1
|
Endometriosis Stem Cells as a Possible Main Target for Carcinogenesis of Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer (EAOC). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010111. [PMID: 36612107 PMCID: PMC9817684 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a serious recurrent disease impairing the quality of life and fertility, and being a risk for some histologic types of ovarian cancer defined as endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers (EAOC). The presence of stem cells in the endometriotic foci could account for the proliferative, migrative and angiogenic activity of the lesions. Their phenotype and sources have been described. The similarly disturbed expression of several genes, miRNAs, galectins and chaperones has been observed both in endometriotic lesions and in ovarian or endometrial cancer. The importance of stem cells for nascence and sustain of malignant tumors is commonly appreciated. Although the proposed mechanisms promoting carcinogenesis leading from endometriosis into the EAOC are not completely known, they have been discussed in several articles. However, the role of endometriosis stem cells (ESCs) has not been discussed in this context. Here, we postulate that ESCs may be a main target for the carcinogenesis of EAOC and present the possible sequence of events resulting finally in the development of EAOC.
Collapse
|
2
|
Beg A, Parveen R, Fouad H, Yahia ME, Hassanein AS. Role of different non-coding RNAs as ovarian cancer biomarkers. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:72. [PMID: 35715825 PMCID: PMC9206245 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among many gynecological malignancies ovarian cancer is the most prominent and leading cause of female mortality worldwide. Despite extensive research, the underlying cause of disease progression and pathology is still unknown. In the progression of ovarian cancer different non-coding RNAs have been recognized as important regulators. The biology of ovarian cancer which includes cancer initiation, progression, and dissemination is found to be regulated by different ncRNA. Clinically ncRNA shows high prognostic and diagnostic importance. Results In this review, we prioritize the role of different non-coding RNA and their perspective in diagnosis as potential biomarkers in the case of ovarian cancer. Summary of some of the few miRNAs involved in epithelial ovarian cancer their expression and clinical features are being provided in the table. Also, in cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration abnormal expression of piRNAs are emerging as a crucial regulator hence the role of few piRNAs is being given. Both tRFs and tiRNAs play important roles in tumorigenesis and are promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer. lncRNA has shown a leading role in malignant transformation and potential therapeutic value in ovarian cancer therapy. Conclusions Hence in this review we demonstrated the role of different ncRNA that play an important role in serving strong potential as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anam Beg
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Rafat Parveen
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Hassan Fouad
- Applied Medical Science Department, CC, King Saud University, P.O Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - M E Yahia
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Azza S Hassanein
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahmed EA, Rajendran P, Scherthan H. The microRNA-202 as a Diagnostic Biomarker and a Potential Tumor Suppressor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115870. [PMID: 35682549 PMCID: PMC9180238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-202 (miR-202) is a member of the highly conserved let-7 family that was discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans and recently reported to be involved in cell differentiation and tumor biology. In humans, miR-202 was initially identified in the testis where it was suggested to play a role in spermatogenesis. Subsequent research showed that miR-202 is one of the micro-RNAs that are dysregulated in different types of cancer. During the last decade, a large number of investigations has fortified a role for miR-202 in cancer. However, its functions can be double-edged, depending on context they may be tumor suppressive or oncogenic. In this review, we highlight miR-202 as a potential diagnostic biomarker and as a suppressor of tumorigenesis and metastasis in several types of tumors. We link miR-202 expression levels in tumor types to its involved upstream and downstream signaling molecules and highlight its potential roles in carcinogenesis. Three well-known upstream long non-coding-RNAs (lncRNAs); MALAT1, NORAD, and NEAT1 target miR-202 and inhibit its tumor suppressive function thus fueling cancer progression. Studies on the downstream targets of miR-202 revealed PTEN, AKT, and various oncogenes such as metadherin (MTDH), MYCN, Forkhead box protein R2 (FOXR2) and Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS). Interestingly, an upregulated level of miR-202 was shown by most of the studies that estimated its expression level in blood or serum of cancer patients, especially in breast cancer. Reduced expression levels of miR-202 in tumor tissues were found to be associated with progression of different types of cancer. It seems likely that miR-202 is embedded in a complex regulatory network related to the nature and the sensitivity of the tumor type and therapeutic (pre)treatments. Its variable roles in tumorigenesis are mediated in part thought its oncogene effectors. However, the currently available data suggest that the involved signaling pathways determine the anti- or pro-tumorigenic outcomes of miR-202’s dysregulation and its value as a diagnostic biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emad A. Ahmed
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-6568331887
| | - Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, 80937 Munich, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kandimalla R, Wang W, Yu F, Zhou N, Gao F, Spillman M, Moukova L, Slaby O, Salhia B, Zhou S, Wang X, Goel A. OCaMIR-A Noninvasive, Diagnostic Signature for Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer: A Multi-cohort Retrospective and Prospective Study. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4277-4286. [PMID: 34035068 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to the lack of effective screening approaches and early detection biomarkers, ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rates among gynecologic cancers. Herein, we undertook a systematic biomarker discovery and validation approach to identify microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers for the early detection of ovarian cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN During the discovery phase, we performed small RNA sequencing in stage I high-grade serous ovarian cancer (n = 31), which was subsequently validated in multiple, independent data sets (TCGA, n = 543; GSE65819, n = 87). Subsequently, we performed multivariate logistic regression-based training in a serum data set (GSE106817, n = 640), followed by its independent validation in three retrospective data sets (GSE31568, n = 85; GSE113486, n = 140; Czech Republic cohort, n = 192) and one prospective serum cohort (n = 95). In addition, we evaluated the specificity of OCaMIR, by comparing its performance in several other cancers (GSE31568 cohort, n = 369). RESULTS The OCaMIR demonstrated a robust diagnostic accuracy in the stage I high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients in the discovery cohort (AUC = 0.99), which was consistently reproducible in both stage I (AUC = 0.96) and all stage patients (AUC = 0.89) in the TCGA cohort. Logistic regression-based training and validation of OCaMIR achieved AUC values of 0.89 (GSE106817), 0.85 (GSE31568), 0.86 (GSE113486), and 0.82 (Czech Republic cohort) in the retrospective serum validation cohorts, as well as prospective validation cohort (AUC = 0.92). More importantly, OCaMIR demonstrated a significantly superior diagnostic performance compared with CA125 levels, even in stage I patients, and was more cost-effective, highlighting its potential role for screening and early detection of ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Small RNA sequencing identified a robust noninvasive miRNA signature for early-stage serous ovarian cancer detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Kandimalla
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,Department of Gynecology, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Nianxin Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Monique Spillman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Lucie Moukova
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bodour Salhia
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. .,Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cabus U, Secme M, Kabukcu C, Cil N, Dodurga Y, Mete G, Fenkci IV. Boric acid as a promising agent in the treatment of ovarian cancer: Molecular mechanisms. Gene 2021; 796-797:145799. [PMID: 34175401 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to determine the therapeutic effects of boric acid cell proliferation, invasion, migration, colony formation, cell cycle and apoptosis mechanisms in ovarian cancer cell line under in vitro conditions. METHODS MDAH-2774 ovarian cancer cells were employed. Real-time PCR test was used to investigate changes in genes and proteins of cell cycle and apoptosis and identified miRNAs under the addition of boric acid. The apoptosis rates were calculated by TUNEL assay. Matrigel invasion, colony formation and Wound healing tests were used to determine invasion and migration. Oxidative stress index value was calculated for oxidative stress. RESULTS Boric acid inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, migration and colony formation, but induces apoptosis and oxidative stress. Also, the expression of miRNA-21, miRNA-200a, miRNA-130a and mi-RNA-224 (which are indicators of poor prognosis of ovarian cancer) decreased significantly. CONCLUSION The potential of boric acid as a natural molecule may supports its effectiveness in reducing adverse effects arising from conventional ovarian cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umit Cabus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Mucahit Secme
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Cihan Kabukcu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nazli Cil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Dodurga
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Mete
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Veysel Fenkci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Di Fiore R, Suleiman S, Pentimalli F, O’Toole SA, O’Leary JJ, Ward MP, Conlon NT, Sabol M, Ozretić P, Erson-Bensan AE, Reed N, Giordano A, Herrington CS, Calleja-Agius J. Could MicroRNAs Be Useful Tools to Improve the Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Gynecological Cancers? A Brief Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083822. [PMID: 33917022 PMCID: PMC8067678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynecological cancers pose an important public health issue, with a high incidence among women of all ages. Gynecological cancers such as malignant germ-cell tumors, sex-cord-stromal tumors, uterine sarcomas and carcinosarcomas, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, vulvar carcinoma and melanoma of the female genital tract, are defined as rare with an annual incidence of <6 per 100,000 women. Rare gynecological cancers (RGCs) are associated with poor prognosis, and given the low incidence of each entity, there is the risk of delayed diagnosis due to clinical inexperience and limited therapeutic options. There has been a growing interest in the field of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs of ∼22 nucleotides in length, because of their potential to regulate diverse biological processes. miRNAs usually induce mRNA degradation and translational repression by interacting with the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target mRNAs, as well as other regions and gene promoters, as well as activating translation or regulating transcription under certain conditions. Recent research has revealed the enormous promise of miRNAs for improving the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of all major gynecological cancers. However, to date, only a few studies have been performed on RGCs. In this review, we summarize the data currently available regarding RGCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.D.F.); (J.C.-A.); Tel.: +356-2340-3871 (R.D.F.); +356-2340-1892 (J.C.-A.)
| | - Sherif Suleiman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, I-80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Sharon A. O’Toole
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Histopathology, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - John J. O’Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 8 Dublin, Ireland; (J.J.O.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Mark P. Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 8 Dublin, Ireland; (J.J.O.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Neil T. Conlon
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, 9 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Maja Sabol
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (P.O.)
| | - Petar Ozretić
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (P.O.)
| | - Ayse Elif Erson-Bensan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06810, Turkey;
| | - Nicholas Reed
- Beatson Oncology Centre, Gartnavel General Hospital, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK;
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - C. Simon Herrington
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK;
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
- Correspondence: (R.D.F.); (J.C.-A.); Tel.: +356-2340-3871 (R.D.F.); +356-2340-1892 (J.C.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ding Y, Tan X, Abasi A, Dai Y, Wu R, Zhang T, Li K, Yan M, Huang X. LncRNA TRPM2-AS promotes ovarian cancer progression and cisplatin resistance by sponging miR-138-5p to release SDC3 mRNA. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6832-6848. [PMID: 33621194 PMCID: PMC7993682 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of TRPM2-AS lncRNA in OvC has not been explored. This study aimed to investigate whether and how TRPM2-AS contributes to the progression of OvC. First, qRT-PCR was employed to measure the expression of TRPM2-AS, miR-138-5p and SDC3 in OvC samples. A xenograft formation assay was subsequently performed to detect the tumor growth in vivo. The cell viability, colony formation, cell migration, cell invasion and cell apoptosis were later evaluated using a series of experiments. The western blot assay was utilized to detect the SDC3 protein expression and cell-apoptosis markers. Luciferase reporter gene assay, RIP, and RNA pull-down assays were performed to identify the association between TRPM2-AS, miR-138-5p and SDC3. Findings indicated that the expression of TRPM2-AS and SDC3 was significantly upregulated in OvC tissues and cells, while miR-138-5p expression was significantly downregulated in OvC samples. Unlike miR-138-5p, TRPM2-AS and SDC3 were found to promote OvC development. It was also found that TRPM2-AS could sponge miR-138-5p to release SDC3, thus promoting OvC progression. Apart from that, we discovered that both sh-TRPM2-AS and cisplatin could enhance the apoptosis of OvC cells. Overall, our findings suggested that the TRPM2-AS/miR-138-5p/SDC3 axis was closely associated with OvC tumorigenesis and cisplatin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Abuduyilimu Abasi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ruxing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Kexin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fekete JT, Welker Á, Győrffy B. miRNA Expression Signatures of Therapy Response in Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010063. [PMID: 33379285 PMCID: PMC7794682 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary miRNAs play role in various diseases and can also modulate therapy response. Our aim was to identify predictive miRNAs in platinum treated squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Using a set of 266 squamous cancer samples we uncovered 16, 103, and 9 miRNAs correlated to chemotherapy response in the cervical, head and neck, and lung squamous cell carcinomas, respectively. By employing a logistic regression model, a signature comprising a set of six miRNAs was established capable to predict chemotherapy response with an AUC of 0.897. Our results show common molecular features of SCC tumors and pinpoint the most important miRNAs related to treatment outcome. Abstract Introduction: Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are a major subgroup of malignant tumors with a platinum-based first-line systematic chemotherapy. miRNAs play a role in various diseases and modulate therapy response as well. The aim of this study was to identify predictive miRNAs in platinum-treated SCCs. Methods: miRNA expression data of platinum-treated head and neck (HNSC), cervical (CESC) and lung (LUSC) cancer were collected from the TCGA repositories. Treatment response was defined based on presence or absence of disease progression at 18 months. Responder and nonresponder cohorts were compared using Mann–Whitney and Receiver Operating Characteristic tests. Logistic regression was developed to establish a predictive miRNA signature. Significance was set at FDR < 5%. Results: The integrated database includes 266 SCC patient samples with platinum-based therapy and available follow-up. We uncovered 16, 103, and 9 miRNAs correlated to chemotherapy response in the CESC, HNSC, and LUSC cohorts, respectively. Eight miRNAs overlapped between the CESC and HNSC subgroups, and three miRNAs overlapped between the LUSC and HNSC subgroups. We established a logistic regression model in HNSC and CESC which included six miRNAs: hsa-miR-5586 (Exp (B): 2.94, p = 0.001), hsa-miR-632 (Exp (B): 10.75, p = 0.002), hsa-miR-2355 (Exp (B): 0.48, p = 0.004), hsa-miR-642a (Exp (B): 2.22, p = 0.01), hsa-miR-101-2 (Exp (B): 0.39, p = 0.013) and hsa-miR-6728 (Exp (B): 0.21, p = 0.016). The model using these miRNAs was able to predict chemotherapy resistance with an AUC of 0.897. Conclusions: We performed an analysis of RNA-seq data of squamous cell carcinomas samples and identified significant miRNAs correlated to the response against platinum-based therapy in cervical, head and neck, and lung tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- János Tibor Fekete
- Department of Bioinformatics and 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary;
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ágnes Welker
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics and 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary;
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the worst survival rate because it is typically diagnosed at advanced stage. Despite treatment, the disease commonly recurs due to chemo-resistance. Liquid biopsy, based on minimally invasive blood tests, has the advantage of following tumor evolution in real time, offering novel insights on cancer prevention and treatment. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating cell-free microRNAs (cfmiRNAs) and circulating exosomes represent the major components of liquid biopsy. In this chapter, we provide an overview of recent research on CTCs, ctDNA, cfmiRNAs and exosomes in ovarian cancer. We also focus on the clinical value of liquid biopsy in early diagnosis, prognosis, treatment response, as well as screening in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Giannopoulou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, University Campus, Athens, Greece
| | - Evi S Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, University Campus, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schwarzenbach H, Gahan PB. Circulating non-coding RNAs in recurrent and metastatic ovarian cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:399-418. [PMID: 35582568 PMCID: PMC8992516 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has a poor outcome because it is usually detected at advanced tumor stages, and the majority of the patients develop disease relapse as a result of chemotherapy resistance. This most lethal gynecological malignancy metastasizes within the peritoneal fluid or ascites to pelvic and distal organs. In ovarian cancer progression and metastasis, small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs have been recognized as important regulators. Their dysregulation modulates gene expression and cellular signal pathways and can be detected in liquid biopsies. In this review, we provide an overview on circulating plasma and serum ncRNAs participating in tumor cell migration and invasion, and contributing to recurrence and metastasis of ovarian cancer. We will also discuss the development of potential, novel therapies using ncRNAs as target molecules or tumor markers for ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Schwarzenbach
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Peter B Gahan
- Fondazione "Enrico Puccinelli" Onlus, Perugia 06123, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Moga MA, Bălan A, Dimienescu OG, Burtea V, Dragomir RM, Anastasiu CV. Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers for Endometriosis and Endometriosis-Related Ovarian Cancer-An Overview. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050735. [PMID: 31126056 PMCID: PMC6571871 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection and accurate diagnosis are pivotal in the management of endometriosis and endometriosis-related ovarian neoplasms (ERONs), yet there is no clear common ground regarding their pathogenesis. Endometriosis is a debilitating pathology that profoundly impairs the quality of life. Although the spontaneous resolution of endometriosis is possible, studies suggest that it can be a progressive condition, and ERONs can develop. The gold standard for diagnosis remains as the invasive method of laparoscopy followed by histological confirmation. In recent years, novel biomarkers have been discovered. MicroRNAs (miRNA) represent important epigenetic modulators of gene expression and are very attractive as biomarkers due to their lower complexity, tissue specificity, and stability in bodily fluids. Several studies have advanced the possibility of miRNAs becoming potential biomarkers in endometriosis and ERONs. Our aim is to bring these studies together in order to have a better understanding of whether, how, and when miRNAs might be used as biomarkers for these pathologies. METHODS We selected the reviewed papers from Google Academic, PubMed, and CrossRef. A total of eight studies met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS MiR-200 family, miR-143, 145, miR-20a, and miR199a were the most commonly dysregulated miRNAs in endometriosis, and miR-200 family was found to be dysregulated in both ERONs and endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS No single miRNA was considered as a sole biomarker for this pathology. However, since the prognostic value of biomarkers is generally enhanced if more are assessed at the same time, a panel of miRNAs could be a better indicator of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Alexandru Moga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Andreea Bălan
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Oana Gabriela Dimienescu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Victoria Burtea
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Roxana Maria Dragomir
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Costin Vlad Anastasiu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu T, Guo J, Zhang X. MiR-202-5p/ PTEN mediates doxorubicin-resistance of breast cancer cells via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:989-998. [PMID: 30983514 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1591674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We intended to explore the effect of miR-202-5p and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) on doxorubicin (DOX) resistance of breast cancer cells. The result of quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) reveals that miR-202-5p was highly expressed in drug-resistant breast cancer tissues, while PTEN was expressed less. MiR-202-5p directly targeted PTEN. Further, it was found that the overexpression of miR-202-5p promoted the DOX resistance and proliferation as well as decreased apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. The lower expression of miR-202-5p inhibited DOX resistance and proliferation as well as increased the apoptosis of MCF-7/DOX cells. In vivo experiments showed that mice with downregulated miR-202-5p had smaller tumor volume and lower Ki67 level. The overexpression of PTEN declined the proliferation of MCF7 cells, while miR-202-5p's overexpression could offset the function of overexpression of PTEN. The knockdown of PTEN promoted MCF7/DOX cell proliferation that could be counteracted by miR-202-5p silence. Moreover, we also revealed that downregulated miR-202-5p expression inhibited PI3k/Akt signaling pathway-related protein by regulating expression of PTEN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- a Department of Breast Surgery , Linyi People's Hospital , Linyi , Shandong , China
| | - Jichao Guo
- b Department of General Surgery , Lanshan District People's Hospital , Linyi , Shandong , China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- a Department of Breast Surgery , Linyi People's Hospital , Linyi , Shandong , China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liquid biopsy in ovarian cancer: the potential of circulating miRNAs and exosomes. Transl Res 2019; 205:77-91. [PMID: 30391474 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer still remains the most lethal female cancer, since in most cases it is diagnosed at an advanced stage. Usually after completion of primary treatment chemoresistance occurs, and recurrent disease is finally observed. Liquid biopsy, based on minimally invasive and serial blood tests, has the advantage of following tumor evolution in real time, offering novel insights on precision medicine. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating cell-free microRNAs (cfmiRNAs) and circulating exosomes represent the major components of liquid biopsy analysis. Liquid biopsy has been already implemented in ovarian cancer, and most studies so far are mainly focused on CTCs and ctDNA. This review is mainly focused on the clinical potential of circulating miRNAs and exosomes as a source of liquid biopsy biomarkers in ovarian cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment.
Collapse
|
14
|
Qu M, Zhu Y, Jin M. MicroRNA-138 inhibits SOX12 expression and the proliferation, invasion and migration of ovarian cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1629-1638. [PMID: 30186381 PMCID: PMC6122409 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and biological functions of microRNA (miR)-138 in ovarian cancer at the tissue and cellular levels, as well as its underlying mechanisms. A total of 47 patients with ovarian cancer were included in the present study. Ovarian cancer tissues were subjected to staging classification according to the FIGO 2000 criteria. Lymphatic metastasis was also examined. Ovarian cancer A2780 cells were transfected using liposomes. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of miR-138. A Cell-Counting Kit 8 assay was used to examine cell viability, while a Transwell assay was employed to study cell invasion and migration. The effects of miR-138 on SOX12 protein expression were examined by western blot analysis. A dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to identify the direct interaction between miR-138 and SOX12 gene. Expression of miR-138 was downregulated in ovarian cancer tissues. The level of miR-138 in patients with ovarian cancer with lymphatic metastasis was significantly lower compared with patients without lymphatic metastasis. However, expression of miR-138 was not associated with the stage of ovarian cancer. Upregulation of miR-138 inhibited the proliferation and suppressed the invasion and migration of A2780 cells. SOX12 promoted the proliferation, invasion and migration of A2780 cells. In addition, miR-138 downregulated the expression of SOX12 via binding with the 3′-UTR of SOX12 gene. The present study demonstrates that miR-138 expression is downregulated in ovarian cancer tissues and miR-138 acts as a tumor suppressor gene by inhibiting SOX12 expression and the proliferation, invasion and migration of ovarian cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Qu
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272100, P.R. China
| | - Yongning Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272100, P.R. China
| | - Meng Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272100, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Up-regulation of miR-187 modulates the advances of oral carcinoma by targeting BARX2 tumor suppressor. Oncotarget 2018; 7:61355-61365. [PMID: 27542258 PMCID: PMC5308656 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Aberrations in miRNA regulation are known to play important roles in OSCC pathogenesis. miR-187 was shown to be up-regulated in head and neck malignancies in our previous screening. This study further investigated the oncogenic potential, clinical implications, and targets of miR-187 in OSCC. We observed that miR-187 increased oncogenicity, particularly migration, of OSCC cells. miR-187 expression increased the xenografic tumorigenicity and metastasis in mice. In addition, metastatic human OSCC had higher miR-187 expression than did non-metastatic tumors. Through vigorous screening, we confirmed BarH-like Homeobox 2 (BARX2) gene as an miR-187 target. BARX2 expression suppressed the migration, invasion, anchorage-independent colony formation, and orthotopic tumorigenesis of OSCC cells. The migratory phenotype and neck metastasis induced by miR-187 was rescued by BARX2 expression. BARX2 expression was down-regulated in the vast majority of OSCC, and this down-regulation was particularly conspicuous in tumors with advanced nodal metastasis. In addition, plasma miR-187 was significantly higher in OSCC patients than in normal individuals. This study highlights the roles of miR-187-BARX2 in driving the carcinogenesis of OSCC. The results suggest that miR-187 is a potential serological marker for OSCC and that targeting of miR-187 might prove effective in attenuating nodal metastasis.
Collapse
|
16
|
Qu Y, He Y, Li Z, Chen X, Liu Q, Zou S, Kong C, Liu Y, Gao C, Zhang G, Zhu W. Constructing an ovarian cancer metastasis index by dissecting medical records. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102212-102222. [PMID: 29254237 PMCID: PMC5731947 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of gynecological cancer-associated deaths. Metastasis, especially multi-organ metastasis, determines the speed of disease progression. A multicenter retrospective study was performed to identify the factors that drive metastasis, from medical records of 534 patients with OC. The average number of target organs per patient was 3.66, indicating multi-organ metastasis. The most common sites of metastasis were large intestine and greater omentum, which were prone to co-metastasis. Results indicated that ascites and laterality, rather than age and menopausal status, were the potential drivers for multi-organ metastasis. Cancer antigen (CA) 125 (CA-125) and nine other blood indicators were found to show a significant, but weak correlation with multi-organ metastasis. A neural network cascade-multiple linear regression hybrid model was built to create an ovarian cancer metastasis index (OCMI) by integration of six multi-organ metastasis drivers including CA-125, blood platelet count, lymphocytes percentage, prealbumin, ascites, and laterality. In an independent set of 267 OC medical records, OCMI showed a moderate correlation with multi-organ metastasis (Spearman ρ = 0.67), the value being 0.72 in premenopausal patients, and good performance in identifying multi-organ metastasis (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.832), implying a potential prognostic marker for OC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Qu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanan He
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhangming Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Xiuwei Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zou
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Congcong Kong
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yixiu Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ce Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangmei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang X, Ivan M, Hawkins SM. The role of MicroRNA molecules and MicroRNA-regulating machinery in the pathogenesis and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 147:481-487. [PMID: 28866430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA molecules are small, single-stranded RNA molecules that function to regulate networks of genes. They play important roles in normal female reproductive tract biology, as well as in the pathogenesis and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer. DROSHA, DICER, and Argonaute proteins are components of the microRNA-regulatory machinery and mediate microRNA production and function. This review discusses aberrant expression of microRNA molecules and microRNA-regulating machinery associated with clinical features of epithelial ovarian cancer. Understanding the regulation of microRNA molecule production and function may facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve the prognosis of women with epithelial ovarian cancer. Additionally, understanding microRNA molecules and microRNA-regulatory machinery associations with clinical features may influence prevention and early detection efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Mircea Ivan
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Shannon M Hawkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ku FC, Wu RC, Yang LY, Tang YH, Chang WY, Yang JE, Wang CC, Jung SM, Lin CT, Chang TC, Chao A, Lai CH. Clear cell carcinomas of the ovary have poorer outcomes compared with serous carcinomas: Results from a single-center Taiwanese study. J Formos Med Assoc 2017; 117:117-125. [PMID: 28389144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To compare the clinical outcomes of Taiwanese patients with ovarian clear cell carcinomas (CCCs) and serous carcinomas (SCs). METHODS We retrieved the clinical records of women with epithelial ovarian cancer (Stage I-IV) who received primary surgeries between 2000 and 2013. Cancer-specific survival (CSS), progression-free survival, and survival after recurrence (SAR) of CCC and SC patients were retrospectively compared. Multivariate analysis was used to identify the independent predictors of survival. RESULTS Of 891 women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer, 169 CCCs and 351 high-grade SCs were analyzed. The 5-year CSS rates of CCC patients were significantly lower than those of SC for both Stage III (22.3% vs. 47.3%, p = 0.001) and Stage IV (0% vs. 24.4%, p = 0.001) disease. In the absence of gross residual malignancies, the 5-year CSS rate was better for CCC (82.3%) than SC (75.2%, p = 0.010). The 5-year SAR rate was significantly lower for CCC than SC (14.3% vs. 24.4%, p = 0.002). Old age and residual malignancies were independent prognostic factors for CSS in the entire cohort of CCC patients. In the subgroup of Stage I CCC, positive cytology was identified as the only adverse prognostic factor for CSS. CONCLUSION The clinical outcomes of CCC are generally poorer than SC. Complete cytoreduction to no gross residual disease should be ideally achieved in CCC patients. A greater understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of CCC may lead to tailored therapies, ultimately optimizing outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Chun Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Yan Yang
- Biostatistics Unit, Clinical Trial Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsin Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yang Chang
- Biostatistics Unit, Clinical Trial Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Erh Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Jung
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tao Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Angel Chao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chyong-Huey Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gene set-based integrative analysis of ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 55:552-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
20
|
Ren X, Liu Y, Tao Y, Zhu G, Pei M, Zhang J, Liu J. Downregulation of SASH1 correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis in ovarian carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3123-3130. [PMID: 27123075 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SAM- and SH3-domain containing 1 (SASH1) is a recently identified tumor suppressor gene that is required in the tumorigenesis of breast and other solid carcinomas. The SASH1 protein contains SH3 and SAM domains, indicating that it may serve an important role in intracellular signal transduction. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the expression of SASH1 in ovarian carcinoma and the correlation between its expression with clinical pathological features and clinical significance, and the effect of SASH1 on cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration of ovarian SKOV3 cells. The human ovarian carcinoma tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected following surgery. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to detect the expression levels of SASH1 mRNA and protein, respectively. The expression levels of SASH1 mRNA and protein in ovarian carcinoma tissues were significantly lower than that observed in adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05). The expression levels of SASH1 in samples from patients without lymph nodes metastasis and patients with early FIGO stage was lower than those with lymph nodes metastasis and patients with advanced FIGO stage (P<0.05). Flow cytometry analysis and Transwell invasion chamber experiments were used to investigate the effect of SASH1 on the cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration of SKOV3 cells. The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-SASH1 was constructed and transfected into SKOV3 cells. In addition, the SKOV3 cells in the pcDNA3.1-SASH1 group exhibited significantly reduced cell growth, proliferation, and migration ability compared to the empty vector group and normal group (P<0.01). There were a greater number of apoptotic cells in the pcDNA3.1-SASH1 group compared to the empty vector group and normal group (P<0.01). Taken together, these results indicated that SASH1 may be a tumor suppressor gene in ovarian carcinoma, and SASH1 expression inhibited growth, proliferation and migration, and enhanced apoptosis of SKOV3 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Ren
- Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu 226018, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Tao
- Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu 226018, P.R. China
| | - Guoxiang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu 226018, P.R. China
| | - Meilan Pei
- Department of Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu 226018, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Prahm KP, Novotny GW, Høgdall C, Høgdall E. Current status on microRNAs as biomarkers for ovarian cancer. APMIS 2016; 124:337-55. [PMID: 26809719 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in the Western world, and has a very poor prognosis, often due to late diagnosis and emergence of chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, there is an essential need for new diagnostic and prognostic markers that can improve and initiate more personalized treatment, eventually improving survival of the patients. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules, that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Several studies have within the last decade shown that microRNAs are deregulated in OC and have potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for OC. Recently studies have also focused on microRNAs as predictors of chemotherapy responses and their potential as therapeutic targets. However, many of the published studies are difficult to interpret as a whole due to various methods of analysis. Future focus should be aimed at developing a general standardized analytical method, which can limit differences between studies thus allowing easier comparison across them. In addition, validation of studies in independent series that ideally should be histotype-specific is essential to determine the clinical role of microRNAs in different types of OC. In this review we summarize the current knowledge of microRNAs as potential biomarkers for OC, with focus on their clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kira Philipsen Prahm
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Danish Cancer Biobank, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Gynaecology, Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guy Wayne Novotny
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Danish Cancer Biobank, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Claus Høgdall
- Department of Gynaecology, Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Danish Cancer Biobank, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Slaby O. Circulating Blood-Borne microRNAs as Biomarkers in Solid Tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 106:75-122. [PMID: 26608200 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0955-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in cancer research is the identification of stable biomarkers that could be routinely measured in easily accessible samples. Human blood and other body fluids represent rich sources for the identification of novel biomarkers. It is apparent that the availability of these biomarkers would improve an early detection of asymptomatic disease and the clinical management of cancer. MicroRNAs have been described to be present in various types of body fluids including cell-free serum and plasma. These days, the involvement of microRNAs in molecular pathology of cancer is well established. Moreover, it seems that these molecules could be optimal noninvasive biomarkers owing to their high stability under storage and handling conditions and high sensitivity and specificity in various diseases. To date, more than 100 circulating microRNAs with the potential to serve as novel diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive biomarkers for different types of cancers have been identified, and this number is still increasing. However, there are major discrepancies in the findings by different research groups, and few commonly altered microRNAs have been reported in these studies. Further studies on large cohorts using uniform methodology are warranted to establish the clinical applicability of circulating microRNAs for solid tumors. Here, we summarize the tumor-specific profiles of blood-borne microRNAs and discuss their potential utility for personalized medicine of solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Akt2/ZEB2 may be a biomarker for exfoliant cells in ascitic fluid in advanced grades of serous ovarian carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7213-9. [PMID: 25894377 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers present a mild clinical course when diagnosed early but an aggressive pathway when diagnosed in the peri- and postmenopausal periods. However, the predictability of tumor progression is stochastic and is difficult to predict. In the present study, we hypothesized to examine the key pathways that are dysregulated to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition in serous ovarian carcinoma. Examination of these steps would help to identify ascitic fluid with cells poised for metastasis or otherwise. We focused on examining the Akt2 expression, mainly because of its report as being overamplified in the aggressive variants of ovarian cancer, as well as TGFbeta-sensitivity of Akt2 that forms the key basis for metastasis initiation of most kinds of carcinoma. We obtained primary ovarian carcinoma samples as well as ascitic fluid and distantly metastatic ovarian carcinoma to examine the expression of Akt2. The results of the study demonstrated that in malignant exfoliated ovarian cancer cells, Smad4 expression was tremendously increased in the nuclei, suggesting nuclear translocation of Smad, which thereafter may have activated ZEB2, and thereafter genomically affected the expression of E-cadherin, myosin II, and vimentin, key components for initiating and sustaining metastasis. All of these may have been stimulated by increased cellular expression of Akt2 in metastatic variants of the serous ovarian carcinoma. The reliance on Akt2 and TGF beta signaling may also potentiate the case for Akt inhibitors or small molecule inhibitors of TGFbeta signaling like doxycycline as adjunct chemotherapy in serous ovarian carcinoma, especially the metastatic variants.
Collapse
|