1
|
Chen Y, Zhang Z, He G, Liang H, Song X, Xi J, Wen S, Yuan W, Wang Z, Miao M. Associations of prenatal exposure to bisphenols with infant anthropometry: A prospective cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172409. [PMID: 38636856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenols (BPs) have been shown to exhibit developmental toxicities. Epidemiological evidence on prenatal BPs exposure and infant growth primarily confined scopes to specific BPs and birth outcomes, with few studies focusing on infant growth and reporting inconsistent findings. The joint effect of prenatal exposure to BPs mixture on infant growth was rarely studied. OBJECTIVE This study examined associations of prenatal exposure to individual bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues (bisphenol F [BPF], bisphenol S [BPS], bisphenol AF [BPAF], and tetrachlorobisphenol A [TCBPA]) and their mixture with infant growth. METHODS Urinary concentrations of BPs in pregnant women were quantified. Weight, body mass index, skinfold thickness, and circumference measurements of infants were collected at birth, 6 and 12 months of age, rapid growth and overweight were further defined. Multiple linear regression models and Bayesian kernel machine regression models (BKMR) were used to analyze associations of exposure to individual BPs and BPs mixture with infants' anthropometric measurements, and to identify the important components among mixture. The risks for rapid growth and overweight of each BP were determined using modified Poisson regression models. RESULTS A general profile of higher prenatal BPs exposure (mainly BPA, BPF, and BPS) associated with higher anthropometric measurements and higher risks of overweight during infancy was found. We also observed higher risks of rapid growth in infants following prenatal BPs exposure, with risk ratios ranging from 1.46 to 1.91. The joint effect of BPs mixture and single effect of each BP from the BKMR models were consistent with findings from the linear regression models, further suggesting that associations in girls were generally driven by BPA, BPF, or BPS, while in boys mainly by BPF. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to BPs and their mixture could increase anthropometric measurements of offspring during infancy, with implications of altered growth trajectory in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gengsheng He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No.130, Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiuxia Song
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianya Xi
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Sheng Wen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Toxicology, National Reference Laboratory of Dioxin, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Maohua Miao
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Wu H, Li K, Huang R, Liu J, Lu Z, Wang Y, Wang J, Du Y, Jin X, Xu Y, Li B. Environmental triggers of autoimmunity: The association between bisphenol analogues and systemic lupus erythematosus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 278:116452. [PMID: 38744066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to examine the correlation between the exposure to bisphenol analogues (BPs), such as bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol S (BPS), and the risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Ultra performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was utilized to measure the levels of BPA, BPF, and BPS in the urine of 168 female participants diagnosed with SLE and 175 female participants who were deemed healthy controls. Logistic regression models were utilized to assess the connections between levels of bisphenol and the risk of SLE. The findings indicated that levels of BPA and BPF in the urine of individuals with SLE were markedly elevated compared to those in the control group. Higher exposure to BPA and BPF exhibited positive dose-response relationships with increased SLE risk. No significant associations were identified between BPS and the risk of SLE. These findings suggest exposure to BPA and BPF may be implicated as novel environmental triggers in the development of autoimmunity such as SLE. The significantly increased levels of these bisphenol analogues detected in SLE patients versus healthy controls, along with the associations between higher exposures and elevated SLE risk, which offers crucial hints for comprehending how endocrine-disrupting substances contribute to the genesis of autoimmune illnesses. Further research using robust longitudinal assessments of bisphenol analogue exposures is warranted to corroborate these epidemiological findings. Overall, this study highlights potential environmental risk factors for SLE while calling for additional investigation into the impact of bisphenol exposures on autoimmunity development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kaidi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ronggui Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiamin Liu
- Department of Health lnspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhangwei Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yiyuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yujie Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ya Xu
- Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Baozhu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China; Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prueitt RL, Goodman JE. Evidence evaluated by European Food Safety Authority does not support lowering the temporary tolerable daily intake for bisphenol A. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:185-190. [PMID: 38265237 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recently derived a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for bisphenol A (BPA) of 0.2 ng/kg bw/day. There are several issues with EFSA's hazard assessment review process, including that it was based on a limited subset of relevant studies. Multiple public commenters on EFSA's draft evaluation of BPA, including several European regulatory agencies, noted these issues, yet they were not adequately addressed by EFSA in the final evaluation. The TDI for BPA was based on an intermediate immunotoxicity endpoint in mice that has not been observed in other species; there is no evidence that it is a precursor event to any downstream pathological outcome. The TDI is several orders of magnitude lower than estimates of safe doses of BPA established by agencies worldwide, including EFSA's temporary TDI (t-TDI) for BPA established in 2015. Overall, the EFSA hazard assessment review process has led to a conclusion that there are low-dose effects of BPA based on very few, lower quality experimental animal studies. This conclusion is not supported by the totality of the available evidence, which includes multiple high-quality studies not considered by EFSA and indicates that the t-TDI established in 2015 is protective of human health.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu M, Zeng R, Wu D, Li Y, Chen T, Wang A. Research progress of the effects of bisphenol analogues on the intestine and its underlying mechanisms: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117891. [PMID: 38072107 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues have prompted rising concerns, especially in terms of human safety, due to its broad use and ubiquity throughout the ecosystem. Numerous studies reported various adverse effects of bisphenols, including developmental disorders, reproductive toxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, and so on. There is increasing evidence that bisphenols can enter the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, it is important to investigate their effects on the intestine. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have examined the impacts of bisphenols on the intestine. Here, we summarized the literature concerning intestinal toxicity of bisphenols over the past decade and presented compelling evidence of the link between bisphenol exposure and intestinal disorders. Experiment studies revealed that even at low levels, bisphenols could promote intestinal barrier dysregulation, disrupt the composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota as well as induce an immunological response. Moreover, possible underlying mechanisms of these effects were discussed. Because of a lack of empirical data, the potential risk of bisphenol exposure in humans is still unidentified, particularly regarding intestinal disorders. Thus, we propose to conduct additional epidemiological investigations and animal experiments to elucidate the associations between bisphenol exposure and human intestinal health and reveal underlying mechanisms to develop preventative and therapeutic techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, 210036, Nanjing, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zeng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, 210036, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, 210036, Nanjing, China.
| | - Aijie Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Weiss V, Gobec M, Jakopin Ž. Halogenation of common phenolic household and personal care product ingredients enhances their AhR-modulating capacity. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141116. [PMID: 38182088 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, orchestrates responses to numerous structurally diverse endogenous and exogenous ligands. In addition to binding various xenobiotics, AhR also recognizes endocrine disruptors, particularly those featuring chlorinated or brominated aromatic structures. There is limited data available on the impact of common household and personal care product ingredients let alone their halogenated transformation products. Herein we bridge this knowledge gap by preparing a library of chlorinated and brominated parabens, bisphenols, UV filters, and nonylphenols. An evaluation of total of 125 compounds for agonistic and antagonistic activity on AhR unveiled a low micromolar agonist, Cl2BPAF with an EC50 of 13 μM. Moreover, our study identified several AhR antagonists, with BrBzP emerging as the most potent with an IC50 of 8.9 μM. To further investigate the functional implications of these compounds, we subjected the most potent agonist and antagonist to a functional assay involving cytokine secretion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and compared their activity with the commercially available AhR agonist and antagonist. Cl2BPAF exhibited an overall immunosuppressive effect by reducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, while BrBzP displayed opposite effects, leading to an increase of those cytokines. Notably, the immunomodulatory effects of Cl2BPAF surpassed those of ITE, a bona fide AhR agonist, while the impact of BrBzP exceeded that of CH223191, a bona fide AhR antagonist. In summary, our study underscores the potential influence of halogenated transformation products on the AhR pathway and, consequently, their role in shaping the immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Weiss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Gobec
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang Y, Tao Y, Yi X, Zhong G, Gu Y, Cui Y, Zhang Y. Crosstalk between aryl hydrocarbon receptor and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway: Possible culprit of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-mediated cardiotoxicity in zebrafish larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167907. [PMID: 37866606 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Typical plasticizer di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been demonstrated to induce cardiotoxicity in zebrafish, but the potential molecular mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), an essential protein for inducing developmental abnormalities, has been demonstrated to be activated by DEHP in other species, but whether the AhR signaling pathway also contributes to DEHP-mediated cardiac developmental toxicity in zebrafish remains unclear. Firstly, molecular docking simulations initially confirmed the possibility that DEHP has AhR agonistic activity. To further confirm this conjecture, this work analyzed the changes of cardiac-related indexes in zebrafish stressed by DEHP at individual, protein, and gene levels. The results showed that DEHP mediated cardiac phenotypic developmental defects, increased CYP1A1 activity, and oxidative stress as well as significant changes in the expression levels of key proteins and genes of AhR, Wnt/β-catenin, and Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathways. Notably, the addition of AhR inhibitors effectively alleviated the above negative effects, indicating that the AhR signaling pathway and its crosstalk with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is an essential pathway for DEHP-mediated cardiac developmental toxicity. Overall, this work enriches the molecular mechanism of DEHP-mediated cardiac developmental defects in zebrafish and provides a reliable biomarker for future environmental risk assessment of DEHP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yue Tao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Yi
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Guanyu Zhong
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yanyan Gu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yunhe Cui
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gebru YA, Pang MG. Modulatory effects of bisphenol A on the hepatic immune response. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122430. [PMID: 37611793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a primary line of defense for protection from external substances next to the intestinal barrier. As a result, the hepatic immune system plays a central role in liver pathophysiology. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most common endocrine disrupting chemicals and is primarily metabolized in the liver. Due to its ability to bind to estrogen receptors, BPA is well known to possess estrogenic activity and disrupt reproductive functions. The phase I and Phase II metabolism reactions of BPA mainly occur in the liver with the help of enzymes including cytochrome P450 (CYP), uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase-glucuronosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, and glutathione-S-transferases. Although the majority of BPA is excreted after conjugation by these enzymes, untransformed BPA induces the production of reactive oxygen species through disruption of the enzymatic complex CYP, lipid accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory injury in the liver. Moreover, it has been proposed to possess a potential immunomodulatory effect. Indeed, several in vivo and in vitro studies have reported that low doses of BPA increase the population of T cells with type 1 T helper (Th1), Th2, and Th17 cells. Although the current literature lacks clear evidence on the mechanisms by which BPA is involved in T cell mediated immune responses, recent multi-omics studies suggest that it may directly interact with the antigen processing and presentation pathways. In this review, we first discuss the metabolism of BPA in the liver, before exploring currently available data on its effects on liver injury. Finally, we review its modulatory effects on the hepatic immune response, as well as potential mechanisms. By conducting this review, we aim to improve understanding on the relationship between BPA exposure and immune-related liver injury, with a focus on the antigen processing and presentation pathway and T cell-mediated response in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoseph Asmelash Gebru
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prueitt RL, Goodman JE. WITHDRAWN: Letter to editor: Evidence evaluated by EFSA does not support lowering the temporary tolerable daily intake for bisphenol A. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:114057. [PMID: 37739055 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L Prueitt
- Gradient, 600 Stewart Street, Suite 1900, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kodila A, Franko N, Sollner Dolenc M. A review on immunomodulatory effects of BPA analogues. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1831-1846. [PMID: 37204436 PMCID: PMC10256647 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a known endocrine disruptor found in many consumer products that humans come into contact with on a daily basis. Due to increasing concerns about the safety of BPA and the introduction of new legislation restricting its use, industry has responded by adopting new, less studied BPA analogues that have similar polymer-forming properties. Some BPA analogues have already been shown to exhibit effects similar to BPA, for example, contributing to endocrine disruption through agonistic or antagonistic behaviour at various nuclear receptors such as estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), glucocorticoid (GR), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), and pregnane X receptor (PXR). Since the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) issued a draft re-evaluation of BPA and drastically reduced the temporary tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) of BPA from 4 mg/kg body weight/day to 0.2 ng/kg body weight/day due to increasing concern about the toxic properties of BPA, including its potential to disrupt immune system processes, we conducted a comprehensive review of the immunomodulatory activity of environmentally abundant BPA analogues. The results of the review suggest that BPA analogues may affect both the innate and acquired immune systems and can contribute to various immune-mediated conditions such as hypersensitivity reactions, allergies, and disruption of the human microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kodila
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Franko
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marija Sollner Dolenc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wagner VA, Holl KL, Clark KC, Reho JJ, Dwinell MR, Lehmler HJ, Raff H, Grobe JL, Kwitek AE. Genetic background in the rat affects endocrine and metabolic outcomes of bisphenol F exposure. Toxicol Sci 2023; 194:84-100. [PMID: 37191987 PMCID: PMC10306406 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental bisphenol compounds like bisphenol F (BPF) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) affecting adipose and classical endocrine systems. Genetic factors that influence EDC exposure outcomes are poorly understood and are unaccounted variables that may contribute to the large range of reported outcomes in the human population. We previously demonstrated that BPF exposure increased body growth and adiposity in male N/NIH heterogeneous stock (HS) rats, a genetically heterogeneous outbred population. We hypothesize that the founder strains of the HS rat exhibit EDC effects that were strain- and sex-dependent. Weanling littermate pairs of male and female ACI, BN, BUF, F344, M520, and WKY rats randomly received either vehicle (0.1% EtOH) or 1.125 mg BPF/l in 0.1% EtOH for 10 weeks in drinking water. Body weight and fluid intake were measured weekly, metabolic parameters were assessed, and blood and tissues were collected. BPF increased thyroid weight in ACI males, thymus and kidney weight in BUF females, adrenal weight in WKY males, and possibly increased pituitary weight in BN males. BUF females also developed a disruption in activity and metabolic rate with BPF exposure. These sex- and strain-specific exposure outcomes illustrate that HS rat founders possess diverse bisphenol-exposure risk alleles and suggest that BPF exposure may intensify inherent organ system dysfunction existing in the HS rat founders. We propose that the HS rat will be an invaluable model for dissecting gene EDC interactions on health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Wagner
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Katie L Holl
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Karen C Clark
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Melinda R Dwinell
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52246, USA
| | - Hershel Raff
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke’s Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Anne E Kwitek
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou SM, Li JZ, Chen HQ, Zeng Y, Yuan WB, Shi Y, Wang N, Fan J, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Cao J, Liu WB. FTO-Nrf2 axis regulates bisphenol F-induced leydig cell toxicity in an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 325:121393. [PMID: 36878272 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that Bisphenol F (BPF) as an emerging bisphenol pollutant also has caused many hazards to the reproductive systems of humans and animals. However, its specific mechanism is still unclear. The mouse TM3 Leydig cell was used to explore the mechanism of BPF-induced reproductive toxicity in this study. The results showed BPF (0, 20, 40 and 80 μM) exposure for 72 h significantly increased cell apoptosis and decreased cell viability. Correspondingly, BPF increased the expression of P53 and BAX, and decreased the expression of BCL2. Moreover, BPF significantly increased the intracellular ROS level in TM3 cells, and significantly decreased oxidative stress-related molecule Nrf2. BPF decreased the expression of FTO and YTHDF2, and increased the total cellular m6A level. ChIP results showed that AhR transcriptionally regulated FTO. Differential expression of FTO revealed that FTO reduced the apoptosis rate of BPF-exposed TM3 cells and increased the expression of Nrf2, MeRIP confirmed that overexpression of FTO reduced the m6A of Nrf2 mRNA. After differential expression of YTHDF2, it was found that YTHDF2 enhanced the stability of Nrf2, and RIP assay showed that YTHDF2 was bound to Nrf2 mRNA. Nrf2 agonist enhanced the protective effect of FTO on TM3 cells exposure to BPF. Our study is the first to demonstrate that AhR transcriptionally regulated FTO, and then FTO regulated Nrf2 in a m6A-modified manner through YTHDF2, thereby affecting apoptosis in BPF-exposed TM3 cells to induce reproductive damage. It provides new insights into the importance of FTO-YTHDF2-Nrf2 signaling axis in BPF-induced reproductive toxicity and provided a new idea for the prevention of male reproductive injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Meng Zhou
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China; School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Jing-Zhi Li
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wen-Bo Yuan
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China; College of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China; School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nguyen HD. Combination of Donepezil and Memantine Attenuated Cognitive Impairment Induced by Mixed Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: an In Silico Study. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:2072-2088. [PMID: 36367679 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and the combination of memantine and donepezil on the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment. Here, we aimed to identify in silico the molecular mechanisms of the combination of memantine and donepezil that combat cognitive impairment induced by nine common EDCs using GeneMania, AutoDock Vina, Metascape, SwissADME, MIENTURNET, and miRNAsong. We observed that the mixture of memantine and donepezil had therapeutic effects on mixed EDC-induced cognitive impairment via five genes (TNF, ACHE, BAX, IL1B, and CASP3). With ACHE and TNF, donepezil and memantine both had a high docking score, respectively. The predominant connections among five mutual genes were physical interactions (77.6%). The major pathways associated with memantine and donepezil countering cognitive impairment generated by mixed EDCs were discovered to be "AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications," "pro-survival signaling of neuroprotectin D1," and "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease." The miRNAs and transcription factors implicated in memantine and donepezil protecting against mixed EDCs were hsa-miR-128-3p and hsa-miR-34a-5p, NFKB1, NFKB2, IRF8, and E2F4. The sponges' tertiary structure predictions for two major miRNAs were provided. The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of memantine and donepezil highlighted the need for a therapeutic combination of these medications to treat cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Duc Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kimber I, Woeffen N, Sondenheimer K. Bisphenol A, T H17 cells, and allergy: a commentary. J Immunotoxicol 2022; 19:93-99. [PMID: 36070621 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2022.2113842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a continuing interest in whether Bisphenol A (BPA) is able to cause adverse health effects through interaction with elements of the immune system. That interest has been fuelled further by the recent publication of a draft opinion on BPA prepared by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP). This draft opinion judged effects on the immune system to be the most sensitive health outcome, and identified BPA-induced changes in the frequency of T-helper (TH)-17 cells in the spleens of mice as being the critical effect based on an association of these cells with inflammation. Based on these evaluations the CEP Panel recommended that a revised Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) for BPA of 0.04 ng/kg bw/day should be adopted; representing a very substantial reduction (100,000-fold) compared with the existing TDI. The purpose of this commentary is to summarize briefly the role of TH17 cells in immune responses, and to review relevant literature regarding the influence of BPA on these cells, and on inflammatory responses in the lung and respiratory allergy. The conclusion drawn is that based on uncertainties about the effects of BPA on TH17 cells and lung inflammation in mice, the absence of consistent or persuasive evidence from human studies that exposure of BPA is associated with inflammation or allergy, and unresolved questions regarding the species selectivity of immune effects induced by BPA, it is inappropriate to adopt the revised TDI. Additional research is required to explore further the influence of BPA on the immune system and immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Kimber
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alharbi HF, Algonaiman R, Alduwayghiri R, Aljutaily T, Algheshairy RM, Almutairi AS, Alharbi RM, Alfurayh LA, Alshahwan AA, Alsadun AF, Barakat H. Exposure to Bisphenol A Substitutes, Bisphenol S and Bisphenol F, and Its Association with Developing Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192315918. [PMID: 36497992 PMCID: PMC9736995 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A, a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical, has been replaced with its analogs bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) over the last decade due to health concerns. BPS and BPF are present in relatively high concentrations in different products, such as food products, personal care products, and sales receipts. Both BPS and BPF have similar structural and chemical properties to BPA; therefore, considerable scientific efforts have investigated the safety of their exposure. In this review, we summarize the findings of relevant epidemiological studies investigating the association between urinary concentrations of BPS and/or BPF with the incidence of obesity or diabetes. The results showed that BPS and BPF were detected in many urinary samples at median concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 0.4 µg·L-1. At this exposure level, BPS median urinary concentrations (0.4 µg·L-1) were associated with the development of obesity. At a lower exposure level (0.1-0.03 µg·L-1), two studies showed an association with developing diabetes. For BPF exposure, only one study showed an association with obesity. However, most of the reported studies only assessed BPS exposure levels. Furthermore, we also summarize the findings of experimental studies in vivo and in vitro regarding our aim; results support the possible obesogenic effects/metabolic disorders mediated by BPS and/or BPF exposure. Unexpectedly, BPS may promote worse obesogenic effects than BPA. In addition, the possible mode of action underlying the obesogenic effects of BPS might be attributed to various pathophysiological mechanisms, including estrogenic or androgenic activities, alterations in the gene expression of critical adipogenesis-related markers, and induction of oxidative stress and an inflammatory state. Furthermore, susceptibility to the adverse effects of BPS may be altered by sex differences according to the results of both epidemiological and experimental studies. However, the possible mode of action underlying these sex differences is still unclear. In conclusion, exposure to BPS or BPF may promote the development of obesity and diabetes. Future approaches are highly needed to assess the safety of BPS and BPF regarding their potential effects in promoting metabolic disturbances. Other studies in different populations and settings are highly suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hend F. Alharbi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (H.F.A.); (H.B.); Tel.: +966-547-141-277 (H.B.)
| | - Raya Algonaiman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Alduwayghiri
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Aljutaily
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham M. Algheshairy
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim S. Almutairi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan M. Alharbi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena A. Alfurayh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad A. Alshahwan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad F. Alsadun
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Barakat
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.F.A.); (H.B.); Tel.: +966-547-141-277 (H.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Y, Tang W, Ao J, Zhang J, Feng L. Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics reveals the effect of Bisphenol F (BPF) exposure on intestinal inflammation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151644. [PMID: 34774955 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a viable alternative to Bisphenol A (BPA), Bisphenol F (BPF) has been detected in humans at comparable concentrations and detection frequencies. Emerging evidence reveals that BPF induces intestinal toxicity. However, less information is available concerning BPF and its potential effects on intestinal inflammation, which has been associated with numerous disorders. The results from the present study showed that BPF exposure triggered lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced explosion of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-17A (IL-17A), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier by downregulating the expression of tight junction proteins Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Claudin-1 (CLDN1) in normal colonic epithelial cells (NCM460). A multi-omics analysis integrating the transcriptomics with metabolomics revealed an altered transcripts and metabolites profile following BPF exposure. Correlation analysis indicated that RAS Guanyl Releasing Protein 2 (RASGRP2) and Phospholipase A2 Group IVE (PLA2G4E) were positively associated with the increased serotonin which was positively associated with the stimulated IFN-γ in BPF-treated NCM460 cells. Pyrogallol, pyridoxine, and N-acetylputrescine were positively associated with IL-17A levels. Collectively, the integrative analyses demonstrated an orchestrated coordination between the inflammatory response, transcriptomic, and metabolomics changes. Data presented herein provide evidence for the possible roles of BPF in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation. These results illustrate the advantages of using integrative analyses of high throughput datasets for characterizing the effects and mechanisms of toxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Liu
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Institute of Early Life Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Institute of Early Life Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Ao
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Institute of Early Life Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Institute of Early Life Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Feng
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Institute of Early Life Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen H, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang W, He H, Du B, Li T, Tang H, Liu Y, Li L, Shi M. Transcriptome Changes and Potential Immunotoxicity Analysis in RAW264.7 Macrophages Caused by Bisphenol F. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:846562. [PMID: 35387338 PMCID: PMC8978606 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.846562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a viable substitute for bisphenol A (BPA), BPF has been widely used in the plastic industry and daily consumer goods, resulting in its detection in humans at a comparable concentration. Evidence reveals that BPF and BPA may have similar toxic effects due to their similar structures. However, there is less information about BPF and its latent implications on the immune system, which is associated with many disorders. In this study, the in vitro toxicity of BPF on RAW264.7 macrophages was explored. The cells were treated with different concentrations of BPF (5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 μM), the cell viability and apoptosis were detected, the gene expression profile was analyzed by whole-transcriptome sequencing, and the mRNA levels were detected by qRT-PCR. The results showed a high concentration of BPF could significantly reduce the survival rate of RAW264.7 macrophages. Although the medium concentration (20–50 μM) of BPF seemed to have no impact on the cell activity of macrophages, it caused the occurrence of apoptosis. The results of differential transcription showed that compared with the control group, 121 genes were upregulated and 82 genes were downregulated in the BPF group. The significantly changed gene functions were mainly concentrated in cell cycle, phagosome, lysosome, and antigen processing and presentation. These findings provide valuable information for correctly understanding the immunotoxicity risk of BPF and may help to improve the hazard identification of bisphenol compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanchao Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xing Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Haoqi He
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Bohai Du
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Tianlan Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yungang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Dongguan Liaobu Hospital, Dongguan, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sabuz Vidal O, Deepika D, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V. EDC-induced mechanisms of immunotoxicity: a systematic review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 51:634-652. [PMID: 35015608 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.2009438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) refer to a group of chemicals that cause adverse effects in human health, impairing hormone production and regulation, resulting in alteration of homeostasis, reproductive, and developmental, and immune system impairments. The immunotoxicity of EDCs involves many mechanisms altering gene expression that depend on the activation of nuclear receptors such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), the estrogen receptor (ER), and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), which also results in skin and intestinal disorders, microbiota alterations and inflammatory diseases. This systematic review aims to review different mechanisms of immunotoxicity and immunomodulation of T cells, focusing on T regulatory (Treg) and Th17 subsets, B cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) caused by specific EDCs such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), bisphenols (BPs) and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). To achieve this objective, a systematic study was conducted searching various databases including PubMed and Scopus to find in-vitro, in-vivo, and biomonitoring studies that examine EDC-dependent mechanisms of immunotoxicity. While doing the systematic review, we found species- and cell-specific outcomes and a translational gap between in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. Finally, an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework is proposed, which explains mechanistically toxicity endpoints emerging from different EDCs having similar key events and can help to improve our understanding of EDCs mechanisms of immunotoxicity. In conclusion, this review provides insights into the mechanisms of immunotoxicity mediated by EDCs and will help to improve human health risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Sabuz Vidal
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Deepika Deepika
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yuan J, Che S, Zhang L, Li X, Yang J, Sun X, Ruan Z. Assessing the combinatorial cytotoxicity of the exogenous contamination with BDE-209, bisphenol A, and acrylamide via high-content analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131346. [PMID: 34217936 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Food is often exposed to multiple types of contaminants, and the coexistence of contaminants may have antagonistic, additive or synergistic effects. This study investigated the combinatorial toxicity of the three most widespread exogenous contaminants, decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209), bisphenol A (BPA), and acrylamide (ACR) to HepG2 cells. A mathematical model (Chou-Talalay) and high-content analysis (HCA) were used to probe the nature of the contaminants' interactions and their cytotoxicity mechanisms, respectively. The results highlighted that for the individual pollutants, the cytotoxicity order was BDE-209> BPA > ACR, and varying combinations of contaminants exhibited additive/synergistic effects. In general, combining multiple contaminants significantly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+ flux, DNA damage and Caspase-3, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and nucleus roundness, indicating that the additive or synergistic mechanism of the combined contaminations was disturbance to multiple organelles. This study emphasizes the complexity of human exposure to food contaminants and provides a scientific basis for formulating strict regulatory standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Siyan Che
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.
| | - Junhua Yang
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Zheng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
O'Shaughnessy KL, Fischer F, Zenclussen AC. Perinatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and neurodevelopment: How articles of daily use influence the development of our children. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101568. [PMID: 34565681 PMCID: PMC10111869 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Substances that interfere with the body's hormonal balance or their function are called endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Many EDCs are ubiquitous in the environment and are an unavoidable aspect of daily life, including during early embryogenesis. Developmental exposure to these chemicals is of critical relevance, as EDCs can permanently alter developmental programs, including those that pattern and wire the brain. Of emerging interest is how these chemicals may also affect the immune response, given the cross-talk between the endocrine and immune systems. As brain development is strongly dependent on hormones including thyroid, androgens, and estrogens, and can also be affected by immunomodulation, this complicated interplay may have long-lasting neurodevelopmental consequences. This review focuses on data available from human cohorts, in vivo models, and in vitro assays regarding the impact of EDCs after a gestational and/or lactational exposure, and how they may impact the immune system and/or neurodevelopment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L O'Shaughnessy
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Florence Fischer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana C Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bisphenol analogs AF, S and F: Effects on functional characteristics of porcine granulosa cells. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 103:18-27. [PMID: 34019995 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to replace industrial functions of the restricted endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA), its structural analogs are increasingly employed without adequate assessment of their biological actions. Our study examined effects of the bisphenols AF (BPAF), S (BPS) and F (BPF), on functions of porcine ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) with the focus on viability, steroid production (10-9-10-4M), and expression of factors (10-9-10-5M) important for the follicle development: vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Cell viability was not impaired by the bisphenol analogs, except for the highest BPAF concentration (10-4M). While the lower concentrations of the bisphenols were without effect, each of them reduced follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced progesterone synthesis at the highest dose. Estradiol synthesis was sensitive to BPS, inhibitory effects of which were manifested from the concentration of 10-6M. Treatment of GCs with the selected bisphenol concentrations did not result in marked alterations in steroidogenic enzyme expression. Bisphenols did not significantly modulate VEGFA mRNA expression or output either under basal or FSH-stimulated conditions. BPF at 10-5M increased MMP9 expression in FSH-stimulated cells. FSH upregulated FOXO1 expression, however, none of the bisphenols significantly affected FOXO1 levels either in basal or in FSH-stimulated conditions. AHR mRNA expression remained unchanged after bisphenol treatment. Although the significant effects of BPAF, BPS and BPF appeared only at supraphysiological doses, the results obtained indicate that BPA analogs are not inert with regard to ovarian physiology.
Collapse
|