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Zhao S, Zhang Y, Bao S, Jiang L, Li Q, Kong Y, Cao J. A novel HMGA2/MPC-1/mTOR signaling pathway promotes cell growth via facilitating Cr (VI)-induced glycolysis. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 399:111141. [PMID: 38992767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier 1 (MPC1) is localized on mitochondrial outer membrane to mediate the transport of pyruvate from cytosol to mitochondria. It is also well known to act as a tumor suppressor. Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) contamination poses a global challenge due to its high toxicity and carcinogenesis. This research was intended to probe the potential mechanism of MPC1 in the effect of Cr (VI)-induced carcinogenesis. First, Cr (VI)-treatments decreased the expression of MPC1 in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of MPC1 inhibited Cr (VI)-induced glycolysis and migration in A549 cells. Then, high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) protein strongly suppressed the transcription of MPC1 by binding to its promoter, and HMGA2/MPC1 axis played an important role in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), glycolysis and cell migration. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress made a great effect on the interaction between HMGA2 and MPC1. Finally, the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) was determined to mediate MPC1-regulated OXPHOS, aerobic glycolysis and cell migration. Collectively, our data revealed a novel HMGA2/MPC-1/mTOR signaling pathway to promote cell growth via facilitating the metabolism reprogramming from OXPHOS to aerobic glycolysis, which might be a potential therapy for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China; Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, No.18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shibo Bao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China.
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2
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Yang Y, Gao C, Li Q, Liu Y, Cao J. HMGA2-mediated glutamine metabolism is required for Cd-induced cell growth and cell migration. Toxicology 2024; 507:153899. [PMID: 39032683 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exposure significantly increases the risk of lung cancer. The demand for glutamine is increasing in cancers, including lung cancer. In this study, we investigated the role of glutamine metabolism in Cd-induced cell growth and migration. Firstly, we found that 2 μM Cd-treatment up-regulated the expression of ASCT2 (alanine, serine, cysteine-preferring transporter 2) and ASNS (asparagine synthetase) while downregulating mitochondrial glutaminase GLS1 in A549 cells. The same results were obtained in male BALB/c mice treated with 0.5 and 1 mg Cd/kg body weight. Subsequently, both glutamine deprivation and transfection with siASCT2 revealed that glutamine played a role in Cd-induced cell growth and migration. Furthermore, using 4-PBA (5 mM), an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, Tm (0.1 μg/ml), an inducer of ER stress, siHMGA2, and over-expressing HMGA2 plasmids we demonstrated that ER stress/HMGA2 axis was involved in inducing ASCT2 and ASNS, while inhibiting GLS1. Additionally, the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay using an HMGA2 antibody revealed the direct binding of the HMGA2 to the promoter sequences of the ASCT2, ASNS, and GLS1 genes. Finally, dual luciferase reporter assay determined that HMGA2 increased the transcription of ASCT2 and ASNS while inhibiting the transcription of GLS1. Overall, we found that ER stress-induced HMGA2 controls glutamine metabolism by transcriptional regulation of ASCT2, ASNS and GLS1 to accelerate cell growth and migration during exposure to Cd at low concentrations. This study innovatively revealed the mechanism of Cd-induced cell growth which offers a fresh perspective on preventing Cd toxicity through glutamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chunpeng Gao
- Multi-Disciplinary Treatment (MDT) office, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116003, China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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3
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Luo S, Zhang C, Gao Z, Jiang L, Li Q, Shi X, Kong Y, Cao J. ER stress-enhanced HMGA2 plays an important role in Cr (VI)-induced glycolysis and inhibited oxidative phosphorylation by targeting the transcription of ATF4. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110293. [PMID: 36473502 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] is a proven human carcinogen which is widely used in steel manufacturing and painting. Here, the involvement of high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) in Cr (VI)-mediated glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) was investigated. First, Cr (VI) treatment induced aerobic glycolysis by increasing the expression of GLUT1, HK II, PKM2 and LDHA enzymes, and reduced OXPHOS by decreasing mitochondrial mass, the expression of COX IV and ND1, and increasing Ca2+ content in mitochondria in A549 and HELF cells. And overexpression of HMGA2 induced aerobic glycolysis and decreased OXPHOS. Secondly, using endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) and knockdown of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) gene by siRNA, we demonstrated that ER stress and ATF4 elevation mediated Cr (VI)-induced glycolysis and inhibited OXPHOS. Furthermore, using tunicamycin (Tm), siHMGA2, transfection of HMGA2 and siATF4, we demonstrated that ER stress-enhanced interaction of HMGA2 and ATF4 resulted in Cr (VI)-induced glycolysis and inhibited OXPHOS. Additionally, ChIP assay revealed that HMGA2 protein could directly bind to the promoter sequence of ATF4 gene, which modulated Cr (VI)-induced ATF4 elevation. Finally, in lung tissues of BALB/c mice injected with HMGA2 plasmids, it is verified that HMGA2 involved in regulation of ATF4, glycolysis and OXPHOS in vivo. Combining, our data discovered that ER stress-enhanced the interaction of HMGA2 and ATF4 played an important role in Cr (VI)-mediated glycolysis and OXPHOS. These results imply a root cause for the carcinogenicity of Cr (VI), and could guide development of novel therapeutics for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zeyun Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China.
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4
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Bao S, Zhang C, Luo S, Jiang L, Li Q, Kong Y, Cao J. HMGA2 mediates Cr (VI)-induced metabolic reprogramming through binding to mitochondrial D-Loop region. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 244:114085. [PMID: 36116352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] exists environmentally and occupationally. It has been shown to pose a carcinogenic hazard in certain occupations. This study was to investigate the role of high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) in Cr (VI)-induced metabolism reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis in A549 and HELF cells. First, knockdown of HMGA2 by siHMGA2 significantly attenuated Cr (VI)-reduced expression of OXPHOS-related proteins (COX IV and ND1) and mitochondrial mass, indicating that HMGA2 was involved in Cr (VI)-reduced OXPHOS. Overexpression of HMGA2 by transfection of HMGA2-DNA plasmids reduced the expression of COX IV, ND1 and mitochondrial mass, suggesting the negative role of HMGA2 in OXPHOS. Secondly, both CCCP, the inhibitor of mitochondrial function, and the ER stress inhibitor, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), decreased the level of HMGA2, indicating that the interaction of mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress resulted in Cr (VI)-induced HMGA2 expression. Further study demonstrated that ER stress/HMGA2 axis mediated the metabolism rewiring from OXPHOS to aerobic glycolysis. Notably, Cr (VI) induced the accumulation of HMGA2 proteins in mitochondria and ChIP assay demonstrated that HMGA2 proteins could bind to D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which provided the proof for HMGA2-modulating OXPHOS. Taken together, our results suggested that the interaction of mitochondria and ER stress-enhanced HMGA2 played an important role in Cr (VI)-induced metabolic reprogramming from OXPHOS to glycolysis by binding directly to D-loop region of mtDNA. This work informs on the potential mode of action for Cr (VI)-induced tumors and builds on growing evidence regarding the contribution of cellular metabolic disruption contributing to carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Bao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shengxiang Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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Cheron M, Costantini D, Brischoux F. Nicosulfuron, a sulfonylurea herbicide, alters embryonic development and oxidative status of hatchlings at environmental concentrations in an amphibian species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113277. [PMID: 35123186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of agrochemicals for controlling pests and diseases of crops is recognized as a main threat to biodiversity. Sulfonylurea herbicides are being increasingly used and display low levels of degradation in water which suggest that they might affect non-target organisms. In a common garden experiment, eggs of a widespread amphibian (Bufo spinosus) were exposed to sublethal environmentally relevant concentrations of a widely used sulfonylurea herbicide, nicosulfuron, during the whole embryonic development. We assessed development-related traits (i.e., development duration, hatching success, hatchling size and occurrence of malformation) as well as antioxidant markers in response to contamination (i.e., SOD, GPx, catalase, thiols and relevant ratios thereof). We found that sublethal concentrations of nicosulfuron increased embryonic development duration, increased hatchling size and tended to increase malformations. Embryos exposed to nicosulfuron displayed decreased thiols and increased catalase activity suggesting alteration of oxidative status. We did not find any effect of nicosulfuron on SOD and GPx levels. Interestingly, higher catalase activity was linked to higher proportion of malformed individuals, suggesting that exposure to nicosulfuron induced teratogenic effects. Our results suggest that alteration of antioxidant levels might be one physiological mechanism through which nicosulfuron might cause detrimental effects on amphibian embryos. Sublethal effects of pesticides at environmentally relevant concentrations have been overlooked and require further investigations, especially in non-target taxa occurring in agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Cheron
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC-CNRS UMR 7372, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France.
| | - David Costantini
- Unité Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation (PhyMA), UMR 7221 Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP32, 7 Rue Cuvier, Paris, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC-CNRS UMR 7372, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
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Yang M, Xu Z, Wu D, Dong Y, Wang Z, Du M. Characterizations and the Mechanism Underlying Osteogenic Activity of Peptides from Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Stichopus japonicus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15611-15623. [PMID: 34928143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) is a kind of fishery product with high nutritional value. It exhibits a wide range of biological activity and has potential application in the food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries. However, there are no reports available on the effects of S. japonicus peptides (SJP) on bone mineral density regulations. The purpose of this work was to analyze the composition and osteogenic activity of SJP and explore its underlying mechanism. The results showed that SJP stimulated cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, SJP could promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells by altering the cell cycle progression and regulating the expression of Cyclins. Besides, SJP activated the WNT/β-catenin pathway and increased the nuclear level of the active form β-catenin. Furthermore, SJP also induced the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) and increase the phosphorylation levels of p38, JNK, and ERK, suggesting that the osteogenic activity of SJP may be achieved through the activation of WNT/β-catenin and BMP/MAPK signal pathways. In vivo, SJP significantly inhibited the serum levels of RANKL, ALP, and TRAP, whereas it increased the levels of osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin in OVX-mice. These results indicate that SJP may have the potential to stimulate bone formation and regeneration, and may be used as a functional food or nutritional supplement to prevent osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Dalian Feide Biological Industry Co., Ltd., Dalian 116085, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Ming Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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7
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Wang Z, Huang Y, Chu F, Ji S, Liao K, Cui Z, Chen J, Tang S. Clock Gene Nr1d1 Alleviates Retinal Inflammation Through Repression of Hmga2 in Microglia. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5901-5918. [PMID: 34795498 PMCID: PMC8594447 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s326091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of several retinal diseases. As one of the core clock genes, Nr1d1 has been reported to suppress inflammation in many diseases. We investigated whether pharmacological activation of Nr1d1 can inhibit retinal inflammation and delineated the mechanisms of Nr1d1 in alleviating microglia activation. Methods Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced mice models were used to examine the effects of SR9009 (agonist of NR1D1) treatment on inflammatory phenotypes in vivo. Anti-inflammatory effects of Nr1d1 and associated mechanisms were investigated in the BV2 microglia cell line, and in primary retinal microglia in vitro. Results SR9009 treatment alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory cell infiltration, elevated cytokine levels and morphological changes of the microglia in mice models. In LPS-stimulated BV2 cells and primary retinal microglia, SR9009 suppressed cytokine expressions by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, SR9009 treatment increased the levels of the M2 phenotype marker (CD206) and the proportions of ramified microglia. Suppression of Nr1d1 with siRNA reversed the inhibitory effects of SR9009 on cytokine production in BV2 cells. RNA-seq analysis showed that genes that were upregulated following Nr1d1 knockdown were enriched in inflammatory-associated biological processes. Subsequently, ChIP-seq of NR1D1 in BV2 was performed, and the results were integrated with RNA-seq results using the Binding and Expression Target Analysis (BETA) tool. Luciferase assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), qPCR and Western blotting assays revealed that NR1D1 binds the promoter of Hmga2 to suppress its transcription. Notably, overexpressed Hmga2 in activated microglia could partly abolish the anti-inflammatory effects of Nr1d1. Conclusion The clock gene Nr1d1 protects against retinal inflammation and microglia activation in part by suppressing Hmga2 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Aier Eye Institute, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinhua Huang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Aier Eye Institute, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Feixue Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangli Ji
- Aier Eye Institute, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liao
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Aier Eye Institute, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zekai Cui
- Aier Eye Institute, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Aier Eye Institute, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibo Tang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Aier Eye Institute, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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8
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Zhang X, Ma L, Tang Y, Han J, Qi Y, Huang D. Low-dose cadmium exposure facilitates cell proliferation by promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A and DAPK1 genes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:2313-2321. [PMID: 34402589 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) at low concentrations has a potential to promote cell proliferation. However, the molecular mechanisms of Cd-induced proliferation are not well understood. Here, we reported that Cd (0-500 nM) significantly promoted the proliferation of HepG2 cells as demonstrated by elevated cell viability, more EdU-positive cells and increased gene expression of KI-67 and COX-2. Meanwhile, the gene expression of DNA methyltransferases was found to be elevated while that of tumor suppressor genes DAPK1 and RASSF1A were decreased under Cd exposure. Correspondingly, the methylation level of promoters in DAPK1 and RASSF1A were increased. Specifically, the CpG sites at -461 (Chr3:50, 374, 481) of RASSF1A promoter, and that at -260 (Chr9:90, 113, 207), -239 (Chr9:90, 113, 228), and -68 (Chr9:90, 113, 399) of DAPK1 promoter, were significantly hypermethylated. Moreover, 5-azacytidine (an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase) partly impaired Cd-induced promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A and DAPK1 genes, increased their expressions and slowed down Cd-induced cell proliferation, suggesting that DNA methylation play an essential part in Cd-boosted proliferation. The study showed that Cd caused promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A and DAPK1, decreasing their expression and leading to higher level of cell proliferation. Furthermore, Cd at low concentrations could influence DNA methylation, which may serve as the proliferative mechanism of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Wildlife Management, Administration of Wildlife, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Tang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangyuan Han
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Qi
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dejun Huang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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9
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Mei J, Dlamini MB, Gao Z, Jiang L, Li Q, Geng C, Shi X, Liu Y, Kong Y, Cao J. A requirement for autophagy in HMGA2-induced metabolic reprogramming to support Cd-induced migration. Toxicology 2021; 462:152928. [PMID: 34481905 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
High mobility group A2 (HMGA2) is closely related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of tumors. But the mechanism is unclear. Metabolic reprogramming is a dominant way to meet anabolic and energy requirements of tumor cells for their survival, growth and proliferation. Here, we investigated the role of metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis mediated by HMGA2/autophagy axis in cadmium (Cd, CdCl2)-induced migration. First, we found that Cd induced glycolysis and reduced OXPHOS in vivo (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.p. or 0.8 and 1.6 μM, i.t.) and in vitro (2 μM in A549 cells and 0.05 μM in HELF cells). Then, genetic knockdown of HMGA2 restored Cd-reduced mitochondrial mass and OXPHOS and inhibited Cd-increased glycolysis, indicating that HMGA2 was involved in Cd-induced metabolic reprogramming. 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2DG, 5 mM), the inhibitor of glycolysis decreased Cd/HMGA2-induced cell migration and restored Cd/HMGA2-decreased OXPHOS and mitochondrial mass. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-Methyladenine (3MA, 3 mM) elucidated an essential role of autophagy in HMGA2-induced glycolysis, migration, and HMGA2-reduced OXPHOS. Overall, our study demonstrated that autophagy was required for HMGA2-mediated metabolic reprogramming, which was critical for Cd-induced migration. Targeting HMGA2 and autophagy-dependent reprogrammed metabolism may be an effective way to inhibit Cd-induced cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Mei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Mongameli B Dlamini
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zeyun Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chengyan Geng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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10
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HMGA2 as a Critical Regulator in Cancer Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020269. [PMID: 33668453 PMCID: PMC7917704 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mobility group protein 2 (HMGA2) regulates gene expression by binding to AT-rich regions of DNA. Akin to other DNA architectural proteins, HMGA2 is highly expressed in embryonic stem cells during embryogenesis, while its expression is more limited at later stages of development and in adulthood. Importantly, HMGA2 is re-expressed in nearly all human malignancies, where it promotes tumorigenesis by multiple mechanisms. HMGA2 increases cancer cell proliferation by promoting cell cycle entry and inhibition of apoptosis. In addition, HMGA2 influences different DNA repair mechanisms and promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by activating signaling via the MAPK/ERK, TGFβ/Smad, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NFkB, and STAT3 pathways. Moreover, HMGA2 supports a cancer stem cell phenotype and renders cancer cells resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss these oncogenic roles of HMGA2 in different types of cancers and propose that HMGA2 may be used for cancer diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes.
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Wang X, Wang J, Wu J. Emerging roles for HMGA2 in colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100894. [PMID: 33069103 PMCID: PMC7563012 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HMGA2 (High Mobility Group AT-hook 2) has been reported to promote colorectal cancer (CRC) development by regulating the transcription of target genes. It participates in nearly all aspects of cellular processes, including cell transformation, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, metastasis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), DNA repair and stem cell self-renewal. In the past decades, a group of downstream targets and binding partners have been identified in a wide range of cancers. Our findings of HMGA2 as a key factor in the MDM2/p53, IL11/STAT3 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways prompt us to summarize current advances in the functional and molecular basis of HMGA2 in CRC. In this review, we address the roles of HMGA2 in the oncogenic networks of CRC based on recent advances. We review its aberrant expression, explore underlying mechanisms, discuss its pro-tumorigenic effects, and highlight promising small-molecule inhibitors based on targeting HMGA2 here. However, the understanding of HMGA2 in CRC progression is still elusive, thus we also discuss the future perspectives in this review. Collectively, this review provides novel insights into the oncogenic properties of HMGA2, which has potential implications in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. HMGA2 promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) development by regulating the transcriptions of target genes. Circulating cell-free HMGA2 mRNA has been identified as a potential screening marker in CRC. HMGA2 appears to be a key factor in the networks of MDM2/p53, IL11/STAT3 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in CRC. Many agents and siRNAs serve as potential therapeutic approaches by targeting HMGA2 for the treatment of CRC. Deciphering HMGA2-mediated machinery helps to conceive effective therapy strategies and develop novel inhibitors in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Department of Colorectal Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Department of Colorectal Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Wang Y, Hao J, Zhang S, Li L, Wang R, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Liu J. Inflammatory injury and mitophagy induced by Cr(VI) in chicken liver. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22980-22988. [PMID: 32329004 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cr(VI) is a widely used chemical. Excessive Cr(VI) exposure not only causes inflammatory damage but also induces mitophagy. This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of Cr(VI) on inflammatory injury and mitophagy in chicken liver. A total of 120 Hyland Brown cockerels (1 day old) were randomly divided into four groups and orally treated with different Cr(VI) doses (10% median lethal dose, 6% median lethal dose, 2% median lethal dose, and 0% median lethal dose) daily for 45 days to explore the underlying mechanism. Results showed that excessive Cr(VI) increased tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and heat shock protein but decreased interferon-γ expression and adenosine triphosphate content in chicken liver. Cr(VI) significantly increased reactive oxygen species production, induced mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, and promoted autophagosome formation. Cr(VI) treatment also caused an increase in LC3-II, stimulated Parkin translocation, and inhibited the expression of p62/SQSTM1 and translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20. Therefore, excessive Cr(VI) caused inflammatory damage and mitophagy in chicken liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jiajia Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Liping Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Run Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yiran Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Lemaire J, Mireault M, Jumarie C. Zinc interference with Cd‐induced hormetic effect in differentiated Caco‐2 cells: Evidence for inhibition downstream ERK activation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 34:e22437. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joannie Lemaire
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, groupe TOXENUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréal Québec Canada
| | - Myriam Mireault
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, groupe TOXENUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréal Québec Canada
| | - Catherine Jumarie
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, groupe TOXENUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréal Québec Canada
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Zhang S, Mo Q, Wang X. Oncological role of HMGA2 (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 55:775-788. [PMID: 31432151 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) protein is a non‑histone architectural transcription factor that modulates the transcription of several genes by binding to AT‑rich sequences in the minor groove of B‑form DNA and alters the chromatin structure. As a result, HMGA2 influences a variety of biological processes, including the cell cycle process, DNA damage repair process, apoptosis, senescence, epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and telomere restoration. In addition, the overexpression of HMGA2 is a feature of malignancy, and its elevated expression in human cancer predicts the efficacy of certain chemotherapeutic agents. Accumulating evidence has suggested that the detection of HMGA2 can be used as a routine procedure in clinical tumour analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Qiuping Mo
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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15
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Humayun Fard H, Hosseini SA, Azarbayjani MA, Nikbakht M. Antiapoptotic Effects of Continuous Training and Selenium Consumption on the Liver Tissue of Cadmium-Exposed Rats. MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION AND HEALTH 2019; 6. [DOI: 10.5812/mejrh.91278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
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16
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Ospondpant D, Phuagkhaopong S, Suknuntha K, Sangpairoj K, Kasemsuk T, Srimaroeng C, Vivithanaporn P. Cadmium induces apoptotic program imbalance and cell cycle inhibitor expression in cultured human astrocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 65:53-59. [PMID: 30537571 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a highly neurotoxic heavy metal impairing neurogenesis and induces neurodegenerative disorders. Toxic concentrations of cadmium induce astrocytic apoptosis by depleting intracellular glutathione levels, elevating intracellular calcium levels, altering mitochondria membrane potentials, and activating JNK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Cadmium suppresses cell proliferation in kidney epithelial cells, lung fibroblasts, and primary myelocytes; however, cadmium's effects on proteins regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell proliferation in astrocytes are less known. The present study hypothesized that cadmium alters levels of antioxidant enzymes, apoptotic regulator proteins, and cell cycle inhibitor proteins, resulting in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Concentrations ≥20 μM cadmium induced apoptosis and led to intracellular changes including DNA fragmentation, reduced mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (i.e., catalase and glutathione S transferase-A4), downregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and upregulation of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). Moreover, cadmium suppressed astrocytic proliferation by inducing S and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and promoting p53, p21, and p27 expression. In conclusion, this study provides mechanistic insight into cadmium-induced cytotoxicity of astrocytes and highlights potential targets for prevention of cadmium-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusadee Ospondpant
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kran Suknuntha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Kant Sangpairoj
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Thitima Kasemsuk
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Chutima Srimaroeng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pornpun Vivithanaporn
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Translational Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Xie J, Ubango J, Ban Y, Chakravarti D, Kim JJ, Wei JJ. Comparative analysis of AKT and the related biomarkers in uterine leiomyomas with MED12, HMGA2, and FH mutations. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2018; 57:485-494. [PMID: 29790226 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas (ULM) are histologically and molecularly heterogeneous and clinically they grow at vastly different rates. Several driver gene mutations have been identified in ULM, including MED12 mutations, HMGA2 overexpression, and biallelic FH inactivation. ULM with different driver mutant genes may use different molecular pathways, but currently no clear correlation between gene mutations and growth related pathways has been established. To better define this relationship, we collected ULM with MED12 (n = 25), HMGA2 (n = 15), and FH (n = 27) mutations and examined the sex steroid hormone, cell cycle, and AKT pathway genes by immunohistochemistry. While ER and PR were highly expressed in all types of ULM, FH ULM showed lower ER expression and higher PR expression. HMGA2 tumors had significantly higher levels of AKT signaling and mitogenic activity than other ULM types. HMGA2 activated AKT signaling through upregulation of IGF2BP2. Silencing HMGA2 in ULM cells resulted in downregulation of AKT and upregulation of p16 and p21, which eventually led to cell senescence. HMGA2 overexpression in ULM is not only related to tumor development but also plays a role in controlling cellular proliferation through the AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xie
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Julianne Ubango
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yanli Ban
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Debabrata Chakravarti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - J Julie Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jian-Jun Wei
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Zhang Y, Xiao F, Zhong C, Zeng M, Zou L. Retracted Article: Cd induces G2/M cell cycle arrest by up-regulating miR-133b via directly targeting PPP2R2D in L02 hepatocytes. Metallomics 2018; 10:1510-1523. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00243f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study could provide a novel epigenetic mechanism for Cd-induced acute hepatotoxicity and it would offer new targets for its intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine
- Changsha 410013
- P. R. China
- Central South University Xiangya School of Public Health
- Changsha 410078
| | - Fang Xiao
- Central South University Xiangya School of Public Health
- Changsha 410078
- P. R. China
| | - Caigao Zhong
- Central South University Xiangya School of Public Health
- Changsha 410078
- P. R. China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Central South University Xiangya School of Public Health
- Changsha 410078
- P. R. China
| | - Lianhong Zou
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine
- Changsha 410013
- P. R. China
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19
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Lv W, Sui L, Yan X, Xie H, Jiang L, Geng C, Li Q, Yao X, Kong Y, Cao J. ROS-dependent Atg4 upregulation mediated autophagy plays an important role in Cd-induced proliferation and invasion in A549 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 279:136-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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HMGA2 upregulation mediates Cd-induced migration and invasion in A549 cells and in lung tissues of mice. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 277:1-7. [PMID: 28830677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal widely found in a number of environmental matrices, and it induces serious adverse effects in various organs and tissues. In this study, the role of high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) in promoting migration and invasion in Cd-treated A549 cells and lung tissues of mice was investigated. Our findings showed that exposure to Cd (2 μM) for 48 h or subcutaneous injection of Cd daily for 6 weeks significantly enhanced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK), and HMGA2 in A549 cells or lung tissues of mice. In A549 cells, HMGA2 knockdown significantly decreased expression of MMP-9, MMP-2 and p-FAK and inhibited the migration and invasion compared to that of only Cd-treated cultures. Overexpression of HMGA2 in HEK-293T cells increased expression of MMP-9, MMP-2 and p-FAK and enhanced the migration and invasion compared with the empty vector transfection group. In conclusion, upregulation of HMGA2 plays an important role in Cd-enhanced migration and invasion. Suppressing HMGA2 expression might have potential values in prevention of Cd-resulted toxicities.
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21
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Yang F, Zhao L, Mei D, Jiang L, Geng C, Li Q, Yao X, Liu Y, Kong Y, Cao J. HMGA2 plays an important role in Cr (VI)-induced autophagy. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:986-997. [PMID: 28510366 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cr (VI) is mutagenic and carcinogenic, but the mechanism is unclear. In this study, the involvement of high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) in Cr (VI)-induced autophagy was investigated. Cr (VI) treatment induced formation of autophagosomes, increased expression of LC3II, Atg12-Atg5, Atg4, Atg10, HMGA1 and HMGA2 proteins, and decreased the expression of p62 in A549 cells. Silencing of HMGA2 gene by siRNA blocked Cr (VI)-induced formation of autophagosomes, expression of LC3II, Atg12-Atg5, Atg10 and reduction of p62. Overexpression of HMGA2 in HEK 293 and HeLa cells could induce the expression of LC3II, Atg12-Atg5 and Atg10, and decrease the expression of p62. Although the protein level of Atg12-Atg5 conjugation changed after Cr (VI) treatment, silencing of HMGA2 and overexpression of HMGA2, both the proteins and mRNA levels of Atg12 and Atg5 were not changed significantly. ChIP assay demonstrated that HMGA2 protein directly bound to the promoter sequence of Atg10 gene, which modulated the conjugation of Atg12-Atg5. Interestingly, 3-MA markedly prevented Cr (VI)-induced cell growth of A549 cells. Our further in vivo study confirmed that the expression of HMGA1, HMGA2, LC3II, Atg12-Atg5, Atg4, Atg5, Atg7, Atg10, Atg12, Beclin 1 were increased and p62 was reduced in lung tissues of Cr (VI)-treated BALB/c mice. Combining, our data demonstrated that HMGA2 plays an important role in Cr (VI)-induced autophagy and the mechanism underlies Atg12-Atg5 conjugation modulated by HMGA2-dependent transcriptional regulation of Atg10. This suggests that HMGA2 might be an important biomarker in Cr (VI)-induced autophagy, cell-growth or other toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Lian Zhao
- Dalian Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dan Mei
- Dalian Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Chengyan Geng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
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Wu C, Zhang Y, Chai L, Wang H. Oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and malformation of Bufo gargarizans embryo exposed to sub-lethal cadmium concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 49:97-104. [PMID: 27984779 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) is critical for vertebrate postembryonic development as well as embryonic development. Chinese toad (Bufo gargarizans) embryos were exposed to different concentrations of cadmium (5, 50, 100, 200 and 500μg Cd L-1) for 7days. Malformations were monitored daily, and growth and development of embryos were measured at day 4 and 7, and type 2 and 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio2 and Dio3), thyroid hormone receptors (TRα and TRβ) mRNA levels were also measured to assess disruption of TH synthesis. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) mRNA expression were examined to evaluate the ability of scavenging ROS. Our results demonstrated a bimodal inhibitory effect of Cd on the embryo growth and development of Bufo gargarizans. Reduced mean stage, total length and weight were observed at 5, 50, 200 and 500, but not at 100μg Cd L-1. Embryos malformation occurred in all cadmium treatments. Morphological abnormalities of embryos are characterized by axial flexures, abdominal edema, stunted growth and fin flexure. Real-time PCR results show that exposure to cadmium down-regulated TRα and Dio3 mRNA expression and up-regulated Dio2 mRNA level. SOD and GPx mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated after cadmium exposure. We concluded that cadmium could change mRNA expression of TRα, Dio2 and Dio3 leading the inhibition of growth and development of B. gargarizans embryo, which suggests that cadmium might have the endocrine-disrupting effect in embryos. Moreover, the reduced ability of scavenging ROS induced by cadmium might be responsible for the teratogenic effects of cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lihong Chai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Xing Z, Yu L, Li X, Su X. Anticancer bioactive peptide-3 inhibits human gastric cancer growth by targeting miR-338-5p. Cell Biosci 2016; 6:53. [PMID: 27688872 PMCID: PMC5034486 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-016-0112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer incidence and mortality have been increasing in China, making cancer the leading cause of death since 2010 and a major public health concern in the country. Cancer stem cells have been studied in relation to the treatment of different malignancies, including gastric cancer. Anticancer bioactive peptide-3 (ACBP-3) can induce the apoptosis of gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) and reduce their tumorigenicity. In the present study, for the first time, we used a miRNA microarray and bioinformatics analysis to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in ACBP-3-treated GCSCs and GCSC-derived tumors in a xenograft model and functionally verified the identified miRNAs. miR-338-5p was selected based on its significant upregulation by ACBP-3 both in cultured GCSCs and in tumor tissues. RESULTS miR-338-5p was downregulated in GCSCs compared with normal gastric epithelial cells, and the ectopic restoration of miR-338-5p expression in GCSCs inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, which correlated with the upregulation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins BAK and BIM. We also found that ACBP-3-treated GCSCs could respond to lower effective doses of cisplatin (DDP) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), possibly because ACBP-3 induced the expression of miR-338-5p and the BAK and BIM proteins and promoted GCSC apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that miR-338-5p is part of an important pathway for the inhibition of human gastric cancer stem cell proliferation by ACBP-3 combined with chemotherapeutics. ACBP-3 could suppress GCSC proliferation and lower the required effective dose of cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil. Therefore, this study provides not only further evidence for the remarkable anti-tumor effect of ACBP-3 but also a possible new approach for the development of GCSC-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xing
- Department of Cell Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Yu
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia China
| | - Xian Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia China
| | - Xiulan Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia China
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