In vitro evaluation of immunobiological activity of simple mannolipids

Cytotoxicity and Bioimmunological Activity of Poly(2-Isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) Conjugates with Ibuprofen Using 3D Reconstructed Tissue Models

Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) (PIPOx) represents a universal polymer platform with pendant 2-oxazoline groups, allowing the preparation of biomaterials for various biomedical applications. However, there is a lack of information on PIPOx concerning the effect of molar mass (Mn) on cytotoxicity and bioimmunological properties. Here, aqueous copper(0)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (Cu0-RDPR) was used for the preparation of PIPOx with defined Mn and low dispersity. PIPOx of different Mn are used for the synthesis of conjugates with ibuprofen (5 mol %), the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The release of ibuprofen at 37 °C and different pH values is monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography, where the rate of drug release increases with increasing pH and lower Mn. In vitro cytotoxicity and bioimmunological properties of PIPOx and drug conjugates are studied using 3D reconstructed tissue models of the human epidermis and intestinal epithelium. We demonstrate low cytotoxicity of PIPOx and conjugates with different Mn values on both 3D tissue models.

Glycolipids mimicking biosurfactants of the synthetic origin as new immunomodulating and anticandidal derivatives

The immunobiological effectivity of glycolipids mimicking biosurfactants of the synthetic origin was followed up using macrophages cell line RAW264.7. These derivatives with different number of mannose units connected glycosidically or through triazole linker, and all having octyl aglycone, were evaluated with respect to their structure - immunomodulation activity relationship. This comparative study showed that the structural variations of the selected derivatives influenced the immunobiological cell behaviour as concerned pro-inflammatory TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-17, IL-12 and anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokines production and enhancement of RAW264.7 cell proliferation. The derivatives with mannose units linked through triazole linkers exerted in some cases stronger immunomodulative potency than (di)mannosides. On the other hand, a presence of triazole linker is a less favourable for an effective candidacidal activity as determined by in vitro using Candida albicans biofilm. The design of new defined immunomodulating formulas of the synthetic origin as possible antifungal agents and prospective participants in drug delivery systems may be of interest.

Surface Properties of Alkyldi(oxyethylene) β-D-Maltoside

A series of nonionic disaccharide-based surfactants alkyldi(oxyethylene) β-d-maltosides (4a-4h, n = 6-16) were synthesized, and their physicochemical properties were further investigated. Six β-D-maltosides (4c-4h, n = 8-16) exhibited a fan-shaped texture feature, whereas hexyldi(oxyethylene) β-D-maltoside (4a) had the strongest hygroscopicity. Owing to the incorporation of the hydrophilic dioxyethyl spacer (-(OCH₂CH₂)₂-), the related water solubility improved significantly. Tetradecyldi(oxyethylene) β-D-maltoside (4g) had good water solubility, whereas hexadecyldi(oxyethylene) β-D-maltoside (4h) had weak water solubility. Meanwhile, the surface tension of β-D-maltosides (4a-4g, n = 6-14) had a decreasing tendency with increasing the alkyl chain length, whereas 4g had the best surface activity. Furthermore, decyldi(oxyethylene) β-D-maltoside (4e) had the best foaming ability and foam stability. Dodecyldi(oxyethylene) β-D-maltoside (4f) had the best emulsifying property in the rapeseed oil/water system. In contrast, both ammonium dodecyl sulfate (NH₄DS)/4f and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC)/4f binary surfactant systems showed a synergistic effect in surface activity because the C_CMC/CMC^id_mix was <1. NaCl impacted the surface activity of the aqueous 4f solution through salt-surfactant synergistic effects. The results showed that such surfactants should have potential applications in the related field in the future.