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JNJ-67569762, A 2-Aminotetrahydropyridine-Based Selective BACE1 Inhibitor Targeting the S3 Pocket: From Discovery to Clinical Candidate. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14175-14191. [PMID: 34553934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a novel 2-aminotetrahydropyridine class of BACE1 inhibitors is described. Their pKa and lipophilicity were modulated by a pending sulfonyl group, while good permeability and brain penetration were achieved via intramolecular hydrogen bonding. BACE1 selectivity over BACE2 was achieved in the S3 pocket by a novel bicyclic ring system. An optimization addressing reactive metabolite formation, cardiovascular safety, and CNS toxicity is described, leading to the clinical candidate JNJ-67569762 (12), which gave robust dose-dependent BACE1-mediated amyloid β lowering without showing BACE2-dependent hair depigmentation in preclinical models. We show that 12 has a favorable projected human dose and PK and hence presented us with an opportunity to test a highly selective BACE1 inhibitor in humans. However, 12 was found to have a QT effect upon repeat dosing in dogs and its development was halted in favor of other selective leads, which will be reported in the future.
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2
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Gunesch AP, Zapatero-Belinchón FJ, Pinkert L, Steinmann E, Manns MP, Schneider G, Pietschmann T, Brönstrup M, von Hahn T. Filovirus Antiviral Activity of Cationic Amphiphilic Drugs Is Associated with Lipophilicity and Ability To Induce Phospholipidosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:e00143-20. [PMID: 32513799 PMCID: PMC7526846 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00143-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) have been found to inhibit cell entry of filoviruses and other enveloped viruses. Structurally unrelated CADs may have antiviral activity, yet the underlying common mechanism and structure-activity relationship are incompletely understood. We aimed to understand how widespread antiviral activity is among CADs and which structural and physico-chemical properties are linked to entry inhibition. We measured inhibition of Marburg virus pseudoparticle (MARVpp) cell entry by 45 heterogeneous and mostly FDA-approved CADs and cytotoxicity in EA.hy926 cells. We analyzed correlation of antiviral activity with four chemical properties: pKa, hydrophobicity (octanol/water partitioning coefficient; ClogP), molecular weight, and distance between the basic group and hydrophobic ring structures. Additionally, we quantified drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIPL) of a CAD subset by flow cytometry. Structurally similar compounds (derivatives) and those with similar chemical properties but unrelated structures (analogues) to those of strong inhibitors were obtained by two in silico similarity search approaches and tested for antiviral activity. Overall, 11 out of 45 (24%) CADs inhibited MARVpp by 40% or more. The strongest antiviral compounds were dronedarone, triparanol, and quinacrine. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed highly significant correlations between antiviral activity, hydrophobicity (ClogP > 4), and DIPL. Moreover, pKa and intramolecular distance between hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties correlated with antiviral activity but to a lesser extent. We also showed that in contrast to analogues, derivatives had antiviral activity similar to that of the seed compound dronedarone. Overall, one-quarter of CADs inhibit MARVpp entry in vitro, and antiviral activity of CADs mostly relies on their hydrophobicity yet is promoted by the individual structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia P Gunesch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Francisco J Zapatero-Belinchón
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lukas Pinkert
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas von Hahn
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Semmelweis University, Hamburg, Germany
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Gijsen HJM, Alonso de Diego SA, De Cleyn M, García-Molina A, Macdonald GJ, Martínez-Lamenca C, Oehlrich D, Prokopcova H, Rombouts FJR, Surkyn M, Trabanco AA, Van Brandt S, Van den Bossche D, Van Gool M, Austin N, Borghys H, Dhuyvetter D, Moechars D. Optimization of 1,4-Oxazine β-Secretase 1 (BACE1) Inhibitors Toward a Clinical Candidate. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5292-5303. [PMID: 29809004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, the introduction of electron withdrawing groups to 1,4-oxazine BACE1 inhibitors reduced the p Ka of the amidine group, resulting in compound 2 that showed excellent in vivo efficacy, lowering Aβ levels in brain and CSF. However, a suboptimal cardiovascular safety margin, based on QTc prolongation, prevented further progression. Further optimization resulted in the replacement of the 2-fluoro substituent by a CF3-group, which reduced hERG inhibition. This has led to compound 3, with an improved cardiovascular safety margin and sufficiently safe in GLP toxicity studies to progress into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrie J M Gijsen
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen Pharmaceutica NV , Turnhoutseweg 30 , B-2340 Beerse , Belgium
| | - Sergio A Alonso de Diego
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen-Cilag SA , C/Jarama 75A , 45007 Toledo , Spain
| | - Michel De Cleyn
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen Pharmaceutica NV , Turnhoutseweg 30 , B-2340 Beerse , Belgium
| | - Aránzazu García-Molina
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen-Cilag SA , C/Jarama 75A , 45007 Toledo , Spain
| | - Gregor J Macdonald
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen Pharmaceutica NV , Turnhoutseweg 30 , B-2340 Beerse , Belgium
| | - Carolina Martínez-Lamenca
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen Pharmaceutica NV , Turnhoutseweg 30 , B-2340 Beerse , Belgium
| | - Daniel Oehlrich
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen Pharmaceutica NV , Turnhoutseweg 30 , B-2340 Beerse , Belgium
| | - Hana Prokopcova
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen Pharmaceutica NV , Turnhoutseweg 30 , B-2340 Beerse , Belgium
| | - Frederik J R Rombouts
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen Pharmaceutica NV , Turnhoutseweg 30 , B-2340 Beerse , Belgium
| | - Michel Surkyn
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen Pharmaceutica NV , Turnhoutseweg 30 , B-2340 Beerse , Belgium
| | - Andrés A Trabanco
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen-Cilag SA , C/Jarama 75A , 45007 Toledo , Spain
| | - Sven Van Brandt
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen Pharmaceutica NV , Turnhoutseweg 30 , B-2340 Beerse , Belgium
| | - Dries Van den Bossche
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen Pharmaceutica NV , Turnhoutseweg 30 , B-2340 Beerse , Belgium
| | - Michiel Van Gool
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen-Cilag SA , C/Jarama 75A , 45007 Toledo , Spain
| | - Nigel Austin
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen Pharmaceutica NV , Turnhoutseweg 30 , B-2340 Beerse , Belgium
| | - Herman Borghys
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen Pharmaceutica NV , Turnhoutseweg 30 , B-2340 Beerse , Belgium
| | - Deborah Dhuyvetter
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen Pharmaceutica NV , Turnhoutseweg 30 , B-2340 Beerse , Belgium
| | - Diederik Moechars
- Neuroscience Biology, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen Pharmaceutica NV , Turnhoutseweg 30 , B-2340 Beerse , Belgium
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Ma JY, Snook S, Garrovillo S, Johnson C, La D. An Immunohistochemical Investigation of Renal Phospholipidosis and Toxicity in Rats. Int J Toxicol 2017; 36:386-394. [PMID: 28820006 DOI: 10.1177/1091581817726040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical staining for the lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP-2) has been proposed previously as an alternative to electron microscopy to identify hepatic phospholipidosis. This study used LAMP-2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) to diagnose phospholipidosis in rats exhibiting renal tubular injury. Rats were administered toreforant, a histamine H4 receptor antagonist by oral gavage at a dose of 3, 10, or 100 mg/kg/d for 6 months. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed renal tubular epithelial cell vacuolation, hypertrophy, degeneration, and luminal dilation in the 100 mg/kg/d group animals. Renal tubular injury was confirmed using kidney injury marker 1 (KIM-1) IHC. The involvement of phosopholipidosis in the renal injury was investigated by LAMP-2. Adipophilin IHC was included to differentiate phospholipidosis from lipidosis. Increased LAMP-2 staining was observed in the 100 mg/kg/d group animals when compared to vehicle group animals. Lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 staining was most prominent in the outer stripe of the outer medulla where KIM-1 staining was also most prominent. By contrast, adipophilin staining was not increased. Phospholipidosis was also confirmed by electron microscopy. These data support the use of LAMP-2 IHC as a diagnostic tool and suggest an association between phospholipidosis and the renal tubular injury caused by toreforant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ying Ma
- 1 Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Snook
- 1 Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - David La
- 1 Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
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5
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Smyej I, De Jonghe S, Looszova A, Mannens G, Verhaeghe T, Thijssen S, Starckx S, Lampo A, Rouan MC. Dose- and Time-dependency of the Toxicity and Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Bedaquiline and Its N-desmethyl Metabolite in Dogs. Toxicol Pathol 2017; 45:663-675. [PMID: 28789609 DOI: 10.1177/0192623317723085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bedaquiline (BDQ) is an antibiotic to treat pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Studies up to 39 weeks were conducted orally in dogs to assess the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of BDQ and its N-desmethyl metabolite (D-BDQ). Phospholipidosis (PLD) seen in the monocytic phagocytic system was considered an adaptive change. Skeletal muscle, heart, stomach, liver, and pancreas toxicities with D-BDQ as the main contributor were associated with a less-than-dose-proportional increase in plasma exposure and an overproportional tissue uptake of BDQ and D-BDQ at high-dose levels. Tissue concentrations of BDQ and D-BDQ slowly decreased after lowering the dose, contributing to the recovery of the pathological findings. Treatment was better tolerated at mid-dose levels, characterized by a dose-proportional increase in plasma and tissue exposures. Treatment at a low dose, reaching exposures approximating therapeutic exposures, was without adverse effects and not associated with PLD. There was no evidence of delayed toxicities after treatment cessation. Intermittent dosing was better tolerated at high doses. Since MDR-TB patients are dosed within the linear plasma exposure range and plasma levels of BDQ and D-BDQ are similar or lower than in dogs, PLD and adverse findings related to tissue accumulation that occurred at high doses in dogs are unlikely to occur in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Smyej
- 1 Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sandra De Jonghe
- 1 Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Adriana Looszova
- 1 Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Geert Mannens
- 1 Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tom Verhaeghe
- 1 Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sandy Thijssen
- 1 Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sofie Starckx
- 1 Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ann Lampo
- 1 Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marie-Claude Rouan
- 1 Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
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6
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Przybylak KR, Alzahrani AR, Cronin MTD. How Does the Quality of Phospholipidosis Data Influence the Predictivity of Structural Alerts? J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:2224-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ci500233k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna R. Przybylak
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, England
| | - Abdullah Rzgallah Alzahrani
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, England
| | - Mark T. D. Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, England
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7
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Choi SS, Kim JS, Valerio LG, Sadrieh N. In silico modeling to predict drug-induced phospholipidosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 269:195-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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A fluorogenic phospholipid for the detection of lysosomal phospholipase A2 activity. Anal Biochem 2012; 434:78-83. [PMID: 23146589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal phospholipase A2 (group XV PLA2, LPLA2) is a lysosomal enzyme linked to drug-induced phospholipidosis. We developed phospholipid "smart probes" based on the conversion of a quenched fluorogenic substrate to a fluorescent product. Due to the preference of LPLA2 for phosphatidylglycerol, three fluorogenic phosphatidylglycerols were synthesized. Two fluorogenic phosphatidylglycerols were conjugated with one FAM (fluorescein amidite) group and one DABCYL [4-(4-dimethylaminophenylazo)-benzoyl] group; the third substrate consisted of two FAM groups conjugated at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. The sn-1 ester linkage was replaced with an amide linkage. 1-FAM-2-DABCYL-PG was degraded by recombinant LPLA2 and mouse serum but not by the serum obtained from LPLA2-deficient mice when 1,2-dioleoyl-PG/1-FAM-2-DABCYL-PG liposomes were used. The formation of 1-FAM-lyso-PG generated from 1-FAM-2-DABCYL-PG in the presence of LPLA2 was quantitatively determined by fluorescent measurements. The 1-FAM-2-DABCYL-PG incorporated into 1,2-dioleoyl-phosphatidylcholine/sulfatide liposomes was used to evaluate the effect of the cationic amphiphilic drugs amiodarone and fluoxetine on LPLA2 activity. The IC(50) values of amiodarone and fluoxetine estimated by fluorescent measurement were 10 and 19μM, respectively. These results indicate that 1-FAM-2-DABCYL-PG is a specific substrate for LPLA2 and a useful reagent for the detection of LPLA2 activity from multiple sources.
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9
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Muehlbacher M, Tripal P, Roas F, Kornhuber J. Identification of drugs inducing phospholipidosis by novel in vitro data. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1925-34. [PMID: 22945602 PMCID: PMC3533795 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced phospholipidosis (PLD) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the accumulation of phospholipids within the lysosome. This adverse drug effect can occur in various tissues and is suspected to impact cellular viability. Therefore, it is important to test chemical compounds for their potential to induce PLD during the drug design process. PLD has been reported to be a side effect of many commonly used drugs, especially those with cationic amphiphilic properties. To predict drug-induced PLD in silico, we established a high-throughput cell-culture-based method to quantitatively determine the induction of PLD by chemical compounds. Using this assay, we tested 297 drug-like compounds at two different concentrations (2.5 μM and 5.0 μM). We were able to identify 28 previously unknown PLD-inducing agents. Furthermore, our experimental results enabled the development of a binary classification model to predict PLD-inducing agents based on their molecular properties. This random forest prediction system yields a bootstrapped validated accuracy of 86 %. PLD-inducing agents overlap with those that target similar biological processes; a high degree of concordance with PLD-inducing agents was identified for cationic amphiphilic compounds, small molecules that inhibit acid sphingomyelinase, compounds that cross the blood-brain barrier, and compounds that violate Lipinski's rule of five. Furthermore, we were able to show that PLD-inducing compounds applied in combination additively induce PLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Muehlbacher
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen (Germany); Computer Chemistry Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Nägelsbachstr. 25, 91052 Erlangen (Germany)
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10
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Mesens N, Desmidt M, Verheyen GR, Starckx S, Damsch S, De Vries R, Verhemeldonck M, Van Gompel J, Lampo A, Lammens L. Phospholipidosis in rats treated with amiodarone: serum biochemistry and whole genome micro-array analysis supporting the lipid traffic jam hypothesis and the subsequent rise of the biomarker BMP. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40:491-503. [PMID: 22291062 DOI: 10.1177/0192623311432290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To provide mechanistic insight in the induction of phospholipidosis and the appearance of the proposed biomarker di-docosahexaenoyl (C22:6)-bis(monoacylglycerol) phosphate (BMP), rats were treated with 150 mg/kg amiodarone for 12 consecutive days and analyzed at three different time points (day 4, 9, and 12). Biochemical analysis of the serum revealed a significant increase in cholesterol and phospholipids at the three time points. Bio-analysis on the serum and urine detected a time-dependent increase in BMP, as high as 10-fold compared to vehicle-treated animals on day 12. Paralleling these increases, micro-array analysis on the liver of treated rats identified cholesterol biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism as highly modulated pathways. This modulation indicates that during phospholipidosis-induction interactions take place between the cationic amphiphilic drug and phospholipids at the level of BMP-rich internal membranes of endosomes, impeding cholesterol sorting and leading to an accumulation of internal membranes, converting into multilamellar bodies. This process shows analogy to Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC). Whereas the NPC-induced lipid traffic jam is situated at the cholesterol sorting proteins NPC1 and NPC2, the amiodarone-induced traffic jam is thought to be located at the BMP level, demonstrating its role in the mechanism of phospholipidosis-induction and its significance for use as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Mesens
- Genetic and Exploratory Toxicology, Drug Safety Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
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ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion): The Real Meaning—Avoiding Disaster and Maintaining Efficacy for Preclinical Candidates. Transl Stroke Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9530-8_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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van de Water F, Havinga J, Ravesloot W, Horbach G, Schoonen W. High content screening analysis of phospholipidosis: Validation of a 96-well assay with CHO-K1 and HepG2 cells for the prediction of in vivo based phospholipidosis. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1870-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Tilmant K, Gerets H, Dhalluin S, Hanon E, Depelchin O, Cossu-Leguille C, Vasseur P, Atienzar F. Comparison of a genomic and a multiplex cell imaging approach for the detection of phospholipidosis. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1414-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Zhou L, Geraci G, Hess S, Yang L, Wang J, Argikar U. Predicting Phospholipidosis: A Fluorescence Noncell Based in Vitro Assay for the Determination of Drug–Phospholipid Complex Formation in Early Drug Discovery. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6980-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200683k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhou
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gina Geraci
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sloan Hess
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Linhong Yang
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jianling Wang
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Upendra Argikar
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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15
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Evaluation and validation of multiple cell lines and primary mouse macrophages to predict phospholipidosis potential. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1934-43. [PMID: 21767630 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipidosis (PLD) in preclinical species can lead to regulatory delays thereby creating incentives to screen for PLD during drug discovery. The objective of this work was to compare, optimize, and validate in vitro PLD assays in primary mouse macrophages and hepatocyte- (HepG2, HuH7) or macrophage-derived cells lines (I.13.35, RAW264.7) and to evaluate whether primary cells were better at predicting PLD. Assay precision, determined by a measure of signal to noise window (Z'), within assay variability, and day-to-day variability, using amiodarone, was generally acceptable for all cell types; however, precision limits for HepG2 and HuH7 were slightly below assay acceptance criteria. Up to 66 known PLD inducers and non-inducers were subsequently tested to validate the assays. The concordance for predicting PLD in primary macrophages, I-13.35, RAW264.7, HuH7, and HepG2 cells was 91%, 74%, 73%, 62%, and 62% respectively using a decision limit of EC50≤125 μM as a positive finding. Increasing the number of negative controls tested in RAW264.7 cells and changing the decision limit to ≥4-fold increase in PLD, improved the specificity and overall concordance to 88%. RAW264.7 cells were selected as the primary screen for predicting PLD, and together with the primary macrophages, were integrated into an overall testing paradigm proposed for use in PLD risk identification.
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16
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Przybylak KR, Cronin MTD. In Silico Studies of the Relationship Between Chemical Structure and Drug Induced Phospholipidosis. Mol Inform 2011; 30:415-29. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Bernstein PR, Ciaccio P, Morelli J. Drug-Induced Phospholipidosis. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386009-5.00001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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18
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Zeisbergerová M, Řemínek R, Mádr A, Glatz Z, Hoogmartens J, Van Schepdael A. On-line drug metabolites generation and their subsequent target analysis by capillary zone electrophoresis with UV-absorption detection. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3256-62. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Screening for phospholipidosis induced by central nervous drugs: comparing the predictivity of an in vitro assay to high throughput in silico assays. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1417-25. [PMID: 20430096 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced phospholipidosis is a side effect for which drug candidates can be screened in the drug discovery phase. The numerous in silico models that have been developed as a first line of screening are based on the characteristic physicochemical properties of phospholipidosis-inducing drugs, e.g. high logP and pK(b) values. However, applying these models on a predominantly high lipophilic, basic CNS chemistry results in a high false positive rate and consequently in a wrong classification of a large number of valuable drug candidates. Here, we tested 33 CNS-compounds (24 in vivo negative and 9 in vivo positive phospholipidosis-inducers) in our in house developed in vitro phospholipidosis screening assay (Mesens et al., 2009) and compared its predictivity with the outcome of three different, well established in silico prediction models. Our in vitro assay demonstrates an increased specificity of 79% over the in silico models (29%). Moreover, by considering the proposed plasma concentration at the efficacious dose we can show a clear correlation between the in vitro and in vivo occurrence of phospholipidosis, improving the specificity of prediction to 96%. Through its high predictive value, the in vitro low throughput assay is thus preferred above high throughput in silico assays, characterized by a high false positive rate.
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Hanumegowda UM, Wenke G, Regueiro-Ren A, Yordanova R, Corradi JP, Adams SP. Phospholipidosis as a Function of Basicity, Lipophilicity, and Volume of Distribution of Compounds. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:749-55. [DOI: 10.1021/tx9003825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh M. Hanumegowda
- Departments of Discovery Toxicology, Discovery Analytical Sciences, Discovery Chemistry, and Bioinformatics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Gottfried Wenke
- Departments of Discovery Toxicology, Discovery Analytical Sciences, Discovery Chemistry, and Bioinformatics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Alicia Regueiro-Ren
- Departments of Discovery Toxicology, Discovery Analytical Sciences, Discovery Chemistry, and Bioinformatics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Roumyana Yordanova
- Departments of Discovery Toxicology, Discovery Analytical Sciences, Discovery Chemistry, and Bioinformatics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - John P. Corradi
- Departments of Discovery Toxicology, Discovery Analytical Sciences, Discovery Chemistry, and Bioinformatics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Stephen P. Adams
- Departments of Discovery Toxicology, Discovery Analytical Sciences, Discovery Chemistry, and Bioinformatics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
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Coleman J, Xiang Y, Pande P, Shen D, Gatica D, Patton WF. A live-cell fluorescence microplate assay suitable for monitoring vacuolation arising from drug or toxic agent treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 15:398-405. [PMID: 20237207 DOI: 10.1177/1087057110364242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are membrane-bound subcellular organelles involved in the degradation of macromolecules and pathogens in diverse processes, including endocytosis, phagocytosis, and autophagy. A red fluorescent probe was developed that is selectively sequestered in acidic organelles. U20S cells pretreated with 64 microM chloroquine for as little as 5 h show a dramatic increase in lysosome-like vesicle number and volume. The probe can be employed for highlighting lysosome-like organelles under conditions wherein cells produce vacuoles that contain most of the degradative enzymes of the lysosome but are not as acidic as the parent organelle. Using a conventional fluorescence microplate reader, the half-maximal effective concentration (EC(50)) of chloroquine was estimated. The high Z' score obtained using the assay demonstrated excellent signal-to-noise ratios. The fluorescence microplate assay was successfully employed to screen a small-molecule compound library for agents that increase lysosomal volume and number. One potential application of the new assay is in the toxicology portion of preclinical drug safety assessment (ADME-Tox) workflows, using in vitro cell culture models to aid in the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Coleman
- R&D, Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, New York 11735, USA
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Tsaioun K, Jacewicz M. De-Risking Drug Discovery with ADDME — Avoiding Drug Development Mistakes Early. Altern Lab Anim 2009; 37 Suppl 1:47-55. [DOI: 10.1177/026119290903701s10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The advent of early Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) screening has increased the elimination rate of weak drug candidates early in the drug-discovery process, and decreased the proportion of compounds failing in clinical trials for ADMET reasons. This paper reviews the history of ADMET screening and why it has become so important in drug discovery and development. Assays that have been developed in response to specific needs, and improvements in technology that result in higher throughput and greater accuracy of prediction of human mechanisms of toxicity, are discussed. The paper concludes with the authors’ forecast of new models that will better predict human efficacy and toxicity.
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Tsaioun K, Bottlaender M, Mabondzo A. ADDME--Avoiding Drug Development Mistakes Early: central nervous system drug discovery perspective. BMC Neurol 2009; 9 Suppl 1:S1. [PMID: 19534730 PMCID: PMC2697629 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-9-s1-s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of early absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) screening has increased the attrition rate of weak drug candidates early in the drug-discovery process, and decreased the proportion of compounds failing in clinical trials for ADMET reasons. This paper reviews the history of ADMET screening and its place in pharmaceutical development, and central nervous system drug discovery in particular. Assays that have been developed in response to specific needs and improvements in technology that result in higher throughput and greater accuracy of prediction of human mechanisms of absorption and toxicity are discussed. The paper concludes with the authors' forecast of new models that will better predict human efficacy and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Tsaioun
- Apredica, 313 Pleasant Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA.
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