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Hablase R, Kyrou I, Randeva H, Karteris E, Chatterjee J. The "Road" to Malignant Transformation from Endometriosis to Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancers (EAOCs): An mTOR-Centred Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2160. [PMID: 38893278 PMCID: PMC11172073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is an umbrella term covering a number of distinct subtypes. Endometrioid and clear-cell ovarian carcinoma are endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers (EAOCs) frequently arising from ectopic endometrium in the ovary. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a crucial regulator of cellular homeostasis and is dysregulated in both endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer, potentially favouring carcinogenesis across a spectrum from benign disease with cancer-like characteristics, through an atypical phase, to frank malignancy. In this review, we focus on mTOR dysregulation in endometriosis and EAOCs, investigating cancer driver gene mutations and their potential interaction with the mTOR pathway. Additionally, we explore the complex pathogenesis of transformation, considering environmental, hormonal, and epigenetic factors. We then discuss postmenopausal endometriosis pathogenesis and propensity for malignant transformation. Finally, we summarize the current advancements in mTOR-targeted therapeutics for endometriosis and EAOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Hablase
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB83PH, UK; (R.H.); (E.K.)
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK (H.R.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Institute for Cardiometabolic Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Harpal Randeva
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK (H.R.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Institute for Cardiometabolic Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Emmanouil Karteris
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB83PH, UK; (R.H.); (E.K.)
| | - Jayanta Chatterjee
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB83PH, UK; (R.H.); (E.K.)
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
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Lin SC, Li WN, Lin SC, Hou HT, Tsai YC, Lin TC, Wu MH, Tsai SJ. Targeting YAP1 ameliorates progesterone resistance in endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2023:7128246. [PMID: 37071897 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does YAP1 inhibition alleviate progesterone resistance in endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER YAP1 inhibition reduces progesterone resistance in vitro and in vivo. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Progesterone resistance not only causes treatment failure for endometriosis but also inhibits eutopic endometrial cell proliferation, dysregulates decidualization, and reduces the success rates of pregnancy. Hippo/yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Paraffin-embedded tissues containing paired endometriotic and endometrial specimens (n = 42) and serum samples isolated from normal controls (n = 15) or endometriotic patients with (n = 25) or without (n = 21) prior dienogest treatment were analyzed. A mouse model of endometriosis was also used to evaluate the effects of YAP1 inhibition on progesterone resistance. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Primary endometriotic and endometrial stromal cells treated with YAP1 inhibitor or miR-21 mimic/inhibitor were used for the in vitro studies including decidualization induction, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and RNA immunoprecipitation. Tissue specimens and serum from human and mouse were used for immunohistochemistry staining, exosome isolation, and microRNA (miRNA) quantification, respectively. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Herein, we report, by using ChIP-PCR and RNA-IP, that YAP1 inhibits progesterone receptor (PGR) expression through upregulation of miR-21-5p. Upregulation of miR-21-5p not only reduces PGR expression but also inhibits endometrial stromal cell decidualization. Indeed, levels of YAP1 and miR-21-5p are inversely correlated with the level of PGR in human endometrial samples. In contrast, knockdown of YAP1 or treatment with verteporfin (VP), a YAP1 inhibitor, reduces miR-21-5p expression, thus leading to an increase in PGR expression in ectopic endometriotic stromal cells. In the mouse model of endometriosis, treatment with VP increases PGR expression and enhances decidualization. More importantly, VP synergistically increases the treatment effect of progestin in causing the regression of endometriotic lesions and improves the decidualization capability of the endometrium. Interestingly, treatment with dienogest, a synthetic progestin, reduces YAP1 and miR-21-5p expression in human cells and in the mouse model of endometriosis. Patients who received dienogest treatment for 6 months show a significant decrease in serum extracellular vesicle-associated miR-21-5p level. LARGE SCALE DATA A public dataset (GSE51981) containing a large cohort of endometriotic tissues is available from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A large cohort of clinical samples is needed to verify the current diagnostic value of miR-21-5p in future studies. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The reciprocal regulation of YAP1 and PGR suggests that combined YAP1 inhibitor and progestin may be a better therapeutic approach for treating endometriosis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST-111-2636-B-006-012, MOST-111-2314-B-006-075-MY3, and MOST-106-2320-B-006-072-MY3). The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ning Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Chih Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Haun-Tzu Hou
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chuan Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tin-Chien Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Jenq Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Wang L, Liang J, Bi S, Li Y, Zhang W, Xiwen W, Liu Y, Liu H. Role of GLI1 in Hypoxia-Driven Endometrial Stromal Cell Migration and Invasion in Endometriosis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6890790. [PMID: 36285283 PMCID: PMC9588377 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6890790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis (EMs) is a benign disease with the characteristics of invasion and migration, and its pathogenesis is related to hypoxia. The abnormal activation of glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) plays an important role in the metastasis of multiple types of tumors. However, it is not clear whether GLI1 regulates the migration and invasion of endometrial stromal cells under hypoxic condition. Therefore, we use comprehensive analysis to explore the effects of hypoxic on GLI1 expression and their regulation on the pathogenesis of EMs. In this study, from immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, and western blot analysis, we discovered that the expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) and GLI1 was significantly increased in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of patients with EMs. In human primary eutopic endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), hypoxia can increase the expression of HIF-1α and GLI1 in a time-dependent manner. And hypoxia could promote GLI1 expression in a HIF-1α-dependent manner. Moreover, data from transwell assays manifested that the migration and invasion ability of ESCs was significantly enhanced under hypoxia, and this effect could be reversed by silencing GLI1. Furthermore, the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 was also increased under hypoxia, while silencing GLI1 could reverse this event. In summary, our research verified that GLI1, which activated by hypoxia, may contribute to the migration and invasion of ESCs through the upregulation of MMP2 and MMP9 and can be a novel therapeutic target in EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxin Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Siyi Bi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wang Xiwen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hengwei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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A review of the effects of estrogen and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation on intrauterine adhesion and endometriosis. Transpl Immunol 2022; 79:101679. [PMID: 35908631 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Uterus transplantation has become an option for women suffering from some form of infertility. Current review discusses key physiological functions of the endometrium requiring the transition of tissue cells between the mesenchyme and epithelial cell phenotype, a process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Estrogen and EMT play a key role in the pathogenesis and treatment of intrauterine adhesion and endometriosis. There is also a close regulatory relationship between estrogen and EMT, and investigation of this relationship is of great significance for the treatment of endometrial disorders. The present review discusses the effects of estrogen on endometrial dysfunction, with a focus on the relationship between estrogen and EMT in endometrial disorders, taking into consideration the mechanisms by which receptors that regulate their functions and proteins that regulate their local biological functions interact with the factors involved in EMT. In addition, the review summarizes emerging drugs targeting receptors or proteins and provides information on the direction of new therapies for endometrial disorders.
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Kobayashi H, Kimura M, Maruyama S, Nagayasu M, Imanaka S. Revisiting estrogen-dependent signaling pathways in endometriosis: Potential targets for non-hormonal therapeutics. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 258:103-110. [PMID: 33421806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecologic disease. Endometriotic cells survive in oxidative stress and hypoxic environments. The aim of this review is to reconsider new therapeutic strategies for endometriosis by focusing on estrogen signaling, ROS production and scavenging, and mitochondrial metabolism. Each keyword alone or in combination was used to search from PubMed and Embase by applying the filters of the title and the publication years between January 2000 and May 2020. Abnormal epigenetic marks of estrogen receptors (ERs) in endometriosis cause overexpression of ERβ, progesterone resistance, inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and mitochondrial metabolic modification. In addition to hormonal action, estrogen is involved in various functions such as mitochondrial biosynthesis and energy metabolism. Estrogen works with its downstream target genes to modulate mitochondrial gene expression, regulate ROS production, and affect mitochondrial biology, including ATP production, antioxidant defenses, mitochondrial biosynthesis, quality control, and energy-transducing capacity. Endometriosis can shift mitochondrial metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. This metabolic conversion suppresses ROS production and thus activates the survival signal of endometriotic cells. Therefore, molecules associated with aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism are considered therapeutic targets for endometriosis. In conclusion, estrogen downstream target genes involved in mitochondrial metabolic biosynthesis may be potential targets for non-hormonal treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan; Ms.Clinic MayOne, Kashihara, Japan.
| | - Mai Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Maruyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Mika Nagayasu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Shogo Imanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan; Ms.Clinic MayOne, Kashihara, Japan
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Oestrogen receptors and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha expression in abdominal wall endometriosis. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 41:11-18. [PMID: 32444257 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What are the protein levels and localization of oestrogen receptors (including ERa, ERb and G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor [GPER]) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1a) in normal control endometrium (COEM) and ectopic endometrium from abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE). DESIGN AWE (n = 20) were obtained during surgery; COEM (n = 40) were collected by curettage. All tissues were obtained during the proliferative or secretory phase. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were used for immunohistochemical study for oestrogen receptors and HIF-1a proteins. RESULT(S) The expression of oestrogen receptors and HIF-1a in AWE differed from that in the corresponding menstrual cycle phase of COEM. Compared with COEM, ERa and HIF-1a were decreased whereas ERb and GPER were increased in AWE. The greatest difference was in GPER, with increased protein expression in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of endometrial epithelial and stromal cells, as well as a distinct change in localization from cytoplasmic expression to nuclear and cytoplasmic expression, compared with COEM. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the expression changes of oestrogen receptors and HIF-1a, especially GPER, are associated with AWE, which may provide new clues to understanding the cause of endometriosis.
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Platelets induce increased estrogen production through NF-κB and TGF-β1 signaling pathways in endometriotic stromal cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1281. [PMID: 31992765 PMCID: PMC6987096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57997-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is estrogen-dependent disorder. Two theories provide the explanations for the increased estrogen production. One is the feed-forward loop model linking inflammation and estrogen production. The more recent model evokes the tissue hypoxia resulting from endometrial debris detached and then regurgitated to the peritoneal cavity. Both models tacitly assume that everything occurs within the endometriotic stromal cells, seemingly without the need for exogenous factors. This study was undertaken to investigate as whether platelets may be responsible for local estrogen overproduction. We employed in vitro experimentation that evaluated the 17β-estradiol (E2) levels in endometriotic stromal cells treated with activated platelets, and the genes and protein expression levels of StAR, HSD3B2, aromatase, and HSD17B1, as well as their upstream genes/proteins such as NF-κB, TGF-β1, HIF-1α, SF-1 and phosphorylated CREB. In addition, we conducted 2 animal experimentations using platelet depletion/infusion and also neutralization of NF-κB and TGF-β1, followed by immunohistochemistry analysis of involved in StAR, HSD3B2, aromatase, and HSD17B1, as well as SF-1 and p-CREB. We found that treatment of endometriotic stromal cells by activated platelets increase the E2 production by 4.5 fold, and concomitant with increased gene and protein expression of StAR, HSD3B2, aromatase, and HSD17B1, the four genes/enzymes important to estrogen synthesis, along with their upstream genes HIF-1α, SF-1 and phosphorylated CREB. Moreover, platelets activate these genes through the activation of NF-κB and/or TGF-β1, and antagonism of either signaling pathway can abolish the induction of the 4 genes and thus increased estrogen production. The two animal experimentations confirmed these changes. Thus, platelets increase the E2 production in endometriotic stromal cells through upregulation of StAR, HSD3B2, aromatase, and HSD17B1 via the activation of NF-κB and/or TGF-β1. These findings provide a yet another compelling piece of evidence that endometriotic lesions are indeed wounds undergoing repeated tissue injury and repair. They strongly indicate that non-hormonal therapeutics for endometriosis is theoretically viable, with anti-platelet therapy being one promising avenue.
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Ye T, He F, Lu L, Miao H, Sun D, Zhang M, Yang H, Zhang J, Qiu J, Zhao H, Ma Z, Yu S. The effect of oestrogen on mandibular condylar cartilage via hypoxia-inducible factor-2α during osteoarthritis development. Bone 2020; 130:115123. [PMID: 31678498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oestrogen and hypoxia inducible factor-2α (HIF2α) are key regulators in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the cellular interaction between oestrogen and HIF2α in articular cartilage during OA process remains unknown. Our previous study has revealed that high-physiological level of oestrogen aggravates the degradation of condylar cartilage in the early stage of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA). Here, we hypothesize that HIF2α involves the effect of oestrogen on mandibular condylar cartilage in the progression of TMJ OA. Our experiment in vivo found that the degeneration of condylar cartilage caused by unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) model, characterized by obvious degenerative morphology, loss of cartilage extracellular matrix, up-regulation of TNF-α, HIF2α and its' down-stream OA-related cytokines (MMP-13, VEGF and Col X), could be alleviated by lack of oestrogen while aggravated by high level of oestrogen in rats. Meanwhile, our in vitro study found that 17β-estradiol stimulation resulted in the loss of extracellular matrix, increased expression of TNF-α, IL-1, HIF2α and its' down-stream OA-related cytokines (MMP-13, VEGF and Col X) in primary condylar chondrocytes via oestrogen receptor beta (ERβ), which could be reversed by ER antagonist, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and HIF2α translation inhibitor. Our results reveal that high level of oestrogen can aggravate the degenerative changes of mandibular condylar cartilage, while lack of oestrogen can alleviate it via oestrogen-ERβ-HIF2α pathway during TMJ OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China
| | - Lei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China
| | - Hui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China
| | - Dongliang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China; Military Health Team of 61213 Troops of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Linfei, Shanxi 041000, PR China
| | - Mian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China
| | - Hongxu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China
| | - Jun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China
| | - Haidan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China
| | - Zhaofeng Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Shunyi Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101300, PR China.
| | - Shibin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China.
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Ma L, Wang L, Gao H, Liu N, Zheng Y, Gao Y, Liu S, Jiang Z. Hypoxia Limits the Growth of Bovine Follicles in Vitro by Inhibiting Estrogen Receptor α. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9080551. [PMID: 31412668 PMCID: PMC6721027 DOI: 10.3390/ani9080551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary It is well documented that a hypoxic environment at high altitudes decreased the fertility of female domestic animals because of embryonic or fetal losses, intrauterine growth restriction, and birth weight reduction. However, little study has been performed on for the effects of hypoxia on bovine ovary function. In this study, we found that the hypoxia plays an important role in regulating follicular survival and genes expression. Hypoxia limits the growth of bovine follicles cultured in vitro through inhibition of ERα, which could provide useful information for future studies relating to reproduction of cattle. Abstract Female animals living in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have lower ovulation rates because of the hypoxic environment, however, the mechanism of hypoxia on animal follicles is unclear. In this study, the effects of hypoxia on bovine follicles were investigated using an in vitro follicular culture system. The results show that there was a significant decrease in follicular diameter from day 3 to day 6 in both hypoxia and hypoxia with estrogen (E2) and fulvestrant (ICI 182780) (hypoxia + E2 + ICI) groups, when compared with a normoxia group (p < 0.05). We also observed significant downregulation of ERα and FSHR, while upregulation of LHCGR expression in the hypoxia group and hypoxia + E2 + ICI groups compared to the normoxia group (p < 0.05). The expression of IGF1 gene was significantly downregulated in hypoxia + E2 + ICI group when compared to the hypoxia + E2 group (p < 0.05). The expression of HIF1A, ADAMTS1, VEGFA, and EDN2 were upregulated in both hypoxia and hypoxia + E2 + ICI groups in comparison to normoxia group (p < 0.05). Under hypoxic conditions, the addition of E2 resulted in a decrease of HIF1A protein but an increase of ERα protein in cultured bovine follicles (p < 0.05). In summary, hypoxia limits the growth of bovine follicle cultured in vitro through inhibition of ERα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Huimin Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ning Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Faculty of Medical and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Vocational Technical College, Tongyi Street, Fengxi new city, Xi'an 712100, China
| | - Shujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Plateau Yak Research Center, Qinhai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhongliang Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Frump AL, Selej M, Wood JA, Albrecht M, Yakubov B, Petrache I, Lahm T. Hypoxia Upregulates Estrogen Receptor β in Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells in a HIF-1α-Dependent Manner. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:114-126. [PMID: 29394091 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0167oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
17β-Estradiol (E2) attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) through estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent effects, including inhibition of hypoxia-induced endothelial cell proliferation; however, the mechanisms responsible for this remain unknown. We hypothesized that the protective effects of E2 in HPH are mediated through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-dependent increases in ERβ expression. Sprague-Dawley rats and ERα or ERβ knockout mice were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia for 2-3 weeks. The effects of hypoxia were also studied in primary rat or human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). Hypoxia increased expression of ERβ, but not ERα, in lungs from HPH rats as well as in rat and human PAECs. ERβ mRNA time dependently increased in PAECs exposed to hypoxia. Normoxic HIF-1α/HIF-2α stabilization increased PAEC ERβ, whereas HIF-1α knockdown decreased ERβ abundance in hypoxic PAECs. In turn, ERβ knockdown in hypoxic PAECs increased HIF-2α expression, suggesting a hypoxia-sensitive feedback mechanism. ERβ knockdown in hypoxic PAECs also decreased expression of the HIF inhibitor prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2), whereas ERβ activation increased PHD2 and decreased both HIF-1α and HIF-2α, suggesting that ERβ regulates the PHD2/HIF-1α/HIF-2α axis during hypoxia. Whereas hypoxic wild-type or ERα knockout mice treated with E2 demonstrated less pulmonary vascular remodeling and decreased HIF-1α after hypoxia compared with untreated hypoxic mice, ERβ knockout mice exhibited increased HIF-2α and an attenuated response to E2 during hypoxia. Taken together, our results demonstrate a novel and potentially therapeutically targetable mechanism whereby hypoxia, via HIF-1α, increases ERβ expression and the E2-ERβ axis targets PHD2, HIF-1α, and HIF-2α to attenuate HPH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Frump
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Mona Selej
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Jordan A Wood
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Marjorie Albrecht
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Bakhtiyor Yakubov
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Irina Petrache
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine.,2 Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, and
| | - Tim Lahm
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine.,2 Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, and.,3 Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Wu MH, Hsiao KY, Tsai SJ. Hypoxia: The force of endometriosis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45:532-541. [PMID: 30618168 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Summarize recent findings of how hypoxia regulates numerous important processes to facilitate the implantation, proliferation and progression of ectopic endometriotic lesions. METHODS Most up-to-date evidences about how hypoxia contributes to the disease pathogenesis of endometriosis and potential therapeutic approaches were collected by conducting a comprehensive search of medical literature electronic databases. Quality of data was analyzed by experienced experts including gynecologist and basic scientists. RESULTS Uterus is a highly vascularized organ, which makes endometrial cells constantly expose to high concentration of oxygen. When endometrial tissues shed off from the eutopic uterus and retrograde to the peritoneal cavity, they face severe hypoxic stress. Even with successful implantation to ovaries or peritoneum, the hypoxic stress remains as a critical issue because endometrial cells are used to live in the well-oxygenated environment. Under the hypoxia condition, cells undergo epigenetic modulation and evolve several survival processes including steroidogenesis, angiogenesis, inflammation and metabolic switch. The complex gene regulatory network driven by hypoxia ensures endometriotic cells can survive under the hostile peritoneal microenvironment. CONCLUSION Hypoxia plays critical roles in promoting pathological processes to facilitate the development of endometriosis. Targeting hypoxia-mediated gene network represents an alternative approach for the treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Yang Hsiao
- Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Jenq Tsai
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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12
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Yuniwati C, Ramli N, Purwita E, Yusnaini Y, Nurdahliana N, Miko A, Liana I, Andriani A, Maharani M. Molecular Docking for Active Compounds of Scurrula Atropurpurea as Anti-inflammatory Candidate in Endometriosis. Acta Inform Med 2018; 26:254-257. [PMID: 30692709 PMCID: PMC6311116 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2018.26.254-257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endometriosis is still a problem for women all over the world. There are no studies that apply herbs, especially Scurrula atropurpurea to inhibit the development of inflammation in endometriosis. AIM The purpose of this study was to analyze the docking of active ingredient of Scurrula atropurpurea on NFkB-IkB complex with IKK in silico way. MATERIAL AND METHODS The nine active ingredients of Scurrula atropurpurea analyzed here were including aviculin (CID 10391477), caffeine (CID 2519), catechin (CID: 9064), epicatechin (CID: 72276), kaempferol (CID 5280863), quercetin (CID 5280343), quercitrin (CID 5280459)), rutin (CID 5280805), and theobromine (CID 5429). The sequence of study procedures included searching for amino acid sequences and active plant component structures, protein 3D structure modeling, docking and analysis of protein-ligand interaction. RESULTS Regarding the NFkB-IkB complex, it was found that all active ingredients can interact where the strongest interaction sequence was rutin (-314.35 kJ/mol). Regarding the interaction between IKK and NFkB-IkB, the nine active ingredients can reduce bond energy, except rutin. CONCLUSIONS the active ingredients of Scurrula atropurpurea having the potential effect as anti-inflammatory is rutin so that it can be isolated and used as an alternative ingredient in inhibiting inflammation in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cut Yuniwati
- Department of Midwifery, Polytechnic of Health, Ministry of Health, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Nurlaili Ramli
- Department of Midwifery, Polytechnic of Health, Ministry of Health, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Eva Purwita
- Department of Midwifery, Polytechnic of Health, Ministry of Health, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Yusnaini Yusnaini
- Department of Midwifery, Polytechnic of Health, Ministry of Health, Aceh, Indonesia
| | | | - Ampera Miko
- Department of Pharmacy, Polytechnic of Health, Ministry of Health, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Intan Liana
- Department of Dentistry, Polytechnic of Health, Ministry of Health, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Andriani Andriani
- Department of Dentistry Nursing, Polytechnic of Health, Ministry of Health, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Maharani Maharani
- Department of Midwifery, Polytechnic of Health, Ministry of Health, Aceh, Indonesia
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Expression of MMIF, HIF-1α and VEGF in Serum and Endometrial Tissues of Patients with Endometriosis. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:499-504. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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14
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Bustos V, Nolan ÁM, Nijhuis A, Harvey H, Parker A, Poulsom R, McBryan J, Thomas W, Silver A, Harvey BJ. GPER mediates differential effects of estrogen on colon cancer cell proliferation and migration under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84258-84275. [PMID: 29137421 PMCID: PMC5663593 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor ERβ is the predominant ER subtype expressed in normal well-differentiated colonic epithelium. However, ERβ expression is lost under the hypoxic microenvironment as colorectal cancer (CRC) malignancy progresses. This raises questions about the role of signalling through other estrogen receptors such as ERα or G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER, GPR30) by the estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2) under hypoxic conditions after ERβ is lost in CRC progression. We tested the hypothesis that E2 or hypoxia can act via GPER to contribute to the altered phenotype of CRC cells. GPER expression was found to be up-regulated by hypoxia and E2 in a panel of CRC cell lines. The E2-modulated gene, Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), was repressed in hypoxia via GPER signalling. E2 treatment enhanced hypoxia-induced expression of HIF1-α and VEGFA, but repressed HIF1-α and VEGFA expression under normoxic conditions. The expression and repression of VEGFA by E2 were mediated by a GPER-dependent mechanism. E2 treatment potentiated hypoxia-induced CRC cell migration and proliferation, whereas in normoxia, cell migration and proliferation were suppressed by E2 treatment. The effects of E2 on these cellular responses in normoxia and hypoxia were mediated by GPER. In a cohort of 566 CRC patient tumor samples, GPER expression significantly associated with poor survival in CRC Stages 3-4 females but not in the stage-matched male population. Our findings support a potentially pro-tumorigenic role for E2 in ERβ-negative CRC under hypoxic conditions transduced via GPER and suggest a novel route of therapeutic intervention through GPER antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Bustos
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Áine M Nolan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anke Nijhuis
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Harry Harvey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexandra Parker
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Richard Poulsom
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Jean McBryan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Warren Thomas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew Silver
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Brian J Harvey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Greene AD, Lang SA, Kendziorski JA, Sroga-Rios JM, Herzog TJ, Burns KA. Endometriosis: where are we and where are we going? Reproduction 2016; 152:R63-78. [PMID: 27165051 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis currently affects ~5.5 million reproductive-aged women in the U.S. with symptoms such as painful periods (dysmenorrhea), chronic pelvic pain, pain with intercourse (dyspareunia), and infertility. It is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity and is found predominately attached to sites within the peritoneal cavity. Diagnosis for endometriosis is solely made through surgery as no consistent biomarkers for disease diagnosis exist. There is no cure for endometriosis and treatments only target symptoms and not the underlying mechanism(s) of disease. The nature of individual predisposing factors or inherent defects in the endometrium, immune system, and/or peritoneal cavity of women with endometriosis remains unclear. The literature over the last 5 years (2010-2015) has advanced our critical knowledge related to hormones, hormone receptors, immune dysregulation, hormonal treatments, and the transformation of endometriosis to ovarian cancer. In this review, we cover the aforementioned topics with the goal of providing the reader an overview and related references for further study to highlight the progress made in endometriosis research, while concluding with critical areas of endometriosis research that are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis D Greene
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Cincinnati Center for Reproductive Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephanie A Lang
- Department of Environmental HealthUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jessica A Kendziorski
- Department of Environmental HealthUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Julie M Sroga-Rios
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Cincinnati Center for Reproductive Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas J Herzog
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Cincinnati Center for Reproductive Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA University of Cincinnati Cancer InstituteUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine A Burns
- Department of Environmental HealthUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Zhan L, Wang W, Zhang Y, Song E, Fan Y, Wei B. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha: A promising therapeutic target in endometriosis. Biochimie 2016; 123:130-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Tsuzuki T, Okada H, Shindoh H, Shimoi K, Nishigaki A, Kanzaki H. Effects of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 inhibitor echinomycin on vascular endothelial growth factor production and apoptosis in human ectopic endometriotic stromal cells. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:323-8. [PMID: 26654708 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1121225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence points to a possible role for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 in the pathogenesis and development of endometriosis. The objectives of this study were to investigate the critical role of HIF-1 in endometriosis and the effect of the HIF-1 inhibitor echinomycin on human ectopic endometriotic stromal cells (eESCs). Ectopic endometriotic tissues were obtained from 20 patients, who received an operation for ovarian endometriomas. We examined vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) production, HIF-1 expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis of eESCs. Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) significantly induced expression of HIF-1α protein and VEGF production in a time-dependent manner in eESCs, but reduced SDF-1 production. VEGF production was significantly suppressed by treatment of 100 nM echinomycin without causing cell toxicity, but 0.1-10 nM echinomycin or 100 nM progestin had no significant effect. SDF-1 production was not affected by echinomycin treatment at any dose. Echinomycin inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptotic cell death of the eESCs, and significantly inhibited expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Echinomycin inhibits VEGF production and induces apoptosis of eESCs by suppression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. These findings suggest the unique therapeutic potential for echinomycin as an inhibitor of HIF-1 activation for endometriosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Tsuzuki
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Hidetaka Okada
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Hisayuu Shindoh
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Kayo Shimoi
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Akemi Nishigaki
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Hideharu Kanzaki
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
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Wu MH, Hsiao KY, Tsai SJ. Endometriosis and possible inflammation markers. Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gmit.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Wright AF, Ewart MA, Mair K, Nilsen M, Dempsie Y, Loughlin L, Maclean MR. Oestrogen receptor alpha in pulmonary hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:206-16. [PMID: 25765937 PMCID: PMC4615797 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) occurs more frequently in women with mutations in bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) and dysfunctional BMPR2 signalling underpinning heritable PAH. We have previously shown that serotonin can uncover a pulmonary hypertensive phenotype in BMPR2+/− mice and that oestrogen can increase serotinergic signalling in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs). Hence, here we wished to characterize the expression of oestrogen receptors (ERs) in male and female human pulmonary arteries and have examined the influence of oestrogen and serotonin on BMPR2 and ERα expression. Methods and results By immunohistochemistry, we showed that ERα, ERβ, and G-protein-coupled receptors are expressed in human pulmonary arteries localizing mainly to the smooth muscle layer which also expresses the serotonin transporter (SERT). Protein expression of ERα protein was higher in female PAH patient hPASMCs compared with male and serotonin also increased the expression of ERα. 17β-estradiol induced proliferation of hPASMCs via ERα activation and this engaged mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt signalling. Female mice over-expressing SERT (SERT+ mice) develop PH and the ERα antagonist MPP attenuated the development of PH in normoxic and hypoxic female SERT+ mice. The therapeutic effects of MPP were accompanied by increased expression of BMPR2 in mouse lung. Conclusion ERα is highly expressed in female hPASMCs from PAH patients and mediates oestrogen-induced proliferation of hPASMCs via mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt signalling. Serotonin can increase ERα expression in hPASMCs and antagonism of ERα reverses serotonin-dependent PH in the mouse and increases BMPR2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey F Wright
- College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Room 448, West Medical Building/Wolfson Link Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Marie-Ann Ewart
- College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Room 448, West Medical Building/Wolfson Link Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Kirsty Mair
- College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Room 448, West Medical Building/Wolfson Link Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Margaret Nilsen
- College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Room 448, West Medical Building/Wolfson Link Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Yvonne Dempsie
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA
| | - Lynn Loughlin
- College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Room 448, West Medical Building/Wolfson Link Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Margaret R Maclean
- College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Room 448, West Medical Building/Wolfson Link Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Kim BG, Yoo JY, Kim TH, Shin JH, Langenheim JF, Ferguson SD, Fazleabas AT, Young SL, Lessey BA, Jeong JW. Aberrant activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signaling in endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:1069-78. [PMID: 25750101 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are STAT3 signaling molecules differentially expressed in endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER Levels of phospho-STAT3 and HIF1A, its downstream signaling molecule, are significantly higher in eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis when compared with women without the disease. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory condition. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory survival cytokine known to induce prolonged activation of STAT3 via association with the IL-6 receptor. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Cross-sectional measurements of STAT3 and HIF1A protein levels in eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis versus those without. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Levels of phospho-STAT3 (pSTAT3) and HIF1A were examined in the endometrium of patients with and without endometriosis as well as in a non-human primate animal model using western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Levels of pSTAT3 were significantly higher in the eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis when compared with women without the disease in both the proliferative and secretory phases. HIF1A is known to be stabilized by STAT3 and IL-6. Our immunohistochemistry results show abundant HIF1A expression within the eutopic endometrial epithelial cells of women with endometriosis. Furthermore, pSTAT3 and HIF1A proteins are co-localized in endometriosis. This aberrant activation of pSTAT3 and HIF1A is confirmed by sequential analysis of eutopic endometrium using a baboon animal model of induced endometriosis. Lastly, we confirmed this IL-6 induction of both STAT3 phosphorylation and HIF1A mRNA expression in Ishikawa human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Ishikawa cancer cell line was used to study a benign disease. The peritoneal fluid contains various inflammatory cytokines in addition to IL-6 and so it is possible that other cytokines may affect the activity and expression of STAT3 signaling molecules. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results imply that aberrant activation of STAT3 signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Our findings could progress in our understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of endometriosis and potential therapeutic interventions by targeted pharmacological. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by NIH R01 HD067721 (to S.L.Y and B.A.L) and NIH R01 HD057873 and American Cancer Society Research Grant RSG-12-084-01-TBG (to J.-W.J.). There are no conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Gak Kim
- Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jung-Yoon Yoo
- Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jung-Ho Shin
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Guro Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul 152-703, South Korea
| | - John F Langenheim
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Group, Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Susan D Ferguson
- Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Asgerally T Fazleabas
- Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA Department of Women's Health, Spectrum Health System, Grand Rapids, MI 49341, USA
| | - Steven L Young
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Bruce A Lessey
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Group, Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Jae-Wook Jeong
- Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA Department of Women's Health, Spectrum Health System, Grand Rapids, MI 49341, USA
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Guo J, Gao J, Yu X, Luo H, Xiong X, Huang O. Expression of DJ-1 and mTOR in eutopic and ectopic endometria of patients with endometriosis and adenomyosis. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2015; 79:195-200. [PMID: 25721338 DOI: 10.1159/000365569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endometrial cells may aberrantly express molecules involved in invasion and migration, leading to endometriosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of DJ-1 and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) in ectopic and eutopic endometria of endometriosis and adenomyosis. METHODS Endometrial specimens were obtained from healthy non-menopausal women (n = 17) or patients with ovarian endometriotic cysts (n = 48) or adenomyosis (n = 30) during January 2011 to June 2012. The expressions of DJ-1 and p-mTOR were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting methods. RESULTS The expressions of DJ-1 and p-mTOR were significantly higher in the ectopic endometria than those in the eutopic endometria of endometriosis and adenomyosis patients or normal endometria (FDR < 0.05). DJ-1 expression was positively correlated with the p-mTOR expression no matter at endometriosis (r = 0.736, FDR < 0.001) or adenomyosis (r = 0.809, FDR < 0.001). CONCLUSION DJ-1 protein may be involved in endometrial cells proliferation, migration and angiogenesis by modulating the PI3K/Akt/p-mTOR signaling pathway, which provides an underlying theoretical target for endometriosis and adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiubai Guo
- Medical Department of Graduate School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Hsiao KY, Chang N, Lin SC, Li YH, Wu MH. Inhibition of dual specificity phosphatase-2 by hypoxia promotes interleukin-8-mediated angiogenesis in endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:2747-55. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Tsui KH, Lee WL, Seow KM, Yang LW, Wang SY, Wang PH, Chang CL, Yen MS, Cheng JT, Chen CP. Effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on ES-2 ovarian cancer cells. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 53:35-42. [PMID: 24767644 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor is found in the ovarian tissue, including epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), suggesting that GnRH agonists may have direct action on EOC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ovarian clear cell cancer (ES-2) cells were treated with low-dose GnRH agonist with/without low-dose paclitaxel (1 μM D-Lys(6) with/without 0.5 μM or 1.0 μM paclitaxel). Growth and behavior of ES-2 cells were evaluated. RESULTS Use of either D-Lys(6) or paclitaxel or a combination of the two did not affect the morphology and growth pattern of ES-2 cells. However, ability of migration and invasion of ES-2 cells was significantly decreased in either use of D-Lys(6) or paclitaxel and more apparent with the combination. Type I GnRH receptor expression of ES-2 was not altered significantly by the combination. CONCLUSION GnRH agonist might modify the ES-2 ovarian cancer cells, and its role might be independent, additional or synergistic, suggesting the potential role of the use of GnRH agonist in the management of clear cell type of the ovarian cancer. However, the results of this study were derived using ES-2 ovarian cancer cells, and might not be valid in other cell types of ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hao Tsui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kok-Min Seow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shih Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Wei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Immunology Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Lun Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyen Yen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Tsuey Cheng
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Chang WH, Wang KC, Lee NR, Huang N, Su WH, Chao HT, Yen MS, Fuh JL, Wang PH. Reproductive performance of severely symptomatic women with uterine adenomyoma who wanted preservation of the uterus and underwent combined surgical–medical treatment. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 52:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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