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Shafiee F, Safaeian L, Gorbani F. Protective effects of protocatechuic acid against doxorubicin- and arsenic trioxide-induced toxicity in cardiomyocytes. Res Pharm Sci 2023; 18:149-158. [PMID: 36873272 PMCID: PMC9976056 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.367794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Some chemotherapeutic drugs are associated with an increased risk of cardiotoxicity in patients. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a phenolic acid with valuable cardiovascular, chemo-preventive, and anticancer activities. Recent studies have shown the cardioprotective effects of PCA in several pathological conditions. This investigation aimed to assess the possible protective effects of PCA on cardiomyocytes against toxicities caused by anti-neoplastic agents, doxorubicin (DOX), and arsenic trioxide (ATO). Experimental approach H9C2 cells were exposed to DOX (1 μM) or ATO (35 μM) after 24 h pretreatment with PCA (1-100 μM). MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) tests were used to define cell viability or cytotoxicity. Total oxidant and antioxidant capacities were evaluated by measuring hydroperoxides and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) levels. Expression of the TLR4 gene was also quantitatively estimated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Findings/Results PCA showed a proliferative effect on cardiomyocytes and significantly enhanced cell viability and reduced cytotoxicity of DOX and ATO during MTT and LDH assays. Pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with PCA significantly decreased hydroperoxide levels and elevated FRAP value. Moreover, PCA meaningfully decreased TLR4 expression in DOX-and ATO-treated cardiomyocytes. Conclusions and implications In conclusion, antioxidant and cytoprotective activities were found for PCA versus toxicities caused by DOX and ATO in cardiomyocytes. However, further in vivo investigations are recommended to assess its clinical value for the prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shafiee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Leila Safaeian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Fatemeh Gorbani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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2
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The Potential of Flavonoids and Flavonoid Metabolites in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Pathology in Disorders of Cognitive Decline. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030663. [PMID: 36978911 PMCID: PMC10045397 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a biodiverse family of dietary compounds that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial cell protective profiles. They have received considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents in biomedicine and have been widely used in traditional complimentary medicine for generations. Such complimentary medical herbal formulations are extremely complex mixtures of many pharmacologically active compounds that provide a therapeutic outcome through a network pharmacological effects of considerable complexity. Methods are emerging to determine the active components used in complimentary medicine and their therapeutic targets and to decipher the complexities of how network pharmacology provides such therapeutic effects. The gut microbiome has important roles to play in the generation of bioactive flavonoid metabolites retaining or exceeding the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of the intact flavonoid and, in some cases, new antitumor and antineurodegenerative bioactivities. Certain food items have been identified with high prebiotic profiles suggesting that neutraceutical supplementation may be beneficially employed to preserve a healthy population of bacterial symbiont species and minimize the establishment of harmful pathogenic organisms. Gut health is an important consideration effecting the overall health and wellbeing of linked organ systems. Bioconversion of dietary flavonoid components in the gut generates therapeutic metabolites that can also be transported by the vagus nerve and systemic circulation to brain cell populations to exert a beneficial effect. This is particularly important in a number of neurological disorders (autism, bipolar disorder, AD, PD) characterized by effects on moods, resulting in depression and anxiety, impaired motor function, and long-term cognitive decline. Native flavonoids have many beneficial properties in the alleviation of inflammation in tissues, however, concerns have been raised that therapeutic levels of flavonoids may not be achieved, thus allowing them to display optimal therapeutic effects. Dietary manipulation and vagal stimulation have both yielded beneficial responses in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders, depression, and anxiety, establishing the vagal nerve as a route of communication in the gut-brain axis with established roles in disease intervention. While a number of native flavonoids are beneficial in the treatment of neurological disorders and are known to penetrate the blood–brain barrier, microbiome-generated flavonoid metabolites (e.g., protocatechuic acid, urolithins, γ-valerolactones), which retain the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potency of the native flavonoid in addition to bioactive properties that promote mitochondrial health and cerebrovascular microcapillary function, should also be considered as potential biotherapeutic agents. Studies are warranted to experimentally examine the efficacy of flavonoid metabolites directly, as they emerge as novel therapeutic options.
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Sil S, De KK, Ghosh A. RP-HPLC-based phytochemical screening of different polyphenolic compounds from floral extract of four species of Saraca L. (Leguminosae). FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Saraca L. is one of the treasures throve of medicinally important plants in Indian subcontinent with its four species among which two are naturally distributed. It is one of the important resources of highly active phytochemicals due to which it proclaims a legendary position from ancient medicinal practices to modern ages. The crude extracts of flowers of four species were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus in petroleum benzene, ethyl acetate and 90% methanol sequentially. RP-HPLC (reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography)-based analysis of the presence of different phytochemicals using 15 different polyphenolic phytochemical standards was done to assess and quantify different phytochemicals.
Results
RP-HPLC-based evaluation revealed the presence different polyphenolic compounds like catechins, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, t-cinnamic acid, anthrol, p-coumaric acid, biochanin A, etc., in a considerable amount which is very crucial for the phytomedicinal field. The correlations of the presence of known phytochemicals give a basis of phytochemical correlation among the four species. The RP-HPLC chromatographic data were applied to develop the complete phytochemical coding according to the complete set of chemicals found among the species to evaluate phytochemical correlation among them in a different way. This application also produces strong evidence of distinguishing features of S. indica and S. asoca that were considered as same species by some traditional taxonomy.
Conclusion
Extracts of S. thaipingensis contain highest amount of polyphenolic compounds, and the lowest amount was found in S. declinata. The phytochemical relations among S. asoca and S. declinata are high, and S. indica also has close relations with them, but S. thaipingensis has distinct divergence.
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4
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Wang M, Jiang S, Hussain N, Zafar S, Xie Q, Huang F, Mao L, Li B, Jian Y, Wang W. Anti-RAFLS Triterpenoids and Hepatoprotective Lignans From the Leaves of Tujia Ethnomedicine Kadsura heteroclita (Xuetong). Front Chem 2022; 10:878811. [PMID: 35620653 PMCID: PMC9127087 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.878811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A pair of 3,4-seco-cycloartane triterpenoid isomers with a rare peroxy bridge, namely, xuetonins A and B (1 and 2), four new lignans xuetonlignans A–D (3–6), a new sesquiterpene xuetonpene (7), and a new natural product xuetonin C (8), along with 43 known compounds, were obtained from the leaves of Tujia ethnomedicine, Kadsura heteroclita. Their structures and configurations were determined with the help of a combination of 1D- and 2D-NMR, HRESIMS spectra, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and X-ray diffraction data. Compounds 2, 10, 13–15, and 17–19 showed moderate-to-potent activity against rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RAFLS) with IC50 values of 19.81 ± 0.26, 12.73 ± 0.29, 5.70 ± 0.24, 9.25 ± 0.79, 5.66 ± 0.52, 11.91 ± 0.44, 13.22 ± 0.27, and 15.94 ± 0.36 μM, respectively. Furthermore, compounds 22, 25, and 31 exhibited significant hepatoprotective effects against N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)–induced toxicity in HepG2 cells at 10 μM, and the cell viability increased by 12.93, 25.23, and 13.91%, respectively, compared with that in the model group (cf. bicyclol, 12.60%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Sai Jiang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Nusrat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Baltistan Skardu, Skardu, Pakistan
| | - Salman Zafar
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Qingling Xie
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Feibing Huang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Linxi Mao
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Li
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqing Jian
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yuqing Jian, ; Wei Wang,
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yuqing Jian, ; Wei Wang,
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5
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Zhang S, Gai Z, Gui T, Chen J, Chen Q, Li Y. Antioxidant Effects of Protocatechuic Acid and Protocatechuic Aldehyde: Old Wine in a New Bottle. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6139308. [PMID: 34790246 PMCID: PMC8592717 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6139308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are naturally present as secondary metabolites in plant-based sources such as fruits, vegetables, and spices. They have received considerable attention for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties for protection against many chronic disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. They are categorized into various groups based on their chemical structure and include phenolic acids, flavonoids, curcumins, tannins, and quinolones. Their structural variations contribute to their specific beneficial effects on human health. The antioxidant property of phenolic compounds protects against oxidative stress by up-regulation of endogenous antioxidants, scavenging free radicals, and anti-apoptotic activity. Protocatechuic acid (PCA; 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid) and protocatechuic aldehyde (PAL; 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) are naturally occurring polyphenols found in vegetables, fruits, and herbs. PCA and PAL are the primary metabolites of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, which have been shown to possess pharmacological actions including antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of PCA and PAL by comprehensively summarizing their pharmacological properties reported to date, with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ting Gui
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Juanli Chen
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qingfa Chen
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yunlun Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- The Third Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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6
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Alsharif KF, Almalki AA, Alsanie WF, Alzahrani KJ, Kabrah SM, Elshopakey GE, Alghamdi AAA, Lokman MS, Sberi HA, Bauomy AA, Albrakati A, Ramadan SS, Kassab RB, Abdel Moneim AE, Salem FEH. Protocatechuic acid attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced septic lung injury in mice: The possible role through suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13915. [PMID: 34472624 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the protective efficacy of protocatechuic acid (PCA) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic lung injury. Eighty-two male Balb/c mice were divided into six groups: control, PCA30 (30 mg/kg), LPS (10 mg/kg), PCA10-LPS, PCA20-LPS, and PCA30-LPS treated with 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg PCA, respectively, for seven days before intraperitoneal LPS injection. PCA pre-treatment, especially at higher dose, significantly reduced LPS-induced lung tissue injury as indicated by increased heat shock protein 70 and antioxidant molecules (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) accompanied by lower oxidative stress indices (malondialdehyde and nitric oxide). PCA administration decreased inflammatory mediators including myeloperoxidase, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB p65), and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and prevented the development of apoptotic events in the lung tissue. At the molecular level, PCA downregulated mRNA expression of nitric oxide synthase 2, C/EBP homologous protein, and high mobility group box1 in the lungs of all PCA-LPS treated mice. Thus, PCA-pre-treatment effectively counteracted sepsis-induced acute lung injury in vivo by promoting and antioxidant status, while inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Sepsis-mediated organ dysfunction and high mortality is aggravated by acute lung injury (ALI). Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are needed to encounter sepsis-mediated ALI. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a naturally occurring phenolic acid with various biological and pharmacological activities. PCA is abundant in edible plants including Allium cepa L., Oryza sativa L., Hibiscus sabdariffa, Prunus domestica L., and Eucommia ulmoides. In this investigation we studied the potential protective role of pure PCA (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg) on LPS-mediated septic lung injury in mice through examining oxidative challenge, inflammatory response, apoptotic events and histopathological changes in addition to evaluating the levels and mRNA expression of heat shock protein 70, C/EBP homologous protein and high mobility group box1 in the lung tissue. The recorded results showed that PCA pre-administration was able to significantly abrogate the damages in the lung tissue associated septic response. This protective effect comes from its strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities, suggesting that PCA may be applied to alleviate ALI associated with the development of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulraheem Ali Almalki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M Kabrah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm AlQura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehad E Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Maha S Lokman
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan Al Sberi
- Basic Medical Science, Histopathology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira A Bauomy
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, ArRass, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shimaa S Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rami B Kassab
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al Baha University, Almakhwah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma Elzahraa H Salem
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Li H, Zheng T, Lian F, Xu T, Yin W, Jiang Y. Anthocyanin-rich blueberry extracts and anthocyanin metabolite protocatechuic acid promote autophagy-lysosomal pathway and alleviate neurons damage in in vivo and in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease. Nutrition 2021; 93:111473. [PMID: 34739938 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As the global aging phenomenon intensifies, the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is gradually increasing. Diet appears to be an effective way to prevent and delay the progression of AD. Previous studies have found that cognitive impairment and neuronal damage were effectively alleviated by blueberry extract (BBE) in AD mice, but its mechanism is still unclear. The aims of this study were to detect the main anthocyanins of BBE; then to verify the protective effects of anthocyanin-rich BBE on hippocampal neurons and the promotion of autophagy; and finally to investigate the main protective effects and mechanisms of protocatechuic acid (PCA), a major metabolite of BBE, for promoting autophagy and thus playing a neuroprotective role. METHODS APP/PS1 mice were given 150 mg/kg BBE daily for 16 wk. Morphology of neurons was observed and autophagy-related proteins were detected. RESULTS Neuron damage in morphology was reduced and the expression of autophagy-related proteins in APP/PS1 mice were promoted after BBE treatment. In vitro, Aβ25-35-induced cytotoxicity, including decreased neuron viability and increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase and reactive oxygen species, was effectively reversed by PCA. Furthermore, by adding autophagy inducers rapamycin and autophagy inhibitors Bafilomycin A1, it was verified that degradation of autophagosomes was upregulated and autophagy was promoted by PCA. CONCLUSION This study elucidated the mechanism of BBE for reducing neuronal damage by promoting neuronal autophagy and proved PCA may be the main bioactive metabolite of BBE for neuroprotective effects, providing a basis for dietary intervention in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, PR China; Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fuzhi Lian
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Wenya Yin
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
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8
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Bakhshi O, Bagherzade G, Ghamari kargar P. Biosynthesis of Organic Nanocomposite Using Pistacia vera L. Hull: An Efficient Antimicrobial Agent. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2021; 2021:4105853. [PMID: 34335708 PMCID: PMC8286193 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4105853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here presented a quick and easy synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). Pistachio hull extract has been used as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the preparation of CuNPs. This biosynthesis is a kind of supporter of the environment because chemical agents were not used to making nanoparticles, and on the other hand, it prevents the release of pistachio waste in nature and its adverse effects on nature. The biosynthesized CuNPs and CuNPs/silver Schiff base nanocomposite (CSS NC) were characterized by UV-VIS spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). CuNP and CSS NC antimicrobial activity was examined by both well diffusion and determination MIC methods against four bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two fungi Aspergillus Niger and Candida albicans. CuNPs and CSS NC showed significant antimicrobial activity on the samples, preventing the growth of bacteria and fungi at very low concentrations. CuNPs and CSS NC had the greatest effect on Escherichia coli bacteria and Aspergillus niger fungi. Phenolic compounds are one of the most important antioxidants that are involved in various fields, including pharmacy. Pistacia vera hull is a rich source of phenolic compounds. In this study, the most phenolic compound in Pistacia vera hull is gallic acid and rutin, which has been identified by HPLC analysis. In this study, Pistacia vera hull essential oil analysis was performed by the GC-MS method, in which α-pinene, D-limonene, and isobornyl acetate compounds constitute the highest percentage of Pistacia vera hull essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolbanin Bakhshi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-615, Iran
| | - Ghodsieh Bagherzade
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-615, Iran
| | - Pouya Ghamari kargar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-615, Iran
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9
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Oesterle I, Braun D, Berry D, Wisgrill L, Rompel A, Warth B. Polyphenol Exposure, Metabolism, and Analysis: A Global Exposomics Perspective. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2021; 12:461-484. [PMID: 33351643 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-062220-090807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are generally known for their health benefits and estimating actual exposure levels in health-related studies can be improved by human biomonitoring. Here, the application of newly available exposomic and metabolomic technology, notably high-resolution mass spectrometry, in the context of polyphenols and their biotransformation products, is reviewed. Comprehensive workflows for investigating these important bioactives in biological fluids or microbiome-related experiments are scarce. Consequently, this new era of nontargeted analysis and omic-scale exposure assessment offers a unique chance for better assessing exposure to, as well as metabolism of, polyphenols. In clinical and nutritional trials, polyphenols can be investigated simultaneously with the plethora of other chemicals to which we are exposed, i.e., the exposome, which may interact abundantly and modulate bioactivity. This research direction aims at ultimately eluting into atrue systems biology/toxicology evaluation of health effects associated with polyphenol exposure, especially during early life, to unravel their potential for preventing chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Oesterle
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; , , .,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Dominik Braun
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; , ,
| | - David Berry
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; .,The Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Wisgrill
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Annette Rompel
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; , ,
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10
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Zhang X, Zhu D, Cheng Y, Zhang X, Guo X, Lin N, Zuo B. Preparation and Biocompatibility Characterization of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Films. J MACROMOL SCI B 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2021.1888491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Nan Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Baoqi Zuo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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11
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Kale S, Sarode LP, Kharat A, Ambulkar S, Prakash A, Sakharkar AJ, Ugale RR. Protocatechuic Acid Prevents Early Hour Ischemic Reperfusion Brain Damage by Restoring Imbalance of Neuronal Cell Death and Survival Proteins. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105507. [PMID: 33285352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuroprotective effect of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on cell death/survival protein imbalance in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. METHODS Focal ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult male Wistar rats and confirmed by measuring infarction of brain by 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Rats were treated with vehicle or PCA at 10, 30 or 50 mg/kg dose intraperitoneally and subjected to neurological deficits or beam walk assessment at 24 h of reperfusion. Effective dose of PCA (50 mg/kg) was administered at 1, 2 and 3 h time point of post-ictus ischemia. Cellular damage and nuclear condensation was observed by haematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining and Hoechst 33342 staining respectively. Additionally, immunohistochemical expression of caspase 3 and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and their mRNA's were observed. RESULTS PCA at 30 and 50 mg/kg significantly improved behavioural performance and reduced infarction. Maximum neuroprotective effect of PCA (50 mg/kg) was found at 1 h (early hours) post-ictus ischemia along with reduction in cellular damage and nuclear condensation. PCA increased CREB protein and it's mRNA, while suppressed caspase-3 protein and mRNA at 1 h of reperfusion injury. CONCLUSION PCA exhibit the potential to prevent early hour (1h) reperfusion injury restoring balance of survival and death protein may offer a cost effective adjuvant therapy in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Kale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Amravati Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440 033, India.
| | - Lopmudra P Sarode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Amravati Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440 033, India.
| | - Amol Kharat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Amravati Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440 033, India.
| | - Saurabh Ambulkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Amravati Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440 033, India.
| | - Anand Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India.
| | - Amul J Sakharkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
| | - Rajesh R Ugale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Amravati Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440 033, India.
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Novel approaches in anthocyanin research - Plant fortification and bioavailability issues. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Wu T, Fang X, Xu J, Jiang Y, Cao F, Zhao L. Synergistic Effects of Ginkgolide B and Protocatechuic Acid on the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173976. [PMID: 32878312 PMCID: PMC7504731 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract (EGB) has many pharmacological activities. In the quality standard of EGB, the main quality control indexes are total flavone (content ≥ 24%) and total lactone (content ≥ 6%). There are no specific limits for nearly 70% of "other components". In recent years, in order to pursue the production of a high-ketone ester, some enterprises removed the unwanted components, including some organic acids. Protocatechuic acid (PCA), as an important organic acid, has been reported to have a variety of biological activities. It is necessary to explore whether it can promote the biological activities of the main functional components of EGB. In this study, PCA was selected to be combined with Ginkgolide B (GB) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In vitro, rotenone (rot) was used to induce PC12 cells. The survival rate was tested by the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-dimethyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidase were detected to analyze the effects of drugs on oxidative stress. The apoptosis was tested via Western blot. The results show that the cell viability was increased, morphology was improved, the oxidative stress level decreased, and the apoptosis was inhibited after the combination treatment of GB and PCA, and the effect was better than GB or PCA alone. In vivo, MPTP (30 mg/kg) was used to induce Parkinson's disease (PD) in male C57BL/6 mice. The motor ability of the mice was measured by pole-climbing and the suspension. The injury of nerve cells was indicated by HE staining. Oxidative stress levels were tested via antioxidant enzyme activity. The number of dopaminergic neurons was reflected by TH staining. Results show that the combination treatment of GB and PCA could significantly restore the motor ability of PD mice, reduce the injury of nerve cells, improve the activity of the antioxidant enzyme in the brain tissue, and increase the expression of TH in the substantia nigra of midbrain. Our study shows that PCA increases the efficacy of GB (the main functional ingredient of EGB) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, which provides a new idea for the treatment of nervous system diseases and a new concept for the efficient utilization of active components in Ginkgo biloba leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.W.); (X.F.); (J.X.); (F.C.)
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xianying Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.W.); (X.F.); (J.X.); (F.C.)
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.W.); (X.F.); (J.X.); (F.C.)
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.W.); (X.F.); (J.X.); (F.C.)
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-025-85427544 (Y.J.); +86-025-85427962 (L.Z.)
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.W.); (X.F.); (J.X.); (F.C.)
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.W.); (X.F.); (J.X.); (F.C.)
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-025-85427544 (Y.J.); +86-025-85427962 (L.Z.)
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Younas A, Naqvi SA, Khan MR, Shabbir MA, Jatoi MA, Anwar F, Inam-Ur-Raheem M, Saari N, Aadil RM. Functional food and nutra-pharmaceutical perspectives of date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13332. [PMID: 32588917 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Date palm counts among the oldest fruit crops of the world and is mainly cultivated for its highly nutritious fruits consumed as a staple food in many countries, especially in the Gulf region. Dates are enriched with numerous therapeutic bioactives and functional compounds such as phenolics, flavonols, carotenoids, minerals, and vitamins that not only provide an appreciable amount of energy required for the human body but also act as an effective therapeutic agent against several diseases. This review aimed to provide a deep insight into the nutritional as well as phytochemicals profile of date fruit and its seeds in order to explore their biological (anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, cardio-protective, anti-inflammatory properties), functional food, and nutra-pharmaceutical attributes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This review provides updated information regarding the date fruits and seeds phytochemicals composition together with highlighting dates potential as a natural therapeutic agent against several diseases. The study also urges the importance of consuming dates as a great package to live a healthy life due to the functional food and nutraceutical properties of this valuable fruit. The study also provides information first time as recommending dates to cope with the hidden hunger or micronutrient deficiency faced by the third world inhabitants. Hence, the review may further help the industry and researchers to explore the potential of dates for future medicinal and nutra-pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atia Younas
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Summar A Naqvi
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Moazzam Rafiq Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim Shabbir
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Farooq Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Inam-Ur-Raheem
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazamid Saari
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Wang L, Brennan MA, Brennan CS. Improving antioxidant capacity of foods: adding mushroom powder to pasta. Pathology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-815972-9.00028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Anthocyanins and Their Metabolites as Therapeutic Agents for Neurodegenerative Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090333. [PMID: 31443476 PMCID: PMC6770078 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are characterized by the death of neurons within specific regions of the brain or spinal cord. While the etiology of many neurodegenerative diseases remains elusive, several factors are thought to contribute to the neurodegenerative process, such as oxidative and nitrosative stress, excitotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, protein aggregation, and neuroinflammation. These processes culminate in the death of vulnerable neuronal populations, which manifests symptomatically as cognitive and/or motor impairments. Until recently, most treatments for these disorders have targeted single aspects of disease pathology; however, this strategy has proved largely ineffective, and focus has now turned towards therapeutics which target multiple aspects underlying neurodegeneration. Anthocyanins are unique flavonoid compounds that have been shown to modulate several of the factors contributing to neuronal death, and interest in their use as therapeutics for neurodegeneration has grown in recent years. Additionally, due to observations that the bioavailability of anthocyanins is low relative to that of their metabolites, it has been proposed that anthocyanin metabolites may play a significant part in mediating the beneficial effects of an anthocyanin-rich diet. Thus, in this review, we will explore the evidence evaluating the neuroprotective and therapeutic potential of anthocyanins and their common metabolites for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Yuan Y, Duan R, Wu B, Huang W, Zhang X, Qu M, Liu T, Yu X. Gene expression profiles and bioinformatics analysis of insulin-like growth factor-1 promotion of osteogenic differentiation. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00921. [PMID: 31419079 PMCID: PMC7082822 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) promotes osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of IGF‐1 on proliferation, mineralization, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) synthesis, and gene expression of osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts cells, and to explore gene expression profiling differential genes. Methods MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts cells were cultured in medium with or without IGF‐1. The ALP assay was employed to determine the osteoblast mineralization, and Alizarin red S to stain for calcium deposits, which were the indicators of mature osteocytes. The living cell number was assessed by the Cell Counting Kit‐8 method. RNA‐seq analysis was applied to identify genes that were differentially expressed in with or without IGF‐1 as well as genes that varied between these two groups. The expression of osteogenic marker genes was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blot analysis. Result The cell number of osteoblasts exposed to IGF‐1 at 200 μg/L significantly increased compared with the control group. The ALP activity in IGF‐1‐treated cells was higher than that in the control group. IGF‐1 can increase ALP synthesis in osteoblasts in vitro. RNA‐seq analysis showed that 677 triggered differentially expressed genes by IGF, of which 383 genes were downregulated and 294 genes were upregulated. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that IGF‐1 caused a significant change in gene expression patterns. Conclusions This result suggested that IGF‐1 could probably promote the synthesis of organic matrix and mineralize action of bone. Osteogenic‐related genes (DMP1, PHEX, SOST, BMP2, RUNX2, OPN, and OCN) were significantly upregulated both in GO analysis and in pathway analysis to perform qRT‐PCR. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the Notch pathway was highly upregulated in MC3T3‐E1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashuai Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruimeng Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Baolin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingjia Qu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaobing Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
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3D culture of neural stem cells within conductive PEDOT layer-assembled chitosan/gelatin scaffolds for neural tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 93:890-901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Effects of Protocatechuic Acid (PCA) on Global Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Death. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051420. [PMID: 29747437 PMCID: PMC5983751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Global cerebral ischemia (GCI) is one of the main causes of hippocampal neuronal death. Ischemic damage can be rescued by early blood reperfusion. However, under some circumstances reperfusion itself can trigger a cell death process that is initiated by the reintroduction of blood, followed by the production of superoxide, a blood⁻brain barrier (BBB) disruption and microglial activation. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a major metabolite of the antioxidant polyphenols, which have been discovered in green tea. PCA has been shown to have antioxidant effects on healthy cells and anti-proliferative effects on tumor cells. To test whether PCA can prevent ischemia-induced hippocampal neuronal death, rats were injected with PCA (30 mg/kg/day) per oral (p.o) for one week after global ischemia. To evaluate degenerating neurons, oxidative stress, microglial activation and BBB disruption, we performed Fluoro-Jade B (FJB), 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE), CD11b, GFAP and IgG staining. In the present study, we found that PCA significantly decreased degenerating neuronal cell death, oxidative stress, microglial activation, astrocyte activation and BBB disruption compared with the vehicle-treated group after ischemia. In addition, an ischemia-induced reduction in glutathione (GSH) concentration in hippocampal neurons was recovered by PCA administration. Therefore, the administration of PCA may be further investigated as a promising tool for decreasing hippocampal neuronal death after global cerebral ischemia.
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Administration of Protocatechuic Acid Reduces Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Neuronal Death. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122510. [PMID: 29168791 PMCID: PMC5751113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA) was first purified from green tea and has shown numerous biological activities, including anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherosclerotic effects. The effect of PCA on traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced neuronal death has not previously been evaluated. TBI is defined as damage to the brain resulting from external mechanical force, such as rapid acceleration or deceleration, impact, blast waves, or penetration by a projectile. TBI causes neuronal death in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of PCA on TBI-induced neuronal death. Here, TBI was induced by a controlled cortical impact model using rats. PCA (30 mg/kg) was injected into the intraperitoneal (ip) space immediately after TBI. Neuronal death was evaluated with Fluoro Jade-B (FJB) staining at 24 h after TBI. Oxidative injury was detected by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE), glutathione (GSH) concentration was analyzed by glutathione adduct with N-ethylmaleimide (GS-NEM) staining at 24 h after TBI, and microglial activation in the hippocampus was detected by CD11b immunohistochemistry at one week after TBI. We found that the proportion of degenerating neurons, oxidative injury, GSH depletion, and microglia activation in the hippocampus and cortex were all reduced by PCA treatment following TBI. Therefore, our study suggests that PCA may have therapeutic potential in preventing TBI-induced neuronal death.
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Menezes VG, Santos JMS, Macedo TJS, Lins TLBG, Barberino RS, Gouveia BB, Bezerra MÉS, Cavalcante AYP, Queiroz MAA, Palheta RC, Matos MHT. Use of protocatechuic acid as the sole antioxidant in the base medium for in vitro culture of ovine isolated secondary follicles. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:890-898. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- VG Menezes
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - JMS Santos
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - TJS Macedo
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - TLBG Lins
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - RS Barberino
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - BB Gouveia
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - MÉS Bezerra
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - AYP Cavalcante
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - MAA Queiroz
- Laboratory of Bromatology and Animal Nutrition; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - RC Palheta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - MHT Matos
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
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Wang S, Guan S, Xu J, Li W, Ge D, Sun C, Liu T, Ma X. Neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the conductive PEDOT-HA/Cs/Gel scaffold for neural tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:2024-2034. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00633k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Engineering scaffolds with excellent electro-activity is increasingly important in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Wang
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shui Guan
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life Science and Medicine
- Dalian University of Technology
- Panjin 124221
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Li
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Ge
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Changkai Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehu Ma
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- People's Republic of China
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Yang WR, Zhu FW, Zhang JJ, Wang Y, Zhang JH, Lu C, Wang XZ. PI3K/Akt Activated by GPR30 and Src Regulates 17β-Estradiol-Induced Cultured Immature Boar Sertoli Cells Proliferation. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:57-66. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116649696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Rong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng-Wei Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-Hua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian-Zhong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing, China
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Gouveia B, Macedo T, Santos J, Barberino R, Menezes V, Müller M, Almeida J, Figueiredo J, Matos M. Supplemented base medium containing Amburana cearensis associated with FSH improves in vitro development of isolated goat preantral follicles. Theriogenology 2016; 86:1275-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Tseng YJ, Chou SW, Shyue JJ, Lin SY, Hsiao JK, Chou PT. A Versatile Theranostic Delivery Platform Integrating Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Computed Tomography, pH/cis-Diol Controlled Release, and Targeted Therapy. ACS NANO 2016; 10:5809-22. [PMID: 27163375 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b08130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The functions of biomedical imaging, cancer targeting, and controlled release of therapeutic agents were integrated into a drug delivery platform to proof its diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. This versatile nanocomposite is based on the strategic design of wormlike mesoporous silica nanocarriers that are decorated with extremely small iron oxide nanoparticles, having a prominent T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) signal. The controlled release function was then achieved through the grafting of polyalcohol saccharide derivative ligands onto the surfaces of mesoporous silica nanoparticles to conjugate with boronic acid functionalized gold nanoparticles, which acted as the gate and the source of computed tomography (CT) signals. This versatile platform thus exhibited a MRI/CT dual imaging property drawing on the strong points to offset the weaknesses of each, rendering more accurate diagnosis. The capping of gold nanoparticles controlled with the hydrolysis of boronate ester bonds provides the reversible opening/closing process, avoiding further release of drug once the nanocomposite leaves the cell or tissue. To endow this platform with targeting ability, protocatechuic acid was utilized as a linker to connect folic acid with the boronic acid of the gold nanoparticles. The anchor of targeting moiety, folic acid, enriched this platform and enhanced the specific cellular uptake toward cells with folate receptor. This integrated drug delivery platform was then loaded with the antitumor agent doxorubicin, demonstrating its power for targeted delivery, bioimaging, and controlled release chemotherapy to reduce the undesired side effects of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jui Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Wei Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jong Shyue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Kai Hsiao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei TzuChi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation , Taipei 23142, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University , Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Oruc S, Gönül Y, Tunay K, Oruc OA, Bozkurt MF, Karavelioğlu E, Bağcıoğlu E, Coşkun KS, Celik S. The antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of crocin pretreatment on global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury induced by four vessels occlusion in rats. Life Sci 2016; 154:79-86. [PMID: 27117584 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cerebral ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is a process in which oxidative and apoptotic mechanisms play a part. Neuroprotective agents to be found could work out well for the efficient and safe minimization of cerebral IR injury. Crocin is a strong antioxidant agent; however the influence of this agent on the experimental cerebral ischemia model has not been studied extensively and thus it is not well-known. The objective of our study was to investigate the antioxidant, antiapoptotic and protective effects of crocin on the global cerebral IR induced by four-vessel occlusion. MAIN METHODS A total of 30 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were equally and randomly separated into three groups as follows: sham, IR and IR+crocin (40mg/kg/day orally for 10days). 24h after electrocauterization of bilateral vertebral arteries, bilateral common carotid arteries were occluded for 30min and reperfused for 30min. Oxidative stress parameters (TAS, TOS, OSI), haematoxylin and eosin staining, caspase-3 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) expressions and TUNEL methods were investigated. KEY FINDINGS There was a significant difference between the IR and sham groups by means of OSI level, histopathological scoring, caspase-3, HIF-1α and TUNEL-positive cell parameters. We have also observed that pre-treatment with crocin reduced these parameter levels back to the baseline. SIGNIFICANCE The data obtained from the present study suggest that crocin may exert antiapoptotic, antioxidant and protective effects in IR-mediated brain injury induced by four-vessel occlusion. To the best of our knowledge, this would be the first study to be conducted in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Oruc
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Yücel Gönül
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Kamil Tunay
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Oya Akpinar Oruc
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fatih Bozkurt
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ergün Karavelioğlu
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Erman Bağcıoğlu
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Kerem Senol Coşkun
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Sefa Celik
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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T T, Raja S TK, R A, S. K S, A G. Handling and managing bleeding wounds using tissue adhesive hydrogel: a comparative assessment on two different hydrogels. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00284f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explores the preparation and a comparative assessment on the physical, mechanical and biological properties of two different tissue adhesive hydrogels (TAHs) for the management of bleeding wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruselvi T
- CSIR-CLRI (Central Leather Research Institute)
- Chennai-20
- India
| | | | - Aravindhan R
- CSIR-CLRI (Central Leather Research Institute)
- Chennai-20
- India
| | - Shanuja S. K
- CSIR-CLRI (Central Leather Research Institute)
- Chennai-20
- India
| | - Gnanamani A
- CSIR-CLRI (Central Leather Research Institute)
- Chennai-20
- India
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29
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Jing M, Liu Y, Song W, Yan Y, Yan W, Liu R. Oxidative damage induced by copper in mouse primary hepatocytes by single-cell analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1335-1343. [PMID: 26358217 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Copper can disturb the intracellular redox balance, induce oxidative stress, and subsequently cause irreversible damage, leading to a variety of diseases. In the present study, mouse primary hepatocytes were chosen to elucidate the in vitro oxidative damage of short-term copper exposure (10-200 μM) by single-cell analysis. We evaluated the toxicity of copper by reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), and oxidative DNA damage at the single-cell level. Oxidative damage induced by copper was verified by the morphological changes, persistent elevations of excessive ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA), a decrease in GSH level, and the oxidative DNA damage. Furthermore, the average ROS generation, GSH consumption, and the indicators in DNA damage did not significantly change at relatively low concentrations (10 or 50 μM), but we can find the alterations of parameters in some single cells clearly. Emphasis on the analysis of single cells is conducive to gain a better understanding on the toxicity of copper. This study will also complement studies on the environmental risk assessment of copper pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Jing
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 27 Shandanan Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbao Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
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Jiao ZJ, Yi W, Rong YW, Kee JD, Zhong WX. MicroRNA-1285 Regulates 17β-Estradiol-Inhibited Immature Boar Sertoli Cell Proliferation via Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Activation. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4059-70. [PMID: 26287402 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the capacity of 10 μM 17β-estradiol to inhibit immature boar Sertoli cell (SC) proliferation and the involvement of microRNA (miR)-1285 in this process. SC viability and cell cycle progression were investigated using a cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. Expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), S phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), and miR-1285 was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. 17β-Estradiol (10 μM) reduced SC viability and miR-1285 expression and promoted AMPK phosphorylation. A double-stranded synthetic miR-1285 mimic promoted SC viability, increased levels of ATP, and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Skp2 mRNA and protein, whereas p53 and p27 expression decreased, and 17β-estradiol-mediated effects on SCs were significantly attenuated. A single-stranded synthetic miR-1285 inhibitor produced the opposite effects on these measures. Activation of AMPK inhibited SC viability, reduced levels of ATP, phosphorylated mTOR and Skp2 mRNA and protein, and increased p53 and p27 expression. An AMPK inhibitor (compound C) attenuated the effects of 17β-estradiol on SCs. This indicated that 17β-estradiol (10 μM) reduced SC proliferation by inhibiting miR-1285 and thus activating AMPK. Phosphorylated AMPK is involved in the regulation of 17β-estradiol-mediated inhibition of SC viability through increasing p53 and p27 expression and inhibiting mTOR and Skp2 expression. Our findings also implicated Skp2 as the downstream integration point of p53 and mTOR. These findings indicated that miR-1285 may represent a target for the manipulation of boar sperm production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Jiao Jiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore (Z.J.J., W.Y., Y.W.R., W.X.Z.), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; and Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory (Z.J.J., J.D.K.), Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690756, South Korea
| | - Wang Yi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore (Z.J.J., W.Y., Y.W.R., W.X.Z.), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; and Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory (Z.J.J., J.D.K.), Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690756, South Korea
| | - Yang Wei Rong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore (Z.J.J., W.Y., Y.W.R., W.X.Z.), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; and Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory (Z.J.J., J.D.K.), Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690756, South Korea
| | - Jeong Dong Kee
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore (Z.J.J., W.Y., Y.W.R., W.X.Z.), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; and Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory (Z.J.J., J.D.K.), Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690756, South Korea
| | - Wang Xian Zhong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore (Z.J.J., W.Y., Y.W.R., W.X.Z.), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; and Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory (Z.J.J., J.D.K.), Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690756, South Korea
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Amburana cearensis leaf extract maintains survival and promotes in vitro development of ovine secondary follicles. ZYGOTE 2015; 24:277-85. [PMID: 26083197 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199415000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant properties of Amburana cearensis extract may be a useful substitute for standard cell culture medium. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of this extract, with or without supplementation, on in vitro survival and development of sheep isolated secondary follicles. After collection of the ovaries, secondary follicles were isolated and cultured for 18 days in α-MEM+ supplemented with bovine serum albumin, insulin, transferrin, selenium, glutamine, hypoxanthine and ascorbic acid (control medium) or into medium composed of different concentrations of A. cearensis extract without supplements (Amb 0.1; 0.2 or 0.4 mg/ml) or A. cearensis extract supplemented with the same substances described above for α-MEM+ supplementation. The A. cearensis supplemented medium was named Amb 0.1+; 0.2+ or 0.4+ mg/ml. There were more morphologically normal follicles in Amb 0.1 or Amb 0.4 mg/ml than in the control medium (α-MEM+) after 18 days of culture. Moreover, the percentage of antrum formation was significantly higher in Amb 0.1 or Amb 0.2 mg/ml than in α-MEM+ and Amb 0.1+ mg/ml, and similar to the other treatments. All A. cearensis extract media induced a progressive and significant increase in follicular diameter throughout the culture period. In conclusion, this study showed that 0.1 mg/ml of this extract, without supplementation, maintains follicular survival and promotes the development of ovine isolated secondary follicles in vitro. This extract can be an alternative culture medium for preantral follicle development.
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Characterization and Cytotoxicity of PM<0.2, PM0.2-2.5 and PM2.5-10 around MSWI in Shanghai, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:5076-89. [PMID: 25985309 PMCID: PMC4454955 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120505076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential impact of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), which is an anthropogenic source of aerosol emissions, is of great public health concern. This study investigated the characterization and cytotoxic effects of ambient ultrafine particles (PM<0.2), fine particles (PM0.2-2.5) and coarse particles (PM2.5-10) collected around a municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plant in the Pudong district of Shanghai. METHODS Mass concentrations of trace elements in particulate matter (PM) samples were determined using ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry). The cytotoxicity of sampled atmospheric PM was evaluated by cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in A549 cells. RESULT The mass percentage of PM0.2-2.5 accounted for 72.91% of the total mass of PM. Crustal metals (Mg, Al, and Ti) were abundant in the coarse particles, while the anthropogenic elements (V, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) were dominant in the fine particles. The enrichment factors of Zn, Cd and Pb in the fine and ultrafine particles were extremely high (>100). The cytotoxicity of the size-resolved particles was in the order of coarse particles < fine particles < ultrafine particles. CONCLUSIONS Fine particles dominated the MSWI ambient particles. Emissions from the MSWI could bring contamination of anthropogenic elements (Zn, Cd and Pb) into ambient environment. The PM around the MSWI plant displayed an additive toxic effect, and the ultrafine and fine particles possessed higher biological toxicity than the coarse particles.
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Yang WR, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang JJ, Zhang JH, Lu C, Wang XZ. mTOR is involved in 17β-estradiol-induced, cultured immature boar Sertoli cell proliferation via regulating the expression of SKP2, CCND1, and CCNE1. Mol Reprod Dev 2015; 82:305-14. [PMID: 25739982 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is known to be involved in mammalian cell proliferation, while S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) plays a vital role in the cell cycle. Within the testis, estrogen also plays an important role in Sertoli cell proliferation, although it is not clear how. The present study asked if mTOR is involved in 17β-estradiol-dependent Sertoli cell proliferation. We specifically assessed if extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and/or phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) exert convergent effects toward the activation of mTOR signaling, and if this signaling regulates the expression of SKP2 through retinoblastoma (RB) and early mitotic inhibitor 1 (EMI1) protein and on CCNE1 and CCND1 mRNA levels. Treatment with 17β-estradiol for 15-90 min activated mTOR, with mTOR phosphorylation peaking after 30 min. U0126 (5 μM), a specific inhibitor of (MEK1/2), and 10-DEBC (2 μM), a selective inhibitor of AKT, both significantly reduced 17β-estradiol-induced phosphorylation of mTOR. Rapamycin suppressed 17β-estradiol-induced Sertoli cell proliferation, appearing to act by reducing the abundance of SKP2, CCND1, and CCNE1 mRNA as well as RB and EMI1 protein. These data indicated that 17β-estradiol enhances Sertoli cell proliferation via mTOR activation, which involves both ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling. Activated mTOR subsequently increases SKP2 mRNA and protein expression by enhancing the expression of CCND1 and CCNE1, and inhibits SKP2 protein degradation by increasing EMI1 abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Rong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Luo L, Wei Q, Liu L, Lin X, Lin C, Zheng LI, Zhao J. Protocatechuic acid benefits proliferation and phenotypic maintenance of rabbit articular chondrocytes: An in vitro study. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1865-1870. [PMID: 26136906 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous antioxidants exhibit antiarthritic effects due to their inhibitory effect on inflammatory factors. Certain antioxidants, such as protocatechuic acid (PCA) and its analogs, have been reported to be effective in the treatment of arthritis. However, the effect of PCA on chondro-protection may be alleviated due to the induction of apoptosis, as has been demonstrated in stomatocytes. To clearly determine the effect of PCA on the biological and cellular metabolism of rabbit articular chondrocytes in vitro, examinations of cytotoxicity, proliferation and morphology were performed, in addition to analyses of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis and the expression of cartilage-specific genes. The results revealed that PCA effectively promoted chondrocyte growth, the synthesis of the extracellular matrix and the mRNA expression of aggrecan, collagen II and Sox9, while downregulating the expression of the collagen I gene, a marker of chondrocyte dedifferentiation. In addition, hypertrophy, which may result in chondrocyte ossification, was not detected in the groups. Among the doses (range, 0.05-0.3 mmol/l) of PCA that promoted the proliferation of chondrocytes, a concentration of 0.125 mmol/l produced the optimum performance. The results indicated that PCA, particularly at a dose of 0.125 mmol/l, accelerated the proliferation of rabbit articular chondrocytes in vitro and maintained their phenotype. This study may provide a basis for further research concerning the treatment of cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Like Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China ; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qingjun Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China ; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China ; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P.R. China ; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530022, P.R. China
| | - Cuiwu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P.R. China
| | - L I Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China ; The Medical and Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China ; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Pharmacological properties of protocatechuic Acid and its potential roles as complementary medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:593902. [PMID: 25737736 PMCID: PMC4337037 DOI: 10.1155/2015/593902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the reported pharmacological properties of protocatechuic acid (PCA, 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid), a type of phenolic acid found in many food plants such as olives and white grapes. PCA is a major metabolite of anthocyanin. The pharmacological actions of PCA have been shown to include strong in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity. In in vivo experiments using rats and mice, PCA has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory as well as antihyperglycemic and antiapoptotic activities. Furthermore, PCA has been shown to inhibit chemical carcinogenesis and exert proapoptotic and antiproliferative effects in different cancerous tissues. Moreover, in vitro studies have shown PCA to have antimicrobial activities and also to exert synergistic interaction with some antibiotics against resistant pathogens. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the pharmacological properties of PCA reported to date with an emphasis on its biological properties and mechanisms of action which could be therapeutically useful in a clinical setting.
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Thirupathi Kumara Raja S, Thiruselvi T, Aravindhan R, Mandal AB, Gnanamani A. In vitro and in vivo assessments of a 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid bioconjugated gelatin-based injectable hydrogel for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2014; 3:1230-1244. [PMID: 32264474 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Imparting functional properties on a biomaterial for high end applications is always a challenging task. In the present study, an attempt was made to construct an injectable hydrogel through bioconjugation of dihydroxy phenolic acids to a gelatin backbone. Bioconjugating caffeic acid with gelatin followed by oxidation with mild oxidation agents provided a hydrogel with all the requisite properties (biocompatibility, controlled biodegradability, and antioxidant, antimicrobial and wound healing ability). Bioconjugation was performed using EDC/NHS and the resultant gel named as caffeic acid bioconjugated gel (CBG gel). The physicochemical, rheological, swelling, in vitro (biocompatibility, biodegradability, antimicrobial properties, antioxidant properties and drug release properties) and in vivo (biocompatibility, biodegradability and wound healing properties) studies on the CBG gel were carried out using standard protocols. The bioconjugation was confirmed by 1H NMR and UV-Vis analysis. Rheological analysis of the CBG gel revealed that the storage modulus was greater than the loss modulus at all the frequencies and suggested the elastic nature of the gel. About 50% weight gain within 12 hours during swelling studies and 50% weight loss within 12 hours during evaporation suggested the suitability of the CBG gel as a drug carrier. The drug release studies implied that there was an initial burst and later the release was sustained. The CBG gel promotes cell migration and demonstrates radical scavenging behavior. When subcutaneously injected into the animal, as in situ CBG gel, the gel was highly biocompatible and did not cause any necrosis. The crosstalk with adjacent tissue cells was smooth and the gel completely degraded within 24 days. The wound healing efficacy on full-thickness wounds suggested that the CBG gel accelerated healing and imparted high strength on the healed skin at an appreciable level. With all these additional functional properties, the CBG gel could be useful for biomedical applications.
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Lei S, Zhang P, Li W, Gao M, He X, Zheng J, Li X, Wang X, Wang N, Zhang J, Qi C, Lu H, Chen X, Liu Y. Pre- and posttreatment with edaravone protects CA1 hippocampus and enhances neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of dentate gyrus after transient global cerebral ischemia in rats. ASN Neuro 2014; 6:6/6/1759091414558417. [PMID: 25388889 PMCID: PMC4357607 DOI: 10.1177/1759091414558417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Edaravone is clinically used for treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction. However, the effect of double application of edaravone on neurogenesis in the hippocampus following ischemia remains unknown. In the present study, we explored whether pre- and posttreatment of edaravone had any effect on neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in the subgranular zone of hippocampus in a rat model of transient global cerebral ischemia and elucidated the potential mechanism of its effects. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated (n = 15), control (n = 15), and edaravone-treated (n = 15) groups. Newly generated cells were labeled by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect neurogenesis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling was used to detect cell apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by 2,7-dichlorofluorescien diacetate assay in NSPCs in vitro. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and cleaved caspase-3 proteins were quantified by western blot analysis. Treatment with edaravone significantly increased the number of NSPCs and newly generated neurons in the subgranular zone (p < .05). Treatment with edaravone also decreased apoptosis of NSPCs (p < .01). Furthermore, treatment with edaravone significantly decreased ROS generation and inhibited HIF-1α and cleaved caspase-3 protein expressions. These findings indicate that pre- and posttreatment with edaravone enhances neurogenesis by protecting NSPCs from apoptosis in the hippocampus, which is probably mediated by decreasing ROS generation and inhibiting protein expressions of HIF-1α and cleaved caspase-3 after cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Weisong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cunfang Qi
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
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38
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Song K, Ge D, Guan S, Sun C, Ma X, Liu T. Mass transfer analysis of growth and substance metabolism of NSCs cultured in collagen-based scaffold in vitro. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:2114-30. [PMID: 25163884 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the growth and substance metabolism of neural stem cells (NSCs) cultured in biological collagen-based scaffolds. Mass transfer and metabolism model of glucose, lactic acid, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were established and solved on MATLAB platform to obtain the concentration distributions of DO, glucose, and lactic acid in culture system, respectively. Calculation results showed that the DO influenced their normal growth and metabolism of NSCs mostly in the in vitro culture within collagen-based scaffolds. This study also confirmed that 2-mm thickness of collagen scaffold was capable of in vitro cultivation and growth of NSCs with an inoculating density of 1 × 10(6) cells/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China,
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Deng JS, Lee SD, Kuo WW, Fan MJ, Lin YM, Hu WS, Huang YC, Velmurugan BK, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Huang CY. Anti-apoptotic and pro-survival effect of protocatechuic acid on hypertensive hearts. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 209:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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40
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Tang XL, Liu JX, Dong W, Li P, Li L, Lin CR, Zheng YQ, Cong WH, Hou JC. The Cardioprotective Effect of Protocatechuic Acid on Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 125:176-83. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13247fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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41
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Simultaneous determination of five phenolic components and paeoniflorin in rat plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Cerebralcare granule®. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 86:82-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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42
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Xue XY, Liao MJ, Lin LF, Zhang Z, Zhou XW, Zhou X, Luo HM. Phosphorylation of Akt is involved in protocatechuic acid-induced neurotrophic activity. Neurol Res 2013; 34:901-7. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132812y.0000000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Xue
- Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, China
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Jing Liao
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Feng Lin
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhou
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Min Luo
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Brain SciencesJinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and HealthJinan University and the University of Hong Kong, Guangzhou, China
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Kim JH, Kim GH, Hwang KH. Monoamine Oxidase and Dopamine β-Hydroxylase Inhibitors from the Fruits of Gardenia jasminoides. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 20:214-9. [PMID: 24116298 PMCID: PMC3792221 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.2.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This research was designed to determine what components of Gardenia jasminoides play a major role in inhibiting the enzymes related antidepressant activity of this plant. In our previous research, the ethyl acetate fraction of G. jasminosides fruits inhibited the activities of both monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), and oral administration of the ethanolic extract slightly increased serotonin concentrations in the brain tissues of rats and decreased MAO-B activity. In addition, we found through in vitro screening test that the ethyl acetate fraction showed modest inhibitory activity on dopamine-β hydroxylase (DBH). The bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of five bio-active compounds, protocatechuic acid (1), geniposide (2), 6'-O-trans-p-coumaroylgeniposide (3), 3,5-d-ihydroxy-1,7-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) heptanes (4), and ursolic acid (5), from the ethyl acetate fraction of G. jasminoides fruits. The isolated compounds showed different inhibitory potentials against MAO-A, -B, and DBH. Protocatechuic acid showed potent inhibition against MAO-B (IC50 300 μmol/L) and DBH (334 μmol/L), exhibiting weak MAO-A inhibition (2.41 mmol/L). Two iridoid glycosides, geniposide (223 μmol/L) and 6'-O-trans-p-coumaroylgeniposide (127μmol/L), were selective MAO-B inhibitor. Especially, 6'-O-trans-p-coumaroylgeniposide exhibited more selective MAO-B inhibition than deprenyl, well-known MAO-B inhibitor for the treatment of early-stage Parkinson’s disease. The inhibitory activity of 3,5-di-hydroxy-1,7-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) heptane was strong for MAO-B (196 μmol/L), modest for MAO-A (400 μmol/L), and weak for DBH (941 μmol/L). Ursolic acid exhibited significant inhibition of DBH (214 μmol/L), weak inhibition of MAO-B (780 μmol/L), and no inhibition against MAO-A. Consequently, G. jasminoides fruits are considerable for development of biofunctional food materials for the combination treatment of depression and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ho Kim
- Daewong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Yongin 449-814
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Qu X, Liu T, Song K, Li X, Ge D. Differentiation of reprogrammed human adipose mesenchymal stem cells toward neural cells with defined transcription factors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 439:552-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wang XY, Ma XH, Li W, Chu Y, Guo JH, Zhou SP, Zhu YH. Simultaneous Quantitative Determination of Six Active Components in Traditional Chinese Medicinal Preparation Cerebralcare Granule(R) by RP-HPLC Coupled with Diode Array Detection for Quality Control. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:814-7. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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46
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Mishra S, Sachan A, Sachan SG. Production of natural value-added compounds: an insight into the eugenol biotransformation pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 40:545-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
During the past few years, the production of natural value-added compounds from microbial sources has gained tremendous importance. Due to an increase in consumer demand for natural products, various food and pharmaceutical industries are continuously in search of novel metabolites obtained from microbial biotransformation. The exploitation of microbial biosynthetic pathways is both feasible and cost effective in the production of natural compounds. The environmentally compatible nature of these products is one major reason for their increasing demand. Novel approaches for natural product biogeneration will take advantage of the current studies on biotechnology, biochemical pathways and microbiology. The interest of the scientific community has shifted toward the use of microbial bioconversion for the production of valuable compounds from natural substrates. The present review focuses on eugenol biotransformation by microorganisms resulting in the formation of various value-added products such as ferulic acid, coniferyl alcohol, vanillin and vanillic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Mishra
- grid.462084.c 0000000122167125 Department of Biotechnology Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra 835 215 Ranchi India
| | - Ashish Sachan
- grid.462084.c 0000000122167125 Department of Biotechnology Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra 835 215 Ranchi India
| | - Shashwati Ghosh Sachan
- grid.462084.c 0000000122167125 Department of Biotechnology Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra 835 215 Ranchi India
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Del Rio D, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Spencer JPE, Tognolini M, Borges G, Crozier A. Dietary (poly)phenolics in human health: structures, bioavailability, and evidence of protective effects against chronic diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1818-92. [PMID: 22794138 PMCID: PMC3619154 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1545] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human intervention trials have provided evidence for protective effects of various (poly)phenol-rich foods against chronic disease, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. While there are considerable data suggesting benefits of (poly)phenol intake, conclusions regarding their preventive potential remain unresolved due to several limitations in existing studies. Bioactivity investigations using cell lines have made an extensive use of both (poly)phenolic aglycones and sugar conjugates, these being the typical forms that exist in planta, at concentrations in the low-μM-to-mM range. However, after ingestion, dietary (poly)phenolics appear in the circulatory system not as the parent compounds, but as phase II metabolites, and their presence in plasma after dietary intake rarely exceeds nM concentrations. Substantial quantities of both the parent compounds and their metabolites pass to the colon where they are degraded by the action of the local microbiota, giving rise principally to small phenolic acid and aromatic catabolites that are absorbed into the circulatory system. This comprehensive review describes the different groups of compounds that have been reported to be involved in human nutrition, their fate in the body as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract and are absorbed into the circulatory system, the evidence of their impact on human chronic diseases, and the possible mechanisms of action through which (poly)phenol metabolites and catabolites may exert these protective actions. It is concluded that better performed in vivo intervention and in vitro mechanistic studies are needed to fully understand how these molecules interact with human physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Del Rio
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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48
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Li W, Yu M, Luo S, Liu H, Gao Y, Wilson JX, Huang G. DNA methyltransferase mediates dose-dependent stimulation of neural stem cell proliferation by folate. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1295-301. [PMID: 23332600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The proliferative response of neural stem cells (NSCs) to folate may play a critical role in the development, function and repair of the central nervous system. It is important to determine the dose-dependent effects of folate in NSC cultures that are potential sources of transplantable cells for therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. To determine the optimal concentration and mechanism of action of folate for stimulation of NSC proliferation in vitro, NSCs were exposed to folic acid or 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) (0-200 μmol/L) for 24, 48 or 72 h. Immunocytochemistry and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay showed that the optimal concentration of folic acid for NSC proliferation was 20-40 μmol/L. Stimulation of NSC proliferation by folic acid was associated with DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activation and was attenuated by the DNMT inhibitor zebularine, which implies that folate dose-dependently stimulates NSC proliferation through a DNMT-dependent mechanism. Based on these new findings and previously published evidence, we have identified a mechanism by which folate stimulates NSC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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49
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Corcoran MP, McKay DL, Blumberg JB. Flavonoid basics: chemistry, sources, mechanisms of action, and safety. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 31:176-89. [PMID: 22888837 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2012.698219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In our efforts to understand how various dietary factors can influence the risk and progression of chronic disease, much recent research has focused on phytochemicals. Phytochemicals are defined as nonessential nutrients found in plant-based food, many of which have been established as bioactive and thus may affect human health. The largest group of phytochemicals is the polyphenols, comprised principally of the flavonoids, which are characterized chemically by two benzene rings joined by a linear carbon chain. Evidence from observational studies indicates that regular consumption of foods containing flavonoids may reduce the risk several chronic conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis, and certain forms of cancer. These results have generated considerable interest in flavonoids, although much basic information about their nutrient characteristics in humans remains limited, e.g., their bioavailability and metabolism, interactions with other dietary factors, mechanisms of action, and intakes associated with specific health outcomes. Although flavonoids are commonly defined as dietary antioxidants and their putative health benefits commonly attributed to this mechanism, it now appears their principal actions are mediated in vivo via other biochemical and molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Corcoran
- John Hancock Research Center on Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Obesity Prevention, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
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50
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Tang Y, Zhang Y, Li W, Guo S, Zhu M, Su S, Zhang L, Ding A, Duan JA. COMPARATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF TEN AROMATIC ACIDS IN SIWU SERIES DECOCTIONS AND THEIR CONSTITUTING HERBS BY HPLC-DAD METHOD. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.633677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Tang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Weixia Li
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Sheng Guo
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Min Zhu
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Shulan Su
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Li Zhang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Anwei Ding
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Jin-ao Duan
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
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