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Otitoju OB, Alfred MO, Olorunnisola CG, Aderinola FT, Ogunlaja OO, Olukanni OD, Ogunlaja A, Omorogie MO, Unuabonah EI. Distribution and toxicity of dihydroxybenzenes in drinking water sources in Nigeria. RSC Adv 2024; 14:982-994. [PMID: 38174237 PMCID: PMC10759166 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04877b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study provides, for the first time, data on the distribution and toxicity of catechol (CAT) and hydroquinone (HQ) in drinking water sources from Africa. Groundwater (boreholes and hand-dug wells) and surface water in three Southwestern States in Nigeria served as sampling sites. The concentrations of CAT and HQ in groundwater and surface water were determined throughout a period of 12 months, evaluating the effects of seasonal variation (rainy and dry seasons). Mean concentrations of CAT in water samples were higher than those of HQ. In this study, CAT was more frequently detected, with its mean concentration in groundwater samples higher in the rainy season (430 μg L-1) than in the dry season (175 μg L-1). Multivariate analysis using the Principal Component Analysis Software suggests that in most sample sites, CAT and HQ in water samples were from entirely different anthropogenic sources. The most impacted population groups were the toddlers and infants. Similarly, maximum and median concentrations of CAT in water samples pose serious risks to Daphnia at both acute and chronic levels. The results from this study suggest the need for further control of these dihydroxybenzenes through regular monitoring and removal from drinking water during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaferanmi B Otitoju
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University PMB 230 Ede Osun State Nigeria +234 805 317 5971 +234 903 878 7959
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University PMB 230 Ede Osun State Nigeria
| | - Moses O Alfred
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University PMB 230 Ede Osun State Nigeria +234 805 317 5971 +234 903 878 7959
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University PMB 230 Ede Osun State Nigeria
| | - Chidinma G Olorunnisola
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University PMB 230 Ede Osun State Nigeria +234 805 317 5971 +234 903 878 7959
| | - Francis T Aderinola
- Department of Civil Engineering, Redeemer's University PMB 230 Ede Osun State Nigeria
| | - Olumuyiwa O Ogunlaja
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University PMB 230 Ede Osun State Nigeria +234 805 317 5971 +234 903 878 7959
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Lead City University Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Olumide D Olukanni
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University PMB 230 Ede Osun State Nigeria +234 805 317 5971 +234 903 878 7959
- Department of Biochemistry, Redeemer's University PMB 230 Ede Osun State Nigeria
| | - Aemere Ogunlaja
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University PMB 230 Ede Osun State Nigeria +234 805 317 5971 +234 903 878 7959
- Department of Biological Sciences, Redeemer's University PMB 230 Ede Osun State Nigeria
| | - Martins O Omorogie
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University PMB 230 Ede Osun State Nigeria +234 805 317 5971 +234 903 878 7959
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University PMB 230 Ede Osun State Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel I Unuabonah
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University PMB 230 Ede Osun State Nigeria +234 805 317 5971 +234 903 878 7959
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University PMB 230 Ede Osun State Nigeria
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Goodman S, Chappell G, Guyton KZ, Pogribny IP, Rusyn I. Epigenetic alterations induced by genotoxic occupational and environmental human chemical carcinogens: An update of a systematic literature review. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 789:108408. [PMID: 35690411 PMCID: PMC9188653 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations, such as changes in DNA methylation, histones/chromatin structure, nucleosome positioning, and expression of non-coding RNAs, are recognized among key characteristics of carcinogens; they may occur independently or concomitantly with genotoxic effects. While data on genotoxicity are collected through standardized guideline tests, data collected on epigenetic effects is far less uniform. In 2016, we conducted a systematic review of published studies of genotoxic carcinogens that reported epigenetic endpoints to better understand the evidence for epigenetic alterations of human carcinogens, and the potential association with genotoxic endpoints. Since then, the number of studies of epigenetic effects of chemicals has nearly doubled. This review stands as an update on epigenetic alterations induced by occupational and environmental human carcinogens that were previously and recently classified as Group 1 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We found that the evidence of epigenetic effects remains uneven across agents. Studies of DNA methylation are most abundant, while reports concerning effects on non-coding RNA have increased over the past 5 years. By contrast, mechanistic toxicology studies of histone modifications and chromatin state alterations remain few. We found that most publications of epigenetic effects of carcinogens were studies in exposed humans or human cells. Studies in rodents represent the second most common species used for epigenetic studies in toxicology, in vivo exposures being the most predominant. Future studies should incorporate dose- and time-dependent study designs and also investigate the persistence of effects following cessation of exposure, considering the dynamic nature of most epigenetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Goodman
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Igor P Pogribny
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Gao B, Li S, Li G. Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 5 (SNHG5) Regulates Proliferation, Differentiation, and Apoptosis of K562 Cells in Chronic Myeliod Leukemia. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6812-6819. [PMID: 31506418 PMCID: PMC6753843 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell disorder with high malignant and invasive activity. lncRNA SNHG5 has been reported to be upregulated in CML. However, whether it affects the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in CML cells is still unknown. This study investigated the role of SNHG5 in CML and revealed the potential mechanism. Material/Methods K562 cells were transfected with shRNA, and the expression level of SNHG5 was assessd by quantitative RT-PCR. The proliferation ability was determined by CCK-8 assay. Western blot analysis was performed to detect protein expressions related to cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Cell apoptosis rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. The DNA methylation level was determined by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Results Our results show that inhibition of SNHG5 induced by RNA interference significantly inhibits K562 cells proliferation and induces cell differentiation with the increased expression of CD42b, CD11b, CD14, GATA-1, and β-globin. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that inhibition of SNHG5 significantly induced cell apoptosis with decreased expression of Bcl-2 and increased expression of Bax and cleaved capase-3. Additionally, Western blot and MSP analyses confirmed that inhibition of SNHG5 increased the expression of DR4 gene through suppressing its methylation. Conclusions Inhibition of SNHG5 suppressed K562 cell proliferation through inducing the differentiation and apoptosis by inhibiting methylation of DR4. Therefore, downregulated SNHG5 could play a key role in CML progression, and might provide a new strategy for the treatment of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Song Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Yu CH, Li Y, Zhao X, Yang SQ, Li L, Cui NX, Rong L, Yi ZC. Benzene metabolite 1,2,4-benzenetriol changes DNA methylation and histone acetylation of erythroid-specific genes in K562 cells. Arch Toxicol 2018; 93:137-147. [PMID: 30327826 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
1,2,4-Benzenetriol (BT) is one of the phenolic metabolites of benzene, a general occupational hazard and ubiquitous environmental air pollutant with leukemogenic potential in humans. Previous studies have revealed that the benzene metabolites phenol and hydroquinone can inhibit hemin-induced erythroid differentiation in K562 cells. We investigated the roles of DNA methylation and histone acetylation in BT-inhibited erythroid differentiation in K562 cells. When K562 cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20 µM BT for 72 h, hemin-induced hemoglobin synthesis decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Both 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR, DNA methyltransferase inhibitor) and trichostatin A (TSA, histone deacetylases inhibitor) could prevent 20 µM BT from inhibiting hemin-induced hemoglobin synthesis and the mRNA expression of erythroid genes. Exposure to BT changed DNA methylation levels at several CpG sites of erythroid-specific genes, as well as the acetylation of histone H3 and H4, chromatin occupancy of GATA-1 and recruitment of RNA polymerase II at α-globin and β-globin gene clusters after hemin induction. These results demonstrated that BT could inhibit hemin-induced erythroid differentiation, where DNA methylation and histone acetylation also played important roles by down-regulating erythroid-specific genes. This partly explained the mechanisms of benzene hematotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Yu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shui-Qing Yang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ning-Xuan Cui
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Long Rong
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zong-Chun Yi
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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