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Zhang J, Yin Z, Liang Z, Bai Y, Zhang T, Yang J, Li X, Xue L. Impacts of cryopreservation on phenotype and functionality of mononuclear cells in peripheral blood and ascites. J Transl Int Med 2024; 12:51-63. [PMID: 38525442 PMCID: PMC10956725 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2023-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mononuclear cells in peripheral blood and ascites are important clinical resources commonly used in translational and basic research. However, the impact of different cryopreservation durations and extra freeze-thaw cycles on the number and function of mononuclear cells is unknown. Methods Peripheral blood samples (n = 21) and ascites samples (n = 8) were collected from healthy volunteers and ovarian cancer patients. Mononuclear cells were isolated, frozen, and thawed at 6 and 12 months. The impact of cryopreservation on cell viability, the phenotype, and the activation and proliferation of T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Single-cell sequencing was applied to investigate the underlying mechanism. Results The cell number and viability of mononuclear cells in peripheral blood and ascites were significantly decreased after cryopreservation. The T lymphocytes, especially CD4+ T cells, were affected the most significantly. By contrast, monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, and B cells were more tolerant. Meanwhile, T cell proliferation and IL-2 secretion are significantly affected after long-term cryopreservation. Mechanistically, the cell death induced by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) was involved in the reduction of CD4+ T cells after cryopreservation. Conclusions Our data indicates that different subtypes of mononuclear cells exhibit different tolerance capacities upon cryopreservation. Thus, our research can provide evidence and support for individuals who are conducting experiments using frozen clinical patient-derived mononuclear cells, for basic research or clinical trials. In addition, extra caution is worthwhile when researchers compare immune cell functionality from peripheral blood or ascites across datasets obtained in different cryopreservation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongnan Yin
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Liang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianling Yang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xianlong Li
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Royer L, Chauvin M, Dhiab J, Pedruzzi E, Boddaert J, Sauce D, Vallet H. Expression of immune checkpoint on subset of monocytes in old patients. Exp Gerontol 2023; 181:112267. [PMID: 37562546 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoints and their ligands are important actors of lymphocytes and monocytes activation's regulation. Their expression level within T cells changes with aging. Despite the major impact of aging on monocytes, there is no data about the expression of ICs on monocytes from old patients. The objective of our study is to describe the expression of ICs and their ligands on monocytes from young individuals compared to old patients. METHODS We included 18 old control (>75 years old), 10 young control (<55 years old) and 45 old patients with hip fracture (HF). Phenotypical and functional analyses were performed on cryopreserved PBMCs. RESULTS There is a differential expression of immune checkpoints and their ligands within monocyte subtypes regardless of age at baseline. After stimulation, a differential expression of immune checkpoints in young subjects but not in old subjects was observed which would be in favor of a regulation defect in old subjects. We hypothesize that this lack of regulation could partially explain the excess production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the stimulated monocytes in old subjects. In HF, we also observe a differential expression of immune checkpoints, especially in old patients with a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the immune regulation which should take place post-acute stress may be affected in old individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Royer
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1135, Centre d'immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), France; Department of Geriatrics, Saint Antoine hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), F75012 Paris, France
| | - Manon Chauvin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1135, Centre d'immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), France
| | - Jamila Dhiab
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1135, Centre d'immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), France
| | - Eric Pedruzzi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1135, Centre d'immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), France
| | - Jacques Boddaert
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1135, Centre d'immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), France; Department of Geriatrics, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), F75012 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Sauce
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1135, Centre d'immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), France
| | - Hélène Vallet
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1135, Centre d'immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), France; Department of Geriatrics, Saint Antoine hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), F75012 Paris, France.
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Xu J, Lodge T, Kingdon C, Strong JWL, Maclennan J, Lacerda E, Kujawski S, Zalewski P, Huang WE, Morten KJ. Developing a Blood Cell-Based Diagnostic Test for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Using Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302146. [PMID: 37653608 PMCID: PMC10602530 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is characterized by debilitating fatigue that profoundly impacts patients' lives. Diagnosis of ME/CFS remains challenging, with most patients relying on self-report, questionnaires, and subjective measures to receive a diagnosis, and many never receiving a clear diagnosis at all. In this study, a single-cell Raman platform and artificial intelligence are utilized to analyze blood cells from 98 human subjects, including 61 ME/CFS patients of varying disease severity and 37 healthy and disease controls. These results demonstrate that Raman profiles of blood cells can distinguish between healthy individuals, disease controls, and ME/CFS patients with high accuracy (91%), and can further differentiate between mild, moderate, and severe ME/CFS patients (84%). Additionally, specific Raman peaks that correlate with ME/CFS phenotypes and have the potential to provide insights into biological changes and support the development of new therapeutics are identified. This study presents a promising approach for aiding in the diagnosis and management of ME/CFS and can be extended to other unexplained chronic diseases such as long COVID and post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome, which share many of the same symptoms as ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Xu
- Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxfordOX1 3PJUK
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8LTUK
| | - Tiffany Lodge
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive HealthUniversity of OxfordThe Women CentreJohn Radcliffe HospitalHeadley Way, HeadingtonOxfordOX3 9DUUK
| | - Caroline Kingdon
- Faculty of Infectious DiseasesLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineKeppel StLondonWC1E 7HTUK
| | - James W. L. Strong
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive HealthUniversity of OxfordThe Women CentreJohn Radcliffe HospitalHeadley Way, HeadingtonOxfordOX3 9DUUK
| | - John Maclennan
- Soft Cell Biological ResearchAttwood Innovation Center453 S 600 ESt. GeorgeUT84770USA
| | - Eliana Lacerda
- Faculty of Infectious DiseasesLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineKeppel StLondonWC1E 7HTUK
| | - Slawomir Kujawski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional AnatomyCollegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus University in TorunSwietojanska 20Bydgoszcz85‐077Poland
| | - Pawel Zalewski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional AnatomyCollegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus University in TorunSwietojanska 20Bydgoszcz85‐077Poland
- Department of Experimental and Clinical PhysiologyWarsaw Medical UniversityStefana Banacha 2aWarszawa02‐097Poland
| | - Wei E. Huang
- Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxfordOX1 3PJUK
| | - Karl J. Morten
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive HealthUniversity of OxfordThe Women CentreJohn Radcliffe HospitalHeadley Way, HeadingtonOxfordOX3 9DUUK
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Haider P, Hoberstorfer T, Salzmann M, Fischer MB, Speidl WS, Wojta J, Hohensinner PJ. Quantitative and Functional Assessment of the Influence of Routinely Used Cryopreservation Media on Mononuclear Leukocytes for Medical Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031881. [PMID: 35163803 PMCID: PMC8837123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative and functional analysis of mononuclear leukocyte populations is an invaluable tool to understand the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of a disease. Cryopreservation of mononuclear cells (MNCs) is routinely used to guarantee similar experimental conditions. Immune cells react differently to cryopreservation, and populations and functions of immune cells change during the process of freeze–thawing. To allow for a setup that preserves cell number and function optimally, we tested four different cryopreservation media. MNCs from 15 human individuals were analyzed. Before freezing and after thawing, the distribution of leukocytes was quantified by flow cytometry. Cultured cells were stimulated using lipopolysaccharide, and their immune response was quantified by flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ultimately, the performance of the cryopreservation media was ranked. Cell recovery and viability were different between the media. Cryopreservation led to changes in the relative number of monocytes, T cells, B cells, and their subsets. The inflammatory response of MNCs was altered by cryopreservation, enhancing the basal production of inflammatory cytokines. Different cryopreservation media induce biases, which needs to be considered when designing a study relying on cryopreservation. Here, we provide an overview of four different cryopreservation media for choosing the optimal medium for a specific task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Haider
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.H.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (W.S.S.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Timothy Hoberstorfer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.H.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (W.S.S.)
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.H.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (W.S.S.)
| | - Michael B. Fischer
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Walter S. Speidl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.H.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (W.S.S.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.H.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (W.S.S.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40400-73500
| | - Philipp J. Hohensinner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Wang PH, Wu MF, Hsu CY, Lin SY, Chang YN, Lee HS, Wei YF, Shu CC. The Dynamic Change of Immune Checkpoints and CD14+ Monocytes in Latent Tuberculosis Infection. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101479. [PMID: 34680598 PMCID: PMC8533229 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is important for preventing tuberculosis (TB). However, the immune regulation of LTBI remains uncertain. Immune checkpoints and CD14+ monocytes are pivotal for immune defense but have been scarcely studied in LTBI. We prospectively enrolled participants with LTBI and controls from January 2017 to December 2019. We measured their CD14+ monocytes and the expression of immune checkpoints, including programmed death-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), and T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-containing-3 (TIM3) on T lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after LTBI treatment. A total of 87 subjects were enrolled, including 29 IGRA-negative healthy controls (HC), 58 in the LTBI group (19 without chronic kidney disease (non-CKD), and 39 with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)). All PD-1, CTLA-4, and TIM3 on lymphocytes and monocytes were higher in the LTBI group than that in the HC group. Total CD14+ monocytes were higher and PD-L2+CD14+ over monocytes were lower in patients with LTBI-non-CKD than that in the HC group. After LTBI treatment, CD14+ monocytes, TIM3+ on CD4+ and monocytes, and CTLA-4 on lymphocytes decreased significantly. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that CD14+ monocytes was an independent factor for LTBI-non-CKD from the HC group, whereas PD-L2+CD14+ monocytes and TIM3+ monocytes were significant for LTBI-ESRD from the HC group. In conclusion, LTBI status was associated with increasing CD14+ monocytes plus low PD-L2 expression. By contrast, increased expression of immune checkpoints over all immune cells might be due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis related immune exhaustion, which decreased after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Huai Wang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Fang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Institute of Statistical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Hsu
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Shu-Yung Lin
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Nan Chang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Ho-Shen Lee
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; (H.-S.L.); (Y.-F.W.)
| | - Yu-Feng Wei
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; (H.-S.L.); (Y.-F.W.)
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chung Shu
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-223123456 (ext. 62905)
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In Vitro Characterization of the Innate Immune Pathways Engaged by Live and Inactivated Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060664. [PMID: 34204532 PMCID: PMC8234070 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection can lead to inflammation of the central nervous system. The disease can be effectively prevented by whole inactivated virus vaccines. Here, we investigated the innate immune profile induced in vitro by the antigen component of the vaccines, inactivated TBEV (I-TBEV), to gain insights into the mechanism of action of the TBE vaccine as compared to the live virus. To this end, we exposed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to inactivated and live TBEV and assessed cellular responses by RNA sequencing. Both inactivated and live TBEV significantly induced an interferon-dominated gene signature and an increased RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) expression. Using pathway-specific inhibitors, we assessed the involvement of pattern recognition receptors in the sensing of inactivated or live TBEV. Only RLR pathway inhibition significantly suppressed the downstream cascade induced by I-TBEV, while responses to the replicating virus were impacted by the inhibition of RIG-I-like, as well as Toll-like, receptors. Our results show that inactivated and live TBEV predominantly engaged an interferon response in our in vitro PBMC platform, and indicate RLRs as the main pattern recognition receptors involved in I-TBEV sensing.
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Assessing biofilm inhibition and immunomodulatory activity of small amounts of synthetic host defense peptides synthesized using SPOT-array technology. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1850-1870. [PMID: 33837303 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are promising drug candidates because of their diversity, biocompatibility and spectrum of activities. Here, we describe a protocol for high-throughput screening of SPOT-peptide arrays to assess the antibiofilm, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities of synthetic peptides. It is a Protocol Extension of our previous Nature Protocols article, which describes the synthesis of SPOT-peptide arrays and assays for screening antimicrobial activity. This latest protocol allows the simultaneous assessment of hundreds of synthetic host defense peptides to define their overall activity profiles and identify candidate sequences that are suitable for further characterization and development as anti-infectives. When coupled with the SPOT-array technology for peptide synthesis, the described procedures are rapid, inexpensive and straightforward for peptide library screening. The protocols can be implemented in most microbiology or immunology research laboratories without the need for specialists. The time to complete each step ranges between 1 and 4 h with overnight pauses, and datasets related to the antibiofilm and immunomodulatory activities of a large set of peptide sequences can be generated in a few days.
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Examining the Gastrointestinal and Immunomodulatory Effects of the Novel Probiotic Bacillus subtilis DE111. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052453. [PMID: 33671071 PMCID: PMC7957723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics make up a large and growing segment of the commercial market of dietary supplements and are touted as offering a variety of human health benefits. Some of the purported positive impacts of probiotics include, but are not limited to, stabilization of the gut microbiota, prevention of gastrointestinal disorders and modulation of the host immune system. Current research suggests that the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics are strain-specific and vary in mode of action. Here, we examined the immunomodulatory properties of Bacillus subtilis strain DE111 in a healthy human population. In a pilot randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled four-week intervention, we examined peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at basal levels pre- and post-intervention, as well as in response to stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We observed an increase in anti-inflammatory immune cell populations in response to ex vivo LPS stimulation of PBMCs in the DE111 intervention group. Overall perceived gastrointestinal health, microbiota, and circulating and fecal markers of inflammation (Il-6, sIgA) and gut barrier function (plasma zonulin) were largely unaffected by DE111 intervention, although the study may have been underpowered to detect these differences. These pilot data provide information and justification to conduct an appropriately powered clinical study to further examine the immunomodulatory potential of B. subtilis DE111 in human populations.
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Nygaard UC, Ulriksen ES, Hjertholm H, Sonnet F, Bølling AK, Andreassen M, Husøy T, Dirven H. Immune cell profiles associated with measured exposure to phthalates in the Norwegian EuroMix biomonitoring study - A mass cytometry approach in toxicology. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106283. [PMID: 33395934 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalate exposure has been associated with immune-related diseases such as asthma and allergies, but there is limited knowledge on mechanisms, effect biomarkers and thus biological support of causality. OBJECTIVES To investigate associations between exposure to the phthalates DEHP (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) and DiNP (diisononyl phthalate) and functional immune cell profiles. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 32 healthy adult Norwegian participants in the EuroMix biomonitoring study were selected based on high or low (n = 16) levels of urine metabolites of DEHP and DiNP. High-dimensional immune cell profiling including phenotyping and functional markers was performed by mass cytometry (CyTOF) using two broad antibody panels after PMA/ionomycin-stimulation. The CITRUS algorithm with unsupervised clustering was used to identify group differences in cell subsets and expression of functional markers, verified by manual gating. RESULTS The group of participants with high phthalate exposure had a higher proportion of some particular innate immune cells, including CD11c positive NK-cell and intermediate monocyte subpopulations. The percentage of IFNγ TNFα double positive NK cells and CD11b expression in other NK cell subsets were higher in the high exposure group. Among adaptive immune cells, however, the percentage of IL-6 and TNFα expressing naïve B cell subpopulations and the percentage of particular naïve cytotoxic T cell populations were lower in the high exposure group. DISCUSSION Cell subset percentages and expression of functional markers suggest that DEHP and DiNP phthalate exposure may stimulate subsets of innate immune cells and suppress adaptive immune cell subsets. By revealing significant immunological differences even in small groups, this study illustrates the promise of the broad and deep information obtained by high-dimensional single cell analyses of human samples to answer toxicological questions regarding health effects of environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unni C Nygaard
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Emilie S Ulriksen
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hege Hjertholm
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8 Oslo, Norway
| | - Friederike Sonnet
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8 Oslo, Norway; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anette K Bølling
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8 Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica Andreassen
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8 Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Husøy
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8 Oslo, Norway
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10
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Campbell VL, Nguyen L, Snoey E, McClurkan CL, Laing KJ, Dong L, Sette A, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ, Roby JA, Gale M, Stone M, Busch MP, Norris PJ, Koelle DM. Proteome-Wide Zika Virus CD4 T Cell Epitope and HLA Restriction Determination. Immunohorizons 2020; 4:444-453. [PMID: 32753403 PMCID: PMC7839664 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that caused an epidemic in 2015-2016. ZIKV-specific T cell responses are functional in animal infection models, and helper CD4 T cells promote avid Abs in the vaccine context. The small volumes of blood available from field research limit the determination of T cell epitopes for complex microbes such as ZIKV. The goal of this project was efficient determination of human ZIKV CD4 T cell epitopes at the whole proteome scale, including validation of reactivity to whole pathogen, using small blood samples from convalescent time points when T cell response magnitude may have waned. Polyclonal enrichment of candidate ZIKV-specific CD4 T cells used cell-associated virus, documenting that T cells in downstream peptide analyses also recognize whole virus after Ag processing. Sequential query of bulk ZIKV-reactive CD4 T cells with pooled/single ZIKV peptides and molecularly defined APC allowed precision epitope and HLA restriction assignments across the ZIKV proteome and enabled discovery of numerous novel ZIKV CD4 T cell epitopes. The research workflow is useful for the study of emerging infectious diseases with a very limited human blood sample availability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - LeAnn Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elise Snoey
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kerry J. Laing
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lichun Dong
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Danny M. Altmann
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary J. Boyton
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justin A. Roby
- Center for Innate Immunity of Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity of Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael P. Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Phillip J. Norris
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David M. Koelle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA,Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA,Corresponding author: David Koelle MD, 750 Republican Street, Room E651, Seattle, WA, 981109, phone 206 616 1940, fax 206 616 4898,
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