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Ortega-Vallbona R, Méndez R, Tolosa L, Escher SE, Castell JV, Gozalbes R, Serrano-Candelas E. Uncovering the toxicity mechanisms of a series of carboxylic acids in liver cells through computational and experimental approaches. Toxicology 2024; 504:153764. [PMID: 38428665 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity poses a significant concern in drug design due to the potential liver damage that can be caused by new drugs. Among common manifestations of hepatotoxic damage is lipid accumulation in hepatic tissue, resulting in liver steatosis or phospholipidosis. Carboxylic derivatives are prone to interfere with fatty acid metabolism and cause lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. This study investigates the toxic behaviour of 24 structurally related carboxylic acids in hepatocytes, specifically their ability to cause accumulation of fatty acids and phospholipids. Using high-content screening (HCS) assays, we identified two distinct lipid accumulation patterns. Subsequently, we developed structure-activity relationship (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to determine relevant molecular substructures and descriptors contributing to these adverse effects. Additionally, we calculated physicochemical properties associated with lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and examined their correlation with our chemical structure characteristics. To assess the applicability of our findings to a wide range of chemical compounds, we employed two external datasets to evaluate the distribution of our QSAR descriptors. Our study highlights the significance of subtle molecular structural variations in triggering hepatotoxicity, such as the presence of nitrogen or the specific arrangement of substitutions within the carbon chain. By employing our comprehensive approach, we pinpointed specific molecules and elucidated their mechanisms of toxicity, thus offering valuable insights to guide future toxicology investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ortega-Vallbona
- ProtoQSAR SL., Centro Europeo de Empresas e Innovación (CEEI), Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, Av. Benjamín Franklin, 12, Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Rebeca Méndez
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Av Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Valencia 46026, Spain
| | - Laia Tolosa
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Av Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Valencia 46026, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), ISCIII, C/ Monforte de Lemos, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Sylvia E Escher
- Fraunhofer ITEM, Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - José V Castell
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Av Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Valencia 46026, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Av. de Blasco Ibáñez, 15, Valencia 46010, Spain; CIBEREHD, ISCIII, C/ Monforte de Lemos, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Rafael Gozalbes
- ProtoQSAR SL., Centro Europeo de Empresas e Innovación (CEEI), Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, Av. Benjamín Franklin, 12, Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain; Moldrug AI Systems SL, c/Olimpia Arozena Torres 45, Valencia 46018, Spain
| | - Eva Serrano-Candelas
- ProtoQSAR SL., Centro Europeo de Empresas e Innovación (CEEI), Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, Av. Benjamín Franklin, 12, Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
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Iwakuma Y, Okamoto H, Hamaguchi R, Kuroda Y. Immobilized Artificial Membrane Chromatography Using Acetonitrile-Rich Mobile Phase for Comparison of Retention Properties Between Phospholipidosis-Inducing and Non-inducing Basic Drugs. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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3
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Foot JS, Buson A, Deodhar M, Findlay AD, Robertson AD, Turner CI, Yow T, Zhou W, Jarolimek W. Combining monoamine oxidase B and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase enzyme inhibition to address inflammatory disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 74:128942. [PMID: 35973549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a dual MAO-B/SSAO inhibitor PXS-5131 is reported. The compound offers a compact and rigid three-dimensional structure with superior selectivity over MAO-A. Potency and selectivity are linked to both the double bond geometry and stereochemistry of the allylamine moiety, highlighting the importance of optimal set up of these features in the class of amine oxidase inhibitors. PXS-5131 possesses an attractive preclinical pharmacokinetic profile and has anti-inflammatory properties in models of acute inflammation and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Foot
- Pharmaxis Ltd., 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia.
| | - Alberto Buson
- Pharmaxis Ltd., 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
| | - Mandar Deodhar
- Pharmaxis Ltd., 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
| | - Alison D Findlay
- Pharmaxis Ltd., 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
| | - Alan D Robertson
- Pharmaxis Ltd., 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
| | - Craig I Turner
- Pharmaxis Ltd., 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
| | - Tin Yow
- Pharmaxis Ltd., 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Pharmaxis Ltd., 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
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4
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Use of 3D Human Liver Organoids to Predict Drug-Induced Phospholipidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082982. [PMID: 32340283 PMCID: PMC7216064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced phospholipidosis (PL) is a storage disorder caused by the formation of phospholipid-drug complexes in lysosomes. Because of the diversity of PL between species, human cell-based assays have been used to predict drug-induced PL in humans. We established three-dimensional (3D) human liver organoids as described previously and investigated their liver characteristics through multiple analyses. Drug-induced PL was initiated in these organoids and in monolayer HepG2 cultures, and cellular changes were systemically examined. Organoids that underwent differentiation showed characteristics of hepatocytes rather than HepG2 cells. The organoids also survived under PL-inducing drug conditions for 48 h and maintained a more stable albumin secretion level than the HepG2 cells. More cytoplasmic vacuoles were observed in organoids and HepG2 cells treated with more potent PL-induced drugs, but to a greater extent in organoids than in HepG2 cells. Lysosome-associated membrane protein 2, a marker of lysosome membranes, showed a stronger immunohistochemical signal in the organoids. PL-distinctive lamellar bodies were observed only in amiodarone-treated organoids by transmission electron microscopy. Human liver organoids are thus more sensitive to drug-induced PL and less affected by cytotoxicity than HepG2 cells. Since PL is a chronic condition, these results indicate that organoids better reflect metabolite-mediated hepatotoxicity in vivo and could be a valuable system for evaluating the phospholipidogenic effects of different compounds during drug development.
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Marcos AL, Corradi GR, Mazzitelli LR, Casali CI, Fernández Tome MDC, Adamo HP, de Tezanos Pinto F. The Parkinson-associated human P5B-ATPase ATP13A2 modifies lipid homeostasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:182993. [PMID: 31132336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the ATP13A2 gene (PARK9, CLN12, OMIM 610513) were initially associated with a form of Parkinson's Disease (PD) known as Kufor Rakeb Syndrome (KRS). However, the genetic spectrum of ATP13A2-associated disorders was expanded in the last years, because it has been found to underlay variants of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCLs) and hereditary spastic paraplegia. As ATP13A2 seems to be a key component of the endo-lysosome pathway, the fact that these pathologies are commonly characterized by endo-lysosomal dysfunction is not surprising. Here we report that increasing the level of functional ATP13A2 in a stable SH-SY5Y cell line disrupts lipid homeostasis. ATP13A2 overexpression increases the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent analog phosphatidylethanolamine (NBD-PE) and the formation of multilamellar bodies, resembling the so-called "drug-induced phospholipidosis". We also found that expression of ATP13A2 reduces the ceramide-fluorescence intensity and the content of bis(monoacylglyceryl)phosphate (BMP). BMP is required for lipid degradation and exosome biogenesis inside acidic compartments, so this result suggests that ATP13A2 may be modifying the lipid digestion capacity and/or the redistribution of lipids in these subcellular organelles. In addition, ATP13A2-overexpression decreased the total content of triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol and lipid droplets. As TGs are necessary for the synthesis of new membranes, this observation suggests that increasing the function of ATP13A2 switches the endo-lysosomal system towards vesicle secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Lucía Marcos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Raul Corradi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Romina Mazzitelli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Irene Casali
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del Carmen Fernández Tome
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hugo Pedro Adamo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Felicitas de Tezanos Pinto
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos (UBA), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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6
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Easwaranathan A, Inci B, Ulrich S, Brunken L, Nikiforova V, Norinder U, Swanson S, Munic Kos V. Quantification of Intracellular Accumulation and Retention of Lysosomotropic Macrocyclic Compounds by High-Throughput Imaging of Lysosomal Changes. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:652-660. [PMID: 30419273 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Many marketed pharmaceuticals reach extremely high tissue concentrations due to accumulation in lysosomes (lysosomotropism). Quantitative prediction of intracellular concentrations of accumulating drugs is challenging, especially for macrocyclic compounds that mainly do not fit in current in silico models. We tested a unique library of 47 compounds (containing 39 macrocycles) specifically designed to cover the entire range of accumulation intensities observed with pharmaceuticals so far. For the first time, we show that intracellular concentration of compounds measured by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry correlates with the induction of phospholipidosis and inhibition of autophagy, but the highest correlation was observed with the increase of lysosomal volume (R = 0.95), all measured by high-throughput imaging assays. Based only on imaging data, we developed a 5-class in vitro model for the prediction of compound accumulation with the accuracy of 81%. The measured change of total lysosomal volume can thus be used in high-throughput screening for determination of the actual intensity of intracellular accumulation of new macrocyclic compounds. The models are largely based on macrocycles, greatly improving the screening and prediction of intracellular accumulation of this challenging class. However, all tested nonmacrocyclic compounds fitted well in the models, indicating potential use of the models in broader chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrabi Easwaranathan
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Beril Inci
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Sam Ulrich
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Lars Brunken
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Violetta Nikiforova
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Ulf Norinder
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Stephen Swanson
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden.
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7
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Heusinkveld HJ, Wackers PF, Schoonen WG, van der Ven L, Pennings JL, Luijten M. Application of the comparison approach to open TG-GATEs: A useful toxicogenomics tool for detecting modes of action in chemical risk assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:115-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Zhang X, Yang L, Liu Y, Song Z, Zhao J, Chen D, Yu H, Li R, Wang Y, Yang K, Chen Y, Xia M, Zhang LW. Detection of nanocarrier potentiation on drug induced phospholipidosis in cultured cells and primary hepatocyte spheroids by high content imaging and analysis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 348:54-66. [PMID: 29678448 PMCID: PMC6716368 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Considerable effort has been made to develop nanocarriers for controlled drug delivery over the last decade, while it remains unclear how the strength of adverse drug effect will be altered when a drug is loaded on the nanocarrier. Drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIP) is characterized with excessive accumulation of phospholipids in cells and is common for cationic amphiphilic drugs (CAD). Previously, we have reported that PEGylated graphene oxide (PEG-GO) loaded with several CAD can potentiate DIP. In current study, we extended our study on newly identified phospholipidosis (PLD) inducers that had been identified from the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds (LOPAC), to investigate if PEO-GO loaded with these CAD can alter DIP. Twenty-two CAD were respectively loaded on PEG-GO and incubated with RAW264.7, a macrophage cell line. The results showed that when a CAD was loaded on PEG-GO, its strength of PLD induction can be enhanced, unchanged or attenuated. PEG-GO loaded with Ifenprodil exhibited the highest PEG-GO potentiation effect compared to Ifenprodil treatment alone in RAW264.7 cells, and this effect was confirmed in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, another cell line model for PLD induction. Primary hepatocyte culture and spheroids mimicking in vivo conditions were used to further validate nanocarrier potentiation on DIP by Ifenprodil. Stronger phospholipid accumulation was found in PEG-GO/Ifenprodil treated hepatocytes or spheroids than Ifenprodil treatment alone. Therefore, evidences were provided by us that nanocarriers may increase the adverse drug effects and guidance by regulatory agencies need to be drafted for the safe use of nanotechnology in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihui Zhang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liecheng Yang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongming Liu
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhentao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huan Yu
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruibin Li
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yangyun Wang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kai Yang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leshuai W Zhang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Systems Microscopy Approaches in Unraveling and Predicting Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI). METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7677-5_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Mandavilli BS, Aggeler RJ, Chambers KM. Tools to Measure Cell Health and Cytotoxicity Using High Content Imaging and Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1683:33-46. [PMID: 29082485 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7357-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High content screening (HCS)-based multiparametric measurements are very useful in early toxicity testing and safety assessment during drug development, and useful in evaluating the impact from new food supplements and environmental toxicants. Mitochondrial membrane potential, plasma membrane permeability, oxidative stress, phosphoplipidosis, and steatosis are a few of the important markers routinely studied for the assessment of drug-induced liver injury and toxicity. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to oxidative stress and cell death. Liver injury from drug-induced phospholipidosis and steatosis is routinely studied in hepatotoxicity investigations to determine the risk factors and fate of drugs or chemical compounds as some drugs can lead to defects in lipid metabolism and accumulation of lipids in lysosomes. In this chapter, we describe fluorescent reagents and the protocols for the measurement of various parameters such as mitochondrial membrane potential, plasma membrane permeability, oxidative stress, phospholipidosis, and steatosis using high content imaging-based methodologies and instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert J Aggeler
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 29851 Willow Creek Road, Eugene, OR, 97402, USA
| | - Kevin M Chambers
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 29851 Willow Creek Road, Eugene, OR, 97402, USA
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11
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Synthesis and phospholipidosis effect of a series of cationic amphiphilic compounds: a case study to evaluate in silico and in vitro assays. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Tomida T, Ishimura M, Iwaki M. A cell-based assay using HepaRG cells for predicting drug-induced phospholipidosis. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 42:641-650. [PMID: 28904299 DOI: 10.2131/jts.42.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The utility of HepaRG cells as an in vitro cell-based assay system for predicting drug-induced phospholipidosis (PLD) was investigated. In experiment 1, 10 PLD-positive compounds and 11 PLD-negative compounds were selected. HepaRG cells were treated with each compound for 48 hr. In experiment 2, loratadine and desloratadine, a major metabolite of loratadine, were used to assess metabolic activation for PLD. HepaRG cells were treated with loratadine and desloratadine in the presence or absence of 500 μM 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), a broad CYP inhibitor, for 48 hr. After treatment with compounds in experiments 1 and 2, the relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) was measured using LYSO-ID Red dye to assess the PLD induction. In experiment 1, our cell-based assay system using HepaRG cells exhibited 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for predicting drug-induced PLD. In experiment 2, loratadine increased the RFI in the PLD assay. However, the increase in the RFI was not observed in co-treatment with loratadine and ABT. In addition, desloratadine increased the RFI in the presence and absence of ABT. These results suggested that metabolic activation of loratadine may contribute to PLD in HepaRG cells. We newly demonstrated that HepaRG cells have a high ability for predicting drug-induced PLD. In addition, we newly showed that HepaRG cells may predict drug-induced PLD mediated by metabolic activation of loratadine. Thus, a cell-based assay system using HepaRG cells is a useful model for predicting drug-induced PLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Tomida
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Department, Drug Research Center, Kyoto Research Center, Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., LTD
| | - Masakazu Ishimura
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety Department, Drug Research Center, Kyoto Research Center, Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., LTD
| | - Masahiro Iwaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University
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13
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Okamoto H, Hamaguchi R, Kuroda Y. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography with a focus on the drug–phosphate interaction in drug screening to determine the phospholipidosis induction risk. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1051:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Donato MT, Gómez-Lechón MJ, Tolosa L. Using high-content screening technology for studying drug-induced hepatotoxicity in preclinical studies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 12:201-211. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1271784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Donato
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria José Gómez-Lechón
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Tolosa
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
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15
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Mazzeo DEC, Fernandes TCC, Marin-Morales MA. Attesting the efficiency of monitored natural attenuation in the detoxification of sewage sludge by means of genotoxic and mutagenic bioassays. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 163:508-515. [PMID: 27570212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A viable alternative to the use of sewage sludge (SS) would be using it as a reconditioner of agricultural soils, due to its high content of organic matter and nutrients. However, this solution may contaminate the soil, since SS may contain toxic substances. Monitored natural attenuation is a process that can be used in the decontamination of SS before its disposal into the environment. The effectiveness of the natural attenuation of a domestic SS was evaluated over 12 months by assays of Salmonella/microsome and micronucleus (MN) in human hepatoma cells (HepG2). Mutagenic activity was observed for the Salmonella strain TA 100, with S9, for the extracts from periods 0-6 months of natural attenuation. Genotoxic effects were observed in HepG2 cells, for 0 and 2 months, in almost all tested concentrations. Comparing obtained data by MN test to chemical analyses, it is possible to observe a coincidence between the induction of MN and the quantity of the m- and p-cresol, since these compounds were present in the initial SS and after 2 months of natural attenuation, decreasing their concentrations in samples from 6 to 12 months. The positive results obtained with Salmonella/microsome (from 6 months) suggest a combined action of other substances in SS. These results indicated that this SS, in the earlier periods tested, is potentially genotoxic and mutagenic and that its disposal can lead to severe environmental problems. Thus, the use of the studied SS as reconditioner requires pre-processing for over than 6 months of natural attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Drug-induced phospholipidosis caused by combinations of common drugs in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 35:139-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Takagi M, Sanoh S, Santoh M, Ejiri Y, Kotake Y, Ohta S. Detection of metabolic activation leading to drug-induced phospholipidosis in rat hepatocyte spheroids. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41:155-64. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Takagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Masataka Santoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Yoko Ejiri
- Molding Component Business Department, New business Development Division, Kuraray Co., Ltd
| | - Yaichiro Kotake
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
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18
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Lu J, Einhorn S, Venkatarangan L, Miller M, Mann DA, Watkins PB, LeCluyse E. Morphological and Functional Characterization and Assessment of iPSC-Derived Hepatocytes for In Vitro Toxicity Testing. Toxicol Sci 2015; 147:39-54. [PMID: 26092927 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a great challenge and a major concern during late-stage drug development. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) represent an exciting alternative in vitro model system to explore the role of genetic diversity in DILI, especially when derived from patients who have experienced drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The development and validation of the iPSC-derived hepatocytes as an in vitro cell-based model of DILI is an essential first step in creating more predictive tools for understanding patient-specific hepatotoxic responses to drug treatment. In this study, we performed extensive morphological and functional analyses on iPSC-derived hepatocytes from a commercial source. iPSC-derived hepatocytes exhibit many of the key morphological and functional features of primary hepatocytes, including membrane polarity and production of glycogen, lipids, and key hepatic proteins, such as albumin, asialoglycoprotein receptor and α1-antitrypsin. They maintain functional activity for many drug-metabolizing enzyme pathways and possess active efflux capacity of marker substrates into bile canalicular compartments. Whole genome-wide array analysis of multiple batches of iPSC-derived cells showed that their transcriptional profiles are more similar to those from neonatal and adult hepatocytes than those from fetal liver. Results from experiments using prototype DILI compounds, such as acetaminophen and trovafloxacin, indicate that these cells are able to reproduce key characteristic metabolic and adaptive responses attributed to the drug-induced hepatotoxic effects in vivo. Overall, this novel system represents a promising new tool for understanding the underlying mechanisms of idiosyncratic DILI and for screening new compounds for DILI-related liabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Lu
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | | | - Lata Venkatarangan
- QPS Hepatic Biosciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; and
| | - Manda Miller
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - David A Mann
- QPS Hepatic Biosciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; and
| | - Paul B Watkins
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Schools of Medicine, Pharmacy and Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Edward LeCluyse
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709;
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19
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Doherty KR, Talbert DR, Trusk PB, Moran DM, Shell SA, Bacus S. Structural and functional screening in human induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes accurately identifies cardiotoxicity of multiple drug types. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 285:51-60. [PMID: 25841593 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Safety pharmacology studies that evaluate new drug entities for potential cardiac liability remain a critical component of drug development. Current studies have shown that in vitro tests utilizing human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CM) may be beneficial for preclinical risk evaluation. We recently demonstrated that an in vitro multi-parameter test panel assessing overall cardiac health and function could accurately reflect the associated clinical cardiotoxicity of 4 FDA-approved targeted oncology agents using hiPS-CM. The present studies expand upon this initial observation to assess whether this in vitro screen could detect cardiotoxicity across multiple drug classes with known clinical cardiac risks. Thus, 24 drugs were examined for their effect on both structural (viability, reactive oxygen species generation, lipid formation, troponin secretion) and functional (beating activity) endpoints in hiPS-CM. Using this screen, the cardiac-safe drugs showed no effects on any of the tests in our panel. However, 16 of 18 compounds with known clinical cardiac risk showed drug-induced changes in hiPS-CM by at least one method. Moreover, when taking into account the Cmax values, these 16 compounds could be further classified depending on whether the effects were structural, functional, or both. Overall, the most sensitive test assessed cardiac beating using the xCELLigence platform (88.9%) while the structural endpoints provided additional insight into the mechanism of cardiotoxicity for several drugs. These studies show that a multi-parameter approach examining both cardiac cell health and function in hiPS-CM provides a comprehensive and robust assessment that can aid in the determination of potential cardiac liability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Scott A Shell
- Quintiles, 777 Oakmont Lane Suite 100, Westmont, IL 60559,USA
| | - Sarah Bacus
- Quintiles, 777 Oakmont Lane Suite 100, Westmont, IL 60559,USA
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20
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Predicting in vivo phospholipidosis-inducing potential of drugs by a combined high content screening and in silico modelling approach. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:621-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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High-content screening technology for studying drug-induced hepatotoxicity in cell models. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1007-22. [PMID: 25787152 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High-content screening is the application of automated microscopy and image analysis to both cell biology and drug discovery. Over the last decade, this technique has emerged as a useful technology that allows the simultaneous measurement of different parameters at a single-cell level. Hepatotoxicity is a compelling reason for drug nonapprovals and withdrawals. It is recognized that the safety of a compound cannot be based on a single in vitro assay, and existing methods are not predictive of drug-induced toxicity. However, different HCS assays have been recently demonstrated as being powerful for identifying different mechanisms implicated in drug-induced toxicity with high sensitivity and specificity. These assays integrate the data obtained from different cell function indicators and can be easily incorporated into basic screening processes for the safety evaluation and selection of drug candidates; thus, they contribute greatly to lessen the likelihood of drug failure. Exploring the use of cellular imaging technology in drug-induced liver injury by reviewing the different tests proposed provides evidence that this technology has a strong impact on drug discovery.
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22
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Goracci L, Buratta S, Urbanelli L, Ferrara G, Di Guida R, Emiliani C, Cross S. Evaluating the risk of phospholipidosis using a new multidisciplinary pipeline approach. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 92:49-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Przybylak KR, Alzahrani AR, Cronin MTD. How Does the Quality of Phospholipidosis Data Influence the Predictivity of Structural Alerts? J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:2224-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ci500233k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna R. Przybylak
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, England
| | - Abdullah Rzgallah Alzahrani
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, England
| | - Mark T. D. Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, England
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24
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Identification of lysosomotropic compounds based on the distribution and size of lysosomes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:189-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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25
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Germano D, Uteng M, Pognan F, Chibout SD, Wolf A. Determination of liver specific toxicities in rat hepatocytes by high content imaging during 2-week multiple treatment. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 30:79-94. [PMID: 24933330 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
DILI is a major safety issue during drug development and one of the leading causes for market withdrawal. Despite many efforts made in the past, the prediction of DILI using in vitro models remains very unreliable. In the present study, the well-established hepatocyte Collagen I-Matrigel™ sandwich culture was used, mimicking chronic drug treatment after multiple incubations for 14 days. Ten drugs associated with different types of specific preclinical and clinical liver injury were evaluated at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Mrp2-mediated transport, intracellular accumulation of neutral lipids and phospholipids were selected as functional endpoints by using Cellomics™ Arrayscan® technology and assessed at five timepoints (day 1, 3, 7, 10, 14). Liver specific functional impairments after drug treatment were enhanced over time and could be monitored by HCI already after few days and before cytotoxicity. Phospholipidosis-inducing drugs Chlorpromazine and Amiodarone displayed the same response as in vivo. Cyclosporin A, Chlorpromazine, and Troglitazone inhibited Mrp2-mediated biliary transport, correlating with in vivo findings. Steatosis remained difficult to be reproduced under the current in vitro testing conditions, resulting into false negative and positive responses. The present results suggest that the repeated long-term treatment of rat hepatocytes in the Collagen I-Matrigel™ sandwich configuration might be a suitable tool for safety profiling of the potential to induce phospholipidosis and impair Mrp2-mediated transport processes, but not to predict steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Germano
- Discovery and Investigative Safety, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Uteng
- Discovery and Investigative Safety, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francois Pognan
- Discovery and Investigative Safety, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salah-Dine Chibout
- Discovery and Investigative Safety, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Armin Wolf
- Discovery and Investigative Safety, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland.
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26
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Singh S, Carpenter AE, Genovesio A. Increasing the Content of High-Content Screening: An Overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:640-50. [PMID: 24710339 PMCID: PMC4230961 DOI: 10.1177/1087057114528537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Target-based high-throughput screening (HTS) has recently been critiqued for its relatively poor yield compared to phenotypic screening approaches. One type of phenotypic screening, image-based high-content screening (HCS), has been seen as particularly promising. In this article, we assess whether HCS is as high content as it can be. We analyze HCS publications and find that although the number of HCS experiments published each year continues to grow steadily, the information content lags behind. We find that a majority of high-content screens published so far (60−80%) made use of only one or two image-based features measured from each sample and disregarded the distribution of those features among each cell population. We discuss several potential explanations, focusing on the hypothesis that data analysis traditions are to blame. This includes practical problems related to managing large and multidimensional HCS data sets as well as the adoption of assay quality statistics from HTS to HCS. Both may have led to the simplification or systematic rejection of assays carrying complex and valuable phenotypic information. We predict that advanced data analysis methods that enable full multiparametric data to be harvested for entire cell populations will enable HCS to finally reach its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Singh
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anne E Carpenter
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Auguste Genovesio
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA École Normale Supérieure, 45, Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris
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27
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Wink S, Hiemstra S, Huppelschoten S, Danen E, Niemeijer M, Hendriks G, Vrieling H, Herpers B, van de Water B. Quantitative high content imaging of cellular adaptive stress response pathways in toxicity for chemical safety assessment. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:338-55. [PMID: 24450961 DOI: 10.1021/tx4004038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, major leaps forward have been made on the mechanistic understanding and identification of adaptive stress response landscapes underlying toxic insult using transcriptomics approaches. However, for predictive purposes of adverse outcome several major limitations in these approaches exist. First, the limited number of samples that can be analyzed reduces the in depth analysis of concentration-time course relationships for toxic stress responses. Second these transcriptomics analysis have been based on the whole cell population, thereby inevitably preventing single cell analysis. Third, transcriptomics is based on the transcript level, totally ignoring (post)translational regulation. We believe these limitations are circumvented with the application of high content analysis of relevant toxicant-induced adaptive stress signaling pathways using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter cell-based assays. The goal is to establish a platform that incorporates all adaptive stress pathways that are relevant for toxicity, with a focus on drug-induced liver injury. In addition, cellular stress responses typically follow cell perturbations at the subcellular organelle level. Therefore, we complement our reporter line panel with reporters for specific organelle morphometry and function. Here, we review the approaches of high content imaging of cellular adaptive stress responses to chemicals and the application in the mechanistic understanding and prediction of chemical toxicity at a systems toxicology level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Wink
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University , The Netherlands
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28
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Drug-Induced Phospholipidosis: Prediction, Detection, and Mitigation Strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2013_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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29
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Muehlbacher M, Tripal P, Roas F, Kornhuber J. Identification of drugs inducing phospholipidosis by novel in vitro data. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1925-34. [PMID: 22945602 PMCID: PMC3533795 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced phospholipidosis (PLD) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the accumulation of phospholipids within the lysosome. This adverse drug effect can occur in various tissues and is suspected to impact cellular viability. Therefore, it is important to test chemical compounds for their potential to induce PLD during the drug design process. PLD has been reported to be a side effect of many commonly used drugs, especially those with cationic amphiphilic properties. To predict drug-induced PLD in silico, we established a high-throughput cell-culture-based method to quantitatively determine the induction of PLD by chemical compounds. Using this assay, we tested 297 drug-like compounds at two different concentrations (2.5 μM and 5.0 μM). We were able to identify 28 previously unknown PLD-inducing agents. Furthermore, our experimental results enabled the development of a binary classification model to predict PLD-inducing agents based on their molecular properties. This random forest prediction system yields a bootstrapped validated accuracy of 86 %. PLD-inducing agents overlap with those that target similar biological processes; a high degree of concordance with PLD-inducing agents was identified for cationic amphiphilic compounds, small molecules that inhibit acid sphingomyelinase, compounds that cross the blood-brain barrier, and compounds that violate Lipinski's rule of five. Furthermore, we were able to show that PLD-inducing compounds applied in combination additively induce PLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Muehlbacher
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen (Germany); Computer Chemistry Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Nägelsbachstr. 25, 91052 Erlangen (Germany)
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