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Bolleyn J, Rombaut M, Nair N, Branson S, Heymans A, Chuah M, VandenDriessche T, Rogiers V, De Kock J, Vanhaecke T. Genetic and Epigenetic Modification of Rat Liver Progenitor Cells via HNF4α Transduction and 5' Azacytidine Treatment: An Integrated miRNA and mRNA Expression Profile Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E486. [PMID: 32365562 PMCID: PMC7291069 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal liver-derived rat epithelial cells (rLEC) from biliary origin are liver progenitor cells that acquire a hepatocyte-like phenotype upon sequential exposure to hepatogenic growth factors and cytokines. Undifferentiated rLEC express several liver-enriched transcription factors, including the hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF) 3β and HNF6, but not the hepatic master regulator HNF4α. In this study, we first investigated the impact of the ectopic expression of HNF4α in rLEC on both mRNA and microRNA (miR) level by means of microarray technology. We found that HNF4α transduction did not induce major changes to the rLEC phenotype. However, we next investigated the influence of DNA methyl transferase (DNMT) inhibition on the phenotype of undifferentiated naïve rLEC by exposure to 5' azacytidine (AZA), which was found to have a significant impact on rLEC gene expression. The transduction of HNF4α or AZA treatment resulted both in significantly downregulated C/EBPα expression levels, while the exposure of the cells to AZA had a significant effect on the expression of HNF3β. Computationally, dysregulated miRNAs were linked to target mRNAs using the microRNA Target Filter function of Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. We found that differentially regulated miRNA-mRNA target associations predict ectopic HNF4α expression in naïve rLEC to interfere with cell viability and cellular maturation (miR-19b-3p/NR4A2, miR30C-5p/P4HA2, miR328-3p/CD44) while it predicts AZA exposure to modulate epithelial/hepatic cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression and the differentiation of stem cells (miR-18a-5p/ESR1, miR-503-5p/CCND1). Finally, our computational analysis predicts that the combination of HNF4α transduction with subsequent AZA treatment might cause changes in hepatic cell proliferation and maturation (miR-18a-5p/ESR1, miR-503-5p/CCND1, miR-328-3p/CD44) as well as the apoptosis (miR-16-5p/BCL2, miR-17-5p/BCL2, miR-34a-5p/BCL2 and miR-494-3p/HMOX1) of naïve rLEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bolleyn
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (J.B.); (M.R.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (T.V.)
| | - Matthias Rombaut
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (J.B.); (M.R.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (T.V.)
| | - Nisha Nair
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine (GTRM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (N.N.); (M.C.); (T.V.)
| | - Steven Branson
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (J.B.); (M.R.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (T.V.)
| | - Anja Heymans
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (J.B.); (M.R.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (T.V.)
| | - Marinee Chuah
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine (GTRM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (N.N.); (M.C.); (T.V.)
| | - Thierry VandenDriessche
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine (GTRM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (N.N.); (M.C.); (T.V.)
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (J.B.); (M.R.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (T.V.)
| | - Joery De Kock
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (J.B.); (M.R.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (T.V.)
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (J.B.); (M.R.); (S.B.); (A.H.); (V.R.); (T.V.)
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Wang Z, Li W, Li C, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Sun S, Li J, Cai Y. Small hepatocyte-like progenitor cells may be a Hedgehog signaling pathway-controlled subgroup of liver stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2423-2430. [PMID: 27703504 PMCID: PMC5038904 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the expression levels of components of the Hedgehog signaling pathway (HH) during the proliferation of a liver stem cell subgroup, namely small hepatocyte-like progenitor cells (SHPCs). Retrorsine-treated Fisher 344 rats underwent a partial hepatectomy (PH) to induce the proliferation of SHPCs, after which reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were performed to analyze the expression of various components of the HH in primary SHPCs at different times points post-PH. A number of components of the HH, including Indian hedgehog (IHH), patched (PTCH), smoothened and glioma-associated oncogene (GLI)1, 2 and 3, were continuously expressed and showed dynamic changes in proliferating SHPCs. In addition, the expression levels of IHH, PTCH and GLI1 were significantly different as compared with those of the control group at the same time point, and there were significant differences among the various time points in the experimental group (P<0.01). Furthermore, there was an association between the postoperative day and expression levels of HH components in the retrorsine-treated group. An immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that PTCH was also expressed at the protein level. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that the HH was continuously activated during the proliferation of SHPCs, thus indicating that SHPCs may be a subgroup of stem cells that are regulated by the HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Chun Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Wang Li
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P.R. China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Shumei Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Junxiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
| | - Yidong Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
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Wan Y, Garner J, Wu N, Phillip L, Han Y, McDaniel K, Annable T, Zhou T, Francis H, Glaser S, Huang Q, Alpini G, Meng F. Role of stem cells during diabetic liver injury. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:195-203. [PMID: 26645107 PMCID: PMC4727564 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most severe endocrine metabolic disorders in the world that has serious medical consequences with substantial impacts on the quality of life. Type 2 diabetes is one of the main causes of diabetic liver diseases with the most common being non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Several factors that may explain the mechanisms related to pathological and functional changes of diabetic liver injury include: insulin resistance, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The realization that these factors are important in hepatocyte damage and lack of donor livers has led to studies concentrating on the role of stem cells (SCs) in the prevention and treatment of liver injury. Possible avenues that the application of SCs may improve liver injury include but are not limited to: the ability to differentiate into pancreatic β-cells (insulin producing cells), the contribution for hepatocyte regeneration, regulation of lipogenesis, glucogenesis and anti-inflammatory actions. Once further studies are performed to explore the underlying protective mechanisms of SCs and the advantages and disadvantages of its application, there will be a greater understand of the mechanism and therapeutic potential. In this review, we summarize the findings regarding the role of SCs in diabetic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wan
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
- Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jessica Garner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
- Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Nan Wu
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Levine Phillip
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
- Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Yuyan Han
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Kelly McDaniel
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
- Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Tami Annable
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
- Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
- Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Qiaobing Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
- Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
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Chen X, Xu C. Transcription Profiles of Marker Genes Predict The Transdifferentiation Relationship between Eight Types of Liver Cell during Rat Liver Regeneration. CELL JOURNAL 2015. [PMID: 26199913 PMCID: PMC4503848 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the transdifferentiation relationship between eight types of liver cell during rat liver regeneration (LR). MATERIALS AND METHODS 114 healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in this experimental study. Eight types of liver cell were isolated and purified with percoll density gradient centrifugation and immunomagentic bead methods. Marker genes for eight types of cell were obtained by retrieving the relevant references and databases. Expression changes of markers for each cell of the eight cell types were measured using microarray. The relationships between the expression profiles of marker genes and transdifferentiation among liver cells were analyzed using bioinformatics. Liver cell transdifferentiation was predicted by comparing expression profiles of marker genes in different liver cells. RESULTS During LR hepatocytes (HCs) not only express hepatic oval cells (HOC) markers (including PROM1, KRT14 and LY6E), but also express biliary epithelial cell (BEC) markers (including KRT7 and KRT19); BECs express both HOC markers (including GABRP, PCNA and THY1) and HC markers such as CPS1, TAT, KRT8 and KRT18; both HC markers (KRT18, KRT8 and WT1) and BEC markers (KRT7 and KRT19) were detected in HOCs. Additionally, some HC markers were also significantly upregulated in hepatic stellate cells ( HSCs), sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) , Kupffer cells (KCs) and dendritic cells (DCs), mainly at 6-72 hours post partial hepatectomy (PH). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that there is a mutual transdifferentiation relationship between HC, BEC and HOC during LR, and a tendency for HSCs, SECs, KCs and DCs to transdifferentiate into HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaguang Chen
- Animal Science and Technology School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Henan Normal University, East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, China ; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, China
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Yang DW, Yao P. Cell transplantation for hepatic disease: current research status. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:1720-1725. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i16.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation is a promising way to restore liver function. Treatment of end-stage liver disease with stem cells, especially bone marrow stem cells, has attracted wild attention. There is ongoing research to use mature hepatocytes, liver progenitor cells, bone marrow stem cells and embryonic stem cells to restore liver function in patient with hepatic disease. Here we review the current research status of cell transplantation for hepatic disease in terms of cell biology, animal models and clinical trials.
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Adler S, Basketter D, Creton S, Pelkonen O, van Benthem J, Zuang V, Andersen KE, Angers-Loustau A, Aptula A, Bal-Price A, Benfenati E, Bernauer U, Bessems J, Bois FY, Boobis A, Brandon E, Bremer S, Broschard T, Casati S, Coecke S, Corvi R, Cronin M, Daston G, Dekant W, Felter S, Grignard E, Gundert-Remy U, Heinonen T, Kimber I, Kleinjans J, Komulainen H, Kreiling R, Kreysa J, Leite SB, Loizou G, Maxwell G, Mazzatorta P, Munn S, Pfuhler S, Phrakonkham P, Piersma A, Poth A, Prieto P, Repetto G, Rogiers V, Schoeters G, Schwarz M, Serafimova R, Tähti H, Testai E, van Delft J, van Loveren H, Vinken M, Worth A, Zaldivar JM. Alternative (non-animal) methods for cosmetics testing: current status and future prospects-2010. Arch Toxicol 2011; 85:367-485. [PMID: 21533817 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The 7th amendment to the EU Cosmetics Directive prohibits to put animal-tested cosmetics on the market in Europe after 2013. In that context, the European Commission invited stakeholder bodies (industry, non-governmental organisations, EU Member States, and the Commission's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety) to identify scientific experts in five toxicological areas, i.e. toxicokinetics, repeated dose toxicity, carcinogenicity, skin sensitisation, and reproductive toxicity for which the Directive foresees that the 2013 deadline could be further extended in case alternative and validated methods would not be available in time. The selected experts were asked to analyse the status and prospects of alternative methods and to provide a scientifically sound estimate of the time necessary to achieve full replacement of animal testing. In summary, the experts confirmed that it will take at least another 7-9 years for the replacement of the current in vivo animal tests used for the safety assessment of cosmetic ingredients for skin sensitisation. However, the experts were also of the opinion that alternative methods may be able to give hazard information, i.e. to differentiate between sensitisers and non-sensitisers, ahead of 2017. This would, however, not provide the complete picture of what is a safe exposure because the relative potency of a sensitiser would not be known. For toxicokinetics, the timeframe was 5-7 years to develop the models still lacking to predict lung absorption and renal/biliary excretion, and even longer to integrate the methods to fully replace the animal toxicokinetic models. For the systemic toxicological endpoints of repeated dose toxicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity, the time horizon for full replacement could not be estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Adler
- Centre for Documentation and Evaluation of Alternatives to Animal Experiments (ZEBET), Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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Snykers S, De Kock J, Tamara V, Rogiers V. Hepatic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: in vitro strategies. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 698:305-14. [PMID: 21431528 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-999-4_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, evidence has been provided that mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSC) from various sources (bone marrow, adipose tissue, skin, placenta, umbilical cord) could occasionally overcome lineage borders and differentiate into endodermal (hepatocytes) and ectodermal (neural cells) cell types in vitro. Whereas unidirectional differentiation into other mesenchymal cell types, including adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts, readily occurs in the presence of a simple cocktail of growth factors and nutrients, successful bypassing of lineage borders mainly depends on multistep processes in a coordinated signaling network. Here, we provide a reproducible basic methodology to differentiate adult MSC into functional hepatocytes in a sequential and time-dependent way. In addition, focus lies on the functional characterization of MSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells. In particular, we provide a detailed modus operandi to measure the inducible cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent activity of MSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Snykers
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Peters SJAC, Vanhaecke T, Papeleu P, Rogiers V, Haagsman HP, van Norren K. Co-culture of primary rat hepatocytes with rat liver epithelial cells enhances interleukin-6-induced acute-phase protein response. Cell Tissue Res 2010; 340:451-7. [PMID: 20411395 PMCID: PMC2882052 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-0955-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Three different primary rat hepatocyte culture methods were compared for their ability to allow the secretion of fibrinogen and albumin under basal and IL-6-stimulated conditions. These culture methods comprised the co-culture of hepatocytes with rat liver epithelial cells (CC-RLEC), a collagen type I sandwich culture (SW) and a conventional primary hepatocyte monolayer culture (ML). Basal albumin secretion was most stable over time in SW. Fibrinogen secretion was induced by IL-6 in all cell culture models. Compared with ML, CC-RLEC showed an almost three-fold higher fibrinogen secretion under both control and IL-6-stimulated conditions. Induction of fibrinogen release by IL-6 was lowest in SW. Albumin secretion was decreased after IL-6 stimulation in both ML and CC-RLEC. Thus, cells growing under the various primary hepatocyte cell culture techniques react differently to IL-6 stimulation with regard to acute-phase protein secretion. CC-RLEC is the preferred method for studying cytokine-mediated induction of acute-phase proteins, because of the pronounced stimulation of fibrinogen secretion upon IL-6 exposure under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan J. A. C. Peters
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Danone Centre for Specialised Nutrition, P.O. Box 7005, 6700 CA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peggy Papeleu
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Klaske van Norren
- Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Danone Centre for Specialised Nutrition, P.O. Box 7005, 6700 CA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Nutrition and Pharmacology Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Chiu CC, Huang YW, Chou SH, Huang GT, Chiou LL, Lee HS. Generation of a monoclonal antibody specifically reacting with undifferentiated liver progenitor cells. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2009; 28:435-9. [PMID: 20025503 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2009.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An adult rat liver progenitor cell line Lig-8 was established. In the induction by sodium butyrate, these cells were shown to be able to differentiate into both hepatocytes and bile duct cells expressing albumin and cytokeratin-19, the markers of respective cell types. In order to generate Lig-8 specific antibody for further studies, we produced a monoclonal antibody using the whole Lig-8 cells as immunogen. The yielded monoclonal antibody, named Ligab, belongs to IgG subclass G1 and kappa light chain. It specifically stained on Lig-8 cells in the cytoplasm but not on a rat hepatoma cell line H4IIE. Its immunoreaction against Lig-8 cell lysate on dot blots diminished as the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the lysate increased to 2%, a level in the sample buffer of standard SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Not surprisingly, Ligab failed to detect its reacting antigen in Lig-8 cell lysate by standard SDS-PAGE-based immunoblotting. It could detect this antigen only by native PAGE-based immunoblotting. These characteristics suggested that the antigenic epitope for Ligab is likely a molecular structure instead of a peptide sequence. More interestingly, expression of Ligab-reacting antigen in Lig-8 cells declined as the cells were induced to differentiate by sodium butyrate. This antigen is very likely a differentiation-related marker for these cells, and this monoclonal antibody may help study the molecular mechanisms of liver progenitor cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chang Chiu
- The Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei County, Taiwan
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Characterization and hepatic differentiation of skin-derived precursors from adult foreskin by sequential exposure to hepatogenic cytokines and growth factors reflecting liver development. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:1522-7. [PMID: 19720137 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated whether precursor cells isolated from the dermis of infant human foreskin are capable to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells upon sequential and gradual exposure to hepatogenic factors [fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-4, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), insulin-transferrin-selenite (ITS), dexamethasone and oncostatin M (OSM)], mimicking the liver embryogenesis in vivo. Undifferentiated human skin-derived precursors (hSKP) are characterized by a fibroblast-like shape. Yet, they already express typical hepatic proteins, including cytokeratin (CK)-18, hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4 and HNF-1alpha. Microarray analysis further reveals gene expression of (i) the stemness markers nestin, POU5F1 (OCT-4), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and thymocyte differentiation antigen (THY)-1, (ii) biliary CK14 and CK19, (iii) biliary/foetal hepatic connexin (Cx)-43, and (iv) adult hepatic CK18, HNF-4 and HNF-1alpha. Upon differentiation, cells undergo morphological and phenotypic changes. As such, hSKP adopt a more polygonal-to-cuboidal cell shape. At the protein level, Cx43 expression is downregulated whereas typical hepatic markers, including alfa-foetoprotein (AFP), prealbumin (TTR) and albumin (ALB), become expressed in accordance to in vivo patterns observed during hepatogenesis. In conclusion, these data show for the first time that hSKP are capable to "trans" differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells upon mimicking the in vivo micro-environment of developing hepatocytes in vitro.
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Jones CN, Tuleuova N, Lee JY, Ramanculov E, Reddi AH, Zern MA, Revzin A. Cultivating liver cells on printed arrays of hepatocyte growth factor. Biomaterials 2009; 30:3733-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cell transplantation to restore liver function as an alternative to whole liver transplantation has thus far not been successful in humans. RECENT FINDINGS Adult mature hepatocytes and various populations of liver progenitors and stem cells are being studied for their regenerative capabilities. Hepatocyte transplantation to treat metabolic deficiencies has shown promising early improvement in liver function; however, long-term success has not been achieved. Liver progenitor cells can now be identified and were shown to be capable to differentiate into a hepatocyte-like phenotype. Despite evidence of mesenchymal stem cell fusion in animal models of liver regeneration, encouraging results were seen in a small group of patients receiving autologous transplantation of CD133 mesenchymal stem cells to repopulate the liver after extensive hepatectomy for liver masses. Ethical issues, availability, potential rejection and limited understanding of the totipotent capabilities of embryonic stem cells are the limitations that prevent their use for restoration of liver function. The effectiveness of embryonic stem cells to support liver function has been proven with their application in the bioartificial liver model in rodents. SUMMARY There is ongoing research to restore liver function in cell biology, animal models and clinical trials using mature hepatocytes, liver progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells and embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya R Flohr
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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Viebahn CS, Yeoh GCT. What fires prometheus? The link between inflammation and regeneration following chronic liver injury. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 40:855-73. [PMID: 18207446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver progenitor cells (LPCs) play a major role in the regeneration process after chronic liver damage, giving rise to hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Thus, they provide a cell-based therapeutic alternative to organ transplant, the current treatment of choice for end-stage liver disease. In recent years, much attention has focused on unravelling the cytokines and growth factors that underlie this response. Liver regeneration following acute damage is achieved by proliferation of mature hepatocytes; yet similar cytokines, most related to the inflammatory process, are implicated in both acute and chronic liver regeneration. Thus, many recent studies represent attempts to identify LPC-specific factors. This review summarises our current understanding of LPC biology with a particular focus on the liver inflammatory response being associated with the induction of LPCs in the liver. We will describe: (i) the pathways of liver regeneration following acute and chronic damage; (ii) the similarities and differences between the two pathways; (iii) the liver inflammatory environment; (iv) the unique features of liver immunology as well as (v) the interactions between liver immune cells and LPCs. Combining data from studies on the LPC-driven regeneration process with the knowledge in the field of liver immunology will improve our understanding of the LPC response and allow us to regulate these cells in vivo and in vitro for future therapeutic strategies to treat chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia S Viebahn
- School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, M310, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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