anticancer effects of these polysaccharide-rich extracts in LoVo and HT-29 human colon cancer cells. The in vitro effects were determined by cytotoxicity assay, proliferation assay, wound healing assay and invasion assay. Moreover, the effect on anchorage independent-cell growth was also determined. Our results showed that TV and GF extracts did inhibit human colon cell proliferation and induce cytotoxicity. Furthermore, both fungal extracts significantly inhibited oncogenic potential, cell migration and invasion in colon cancer cells. In addition, extracts induce a more epithelial phenotype, observed by phase contrast images, together with an increase expression of the E-cadherin epithelial marker, detected by western-blotting analyses. Moreover, by using gelatin zymography assays, it was detected a decrease of MMP-2 enzyme activity, a crucial metalloproteinase important for the degradation of the extracellular matrix. Finally, the combination of the extracts with one the most clinical used agents for colorectal cancer, 5-fluorouracil, increases cell cytotoxicity. Taken together our results underscore a potential antitumor effect of polysaccharide-rich extracts obtained from TV and GF in human colon cancer cells lines. These finding may contribute to the reported health effects of fungal extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Roca-Lema
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas. Universidade da Coruña (UDC)
| | - Olaia Martinez-Iglesias
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas. Universidade da Coruña (UDC)
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Díaz-Díaz
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas. Universidade da Coruña (UDC)
| | - Alba Casas-Pais
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas. Universidade da Coruña (UDC)
| | | | - Angélica Figueroa
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas. Universidade da Coruña (UDC)
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15
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Purification and structural elucidation of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of the Grifola frondosa. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:221-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bao H, Ran P, Sun L, Hu W, Li H, Xiao C, Zhu K, Du J. Griflola frondosa (GF) produces significant antidepressant effects involving AMPA receptor activation in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:299-305. [PMID: 27937670 PMCID: PMC6130584 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1235590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Griflola frondosa (Fr) S.F. Gray (Meripilaceae) (GF) is a medical mushroom, and its regulation of the immune system is of interest for the treatment of mood disorders. α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors are the central mediator for the treatment of depression. OBJECTIVE This study examines the antidepressant effects of GF and the role of AMPA in these antidepressant effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CD-1 mice were fed with GF- or Pleurotus ostreatus [(Jacq.: Fr) Kumm (Pleurotaceae)] (PO)-containing food for 1 day or 5 days. The antidepressant effects was determined in the tail suspension test (TST), forced swim test (FST), and open field test (OFT). The involvement of AMPA receptors was determined by the application of the AMPA-specific blocker GYKI 52466. RESULTS Treatments with 20%, 33% or 50% of GF-containing food significantly decreased the immobility time (63.6, 56.9, and 52.0% in TST; and 50.8, 43.2, and 38.2% in FST) after 1 day and (62.3, 51.8, and 52.8% in TST; and 49.5, 45.1, and 40.3% in FST) after 5 days. GF-containing food did not cause hyperactive effects in the OFT. The antidepressant effects of the 33% of GF-containing food (down-to 51.3% in 1-day TST and 46.8% in 5-day FST) were significantly stronger than that of the 33% of PO-containing food (down-to 85.5% in 1-day TST and 82.0% in 5-day FST). AMPA-specific blocker GYKI 52466 was able to block the antidepressant effects of the GF-containing food. CONCLUSION GF demonstrated the potential as a safe medical food supplement for the patient with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Bao
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Pengzhan Ran
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Weihong Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunjie Xiao
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Keming Zhu
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Du
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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17
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He X, Wang X, Fang J, Chang Y, Ning N, Guo H, Huang L, Huang X, Zhao Z. Polysaccharides in Grifola frondosa mushroom and their health promoting properties: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 101:910-921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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18
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Zhang Y, Sun D, Meng Q, Guo W, Chen Q, Zhang Y. Grifola frondosa polysaccharides induce breast cancer cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1089-1095. [PMID: 28765878 PMCID: PMC5593468 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Grifola frondosa, a type of food and medical fungus, has been shown to exhibit various pharmacological activities, including anticancer effects. As the most typical cancer diagnosed among female patients, breast cancer remains a huge concern threatening human health globally. In the present study, the anti-breast cancer effects of Grifola frondosa polysaccharides (GFPs) and the underlying mechanisms were investigated in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, as well as in nude mice bearing MCF-7 tumor xenografts. GFPs exerted cytotoxic effects on the cells, as indicated by a decrease in cell viability, and an increase in the apoptototic rate, lactate dehydrogenase release and reactive oxygen species accumulation, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. The increased expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-8, and the reduced levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-extra large (Bcl-xL) were observed in the cells incubated with GFPs and in the tumor tissues of the mice treated with GFPs. Moreover, the GFPs significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of AKT/glycogen synthase kinase-3β and extracellular signal-regulated kinases in a time-dependent manner. Finally, the inhibition of MCF-7 tumor xenograft growth further confirmed the anti-breast cancer effects of GFPs. All these findings revealed that GFPs induced human breast cancer cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway, and provide experimental evidence to support the use of Grifola frondosa as a potential treatment for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute for Regeneration Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Qingjin Meng
- Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital of Jilin Province, Siping, Jilin 136000, P.R. China
| | - Wanxu Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhui Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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Cui F, Zan X, Li Y, Sun W, Yang Y, Ping L. Grifola frondosa Glycoprotein GFG-3a Arrests S phase, Alters Proteome, and Induces Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:267-79. [PMID: 27040446 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1134599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
GFG-3a is a novel glycoprotein previously purified from the fermented mycelia of Grifola frondosa with novel sugar compositions and protein sequencing. The present study aims to investigate its effects on the cell cycle, differential proteins expression, and apoptosis of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Our findings revealed that GFG-3a induced the cell apoptosis and arrested cell cycle at S phase. GFG-3a treatment resulted in the differential expression of 21 proteins in SGC-7901 cells by upregulating 10 proteins including RBBP4 associated with cell cycle arrest and downregulating 11 proteins including RUVBL1, NPM, HSP90AB1, and GRP78 involved in apoptosis and stress response. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis also suggested that GFG-3a could increase the expressions of Caspase-8/-3, p53, Bax, and Bad while decrease the expressions of Bcl2, Bcl-xl, PI3K, and Akt1. These results indicated that the stress response, p53-dependent mitochondrial-mediated, Caspase-8/-3-dependent, and PI3k/Akt pathways were involved in the GFG-3a-induced apoptosis process in SGC-7901 cells. These findings might provide a basis to prevent or treat human gastric cancer with GFG-3a and understand the tumor-inhibitory molecular mechanisms of mushroom glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Cui
- a School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China.,b Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-production , Dexing , China
| | - Xinyi Zan
- a School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China
| | - Yunhong Li
- a School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- a School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China.,b Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-production , Dexing , China
| | - Yan Yang
- c National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Lifeng Ping
- d State Key Lab Breeding Base for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Key Lab for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou , China.,e School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology , Hangzhou , China
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20
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Zhao F, Wang YF, Song L, Jin JX, Zhang YQ, Gan HY, Yang KH. Synergistic Apoptotic Effect of D-Fraction From Grifola frondosa and Vitamin C on Hepatocellular Carcinoma SMMC-7721 Cells. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 16:205-214. [PMID: 27151580 PMCID: PMC5739120 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416644674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effect of a combination of D-fraction polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa (DFP) and vitamin C (VC) on hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro. DFP is a bioactive extract from the maitake mushroom. Anticancer activity was demonstrated using various concentrations of DFP alone or in combination with VC against the human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cell line. To investigate the anticancer mechanism, studies designed to detect cell apoptosis were conducted. Results from the MTT assay indicated that a combination of DFP (0.2 mg/mL) and VC (0.3 mmol/L) led to a 70% reduction in cell viability. Flow cytometry results indicated that DFP/VC treatment induced apoptosis in approximately 65% SMMC-7721 cells. Cell cycle analysis identified cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase following DFP/VC treatment for 48 hours. In addition, cellular morphological changes were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Western blot analysis revealed that the upregulation of BAX, downregulation of Bcl-2, activation of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP), and the release of cytochrome c were observed in cells treated with the combination of DFP/VC, which showed that the mechanism of anticancer activity in the SMMC-7721 hepatocarcinoma cells involved induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- 1 Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,2 School of Medicine, Northwest University of Nationalities, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,3 Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Feng Wang
- 4 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Song
- 2 School of Medicine, Northwest University of Nationalities, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xin Jin
- 5 Lanzhou University Second Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qing Zhang
- 2 School of Medicine, Northwest University of Nationalities, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yun Gan
- 2 School of Medicine, Northwest University of Nationalities, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Hu Yang
- 1 Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,3 Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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21
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Wang L, Li Y, Zhu L, Yin R, Wang R, Luo X, Li Y, Li Y, Chen Z. Antitumor activities and immunomodulatory of rice bran polysaccharides and its sulfates in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:424-32. [PMID: 27064087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides purified from rice bran show antitumor activity against tumor cells, yet the mechanism of this action remains poorly understood. To address this issue, our study evaluated the effect of rice bran polysaccharides on mouse melanoma cell line B16, and Raw264.7 macrophages. Rice bran polysaccharides (RBP) failed to inhibit B16 cell growth in vitro. However, Raw264.7 macrophages treated by RBP enhancement of cytotoxic effects. The cytotoxicity was confirmed by the stimulation of nitric oxide (NO) production and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion on Raw264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. RBP2, a fraction of RBP, notably enhanced the inhibition of B16 cells and boosted the immunepotentiation effect compared with RBP. To further enhance the inhibition of B16 cell growth, sulfated polysaccharides (SRBP) was derived using the chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. SRBP2 was found to suppress B16 cell growth, reduce B16 cell survival and stimulate NO and TNF-α production. However, SRBP2 displayed a cytotoxic effect on Raw264.7 macrophages. These results suggest that the antitumor activity of RBP and RBP2 is mediated mainly through the activation of macrophages. SRBP2 exerts its antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis in tumor cells and the secretion of NO and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food safety and quality control, Jiangsu province, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122,Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yulin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, 11 Cihu Road, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Lidan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food safety and quality control, Jiangsu province, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122,Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14085, NY, United States
| | - Ren Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food safety and quality control, Jiangsu province, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122,Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food safety and quality control, Jiangsu province, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122,Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongfu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food safety and quality control, Jiangsu province, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122,Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food safety and quality control, Jiangsu province, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122,Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengxing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food safety and quality control, Jiangsu province, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122,Jiangsu, China
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22
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Control of Grifola frondosa Morphology by Agitation and Aeration for Improving Mycelia and Exo-Polymer Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:459-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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Zhang Q, Lv X, Wu T, Ma Q, Teng A, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Composition of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides and their apoptosis-inducing effect on human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells. Food Nutr Res 2015; 59:28696. [PMID: 26563650 PMCID: PMC4643179 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v59.28696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is a natural functional component that has a variety of biological activities. The molecular structures and apoptosis-inducing activities on human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells of two LBP fractions, LBP-d and LBP-e, were investigated. Results The results showed that LBP-d and LBP-e both consist of protein, uronic acid, and neutral sugars in different proportions. The structure of LBP was characterized by gas chromatography, periodate oxidation, and Smith degradation. LBP-d was composed of eight kinds of monosaccharides (fucose, ribose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose), while LBP-e was composed of six kinds of monosaccharides (fucose, rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, and glucose). LBP-d and LBP-e blocked SMMC-7721 cells at the G0/G1 and S phases with an inhibition ratio of 26.70 and 45.13%, respectively, and enhanced the concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm of SMMC-7721. Conclusion The contents of protein, uronic acid, and galactose in LBP-e were much higher than those in LBP-d, which might responsible for their different bioactivities. The results showed that LBP can be provided as a potential chemotherapeutic agent drug to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biological and Food Engineering, Tianshi College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoling Lv
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Anguo Teng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China;
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Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide-protein HEG-5 inhibits SGC-7901 cell growth via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 76:242-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Tissue invasion and metastasis: Molecular, biological and clinical perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S244-S275. [PMID: 25865774 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a key health issue across the world, causing substantial patient morbidity and mortality. Patient prognosis is tightly linked with metastatic dissemination of the disease to distant sites, with metastatic diseases accounting for a vast percentage of cancer patient mortality. While advances in this area have been made, the process of cancer metastasis and the factors governing cancer spread and establishment at secondary locations is still poorly understood. The current article summarizes recent progress in this area of research, both in the understanding of the underlying biological processes and in the therapeutic strategies for the management of metastasis. This review lists the disruption of E-cadherin and tight junctions, key signaling pathways, including urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene (PI3K/AKT), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), β-catenin/zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB-1) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), together with inactivation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity as key targets and the use of phytochemicals, or natural products, such as those from Agaricus blazei, Albatrellus confluens, Cordyceps militaris, Ganoderma lucidum, Poria cocos and Silybum marianum, together with diet derived fatty acids gamma linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and inhibitory compounds as useful approaches to target tissue invasion and metastasis as well as other hallmark areas of cancer. Together, these strategies could represent new, inexpensive, low toxicity strategies to aid in the management of cancer metastasis as well as having holistic effects against other cancer hallmarks.
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26
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Tsai CH, Yen YH, Yang JPW. Finding of polysaccharide-peptide complexes in Cordyceps militaris and evaluation of its acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:63-70. [PMID: 28911447 PMCID: PMC9351749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition enhances learning and cognitive ability for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Polysaccharide–peptide complexes were identified in Cordyceps militaris (CPSPs) and characterized for their AChE inhibitory properties. Three polymers (CPSP-F1, -F2, and -F3) were extracted and separated by ultrasound-assisted extraction and dieth-ylaminoethanol (DEAE)–Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. Polysaccharide–peptide complexes were identified by DEAE–Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography and high-performance gel-filtration chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectra, amino sugar composition analysis, and β-elimination reaction to identify polysaccharide–peptide bond categories. Separation of CPSP can increase AChE inhibitory activity from the crude poly-saccharide of C. militaris. CPSP-F1 and CPSP-F2 exhibited half maximal inhibitory concentrations of 32.2 ± 0.2 mg/mL and 5.3 ± 0.0 mg/mL. Thus, we identified polysaccharide–peptide complexes from C. militaris and suggest CPSP has great potential in AChE inhibition bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Tsai
- Department of Bioindustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Dacun Township, Changhun County 51591, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Horng Yen
- Department of Bioindustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Dacun Township, Changhun County 51591, Taiwan
| | - John Po-Wen Yang
- Department of Bioindustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Dacun Township, Changhun County 51591, Taiwan.
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Kim YS, Kim BH, Kim GS, Jang JS, Kim SY, Choi BD, Kim JO, Ha YL. Anti-carcinogenic actions of glycoprotein conjugated with isoflavones from submerged-liquid culture of Agaricus blazei mycelia through reciprocal expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins. J Biomed Res 2014. [DOI: 10.12729/jbr.2014.15.4.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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28
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Induction of Apoptosis in Human Lung Carcinoma A549 Epithelial Cells with an Ethanol Extract ofTremella mesenterica. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 72:1283-9. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Cui F, Zan X, Li Y, Yang Y, Sun W, Zhou Q, Yu S, Dong Y. Purification and partial characterization of a novel anti-tumor glycoprotein from cultured mycelia of Grifola frondosa. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62:684-690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Chen Y, Hu M, Wang C, Yang Y, Chen J, Ding J, Guo W. Characterization and in vitro antitumor activity of polysaccharides from the mycelium of Sarcodon aspratus. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 52:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hu M, Chen Y, Wang C, Cui H, Duan P, Zhai T, Yang Y, Li S. Induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells by polysaccharide MEP-II from the fermentation broth of Morchella esculenta. Biotechnol Lett 2012; 35:1-10. [PMID: 22798042 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-0917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel polysaccharide, MEP-II, isolated from the fermentation broth of Morchella esculenta inhibited the proliferation of human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) through an apoptotic pathway. After HepG2 cells were treated with 150-600 μg MEP-II/ml, typical apoptotic characteristics including externalization of phosphatidylserine residues on the cell surface, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation and cytoplasm shrinkage were observed. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) also occurred in HepG2 cells after incubation of 150-600 μg MEP-II/ml. The antioxidant, 1 mM N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibited MEP-II-induced apoptosis, suggesting that ROS are the key mediators for MEP-II-induced apoptosis. MEP-II is therefore a potential anti-tumor agent that induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells through ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Hu
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Benarba B, Meddah B, Aoues A. Bryonia dioica aqueous extract induces apoptosis through mitochondrial intrinsic pathway in BL41 Burkitt's lymphoma cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:510-516. [PMID: 22465729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bryonia dioica Jacq. is a climbing perennial herb with tuberous roots which is widely used in traditional medicine in Algeria for the treatment of cancers; it belongs to the genus Bryonia (Cucurbitaceae). AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the cytotoxic and apoptogenic activities, the phytochemical composition and acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of Bryonia dioica roots growing in Algeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried roots of Bryonia dioica were extracted with water (decoction). The cytotoxic effects of the aqueous extract in the Burkitt's lymphoma BL41 cell lines were evaluated by flow cytometry. Apoptosis induction was assessed by two corroborative assays; propidium iodide (PI) staining of cell DNA and flow cytometric light scatter analysis. The mitochondria membrane potential was investigated using a fluorescent dye DIOC6. The expression of caspases-3, -8, -9 and PARP was assessed by Western blot. The phytochemical screening of the roots of Bryonia dioica was performed using qualitative phytochemical standard procedures. RESULTS The Bryonia dioica aqueous extract induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 of Bryonia dioica aqueous extract was estimated to be approximately 15, 63μg/ml. This was accompanied by induction of apoptosis, activation of caspase-3 and -9, cleavage of PARP and loss of mitochondria membrane potential. Furthermore, the phytochemical screening of roots of Bryonia dioica showed the presence of various bioactive such as polyphenols, sterols and triterpenes, alkaloids, c-heterosides, carbohydrates and saponins. CONCLUSION The aqueous extract of Bryonia dioica induces apoptosis in the Burkitt's lymphoma BL41 cell lines via the mitochondrial pathway. The flavonoids, sterols and triterpens detected could be responsible for the cytotoxic and apoptogenic activities of the aqueous extract of Bryonia dioica. These findings suggest that Bryonia dioica could be considered as a promising source for developing novel therapeutics against Burkitt's lymphoma.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/toxicity
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Bryonia/chemistry
- Burkitt Lymphoma/metabolism
- Burkitt Lymphoma/pathology
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Caspase 9/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Light
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/toxicity
- Plant Roots
- Plants, Medicinal
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism
- Scattering, Radiation
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Solvents/chemistry
- Water/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachir Benarba
- Laboratory Research on Biological Systems and Geomatics, Faculty of Nature and Life, University of Mascara, Algeria.
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Huang T, Lin J, Cao J, Zhang P, Bai Y, Chen G, Chen K. An exopolysaccharide from Trichoderma pseudokoningii and its apoptotic activity on human leukemia K562 cells. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:701-8. [PMID: 24750776 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) was isolated from the fermentation broth of Trichoderma pseudokoningii and its anticancer activities on human leukemia K562 cells were studied. EPS could significantly inhibited K562 cells proliferation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, characteristic of apoptosis, including apoptotic morphological features and the apoptosis rate were obtained. Sequentially, the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, increase production of Reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhancement of the concentration of intracellular, up-regulation of Bax and p53 mRNA, down-regulation of Bcl-2 mRNA were also detected. The results indicate that the EPS could induce of K562 cells apoptosis, primarily in involved the mitochondrial pathways. The present studies suggest that EPS could be a new potential adjuvant chemotherapeutic and chemo preventive agent against human leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical college, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Pengying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Yungui Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Guochuang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Kaoshan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical college, Wuhu 241000, PR China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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Patel S, Goyal A. Recent developments in mushrooms as anti-cancer therapeutics: a review. 3 Biotech 2012; 2:1-15. [PMID: 22582152 PMCID: PMC3339609 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-011-0036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
From time immemorial, mushrooms have been valued by humankind as a culinary wonder and folk medicine in Oriental practice. The last decade has witnessed the overwhelming interest of western research fraternity in pharmaceutical potential of mushrooms. The chief medicinal uses of mushrooms discovered so far are as anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, hypocholesterolemic, anti-tumor, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, anti-allergic, nephroprotective, and anti-microbial agents. The mushrooms credited with success against cancer belong to the genus Phellinus, Pleurotus, Agaricus, Ganoderma, Clitocybe, Antrodia, Trametes, Cordyceps, Xerocomus, Calvatia, Schizophyllum, Flammulina, Suillus, Inonotus, Inocybe, Funlia, Lactarius, Albatrellus, Russula, and Fomes. The anti-cancer compounds play crucial role as reactive oxygen species inducer, mitotic kinase inhibitor, anti-mitotic, angiogenesis inhibitor, topoisomerase inhibitor, leading to apoptosis, and eventually checking cancer proliferation. The present review updates the recent findings on the pharmacologically active compounds, their anti-tumor potential, and underlying mechanism of biological action in order to raise awareness for further investigations to develop cancer therapeutics from mushrooms. The mounting evidences from various research groups across the globe, regarding anti-tumor application of mushroom extracts unarguably make it a fast-track research area worth mass attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, 144402 Punjab India
| | - Arun Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039 Assam India
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Yukawa H, Ishikawa S, Kawanishi T, Tamesada M, Tomi H. Direct Cytotoxicity of Lentinula edodes Mycelia Extract on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:1014-21. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b110657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yukawa
- Department of New Product and Business Development, Central R&D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Satoru Ishikawa
- Department of New Product and Business Development, Central R&D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Takashi Kawanishi
- Department of New Product and Business Development, Central R&D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Makoto Tamesada
- Department of New Product and Business Development, Central R&D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Hironori Tomi
- Department of New Product and Business Development, Central R&D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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Chan JYY, Chan E, Chan SW, Sze SY, Chan MF, Tsui SH, Leung KY, Chan RYK, Chung IYM. Enhancement of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities of polysaccharide peptide from Grifola frondosa by chemical modifications. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:1114-1120. [PMID: 21595572 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.569557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Grifola frondosa (Polyporaceae), maitake, is a widely consumed edible mushroom in some Asian countries. The fruit bodies and mycelia of maitake have shown different bioactive compounds with anticancer and other therapeutic properties. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated three chemically modified maitake polysaccharide-peptides' (MPSP) adjuvant effect (in vivo) and anticancer activity (in vitro growth inhibitory effect) compared with crude MPSP from G. frondosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the possibility of enhancing the adjuvant effect and anticancer effect of crude MPSP by using simple chemical modification methods to convert crude MPSP to phosphorylated, acetylated or esterified MPSPs. The adjuvant effect and growth inhibitory effect were evaluated by C6 cell inoculated rat model with cyclophosphamide (CPA) treatment and in vitro cell viability assay, respectively. RESULTS All four tested MPSPs showed significant adjuvant effect to CPA treatment on rats inoculated with C6 cancer cells. In addition, an obvious growth inhibitory effect was observed in C6 cancer cells but not in normal brain cells treated with various forms of MPSPs. Only phosphorylation could significantly (p < 0.05) improve the adjuvant effect (in vivo) and growth inhibitory effect. A same rank order (phosphorylated MPSP > esterified MPSP ≥ acetylated MPSP ≥ crude MPSP) of efficacy was observed in both the in vivo and in vitro assays. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study showed chemical phosphorylation could markedly enhance both adjuvant effects and growth inhibitory effects. This study demonstrated the feasibility of enhancing the efficacy of MPSP by using a simple chemical modification method, and this provides a foundation for future study in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Yuen-Yan Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Hung CF, Hsu BY, Chang SC, Chen BH. Antiproliferation of melanoma cells by polysaccharide isolated from Zizyphus jujuba. Nutrition 2011; 28:98-105. [PMID: 21820868 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Zizyphus jujuba, a traditional Chinese herb rich in functional components such as polysaccharide, has been widely consumed in Asian countries. The objective of this study was to determine the antiproliferation effect of melanoma cells as affected by deproteinized polysaccharide (DPP) isolated from Z. jujuba. METHODS Deproteinized polysaccharide was obtained through boiling water extraction, ethanol precipitation, deproteinization, and dialysis, and the molecular weight of DPP was determined by high-performance gel-filtration chromatography. Melanoma cell viability was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, the formation of apoptotic bodies was observed under a fluorescence microscope at 450 nm, and caspase-3 and caspase-9 were measured by an assay kit. RESULTS Deproteinized polysaccharide was composed of two fractions with average molecular weights of 143 108 and 67 633 Da. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test showed that the antiproliferation effect of DPP on melanoma cells followed a dose- and time-dependent course. The 50% inhibitory concentration of DPP in inhibiting melanoma cell growth was 3.99 ± 0.10 mg/mL after 24-h treatment but decreased significantly to 3.36 ± 0.14 mg/mL after 48 h. The cell cycle assay revealed melanoma cells to be arrested in G2/M phase. Moreover, with DPP treatment, the apoptotic bodies were generated, accompanied by an increase in caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity. CONCLUSIONS This outcome suggested that DPP may be used as a potential anti-skin cancer agent for further in vivo and clinical trial experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan
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38
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Ma J, Liu C, Chen Y, Jiang J, Qin Z. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of the Ganoderma applanatum extracts induces apoptosis on SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:175-182. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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39
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Zhao H, Zhang M, Zhao L, Ge YK, Sheng J, Shi W. Changes of constituents and activity to apoptosis and cell cycle during fermentation of tea. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:1862-75. [PMID: 21673927 PMCID: PMC3111638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12031862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea is believed to be beneficial for health, and the effects of the fermentation process on its contributions to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of gastric cancer cells have not been completely investigated. In this study, the chemical components in green tea, black tea and pu-erh tea aqueous extracts were analyzed and compared. The polysaccharide and caffeine levels were substantially higher in the fermented black tea and pu-erh tea, while the polyphenol level was higher in the unfermented green tea. Hence, a treatment of tea aqueous extract and the components, which are emerging as promising anticancer agents, were pursued to determine whether this treatment could lead to enhance apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In the human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901, the cell viability and flow cytometry analysis for apoptotic cells indicated effects in a dose-dependent inhibition manner for the three tea treatment groups. The apoptosis rates were found to be elevated after 48 h of treatment with 31.2, 125, and 500 μg/mL of green tea extract, the higher catechins content may be involved in the mechanism. Cell cycle was arrested in S phase in the fermented black tea and pu-erh tea, and the populations were significantly decreased in G2/M phases, possibly due to the oxidation of tea polyphenols, which causes an increase of theabrownins. CCC-HEL-1 normal cells were not sensitive to tea extract. These findings suggest that the fermentation process causes changes of the compounds which might be involved in the changes of cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; E-Mails: (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.); (Y.-K.G.)
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; E-Mails: (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.); (Y.-K.G.)
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; E-Mails: (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.); (Y.-K.G.)
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ya-kun Ge
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; E-Mails: (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.); (Y.-K.G.)
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Yunnan Research Centre for Advance Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (J.S.); (W.S.); Tel.: +86-431-85155216; Fax: +86-431-85155200
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; E-Mails: (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.); (Y.-K.G.)
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (J.S.); (W.S.); Tel.: +86-431-85155216; Fax: +86-431-85155200
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Zhao M, Mu W, Jiang B, Zhou L, Zhang T, Lu Z, Jin Z, Yang R. Purification and characterization of inulin fructotransferase (DFA III-forming) from Arthrobacter aurescens SK 8.001. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:1757-1764. [PMID: 20933390 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The soil bacterium Arthrobacter aurescens SK 8.001 produces inulin fructotransferase (IFTase), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) analysis demonstrated that the main product of the enzyme was difructose anhydride III (DFA III). The IFTase was purified by ethanol precipitation, DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow, and Superdex 200 10/300 GL gel chromatography. Its molecular mass was estimated to be 40 kDa by SDS-PAGE and 35 kDa by gel filtration. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 5.5 and 60-70 °C, and retained 86.5% of its initial activity after incubation at 60 °C for 4 h. Chemical modification results suggested that a tryptophan residue is essential to enzyme activity. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined as AEGAKASPLNSPNVYDVT. The kinetic values, Km and Vmax, were estimated to be 0.52 mM and 0.3 μmol/ml min. Nystose was observed to be the smallest substrate for the produced IFTase. This IFTase provides a promising way to utilize inulin for the production of DFA III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
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Zhang M, Zhu L, Cui SW, Wang Q, Zhou T, Shen H. Fractionation, partial characterization and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides and polysaccharide-protein complexes from Pleurotus geesteranus. Int J Biol Macromol 2010; 48:5-12. [PMID: 20850471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fractionation and purification of mushroom polysaccharides is a critical process for mushroom clinical application. After a hot-water treatment, the crude Pleurotus geesteranus (PG) was further fractionated into four fractions (PG-1, -2, -3, -4) using gradient precipitation with water and ammonia sulphate. By controlling the initial polymer concentration and ratio of solvents, this process produced PG fractions with high chemical uniformity and narrow Mw distribution without free proteins. Structurally, PG-1 and PG-2 are pure homopolysaccharide mainly composed of glucose; and PG-3 and PG-4 are heteropolysaccharide-protein complexes. PG-2, a high M(w) fraction mainly composed of glucose presented significant cytotoxicity at the concentration of 200 and 100 μg/ml to human breast cancer cells. Here, we report a new mushroom polysaccharides extraction and fractionation method, with which we produced four fractions of PG with PG-2 appearing effective anti-tumour activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G5C9
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Production of polysaccharides by submerged mycelial culture of entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps takaomontana and their apoptotic effects on human neuroblastoma cells. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-009-0179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Characterization and anti-tumor activities of sulfated polysaccharide SRBPS2a obtained from defatted rice bran. Int J Biol Macromol 2009; 45:427-31. [PMID: 19549538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel chemically sulfated polysaccharide SRBPS2a with potent anti-tumor activity was derived from defatted rice bran by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine (CSA-Pyr) method. The average molecular weight of SRBPS2a was 3.5 x 10(5) Da and the degree of sulfation (DS) was 1.29. The Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and 13C NMR spectroscopy analysis revealed that SRBPS2a was mainly consist of beta-(1-->3)-D-galactopyranosyl residues, the sulfate substitution site was on C-2 and C-4 while the side chains were cut off during the sulfated reaction. Furthermore, SRBPS2a exhibited evident growth inhibition on mouse mammary tumor EMT-6 cells both in vitro and in vivo.
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Mahfouz RZ, Sharma RK, Said TM, Erenpreiss J, Agarwal A. Association of sperm apoptosis and DNA ploidy with sperm chromatin quality in human spermatozoa. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:1110-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Illana-Esteban C. [The fungus maitake (Grifola frondosa) and its therapeutic potential]. Rev Iberoam Micol 2009; 25:141-4. [PMID: 18785781 DOI: 10.1016/s1130-1406(08)70033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Grifola frondosa (Dicks.) Gray is a polyporaceous fungus and, due to its medical properties, has been used in Eastern cultures for thousands of years. A review of previously published literature on this fungus, its ethnomycological, nutritional, pharmacological and medical aspects were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Illana-Esteban
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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46
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Guo WJ, Tao WY, Bi F. Study on the structure-activity relationships of phoxalone and induction of apoptosis in H446 tumor cells. Nat Prod Res 2007; 21:1271-85. [PMID: 18075890 DOI: 10.1080/14786410701766190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel macrolide with dioxa and double ring pentadecanone, named as phoxalone, isolated from the culture broth of a myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum WXNXJ-C, was well investigated. The chemical structure of Phoxalone was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including UV, IR, (1)H NMR, MALDI-TOF-MS, and LC/MS spectra. The results of cytotoxic bioactivities on human non-small lung cancer H446, in vitro, showed that not only did phoxalone express higher antitumor bioactivity than many antitumor drugs, but it also displayed less cytotoxicity to normal human liver L02 cell lines (IC(50), 286 microg mL(-1)). Further cytotoxic bioactivity study indicated that phoxalone could induce H446 cell line apoptosis in vitro. More investigation results of flow-cytometric analysis suggested that phoxalone arrested the mitosis of H446 cell line at G2/M phase. Hence, phoxalone and its derivatives or analogs would reveal huge research value and fascinating foreground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical, School of Biotechnology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China 214122
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