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Benabdelmoumen G, Van der Pluijm RW, Taieb F, Jidar K, Kuhmel L, Lucet C, Buffet P, Hochedez P, Itani O, Consigny PH. Health problems and exposure to infectious risks in returning humanitarian aid workers. J Travel Med 2024; 31:taae050. [PMID: 38552155 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humanitarian aid workers are exposed to deployment-related health threats. Identifying subgroups at a higher risk of infection in this diverse population could help optimize prevention. METHODS We carried out a retrospective study based on anonymized data of humanitarian aid workers that visited our clinic for a post-deployment visit between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2021. We conducted a descriptive analysis of basic demographic data, self-reported risk exposure and health problems encountered during deployment extracted from a standard questionnaire. RESULTS The questionnaire was administered to 1238 aid workers during 1529 post-deployment medical consultations. The median age was 37.2 years (IQR 31.7-44.3), and 718/1529 (47.0%) were female aid workers. The median duration of deployment was 6 months (IQR 3-12 months). Most deployments (1321/1529 (86.4%)) were for a medical organization and in Sub-Saharan Africa (73.2%). The most common risk exposures were contact with freshwater in schistosomiasis endemic regions (187/1308 (14.3%)), unprotected sexual contact with a person other than a regular partner (138/1529 (9.0%)), suspected rabies exposure (56/1529 (3.7%)) and accidental exposure to blood (44/1529 (2.9%)). Gastrointestinal problems (487/1529 (31.9%)), malaria (237/1529 (15.5%)) and respiratory tract infections (94/1529 (6,2%)) were the most encountered health problems. Fifteen volunteers (1%) were hospitalized during deployment and 19 (1.2%) repatriated due to health problems. Adherence to malaria chemoprophylaxis was poor, only taken according to the prescription in 355 out of 1225 (29.0%) of aid workers for whom prophylaxis was indicated. CONCLUSION Humanitarian aid workers deployed abroad encounter significant rates of health problems and report a high level of risk exposure during their deployment, with the risks being greatest among younger people, those deployed to rural areas, and those working for non-medical organizations. These findings help guide future pre-deployment consultations, to increase awareness and reduce risk behaviour during deployment, as well as focus on adherence to medical advice such as malaria chemoprophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabien Taieb
- Institut Pasteur, Centre Médical, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Kaoutar Jidar
- Institut Pasteur, Centre Médical, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Kuhmel
- Institut Pasteur, Centre Médical, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Cora Lucet
- Institut Pasteur, Centre Médical, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Buffet
- Institut Pasteur, Centre Médical, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Oula Itani
- Institut Pasteur, Centre Médical, 75015 Paris, France
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Kumar A, Rajendran A, Usman M, Ahuja J, Samad S, Mittal A, Garg P, Baitha U, Ranjan P, Wig N. Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding travel medicine amongst physicians in an apex tertiary hospital in Northern India. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2022; 8:13. [PMID: 35642069 PMCID: PMC9155205 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-022-00170-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Travel medicine focuses primarily on pre-travel preventive care and the conditions and diseases acquired during or after travel. There is a paucity of validated tools to assess the knowledge, attitude and practises of physicians with regard to travel medicine. We attempted to develop a tool to assess existing expertise among Medicine and Infectious Diseases resident doctors with respect to travel medicine. METHODS Item level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) were estimated for each of the items to establish the content validity. Refined measures of inter-rater agreement (Brennan and Prediger Agreement Coefficient and Gwet's Agreement Coefficient) were estimated for the tool. RESULTS The final version of the questionnaire had satisfactory content validity (I-CVI > 0∙6 and S-CVI/Ave > 0∙9) and possessed high agreement among the raters (Brennan and Prediger AC > 0∙7, p < 0∙01 and Gwet's AC > 0∙8, p < 0∙01) with regard to necessity, clarity and relevance of the scale. CONCLUSIONS This tool covers a wide range of questions and is scientifically validated. The final version of the tool can be used largely for the assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices among medical practitioners. This is instrumental to build targeted intervention programs to enhance the knowledge regarding travel medicine among health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar
- Department of Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
| | | | - Mohd Usman
- Department of Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Jatin Ahuja
- Infectious Diseases & Travel Health Specialist, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Prerna Garg
- Department of Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Naveet Wig
- Department of Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Health and security risks of humanitarian aid workers during field missions: Experience of the International Red Cross. Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 46:102275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lopez-Gigosos RM, Segura M, Mariscal-Lopez E, Gutierrez-Bedmar M, Mariscal A. Prevalence of Chronic Diseases among International Travelers Seeking Pretravel Medical Advice in 2018 at Malaga, Spain. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 102:684-688. [PMID: 31933463 PMCID: PMC7056420 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Travelers with preexisting diseases or chronic conditions may be more susceptible to travel-related health risks. They may, therefore, require more attention from specialist travel medicine providers. Our objective was to examine a group of international travelers in Malaga, Spain, quantify the proportion of travelers suffering from chronic conditions, and understand the characteristics of this group. A representative sample of travelers requesting pretravel medical advice at one travel clinic were asked about their preexisting chronic conditions and any immunosuppression. Additional demographic variables were used in an analysis of bivariate correlations. We used a binary logistic regression analysis to identify relationships between independent variables (age, gender, type of trip, travel duration, and destination) and the presence or absence of chronic conditions in travelers. Of the sample of 1,196 travelers, 258 (21.6%) reported having preexisting chronic conditions and 72 (6%) had two or more chronic conditions. Twenty-four of the travelers with chronic conditions (9%) were immunocompromised because of the disease or treatment. The two most common chronic conditions were cardiovascular disease and chronic respiratory conditions (36.8% and 17.1%, respectively). The chronic condition increased by 6.7% for every year of increased age. Travelers with chronic conditions are older, travel mainly to visit friends and relatives, and take shorter trips. More than half of travelers visiting (55.8%) needed more attention from the travel medicine practitioner because of their preexisting chronic conditions, age, or type of travel. Surveillance data based on the population of people traveling would be helpful to provide better advice to travelers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. Lopez-Gigosos
- Department of Public Health and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- International Vaccination Center of Malaga, Maritime Port of Malaga, Ministry of Health, Consumption and Social Welfare, Government of Spain, Malaga, Spain
| | - Marina Segura
- International Vaccination Center of Malaga, Maritime Port of Malaga, Ministry of Health, Consumption and Social Welfare, Government of Spain, Malaga, Spain
| | - Eloisa Mariscal-Lopez
- Department of Public Health and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Mario Gutierrez-Bedmar
- Department of Public Health and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Alberto Mariscal
- Department of Public Health and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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Vilkman K, Pakkanen SH, Lääveri T, Siikamäki H, Kantele A. Travelers' health problems and behavior: prospective study with post-travel follow-up. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:328. [PMID: 27412525 PMCID: PMC4944265 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The annual number of international tourist arrivals has recently exceeded one billion, yet surprisingly few studies have characterized travelers’ behavior, illness, and risk factors in a prospective setting. Particularly scarce are surveys of data spanning travel, return, and follow-up of the same cohort. This study examines behavior and illness among travelers while abroad, after return home, and at follow-up. Patterns of behavior connected to type of travel and illness are characterized so as to identify risk factors and provide background data for pre-travel advice. Methods Volunteers to this prospective cohort study were recruited at visits to a travel clinic prior to departure. Data on the subjects’ health and behavior were collected by questionnaires before and after journeys and over a three-week follow-up. In addition, the subjects were asked to fill in health diaries while traveling. Results The final study population consisted of 460 subjects, 79 % of whom reported illness during travel or on arrival: 69 % had travelers’ diarrhea (TD), 17 % skin problems, 17 % fever, 12 % vomiting, 8 % respiratory tract infection, 4 % urinary tract infection, 2 % ear infection, 4 % gastrointestinal complaints other than TD or vomiting, and 4 % other symptoms. Of all subjects, 10 % consulted a doctor and 0.7 % were hospitalized; 18 % took antimicrobials, with TD as the most common indication (64 %). Ongoing symptoms were reported by 25 % of all travelers upon return home. During the three-week follow-up (return rate 51 %), 32 % of respondents developed new-onset symptoms, 20 % visited a doctor and 1.7 % were hospitalized. Factors predisposing to health problems were identified by multivariable analysis: certain regions (Southern Asia, South-Eastern Asia, and Eastern Africa), female gender, young age, and long travel duration. Conclusions Despite proper preventive measures like vaccinations, malaria prophylaxis, and travel advice, the majority of our subjects fell ill during or after travel. As the symptoms mostly remained mild, health care services were seldom needed. Typical traveler profiles were identified, thereby providing a tool for pre-travel advice. The finding that one third reported new-onset illness during follow-up attests to the importance of advising clients on potential post-travel health problems already during pre-travel visits. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1682-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Vilkman
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, (P.O. Box 21), 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Inflammation Center, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Aurora Hospital, Nordenskiöldinkatu 20, (P.O. Box 348), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari H Pakkanen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, (P.O. Box 21), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tinja Lääveri
- Inflammation Center, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Aurora Hospital, Nordenskiöldinkatu 20, (P.O. Box 348), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Siikamäki
- Inflammation Center, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Aurora Hospital, Nordenskiöldinkatu 20, (P.O. Box 348), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Kantele
- Inflammation Center, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Aurora Hospital, Nordenskiöldinkatu 20, (P.O. Box 348), Helsinki, Finland. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Aava Travel Clinic, Medical Centre Aava, Annankatu 32, 00100, Helsinki, Finland. .,Unit of Infectious Diseases, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Boubaker R, Meige P, Mialet C, Buffat CN, Uwanyiligira M, Widmer F, Rochat J, Fossati AH, Souvannaraj-Blanchant M, Payot S, Rochat L, de Vallière S, Genton B, D'Acremont V. Travellers' profile, travel patterns and vaccine practices--a 10-year prospective study in a Swiss Travel Clinic. J Travel Med 2016; 23:tav017. [PMID: 26792229 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/tav017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The travel clinic in Lausanne serves a catchment area of 700 000 of inhabitants and provides pre- and post-travel consultations. This study describes the profile of attendees before departure, their travel patterns and the travel clinic practices in terms of vaccination over time. METHODS We included all pre-travel first consultation data recorded between November 2002 and December 2012 by a custom-made program DIAMM/G. We analysed client profiles, travel characteristics and vaccinations prescribed over time. RESULTS Sixty-five thousand and forty-six client-trips were recorded. Fifty-one percent clients were female. Mean age was 32 years. In total, 0.1% were aged <1 year and 0.2% ≥80 years. Forty-six percent of travellers had pre-existing medical conditions. Forty-six percent were travelling to Africa, 35% to Asia, 20% to Latin America and 1% (each) to Oceania and Europe; 19% visited more than one country. India was the most common destination (9.6% of travellers) followed by Thailand (8.6%) and Kenya (6.4%). Seventy-three percent of travellers were planning to travel for ≤ 4 weeks. The main reasons for travel were tourism (75%) and visiting friends and relatives (18%). Sixteen percent were backpackers. Pre-travel advice were sought a median of 29 days before departure. Ninety-nine percent received vaccine(s). The most frequently administered vaccines were hepatitis A (53%), tetanus-diphtheria (46%), yellow fever (39%), poliomyelitis (38%) and typhoid fever (30%). CONCLUSIONS The profile of travel clinic attendees was younger than the general Swiss population. A significant proportion of travellers received vaccinations that are recommended in the routine national programme. These findings highlight the important role of travel clinics to (i) take care of an age group that has little contact with general practitioners and (ii) update vaccination status. The most commonly prescribed travel-related vaccines were for hepatitis A and yellow fever. The question remains to know whether clients do attend travel clinics because of compulsory vaccinations or because of real travel health concern or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Boubaker
- Travel Clinic, Department of Ambulatory care and Community Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland,
| | - Pierrette Meige
- Travel Clinic, Department of Ambulatory care and Community Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Mialet
- Travel Clinic, Department of Ambulatory care and Community Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Ngarambe Buffat
- Travel Clinic, Department of Ambulatory care and Community Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mediatrice Uwanyiligira
- Travel Clinic, Department of Ambulatory care and Community Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francine Widmer
- Travel Clinic, Department of Ambulatory care and Community Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacynthe Rochat
- Travel Clinic, Department of Ambulatory care and Community Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Annie Hérard Fossati
- Travel Clinic, Department of Ambulatory care and Community Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sylvie Payot
- Travel Clinic, Department of Ambulatory care and Community Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Rochat
- Travel Clinic, Department of Ambulatory care and Community Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Serge de Vallière
- Travel Clinic, Department of Ambulatory care and Community Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland, Infectious Disease Service, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland and
| | - Blaise Genton
- Travel Clinic, Department of Ambulatory care and Community Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland, Infectious Disease Service, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland and Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valérie D'Acremont
- Travel Clinic, Department of Ambulatory care and Community Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
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McGuinness SL, Spelman T, Johnson DF, Leder K. Immediate recall of health issues discussed during a pre-travel consultation. J Travel Med 2015; 22:145-51. [PMID: 25594824 DOI: 10.1111/jtm.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An important role of pre-travel consultations is to improve travelers' understanding of travel-related diseases, but the efficacy of education provided is unknown. This study sought to assess recall and knowledge immediately following a pre-travel consultation. METHODS The study was conducted at a hospital-based pre-travel clinic in Melbourne, Australia. Travelers aged ≥16 years seen between September 2010 and March 2012 were invited to complete an anonymous self-administered questionnaire immediately following their consultation to assess knowledge of appropriate preventive measures and presumptive self-treatment strategies for common travel risks. The doctor of each participating traveler also completed a survey regarding issues discussed. RESULTS A total of 300 participants were recruited (34% male, median age 31 years). Most were traveling for vacation (77%) and reported previous travel (95%). Main travel destinations were Asia (43%), Americas (21%), and Africa (17%). Doctors' and travelers' surveys showed variable levels of concordance: 94% of patients recalled discussion of malaria, 84% rabies, and 76% dengue. For malaria, 95% remembered discussions regarding insect repellents, and 92% recalled that medical advice should be sought if fever developed. For travelers with whom rabies was discussed, 94% recalled that medical advice must be urgently sought following a bite/scratch. For travelers' diarrhea (TD), 99% knew to drink only boiled/bottled water, but 13% did not recall avoiding unpeeled fruit/vegetables as a prevention strategy. There was 20% discordance between doctors and travelers regarding antibiotics for TD self-treatment, but only 4% discordance regarding prescription of malaria prophylaxis. Factors associated with improved recall were doctor discussion, previous travel, and a university education. CONCLUSIONS Key travel health messages are well assimilated after pre-travel consultation. However, large amounts of information are discussed and immediate recollection of all information is not possible. This study reinforces the importance of providing supplementary information (eg, written and/or electronic resources) to accompany pre-travel consultations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L McGuinness
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service (VIDS), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Stoney RJ, Jentes ES, Sotir MJ, Kozarsky P, Rao SR, LaRocque RC, Ryan ET. Pre-travel preparation of US travelers going abroad to provide humanitarian service, Global TravEpiNet 2009-2011. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 90:553-559. [PMID: 24445203 PMCID: PMC3945703 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed characteristics of humanitarian service workers (HSWs) seen pre-travel at Global TravEpiNet (GTEN) practices during 2009-2011. Of 23,264 travelers, 3,663 (16%) travelers were classified as HSWs. Among HSWs, 1,269 (35%) travelers were medical workers, 1,298 (35%) travelers were non-medical service workers, and 990 (27%) travelers were missionaries. Median age was 29 years, and 63% of travelers were female. Almost one-half (49%) traveled to 1 of 10 countries; the most frequent destinations were Haiti (14%), Honduras (8%), and Kenya (6%). Over 90% of travelers were vaccinated for or considered immune to hepatitis A, typhoid, and yellow fever. However, for hepatitis B, 292 (29%) of 990 missionaries, 228 (18%) of 1,298 non-medical service workers, and 76 (6%) of 1,269 medical workers were not vaccinated or considered immune. Of HSWs traveling to Haiti during 2010, 5% of travelers did not receive malaria chemoprophylaxis. Coordinated efforts from HSWs, HSW agencies, and clinicians could reduce vaccine coverage gaps and improve use of malaria chemoprophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhett J. Stoney
- Travelers' Health Branch, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), Bedford Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Visser JT, Edwards CA. Dengue fever, tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis C virus conversion in a group of long-term development aid workers. J Travel Med 2013; 20:361-7. [PMID: 24118595 DOI: 10.1111/jtm.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development and humanitarian aid workers are a diverse group of travelers who, because of the nature of their travel, may have specific travel-related health risks. The main objective of this study was to quantify the risk of dengue fever virus (DFV), tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in a group of long-term development aid volunteers. METHODS Medical files of Volunteer Service Abroad (VSA) volunteers and their accompanying family/partner/spouse serving over 17 years (1995-2011) were reviewed. Demographics, destination, months spent in-country, and, where available, results of pre- and post-assignment testing for DFV, TB, HCV and HIV infections were extracted. RESULTS Results from 652 assignments were audited. Conversion rates were calculated when both pre- and post-assignment results were available. Evidence of dengue fever seroconversion was found in 6.3% of 205 volunteers [at a rate of 3.4 per 1,000 person months (pm) on assignment], with assignments in Southeast Asia having the highest risk. Evidence of TB during assignment was found in 2.9% of 336 volunteers converting at a rate of 1.4 per 1,000 pm. There were no HIV or HCV infections detected. On post-assignment questioning, 6.7% of volunteers reported unprotected sex with someone other than their regular partner and 9.8% reported a potential exposure to blood and/or blood products. CONCLUSIONS Infection with DFV and TB occurred in this group at rates similar to that seen in other groups of long-term travelers, and screening would appear to be warranted. While none contracted HIV or HCV infection, reported behavior did put them at risk of blood- and body fluid-borne diseases. It is important that pre-assignment travel health preparation in this group focuses on strategies to minimize these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny T Visser
- Department of Primary Health Care and General Practice, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Demographics, health and travel characteristics of international travellers at a pre-travel clinic in Marseille, France. Travel Med Infect Dis 2012; 10:247-56. [PMID: 23062668 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to identify at-risk individuals among a cohort of international travellers, 3442 individuals who sought advice at Marseille travel health centre in 2009 were prospectively included. Demographics, travel characteristics, chronic medical conditions, vaccinations and antimalarial chemoprophylaxis were documented. Chronic medical conditions were reported by 11% of individuals, including hypertension (39%), asthma (20%), thyroid disease (15%) and depression (13%). 4% reported taking a daily medication, and psychotropic and cardiovascular medications were the most commonly used. Older travellers (≥60 years) accounted for 10% of the travellers and the prevalence of chronic medical conditions was 27% in this group. Individuals aged 15 years or less accounted for 13% of the travellers. Age, last minute travel (17%) and neurological and psychiatric diseases were the most frequent factors that influenced Yellow fever vaccination and malaria chemoprophylaxis, with more than one tenth of the travellers reporting at least one risk factor for which adjusted advice may be necessary. Migrants visiting their relatives in their origin country accounted for 14% of travellers and 73% of this group travelled with their family including young children. We demonstrate that a significant proportion of travellers are at-risk (43%) because of their travel conditions (VFR), their age, or their health status, and should be targeted for risk reduction strategies.
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Wyler N, Green S, Boddington N, Davies C, Friedli K, Lankester T. Travel related illness in short-term volunteers from the UK to developing countries. Travel Med Infect Dis 2012; 10:172-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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