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Garcia ALH, Picinini J, Silveira MD, Camassola M, Visentim APV, Salvador M, da Silva J. Fluorosilicic acid induces DNA damage and oxidative stress in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2021; 861-862:503297. [PMID: 33551106 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Excess fluoride in water can produce changes in tooth enamel mineralization and lead to diseases such as dental or skeletal fluorosis. The present study aimed to assess the genotoxic effects, oxidative stress, and osteoblastic mineralization induced by fluorosilicic acid (FA) in murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). BM-MSCs were isolated from the femurs and tibias of rats and cultured under standard conditions. Cells exposure occurred for 3, 7, 14, and 21 days to different concentrations of FA (0.6-9.6 mg/L). Cytotoxicity was observed in 14 and 21 days of exposure for all concentrations of FA (cell proliferation below 60%), and for 3 and 7 days, in which the proliferation was above 80%. Alkaline comet assay results demonstrated significant increased damage at concentrations of 0.3-2.4 mg/L, and the micronucleus test showed increased rates for micronucleus (1.2-2.4 mg/L) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) (0.3-2.4 mg/L) (P < 0.05/Dunnett's test). An alkaline comet assay modified by repair endonuclease (FPG) was used to detect oxidized nucleobases, which occurred at 0.6 mg/L. The oxidative stress was evaluated by lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and antioxidant activity (TAC). Only lipid peroxidation was increased at concentrations of 0.6 mg/L and 1.2 mg/L (P < 0.001/Tukey's test). The osteogenesis process determined the level of extracellular matrix mineralization. The mean concentration of Alizarin red increased significantly in 14 days at the 0.6 mg/L concentration group (P < 0.05/Tukey's test) compared to the control group, and a significant difference between the groups regarding the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was observed. Unlike other studies, our results indicated that FA in BM-MSCs at concentrations used in drinking water induced genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and acceleration of bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L H Garcia
- Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Picinini
- Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Maiele D Silveira
- Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), 92425-900, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Melissa Camassola
- Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), 92425-900, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana P V Visentim
- Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Rua Travessão Solferino 610, Cruzeiro, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Rua Travessão Solferino 610, Cruzeiro, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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New Pre-reacted Glass Containing Dental Composites (giomers) with Improved Fluoride Release and Biocompatibility. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12234021. [PMID: 31816959 PMCID: PMC6926637 DOI: 10.3390/ma12234021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to prepare a series of novel restorative giomers and investigate the morphology, the physico-chemical properties (residual monomer, fluoride release), and the cytotoxicity of the new materials. The experimental giomers were prepared as light-cured pastes by blending different resin matrices comprising aromatic/aliphatic/urethane (di) methacrylates, with hybrid fillers containing pre-reacted glasses (PRGs), a radiopaque glass, and nano fluorhydroxyapatite. Polyalkenoic acids based on acrylic acid/itaconic acid/N-acryloyl -L-leucine modified or not with methacrylic groups, together with a superficially active glass, were used to prepare the PRGs. The fluoride ion release of the experimental giomers was investigated within a period of 60 days of storage in bidistilled water while using a fluoride ion selective electrode. Beautifil II commercial product was used as a reference. Cell cytotoxicity tests were done in vitro, in accordance with ISO 10993-122012 proceedings. Human dermal fibroblasts and umbilical endothelial vein cultures were used. The values that were obtained for cumulative fluoride release for all experimental giomers were higher than for the Beautifil II product, being more than twice the ones that were obtained for the commercial product after 60 days of storage in bidistilled water. The experimental biomaterials showed similar and/or better results when compared to the commercial one; this effect was maintained in all tested conditions.
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Handral HK, Tong HJ, Islam I, Sriram G, Rosa V, Cao T. Pluripotent stem cells: An in vitro model for nanotoxicity assessments. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1250-8. [PMID: 27241574 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The advent of technology has led to an established range of engineered nanoparticles that are used in diverse applications, such as cell-cell interactions, cell-material interactions, medical therapies and the target modulation of cellular processes. The exponential increase in the utilization of nanomaterials and the growing number of associated criticisms has highlighted the potential risks of nanomaterials to human health and the ecosystem. The existing in vivo and in vitro platforms show limitations, with fluctuations being observed in the results of toxicity assessments. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are viable source of cells that are capable of developing into specialized cells of the human body. PSCs can be efficiently used to screen new biomaterials/drugs and are potential candidates for studying impairments of biophysical morphology at both the cellular and tissue levels during interactions with nanomaterials and for diagnosing toxicity. Three-dimensional in vitro models obtained using PSC-derived cells would provide a realistic, patient-specific platform for toxicity assessments and in drug screening applications. The current review focuses on PSCs as an alternative in vitro platform for assessing the hazardous effects of nanomaterials on health systems and highlights the importance of PSC-derived in vitro platforms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish K Handral
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huei Jinn Tong
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Intekhab Islam
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Experimental Dermatology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Vinicus Rosa
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tong Cao
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore, Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore.,Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
This study evaluated the biocompatibility of contemporary bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs) including PRG (pre-reacted glass ionomer) materials based on the International Organization for Standardization 10993. In addition, the effect of composite thickness on cytotoxicity was also assessed. Two standard composites, two bulk-fill PRG RBCs, and three bulk-fill non-PRG RBCs were investigated. Block-shaped specimens of 2-mm and 4-mm thickness were cured with an irradiance of 700 mW/cm(2) for 20 seconds with a light-emitting diode curing light and eluted with culture medium at 37°C for 24 hours. L929 mouse fibroblasts were exposed to extracts at varying dilutions (1:1, 1:2, and 1:10) for 24 hours. Analyses were performed to assess cytotoxicity, phase contrast microscopy, and quantitative cell viability. Among the bulk-fill RBCs, extracts of PRG materials resulted in the lowest cell viability. At 4-mm thickness, undiluted extracts of bulk-fill non-PRG RBCs had significantly higher cell viability than the standard composites. Chemical composition, specimen thickness, and testing concentrations of extracts had significant effects on cell viability and morphology. Cytotoxic effects of composites on cell viability were parallel with cell morphologic changes. Not all bulk-fill RBCs demonstrated high cell viability (>70%) at 4-mm thickness despite manufacturers' recommendations of bulk placement and curing.
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Evaluation of human embryonic stem cells and their differentiated fibroblastic progenies as cellular models for in vitro genotoxicity screening. J Biotechnol 2014; 184:154-68. [PMID: 24862194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and their differentiated fibroblastic progenies as cellular models for genotoxicity screening. The DNA damage response of hESCs and their differentiated fibroblastic progenies were compared to a fibroblastic cell line (HEPM, CRL1486) and primary cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), upon exposure to Mitomycin C, gamma irradiation and H2O2. It was demonstrated that hESC-derived fibroblastic progenies (H1F) displayed significantly higher chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei formation and double strand break (DSB) formation, as compared to undifferentiated hESC upon exposure to genotoxic stress. Nevertheless, H1F cell types displayed comparable sensitivities to genotoxic challenge as HEPM and PBL, both of which are representative of somatic cell types commonly used for genotoxicity screening. Subsequently, transcriptomic and pathways analysis identified differential expression of critical genes involved in cell death and DNA damage response upon exposure to gamma irradiation. The results thus demonstrate that hESC-derived fibroblastic progenies are as sensitive as commonly-used somatic cell types for genotoxicity screening. Moreover, hESCs have additional advantages, such as their genetic normality compared to immortalized cell lines, as well as their amenability to scale-up for producing large, standardized quantities of cells for genotoxicity screening on an industrial scale, something which can never be achieved with primary cell cultures.
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