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Jimenez J, Cilek JE, Schluep SM, Lundin JG. Designing thermoreversible gels for extended release of mosquito repellent. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39176566 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb01384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for 700 000 deaths annually. Current outdoor protective strategies primarily focus on direct skin application of commercial repellents (i.e., aerosol sprays or topical lotions) which are typically limited to efficacy times of ≤10 hours due to rapid evaporation and dermal absorption. Consequently, frequent reapplication for continuous protection can increase associated health hazards and cause noncompliance. This study utilizes Hansen solubility parameter modeling to design physical gels composed of insect-repelling N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) and modacrylic copolymer poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl chloride) (P(AN-VC)). The P(AN-VC)/DEET composites exhibit tunable and reversible sol-gel transition temperatures that can meet the thermomechanical stability demands of the intended application and permit facile transition to commercial melt processing techniques such as injection molding, filament spinning, or film casting. P(AN-VC)/DEET gel films demonstrate mosquito repellency for more than half a year-performing longer than any other known material to date-due to the high reservoir of repellent and its desorption hindrance from the polymer matrix. Therefore, P(AN-VC)/DEET gels hold significant potential for extended protection against mosquitos and other biting arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Jimenez
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - James E Cilek
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sierra M Schluep
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Lundin
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Washington, DC, USA.
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2
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Nwagwu C, Onugwu A, Echezona A, Uzondu S, Agbo C, Kenechukwu F, Ogbonna J, Ugorji L, Nwobi L, Nwobi O, Mmuotoo O, Ezeibe E, Loretz B, Tarirai C, Mbara KC, Agumah N, Nnamani P, Ofokansi K, Lehr CM, Attama A. Biopolymeric and lipid-based nanotechnological strategies for the design and development of novel mosquito repellent systems: recent advances. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024:d4na00474d. [PMID: 39247861 PMCID: PMC11378059 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00474d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are the most medically important arthropod vectors of several human diseases. These diseases are known to severely incapacitate and debilitate millions of people, resulting in countless loss of lives. Over the years, several measures have been put in place to control the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases, one of which is using repellents. Repellents are one of the most effective personal protective measures against mosquito-borne diseases. However, conventional delivery systems of repellents (e.g., creams, gels, and sprays) are plagued with toxicity and short-term efficacy issues. The application of biopolymeric and lipid-based systems has been explored over the years to develop better delivery systems for active pharmaceutical ingredients including mosquito repellents. These delivery systems (e.g., solid lipid micro/nanoparticles, micro/nanoemulsions, or liposomes) possess desirable properties such as high biocompatibility, versatility, and controlled/sustained drug delivery, and thus are very important in tackling the clinical challenges of conventional repellent systems. Their capability for controlled/sustained drug release has improved patient compliance as it removes the need for consistent reapplication of repellents. They can also be engineered to reduce repellents' skin permeation, consequently improving their safety. However, despite the benefits that these systems offer very few of them have been successfully translated to the global market for commercial use, a vital challenge that previous reports have not thoroughly examined. The issue of limited clinical translation of novel repellent systems is a vital aspect to consider, as the ultimate goal is to move these systems from bench to bedside. As such, this study seeks to highlight the recent advances in the use of biopolymeric and lipid-based systems for the development of novel mosquito-repellent systems and also analyze the challenges that have limited the clinical translation of these systems while proposing possible strategies to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinekwu Nwagwu
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland Saarbrucken Germany
| | - Adaeze Onugwu
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Adaeze Echezona
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Samuel Uzondu
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Chinazom Agbo
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Frankline Kenechukwu
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - John Ogbonna
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Lydia Ugorji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Lotanna Nwobi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Obichukwu Nwobi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka Enugu State Nigeria
| | - Oluchi Mmuotoo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Ezinwanne Ezeibe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland Saarbrucken Germany
| | - Clemence Tarirai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa
| | - Kingsley Chimaeze Mbara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa
| | - Nnabuife Agumah
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University Nigeria
| | - Petra Nnamani
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland Saarbrucken Germany
| | - Kenneth Ofokansi
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Claus-Micheal Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland Saarbrucken Germany
| | - Anthony Attama
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
- Institute for Drug-Herbal Medicine-Excipient Research and Development, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
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3
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Liu F, Coutinho-Abreu IV, Raban R, Nguyen TTD, Dimas AR, Merriman JA, Akbari OS. Engineered skin microbiome reduces mosquito attraction to mice. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae267. [PMID: 39081786 PMCID: PMC11287867 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The skin microbiome plays a pivotal role in the production of attractive cues detected by mosquitoes. Here, we leveraged recent advances in genetic engineering to significantly reduce the production of L-(+)-lactic acid as a strategy to reduce mosquito attraction to the highly prominent skin commensals Staphylococcus epidermidis and Corynebacterium amycolatum. Engraftment of these engineered bacteria onto the skin of mice reduced mosquito attraction and feeding for up to 11 uninterrupted days, which is considerably longer than the several hours of protection conferred by the leading chemical repellent N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide. Taken together, our findings demonstrate engineering the skin microbiome to reduce attractive volatiles represents an innovative untapped strategy to reduce vector attraction, preventing bites, and pathogen transmission. These findings set the stage for new classes of long-lasting microbiome-based repellent products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Iliano V Coutinho-Abreu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robyn Raban
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tam Thuy Dan Nguyen
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Microbiome Therapies Initiative (MITI), Stanford University, 3165 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alejandra R Dimas
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Microbiome Therapies Initiative (MITI), Stanford University, 3165 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph A Merriman
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Microbiome Therapies Initiative (MITI), Stanford University, 3165 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Omar S Akbari
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Msellemu D, Tanner M, Yadav R, Moore SJ. Occupational exposure to malaria, leishmaniasis and arbovirus vectors in endemic regions: A systematic review. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2024; 6:100185. [PMID: 39027087 PMCID: PMC11252614 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases, including dengue, leishmaniasis and malaria, may be more common among individuals whose occupations or behaviours bring them into frequent contact with these disease vectors outside of their homes. A systematic review was conducted to ascertain at-risk occupations and situations that put individuals at increased risk of exposure to these disease vectors in endemic regions and identify the most suitable interventions for each exposure. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines on articles published between 1945 and October 2021, searched in 16 online databases. The primary outcome was incidence or prevalence of dengue, leishmaniasis or malaria. The review excluded ecological and qualitative studies, abstracts only, letters, commentaries, reviews, and studies of laboratory-acquired infections. Studies were appraised, data extracted, and a descriptive analysis conducted. Bite interventions for each risk group were assessed. A total of 1170 articles were screened and 99 included. Malaria, leishmaniasis and dengue were presented in 47, 41 and 24 articles, respectively; some articles presented multiple conditions. The most represented populations were soldiers, 38% (43 of 112 studies); refugees and travellers, 15% (17) each; migrant workers, 12.5% (14); miners, 9% (10); farmers, 5% (6); rubber tappers and missionaries, 1.8% (2) each; and forest workers, 0.9% (1). Risk of exposure was categorised into round-the-clock or specific times of day/night dependent on occupation. Exposure to these vectors presents a critical and understudied concern for outdoor workers and mobile populations. When devising interventions to provide round-the-clock vector bite protection, two populations are considered. First, mobile populations, characterized by their high mobility, may find potential benefits in insecticide-treated clothing, though more research and optimization are essential. Treated clothing offers personal vector protection and holds promise for economically disadvantaged individuals, especially when enabling them to self-treat their clothing to repel vectors. Secondly, semi-permanent and permanent settlement populations can receive a combination of interventions that offer both personal and community protection, including spatial repellents, suitable for extended stays. Existing research is heavily biased towards tourism and the military, diverting attention and resources from vulnerable populations where these interventions are most required like refugee populations as well as those residing in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Msellemu
- Vector Control Product Testing Unit, Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Tanzania
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Tanner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rajpal Yadav
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- Academy of Public Health Entomology, Udaipur, 313 002, India
| | - Sarah J. Moore
- Vector Control Product Testing Unit, Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Tanzania
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P.O. Box 447, Tengeru, Arusha, Tanzania
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Coutinho-Abreu IV, Jamshidi O, Raban R, Atabakhsh K, Merriman JA, Akbari OS. Identification of human skin microbiome odorants that manipulate mosquito landing behavior. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1631. [PMID: 38238397 PMCID: PMC10796395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The resident human skin microbiome is responsible for the production of most of the human scents that are attractive to mosquitoes. Hence, engineering the human skin microbiome to synthesize less of mosquito attractants or produce repellents could potentially reduce bites and prevent the transmission of deadly mosquito-borne pathogens. In order to further characterize the human skin volatilome, we quantified the major volatiles of 39 strains of skin commensals (Staphylococci and Corynebacterium). Importantly, to validate the behavioral activity of these volatiles, we first assessed landing behavior triggered by human skin volatiles. We demonstrated that landing behavior is gated by the presence of carbon dioxide and L-(+)-lactic acid. This is similar to the combinatorial coding triggering mosquito short range attraction. Repellency behavior to selected skin volatiles and terpenes was tested in the presence of carbon dioxide and L-(+)-lactic acid. In a 2-choice landing behavior context, the skin volatiles 2- and 3-methyl butyric acids reduced mosquito landing by 62.0-81.6% and 87.1-99.6%, respectively. Similarly, the terpene geraniol was capable of reducing mosquito landing behavior by 74.9%. We also tested the potential repellency effects of terpenes in mosquitoes at short-range using a 4-port olfactometer. In these assays, geraniol reduced mosquito attraction (69-78%) to a mixture of key human kairomones carbon dioxide, L-(+)-lactic acid, and ammonia. These findings demonstrate that carbon dioxide and L-(+)-lactic acid change the valence of other skin volatiles towards mosquito landing behavior. Moreover, this study offers candidate odorants to be targeted in a novel strategy to reduce attractants or produce repellents by the human skin microbiota that may curtail mosquito bites, and subsequent mosquito-borne disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliano V Coutinho-Abreu
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Omid Jamshidi
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Robyn Raban
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Katayoon Atabakhsh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joseph A Merriman
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Microbiome Therapies Initiative, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Omar S Akbari
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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6
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Liu F, Coutinho-Abreu IV, Raban R, Nguyen TTD, Dimas AR, Merriman JA, Akbari OS. Engineered Skin Microbiome Reduces Mosquito Attraction to Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.572663. [PMID: 38187765 PMCID: PMC10769399 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The skin microbiome plays a pivotal role in the production of attractive cues detected by mosquitoes. Here we leveraged recent advances in genetic engineering to significantly reduce the production of L-(+)-lactic acid as a strategy to reduce mosquito attraction to the highly prominent skin commensals Staphylococcus epidermidis and Corynebacterium amycolatum . Engraftment of these engineered bacteria onto the skin of mice reduced mosquito attraction and feeding for up to 11 uninterrupted days, which is considerably longer than the several hours of protection conferred by the leading chemical repellent DEET. Taken together, our findings demonstrate engineering the skin microbiome to reduce attractive volatiles represents an innovative untapped strategy to reduce vector attraction, preventing bites, and pathogen transmission setting the stage for new classes of long-lasting microbiome-based repellent products. One-Sentence Summary Modified microbes make skin less attractive to mosquitoes.
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7
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Oshima K. Clinical Characteristics of Human Pulmonary Dirofilariasis in Japan: An Uncommon Differential Diagnosis of a Solitary Pulmonary Nodule. Jpn J Infect Dis 2023; 76:310-313. [PMID: 37258177 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2022.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Human pulmonary dirofilariasis (HPD) is a zoonotic disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis. Most HPD cases are asymptomatic and are either detected during annual health checkups or incidentally identified during the investigation of other diseases, particularly primary or metastatic pulmonary lung cancers. However, the frequency and clinical features of Japanese patients with HPD remain unclear. We analyzed data from the Japanese Medical Abstract Society database and identified 69 cases between 1978 and 2022. The incidence of HPD increased until the 2000s but declined markedly in the 2010s. The incidence is higher in the southwestern region and lower in the northeastern region of Japan. Health checkups are the primary diagnostic opportunities. The Chugoku and Shikoku regions have had high incidence rates per population. The diagnosis of HPD using a noninvasive procedure is typically difficult because of the absence of specific clinical symptoms, and approximately 70% of the cases are detected using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Climate change may increase the incidence of HPD in the northeastern region of Japan, and travel to countries with poor vector control may be a risk factor for HPD transmission. Physicians should consider this parasitic infectious disease when examining patients presenting with solitary lung nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Oshima
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Nararak J, Sanguanpong U, Sukkanon C, Manguin S, Chareonviriyaphap T. Synergistic Repellent and Irritant Effects of a Mixture of β-Caryophyllene Oxide and Vetiver Oil against Mosquito Vectors. INSECTS 2023; 14:773. [PMID: 37754741 PMCID: PMC10532066 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Repellents play a major role in reducing the risk of mosquito-borne diseases by preventing mosquito bites. The present study evaluated the mosquito-repellent activity of β-caryophyllene oxide 1% (BCO), vetiver oil 2.5% (VO), and their binary mixtures (BCO + VO (1:1), BCO + VO (2:1), BCO + VO (1:2)) against four laboratory-colonized mosquito species, Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Anopheles minimus Theobald, and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, using an excito-repellency assay system. In general, the compound mixtures produced a much stronger response in the mosquitoes than single compounds, regardless of the test conditions or species. The greatest synergetic effect was achieved with the combination of BCO + VO (1:2) in both contact and noncontact trials with An. minimus (74.07-78.18%) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (55.36-83.64%). Knockdown responses to the binary mixture of BCO + VO were observed for Ae. albopictus, An. minimus, and Cx. quinquefasciatus, in the range of 18.18-33.33%. The synergistic repellent activity of BCO and VO used in this study may support increased opportunities to develop safer alternatives to synthetic repellents for personal protection against mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirod Nararak
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Unchalee Sanguanpong
- Association of Thai Innovation and Invention Promotion, Prachatipat 12130, Thailand;
| | - Chutipong Sukkanon
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Sylvie Manguin
- HydroSciences Montpellier (HSM), University Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34090 Montpellier, France;
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Almeida AR, Oliveira ND, Pinheiro FASD, Morais WAD, Ferreira LDS. Challenges encountered by natural repellents: Since obtaining until the final product. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 195:105538. [PMID: 37666610 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases, particularly the arboviruses dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever caused by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, have been driving the use of repellents worldwide. The most representative synthetic repellent, DEET stands out as the market's oldest and most efficient repellent. It is considered a reference standard but presents considerable toxicity, not recommended for children up to 6 months old and pregnant women. For this reason, alternatives have been sought, and natural repellents derived mainly from essential oils have been studied, highlighting the essential oils of lemon (Corymbia citriodora), citronella (Cympobogon sp.), Andiroba (Carapa guianensis). However, the development and commercialization of products containing natural repellents are significantly lower when compared to DEET and other synthetic repellents. In order to understand the reasons, aspects related to safety, mechanism of action, efficacy as well development and complexity of the products were evaluated. It is concluded that, as for safety, there is lacking information in the literature regarding the effects on non-target organisms and robust toxicity data. The mechanism of action is based on theories, with less information on the exact mode of action, molecular targets, and interaction with the olfactory and taste receptors of insects. Despite being a current trend to search for actives from natural sources highly present in essential oils, however they reduced action time because due to rapid evaporation after application to the skin, thus requiring repellent vehicles. The development and complexity related to these products bring challenging aspects, beginning on the plant cultivation and extraction processes to produce essential oils with a more homogeneous chemical composition towards the formulation stabilization processes due to fast evaporation and short action time, with the use of pharmaceutical technology such as encapsulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison Ribeiro Almeida
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratório de Farmacotécnica, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Quality Control of Medicines (LCQMed), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Nicolas Dantas Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratório de Farmacotécnica, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Quality Control of Medicines (LCQMed), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Waldenice Alencar de Morais
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratório de Farmacotécnica, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Leandro De Santis Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Quality Control of Medicines (LCQMed), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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Coutinho-Abreu IV, Jamshidi O, Raban R, Atabakhsh K, Merriman JA, Fischbach MA, Akbari OS. Identification of human skin microbiome odorants that manipulate mosquito landing behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.19.553996. [PMID: 37662338 PMCID: PMC10473644 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.19.553996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The resident human skin microbiome is responsible for the production of most of the human scents that are attractive to mosquitoes. Hence, engineering the human skin microbiome to synthesize less of mosquito attractants or produce repellents could potentially reduce bites and prevent the transmission of deadly mosquito-borne pathogens. In order to further characterize the human skin volatilome, we quantified the major volatiles of 39 strains of skin commensals (Staphylococci and Corynebacterium). Importantly, to validate the behavioral activity of these volatiles, we first assessed landing behavior triggered by human skin bacteria volatiles. We demonstrated that this behavioral step is gated by the presence of carbon dioxide and L-(+)-lactic acid, similar to the combinatorial coding triggering short range attraction. Repellency behavior to selected skin volatiles and the geraniol terpene was tested in the presence of carbon dioxide and L-(+)-lactic acid. In a 2-choice landing behavior context, the skin volatiles 2- and 3-methyl butyric acids reduced mosquito landing by 62.0-81.6% and 87.1-99.6%, respectively. Similarly, geraniol was capable of reducing mosquito landing behavior by 74.9%. We also tested the potential repellency effects of geraniol on mosquitoes at short-range using a 4-port olfactometer. In these assays, geraniol reduced mosquito attraction (69-78%) to a mixture of key human kairomones carbon dioxide, L-(+)-lactic acid, and ammonia. These findings demonstrate that carbon dioxide and L-(+)-lactic acid changes the valence of other skin volatiles towards mosquito landing behavior. Moreover, this study offers candidate odorants to be targeted in a novel strategy to reduce attractants or produce repellents by the human skin microbiota that may curtail mosquito bites, and subsequent mosquito-borne disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliano V. Coutinho-Abreu
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Omid Jamshidi
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Robyn Raban
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Katayoon Atabakhsh
- Department of Bioengineering Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph A. Merriman
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Microbiome Therapies Initiative, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael A. Fischbach
- Department of Bioengineering Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Microbiome Therapies Initiative, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Omar S. Akbari
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Luo Q, Ai L, Tang S, Zhang H, Ma J, Xiao X, Zhong K, Tian G, Cheng B, Xiong C, Chen X, Lu H. Developmental and cardiac toxicity assessment of Ethyl 3-(N-butylacetamido) propanoate (EBAAP) in zebrafish embryos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106572. [PMID: 37307698 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl 3-(N-butylacetamido) propanoate (EBAAP) is one of the most widely used mosquito repellents worldwide, and is also commonly used to produce cosmetics. Residues have recently been detected in surface and groundwater in many countries, and their potential to harm the environment is unknown. Therefore, more studies are needed to fully assess the toxicity of EBAAP. This is the first investigation into the developmental toxicity and cardiotoxicity of EBAAP on zebrafish embryos. EBAAP was toxic to zebrafish, with a lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of 140 mg/L at 72 hours post fertilization (hpf). EBAAP exposure also reduced body length, slowed the yolk absorption rate, induced spinal curvature and pericardial edema, decreased heart rate, promoted linear lengthening of the heart, and diminished cardiac pumping ability. The expression of heart developmental-related genes (nkx2.5, myh6, tbx5a, vmhc, gata4, tbx2b) was dysregulated, intracellular oxidative stress increased significantly, the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly. The expression of apoptosis-related genes (bax/bcl2, p53, caspase9, caspase3) was significantly upregulated. In conclusion, EBAAP induced abnormal morphology and heart defects during the early stages of zebrafish embryo development by potentially inducing the generation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo and activating the oxidative stress response. These events dysregulate the expression of several genes and activate endogenous apoptosis pathways, eventually leading to developmental disorders and heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Luo
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liping Ai
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuqiong Tang
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinze Ma
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoping Xiao
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Solid Waste Recycling, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Keyuan Zhong
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Solid Waste Recycling, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guiyou Tian
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cong Xiong
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaobei Chen
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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12
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Bauer IL. The oral repellent - science fiction or common sense? Insects, vector-borne diseases, failing strategies, and a bold proposition. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2023; 9:7. [PMID: 37381000 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-023-00195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, unimaginable amounts of money have gone into research and development of vector control measures, repellents, treatment, and vaccines for vector borne diseases. Technological progress and scientific breakthroughs allowed for ever more sophisticated and futuristic strategies. Yet, each year, millions of people still die or suffer from potentially serious consequences of malaria or dengue to more recent infections, such as zika or chikungunya, or of debilitating consequences of neglected tropical diseases. This does not seem value for money. In addition, all current vector control strategies and personal protection methods have shortcomings, some serious, that are either destructive to non-target species or unsatisfactory in their effectiveness. On the other hand, the rapid decline in insect populations and their predators reflects decades-long aggressive and indiscriminate vector control. This major disruption of biodiversity has an impact on human life not anticipated by the well-meaning killing of invertebrates. The objective of this paper is to re-examine current control methods, their effectiveness, their impact on biodiversity, human and animal health, and to call for scientific courage in the pursuit of fresh ideas. This paper brings together topics that are usually presented in isolation, thereby missing important links that offer potential solutions to long-standing problems in global health. First, it serves as a reminder of the importance of insects to human life and discusses the few that play a role in transmitting disease. Next, it examines critically the many currently employed vector control strategies and personal protection methods. Finally, based on new insights into insect chemo-sensation and attractants, this perspective makes a case for revisiting a previously abandoned idea, the oral repellent, and its use via currently successful methods of mass-application. The call is out for focused research to provide a powerful tool for public health, tropical medicine, and travel medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmgard L Bauer
- College of Healthcare Sciences, Academy - Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
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13
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Deng W, Li M, Liu S, Logan JG, Mo J. Repellent Screening of Selected Plant Essential Oils Against Dengue Fever Mosquitoes Using Behavior Bioassays. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:521-529. [PMID: 36928838 PMCID: PMC10181966 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Among the efforts to reduce mosquito-transmitted diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever, essential oils (EOs) have become increasingly popular as natural replacements for the repellant DEET. In this study, seven commercially available plant EOs against Aedes species mosquitoes were evaluated for their complete protection time (CPT, min) in vivo using human-hand in cage tests (GB2009/China and WHO2009). Among the EOs with the highest efficacy in repelling mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) were clove bud oil and patchouli oil. Both were further assessed according to the in vivo method recommended by the WHO, to determine their minimum effective dose and CPT. A comparison of the ED50 values (dose yielding a 50% repellent response) of these two EOs against Aedes aegypti(L.) showed that the ED50 (2.496 µg/cm2) of patchouli oil was 1248 times higher than that of clove bud oil (0.002 µg/cm2), thus demonstrating them greater efficacy of the latter in repelling Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. For the 2 EOs, eugenol was the major component with higher than 80% in relative amount of the clove bud oil. The patchouli oil had more than 30% of character chemical patchouli alcohol along with α-bulnesene (10.962%), α-guaiene (9.227%), and seychellene (7.566%). Clove bud oil was found to confer longer complete protection than patchouli oil against a common species of mosquito. These results suggest use of EOs as safe, highly potent repellents for use in daily life and against mosquito-transmitted diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Deng
- State Key Lab of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Research Institute of Forest and Grass Protection, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, China
- Dept of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mi Li
- State Key Lab of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Research Institute of Forest and Grass Protection, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Sisi Liu
- State Key Lab of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Research Institute of Forest and Grass Protection, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - James G Logan
- Dept of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Arctech Innovation Ltd, the Cube, Dagenham, UK
| | - Jianchu Mo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, China.
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14
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Farooq M, Qualls WA, Bangonan L, Xue RD, Peper ST, Aryaprema VS, Benz K, Zhu JJ. Efficacy Evaluation of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids as Skin and Spatial Repellents Against Aedes aegypti (Diptera:Culicidae) Mosquitoes. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:333-338. [PMID: 36562151 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids derived from natural oils are considered as perspective products for adoption as repellents. Fatty acids derived from coconut oil have shown promise as repellents. This study consisted of an olfactometer evaluation of new formulations containing medium-chain fatty acids for spatial repellency and an in laboratory arm-in cage study for contact repellency against Aedes aegypti L. mosquitoes. Six formulations each of capric acid and lauric acid were evaluated for spatial repellency. These formulations contained 0.28-10% of either capric acid or lauric acid as the active ingredients in a consumer friendly skin care formulation. Base formula without fatty acids was evaluated as control in spatial repellency evaluation. For the arm-in cage evaluations, six formulations of capric acid, one base formulation, and a 7% N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) product were tested for contact repellency. For contact repellency, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) standard repellent test cages were used to determine the complete protection time (CPT) of the different formulated repellents. Among all capric acid formulations tested, the concentration of 2.25% (wt) indicated the best level of spatial repellency, but not significantly different from other concentrations. None of the lauric acid concentrations showed any level of spatial repellency. In the arm-in-cage evaluations, the highest contact repellency resulted from 4.5% capric acid, which was significantly higher than 7% DEET and base formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District, 120 EOC Drive, Saint Augustine, FL 32092, USA
| | - Whitney A Qualls
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District, 120 EOC Drive, Saint Augustine, FL 32092, USA
| | - Lea Bangonan
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District, 120 EOC Drive, Saint Augustine, FL 32092, USA
| | - Rui-De Xue
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District, 120 EOC Drive, Saint Augustine, FL 32092, USA
| | - Steven T Peper
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District, 120 EOC Drive, Saint Augustine, FL 32092, USA
| | - Vindhya S Aryaprema
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District, 120 EOC Drive, Saint Augustine, FL 32092, USA
| | - Kim Benz
- Onederings Lavender Farm, 2305 South Clarksville Road, Clarksville, OH 45113, USA
| | - Junwei J Zhu
- Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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15
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Panthawong A, Nararak J, Jhaiaun P, Sukkanon C, Chareonviriyaphap T. Synergistic Behavioral Response Effect of Mixtures of Andrographis paniculata, Cananga odorata, and Vetiveria zizanioides against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:155. [PMID: 36835724 PMCID: PMC9966496 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Each binary mixture formulation of Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash (VZ) with Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees (AP) or Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson (CO) and AP with CO at 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 ratios (v:v) was investigated for behavioral responses on laboratory and field strains of Aedes aegypti. Irritant and repellent activities of each formulation were compared with N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) using an excito-repellency test system. The result demonstrated that the mixture of VZ:AP in all combination ratios was the most effective in inducing an irritancy response against the laboratory strain (56.57-73.33%). The highest percentage of escaped mosquitoes exposed to the mixture at a 1:4 ratio (73.33%) was significantly different from DEET (26.67%) (p < 0.05). Against the field strain, the strongest escape response of AP:CO at a 1:1 ratio in the contact trial (70.18%) was significantly different compared with DEET (38.33%) (p < 0.05). There was a weak non-contact escape pattern in all combinations of VZ:CO against the laboratory strains (6.67-31.67%). These findings could lead to the further development of VZ and AP as active ingredients in a repellent that could advance to human use trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amonrat Panthawong
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Jirod Nararak
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pairpailin Jhaiaun
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chutipong Sukkanon
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Excellent Center for Dengue and Community Public Health (EC for DACH), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
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16
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de Freitas CAB, Costa CHS, da Costa KS, da Paz SPA, Silva JRA, Alves CN, Lameira J. Assessment of host-guest molecular encapsulation of eugenol using β-cyclodextrin. Front Chem 2023; 10:1061624. [PMID: 36700078 PMCID: PMC9868465 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1061624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Eugenol is a natural compound with well-known repellent activity. However, its pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications are limited, since this compound is highly volatile and thermolabile. Nanoencapsulation provides protection, stability, conservation, and controlled release for several compounds. Here, eugenol was included in β-cyclodextrin, and the complex was characterized through X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Additionally, we used molecular dynamics simulations to explore the eugenol-β-cyclodextrin complex stability with temperature increases. Our computational result demonstrates details of the molecular interactions and conformational changes of the eugenol-β-cyclodextrin complex and explains its stability between temperatures 27°C and 48°C, allowing its use in formulations that are subjected to varied temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Auad Beltrão de Freitas
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Clauber Henrique Souza Costa
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Kauê Santana da Costa
- Laboratório de Simulação Computacional, Instituto de Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Unidade Tapajós, Santarém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - José Rogério A. Silva
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Nahum Alves
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jerônimo Lameira
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil,*Correspondence: Jerônimo Lameira,
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17
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Sousa DL, Xavier EO, Cruz RCDD, Souza IAD, Oliveira RAD, Silva DCD, Gualberto SA, Freitas JSD. Chemical composition and repellent potential of essential oil from Croton tetradenius (Euphorbiaceae) leaves against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Costa AA, Gonzalez PV, Harburguer LV, Masuh HM. A rapid method for screening mosquito repellents on Anopheles pseudopunctipennis and Aedes aegypti. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2713-2723. [PMID: 35867157 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07600-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the main vectors for malaria in Latin America is Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (Theobald), whereas Aedes aegypti (L.) is the primary vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya viruses. The use of repellents is recommended as a personal protection method against these mosquitoes. However there are very few studies evaluating the effect of repellents on An. pseudopunctipennis. The use of a Petri dish to study repellence has been applied by several authors on flies, cockroaches, kissing bugs and mosquitoes, being a valuable technique for species that are difficult to breed under laboratory conditions, such as An. pseudopunctipennis. In the present study, we evaluated the repellence of the essential oil of the Eucalyptus nitens (Shining gum), its main component (1,8-cineole) and the commercial repellent DEET on An. pseudopunctipennis and Ae. aegypti adult females using the plaque repellency method coupled to EthoVision XT10.1 video-tracking software. Repellent effect and locomotor activity were studied through a repellence index (RI) together with an axis constructed from the behavioural variables obtained using the tracking software. DEET repellent effect was observed at 0.01 mg/mL for Ae. aegypti and 0.01 and 0.1 mg/mL for An. pseudopunctipennis. In addition, the essential oil showed significant repellence at 1 and 10 mg/mL for Ae. aegypti, and 1, 5, 10 and 25 mg/mL for An. pseudopunctipennis. Neither of these species were repelled at any concentration of 1,8-cineole. This is the first study that evaluates these compounds on An. pseudopunctipennis females and quantifies their effects on the activity of both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Alvarez Costa
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología de Insectos, Departamento de Biodiversidad Y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad Y Biología Experimental Y Aplicada (IBBEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas E Insecticidas (CONICET- CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, B1603ALO, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Paula V Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas E Insecticidas (CONICET- CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, B1603ALO, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura V Harburguer
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas E Insecticidas (CONICET- CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, B1603ALO, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hector M Masuh
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas E Insecticidas (CONICET- CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, B1603ALO, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Effectiveness of Herbal Essential Oils as Single and Combined Repellents against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles dirus and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070658. [PMID: 35886836 PMCID: PMC9322308 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito repellents reduce human-vector contact of vector-borne diseases. We compared the repellent activity of 10 undiluted essential oils (anise, basil, bergamot, coriander, patchouli, peppermint, petitgrain, rosemary, sage and vetiver) against A. aegypti, A. dirus and C. quinquefasciatus using the arm-in-cage method. Petitgrain oil was the most effective against A. aegypti (270 min). Peppermint oil was the most effective against A. dirus (180 min). Interestingly, all single oils had attributes of repellency against C. quinquefasciatus (ranged, 120−360 min). Moreover, we integrated their binary combinations of highly effective essential oils against A. aegypti and A. dirus to potentially increase the protection time. A 1:1 combination of petitgrain/basil, petitgrain/coriander, basil/coriander and basil/sage reduced the median complete-protection time of 150 min for A. aegypti; a combination of sage and patchouli oils prolonged the median complete-protection time of 270 min for A. dirus. Combining essential oils effect protection time from these two mosquito species.
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Ferreira HRP, Cabral RLB, Queiroga TBD, Guedes PMM, Lourenço de Assis AB, de Moura Barbosa T, do Nascimento JHO, Gama RA. The repellency effect of icaridin nanostructural solution applied on cotton knitting fabric against Lutzomyia longipalpis. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2673-2681. [PMID: 35821144 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of repellents is considered an alternative against biting insects, including Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae), the main vector of the protozoan Leishmania infantum, visceral leishmaniasis's (VL) etiologic agent in the Americas. This study aimed to evaluate the repellent efficacy of icaridin nanostructured solution applied on cotton knitting fabric against L. longipalpis. Arm-in-cage tests were performed in eight volunteers at different concentrations (5%, 10%, 25%, and 50%), using L. longipalpis (n = 30). The bioassay was performed in 1, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h after impregnation and one test after washing the fabrics with icaridin. The total repellency rate (%R) > 95% was used as a reference to define a minimum effective concentration (MEC). The results revealed that the insects' landing mean decreased significantly in different icaridin concentrations, compared with the control tests (p < 0.05) and the 25% and 50% concentrations compared to lower concentration (5%) (p < 0.05). The higher concentrations (25% and 50%) provided longer complete protection times (CPTs) with 120 and 144 h of protection, respectively and the %R of 100% for 72 and 96 h after impregnation, respectively. The 25% was the MEC (%R Total = 98.18%). Our results indicate, for the first time, that icaridin nanostructured solution applied on cotton knitting fabric proved to be an efficient repellent against L. longipalpis with the presence of repellent action even after washing. The concentration of 25% showed better efficiency and may become an efficient method for L. longipalpis biting control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Rafael Pontes Ferreira
- Parasitary Biology Post-Graduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Candelária, RN 59.072-970, Brazil.
| | - Rivaldo Leonn Bezerra Cabral
- IMNG - Innovation in Micro and Nanotechnologies Group, Center of Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte - UFRN, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Tamyres Bernadete Dantas Queiroga
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Candelária, RN 59.072-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcos Matta Guedes
- Parasitary Biology Post-Graduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Candelária, RN 59.072-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Lourenço de Assis
- Parasitary Biology Post-Graduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Candelária, RN 59.072-970, Brazil
| | - Taciano de Moura Barbosa
- Parasitary Biology Post-Graduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Candelária, RN 59.072-970, Brazil
| | - José Heriberto Oliveira do Nascimento
- IMNG - Innovation in Micro and Nanotechnologies Group, Center of Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte - UFRN, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Renata Antonaci Gama
- Parasitary Biology Post-Graduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Candelária, RN 59.072-970, Brazil
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In Search of Synergistic Insect Repellents: Modeling of Muscarinic GPCR Interactions with Classical and Bitopic Photoactive Ligands. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103280. [PMID: 35630759 PMCID: PMC9147842 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect vector-borne diseases pose serious health problems, so there is a high demand for efficient molecules that could reduce transmission. Using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we studied a series of compounds acting on human and insect muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), a novel target of synergistic agents in pest control. We characterized early conformational changes of human M1 and fruit fly type-A mAChR G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in response to DEET, IR3535, and muscarine binding based on the MD analysis of the activation microswitches known to form the signal transduction pathway in class A GPCRs. We indicated groups of microswitches that are the most affected by the presence of a ligand. Moreover, to increase selectivity towards insects, we proposed a new, bitopic, photoswitchable mAChR ligand—BQCA-azo-IR353 and studied its interactions with both receptors. Modeling data showed that using a bitopic ligand may be a promising strategy in the search for better insect control.
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Rogerio CB, Carvalho Abrantes D, de Oliveira JL, Ribeiro de Araújo D, Germano da Costa T, de Lima R, Fernandes Fraceto L. Cellulose Hydrogels Containing Geraniol and Icaridin Encapsulated in Zein Nanoparticles for Arbovirus Control. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1273-1283. [PMID: 35167254 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The most important arboviruses are those that cause dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika, for which the main vector is the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The use of repellents is an important way to combat mosquito-borne pathogens. In this work, a safe method of protection employing a repellent was developed based on a slow release system composed of zein nanoparticles containing the active agents icaridin and geraniol incorporated in a cellulose gel matrix. Analyses were performed to characterize the nanoparticles and the gel formulation. The nanoparticles containing the repellents presented a hydrodynamic diameter of 229 ± 9 nm, polydispersity index of 0.38 ± 0.10, and zeta potential of +29.4 ± 0.8 mV. The efficiencies of encapsulation in the zein nanoparticles exceeded 85% for icaridin and 98% for geraniol. Rheological characterization of the gels containing nanoparticles and repellents showed that the viscoelastic characteristic of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose gel was preserved. Release tests demonstrated that the use of nanoparticles in combination with the gel matrix led to improved performance of the formulations. Atomic force microscopy analyses enabled visualization of the gel network containing the nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity assays using 3T3 and HaCaT cell cultures showed low toxicity profiles for the active agents and the nanoparticles. The results demonstrated the potential of these repellent systems to provide prolonged protection while decreasing toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina B Rogerio
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenida Três de Março 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18087-180, Brazil
| | - Daniele Carvalho Abrantes
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenida Três de Março 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18087-180, Brazil
| | - Jhones L de Oliveira
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
| | | | - Tais Germano da Costa
- Laboratory of Bioactivity Assessment and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Renata de Lima
- Laboratory of Bioactivity Assessment and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenida Três de Março 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18087-180, Brazil
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Benelli G. Insecticide, Acaricide, Repellent and Antimicrobial Development. Molecules 2022; 27:386. [PMID: 35056701 PMCID: PMC8780506 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The quick spread of invasive arthropod species worldwide, sometimes boosted by global warming and urbanization [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Frątczak M, Petko B, Sliwowska JH, Szeptycki J, Tryjanowski P. Similar Trajectories in Current Alcohol Consumption and Tick-Borne Diseases: Only Parallel Changes in Time or Links Between? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:790938. [PMID: 34976865 PMCID: PMC8716731 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.790938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In a modern world, both tick-borne diseases and alcohol consumption are among major public health threats. In the present opinion article, we pose the question, whether these two health problems: alcohol consumption and tick-borne diseases prevalence can be related. We hypothesize that it is possible due to at least three factors: outdoor places chosen for alcohol consumption, behavioral changes induced by alcohol, and possible stronger attraction of human hosts after alcohol consumption to ticks. Many important clues are coming from social studies about people’s preference of places to consume alcohol and from studies regarding the attraction of people consuming alcohol to mosquitos. These data, however, cannot be directly transferred to the case of alcohol consumption and ticks. Therefore, we suggest that more detailed studies are needed to better understand the possible individual attractiveness of people to ticks and ways alcohol may influence it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Frątczak
- Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Branislav Petko
- Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.,The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Joanna H Sliwowska
- Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jan Szeptycki
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Efficacy and safety of repellents marketed in Brazil against bites from Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus: A systematic review. Travel Med Infect Dis 2021; 44:102179. [PMID: 34687870 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya viruses represent a serious public health problem. No evidence is available on the efficacy of repellents commercially available in Brazil. This systematic review assessed the efficacy and safety of products containing repellents commercially available in Brazil for protection against bites from Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. METHODS We performed a systematic review using the CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, AMED, LILACS and Scopus databases. Randomized clinical trials and non-randomized clinical trials comparing topical repellent products registered with the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency were included. Main outcomes of interest investigated were adverse effects, percentage repellency and protection time against bites. Pairs of reviewers selected the studies, extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias. RESULTS Sixteen studies were included. No adverse effects were reported by the studies. Against Ae. aegypti: protection time using DEET (10% and 20%-spray) was similar to IR3535 (10% and 20%-spray) and longer than citronella (5%-spray). DEET (25%-solution) had longer protection time than eucalyptus (25%-solution), while DEET (20%-lotion) had longer protection time than citronella (10%-lotion). There was no difference in protection time between herbal repellents. DEET (7% and 15%- spray) had higher percentage repellency compared to both icaridin (7%-spray) and IR3535 (20%-spray). Against Ae. albopictus: DEET (15%-spray) had a similar protection time to icaridin (20%-spray), but longer than citronella (10%-spray). CONCLUSION DEET proved more effective than the other synthetic and natural repellents marketed in Brazil for protecting against bites from the mosquito species investigated. All repellents studied exhibited satisfactory safety profile.
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Tisgratog R, Sukkanon C, Sugiharto VA, Bangs MJ, Chareonviriyaphap T. Time of Test Periods Influence the Behavioral Responses of Anopheles minimus and Anopheles dirus (Diptera: Culicidae) to DEET. INSECTS 2021; 12:867. [PMID: 34680636 PMCID: PMC8540783 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Information on factors influencing the behavioral responses of mosquitoes to repellents is lacking and poorly understood, especially in the Anopheles species, night-biting mosquitoes. Our goal was to investigate the impact of different time periods on circadian activity and behavioral responses of two malaria vectors, Anopheles minimus and An. dirus, to 5% DEET using an excito-repellency test system. Each mosquito species was exposed to the repellent during the daytime (06.00-18.00) and nighttime (18.00-06.00), and time of observation was further divided into four 3-h intervals. Significant escape responses were observed between daytime and nighttime for An. minimus in both noncontact and contact tests. An. dirus showed statistical differences in contact irritancy escape response, whereas no significant difference was found in noncontact repellency tests. Both mosquito species showed more significantly higher escape responses when exposed to DEET during the afternoon and late in the night. This finding indicates that the time of testing may affect the behavioral responses of mosquitoes to repellents, especially in An. minimus and An. dirus. A better understanding of nocturnally active mosquito behavioral responses spanning from dusk to dawn would assist in optimizing product development, screening, and effective evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungarun Tisgratog
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Chutipong Sukkanon
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala 80160, Thailand;
| | - Victor Arief Sugiharto
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA;
| | - Michael J. Bangs
- Public Health & Malaria Control Department, PT. Freeport Indonesia, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Mimika Regency 99920, Indonesia;
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Borrego LG, Ramarosandratana N, Jeanneau E, Métay E, Ramanandraibe VV, Andrianjafy MT, Lemaire M. Effect of the Stereoselectivity of para-Menthane-3,8-diol Isomers on Repulsion toward Aedes albopictus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11095-11109. [PMID: 34514794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases cause around 700,000 deaths every year. Insect repellents are one of the strategies to limit them. Para-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD), a natural compound, is one of the most promising alternatives to conventional synthetic repellents. This work describes a diastereodivergent method to synthesize each diastereoisomer of PMD from enantiopure citronellal and studies their repellence activity against Aedes albopictus. We found that cis-PMD is the kinetic control product of the cyclization of citronellal, while trans-PMD is the thermodynamic control product. X-ray diffraction analysis of crystals highlighted some differences in hydrogen-bond patterns between cis or trans isomers. The present paper demonstrates that (1R)-(+)-cis-PMD has the highest repellency index using a new evaluation system for 24 h. (1S)-(-)-cis-PMD has somewhat lower and (1S)-(+)-trans-PMD and (1R)-(-)-trans-PMD have a slight effect. Volunteer tests show that (1R)-(+)-cis-PMD is the most efficient. This effect could be ascribed to the interaction of PMD/insect odorant receptors and their physical properties, that is, the evaporation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo G Borrego
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/CNRS. Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, (ICBMS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Centre de Diffactrométrie Henri Longchambon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Estelle Métay
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/CNRS. Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, (ICBMS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | - Marc Lemaire
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/CNRS. Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, (ICBMS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire International Associé, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
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Rhamnolipids and essential oils in the control of mosquito-borne tropical diseases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7505-7515. [PMID: 34524470 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11541-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The diseases transmitted by mosquito vectors are a great public health issue. Thus, effective vector control becomes the main strategy to reduce their prevalence. However, insecticide resistance has become a huge concern for the mitigation of mosquitoes; here, we propose the use of rhamnolipids in emulsion with clove oil against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The toxicity of rhamnolipids and clove oil to two species of mosquitoes transmitting tropical diseases was investigated. After 24 h, the LC50 was 140 mg/L when rhamnolipids were used and 154 mg/L when clove oil was used against Aedes aegypti larvae. In the case of Culex quinquefasciatus, the LC50 was 130 mg/L for rhamnolipids and 19 mg/L for clove oil. When the concentrations of the upper limits of one of the solutions (rhamnolipid or clove oil) were mixed, 100% mortality was obtained after 24 h. The bioassay of insecticidal action for solutions of rhamnolipids and clove oil in the lower limit, upper limit, and lethal concentration 50 to determine the effect on 50% of the population (KD50) achieved low results from KD50 to the upper limit compared to the other concentrations for both Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The rhamnolipids and clove oil at the upper limit concentration had the greatest repellent activity against the two mosquito species. Bioassays using different concentrations of rhamnolipids revealed variations in the morphology of the intestinal epithelium (800 mg/L). A concentration of 900 mg/L led to the most severe morphological changes in the organization of the epithelium and the cells lining the intestines of these larvae. When larvae were exposed to a concentration of 1000 mg/L, the marginalization of chromatin in the nucleus of epithelial cells was very severe, indicating the onset of cell death.Key points• The toxicity of rhamnolipids and clove oil has a larvicidal, insecticidal, and repellent effect.• The combination of concentrations of these compounds enhances their action.• Different concentrations of rhamnolipids led to severe morphological changes in the organization of the epithelium and the cells and the intestines of larvae.
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Du F, Yener HE, Hillrichs G, Boldt R, Androsch R. Crystallization-Induced Polymer Scaffold Formation in the Polymer/Drug Delivery System Poly(l-lactic acid)/Ethyl Butylacetylaminopropionate (PLLA/IR3535). Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3950-3959. [PMID: 34428015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymer/mosquito-repellent scaffolds exhibit increasing importance in long-lasting human skin protection to be used as wearable devices and allowing for controlled release of repellents. In this study, ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (IR3535) was used as a human and environmental friendly active mosquito-repellent serving as a solvent to form functional poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds by crystallization-based solid-liquid thermally induced phase separation. Crystallization of PLLA in the presence of IR3535 is faster than melt-crystallization of neat PLLA, and in the investigated concentration range from 5 to 50 mass % PLLA, its maximum crystallization rate increases with the PLLA content, by both, increases of the maximum crystal growth rate and of the nuclei density. By adjusting the polymer concentration and the crystallization temperature, microporous scaffolds of different fine structures are obtained, hosting the mosquito-repellent in intra- and interspherulitic pores for its intended later evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Du
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Hande Ece Yener
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Georg Hillrichs
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, D-06217 Merseburg, Germany
| | - Regine Boldt
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung e. V. Dresden (IPF), Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
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Rothe C, Rosenbusch D, Alberer M, Bühler S, Burchard G, Erkens K, Feldt T, Grobusch MP, Köhler C, Kapaun A, Löbermann M, Meischner K, Metzger W, Müller A, Nothdurft HD, Ramharter M, Rieke B, Schlaich C, Schönfeld C, Schulze MH, Siedenburg J, Steiner F, Veit O, Weitzel T, Boecken G. Empfehlungen zur Malariaprophylaxe. FLUGMEDIZIN · TROPENMEDIZIN · REISEMEDIZIN - FTR 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1520-3764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Rothe
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Abt. für Infektions- und Tropenmedizin, Klinikum der LMU München
| | - Deike Rosenbusch
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Auswärtiges Amt – Gesundheitsdienst, Berlin
| | - Martin Alberer
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Praxis Dr. Frühwein und Partner, München
| | - Silja Bühler
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Infektionsepidemiologisches Landeszentrum und Impfzentrum, Institut für Hygiene und Umwelt der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg
| | - Gerd Burchard
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, Hamburg
| | - Kai Erkens
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Kommando Sanitätsdienst der Bundeswehr, Dez. VI 2.2, München
| | - Torsten Feldt
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Tropenmedizinische Ambulanz, Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf
| | - Martin P Grobusch
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine Division of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam
- Innere Medizin VII, Institut für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin, Humanparasitologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - Carsten Köhler
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Innere Medizin VII, Institut für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin, Humanparasitologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - Annette Kapaun
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Zentrum für Infektiologie, Sektion klinische Tropenmedizin
| | - Micha Löbermann
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Zentrum für Infektiologie, Sektion klinische Tropenmedizin
| | - Karin Meischner
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Environmental Protection, Health Management and Safety, Health Management, Siemens AG
| | - Wolfram Metzger
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Impfzentrum, Landratsamt Tübingen
| | - Andreas Müller
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Tropenmedizin Missioklinik, Klinikum Würzburg Mitte gGmbH
| | - Hans Dieter Nothdurft
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
| | - Michael Ramharter
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, Hamburg
- Sektion Tropenmedizin, I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Burkhard Rieke
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Deutsche Fachgesellschaft für Reisemedizin (DFR)
- Tropen- und Reisemedizinische Praxis, Düsseldorf
| | - Clara Schlaich
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Maritime Medizin (DGMM)
- Hafenpraxis Hamburg Dr. Schlaich & Dr. Beyer
| | - Christian Schönfeld
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Tropenmedizin und Internationale Gesundheit
| | - Marco H Schulze
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Institut für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
| | - Jörg Siedenburg
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Auswärtiges Amt – Gesundheitsdienst, Regionalarztdienststelle Nairobi, Kenia
| | - Florian Steiner
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Praxis für Innere Medizin und Tropenmedizin, Hausärztliche Versorgung, Tarmstedt
| | - Olivia Veit
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Schweizerisches Tropen- und Public Health-Institut, Basel, Schweiz
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Biostatistik und Prävention, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Thomas Weitzel
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Travel Medicine Program, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerhard Boecken
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG)
- Auswärtiges Amt – Gesundheitsdienst, Regionalarztdienststelle Buenos Aires, Argentinien
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Thongsripong P, Hyman JM, Kapan DD, Bennett SN. Human-Mosquito Contact: A Missing Link in Our Understanding of Mosquito-Borne Disease Transmission Dynamics. ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 114:397-414. [PMID: 34249219 PMCID: PMC8266639 DOI: 10.1093/aesa/saab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite the critical role that contact between hosts and vectors, through vector bites, plays in driving vector-borne disease (VBD) transmission, transmission risk is primarily studied through the lens of vector density and overlooks host-vector contact dynamics. This review article synthesizes current knowledge of host-vector contact with an emphasis on mosquito bites. It provides a framework including biological and mathematical definitions of host-mosquito contact rate, blood-feeding rate, and per capita biting rates. We describe how contact rates vary and how this variation is influenced by mosquito and vertebrate factors. Our framework challenges a classic assumption that mosquitoes bite at a fixed rate determined by the duration of their gonotrophic cycle. We explore alternative ecological assumptions based on the functional response, blood index, forage ratio, and ideal free distribution within a mechanistic host-vector contact model. We highlight that host-vector contact is a critical parameter that integrates many factors driving disease transmission. A renewed focus on contact dynamics between hosts and vectors will contribute new insights into the mechanisms behind VBD spread and emergence that are sorely lacking. Given the framework for including contact rates as an explicit component of mathematical models of VBD, as well as different methods to study contact rates empirically to move the field forward, researchers should explicitly test contact rate models with empirical studies. Such integrative studies promise to enhance understanding of extrinsic and intrinsic factors affecting host-vector contact rates and thus are critical to understand both the mechanisms driving VBD emergence and guiding their prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpim Thongsripong
- Department of Microbiology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - James M Hyman
- Department of Mathematics, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Durrell D Kapan
- Department of Entomology and Center for Comparative Genomics, Institute of Biodiversity Sciences and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
- Center for Conservation and Research Training, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, 3050 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822
| | - Shannon N Bennett
- Department of Microbiology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
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Are Orienteers Protected Enough against Tick Bites? Estimating Human Exposure to Tick Bites through a Participative Science Survey during an Orienteering Competition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063161. [PMID: 33803910 PMCID: PMC8003242 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mass-participation events in temperate forests are now well-established features of outdoor activities and represent high-risk activities regarding human exposition to tick bites. In this study we used a citizen science approach to quantify the space-time frequency of tick bites and undetected tick bites among orienteers that participated in a 6-day orienteering competition that took place in July 2018 in the forests of Eastern France, and we looked at the use and efficacy of different preventive behaviors. Our study confirms that orienteers are a high-risk population for tick bites, with 62.4% of orienteers bitten at least once during the competition, and 2.4 to 12.1 orienteers per 100 orienteers were bitten by ticks when walking 1 km. In addition, 16.7% of orienteers bitten by ticks had engorged ticks, meaning that they did not detect and remove their ticks immediately after the run. Further, only 8.5% of orienteers systematically used a repellent, and the use of repellent only partially reduced the probability of being bitten by ticks. These results represent the first attempt to quantify the risk of not immediately detecting a tick bite and provide rare quantitative data on the frequency of tick bites for orienteers according to walking distance and time spent in the forest. The results also provide information on the use of repellent, which will be very helpful for modeling risk assessment. The study also shows that prevention should be increased for orienteers in France.
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Qualls WA, Xue RD, Farooq M, Peper ST, Aryaprema V, Blore K, Weaver R, Autry D, Talbalaghi A, Kenar J, Cermak SC, Zhu JJ. Evaluation of Lotions of Botanical-Based Repellents Against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:979-982. [PMID: 33146398 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen botanical product repellent compounds such as 2-undecanone, capric, lauric, coconut fatty acids (and their methyl ester derivatives), and catnip oil were formulated in either Coppertone or Aroma Land lotions and evaluated against laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes. These formulations contained 7-15 wt/wt of the botanical repellent as the major active ingredient either pure or as mixtures. USDA standard repellent test cages were used to determine the complete protection time (CPT) of the different formulated repellents. Two of the evaluated formulations, a 7% capric acid in Coppertone (CPT 2.7 ± 0.6 h) and 7% coconut fatty acids containing carrylic acid, capric acid, and lauric acid in Coppertone (CPT 2.3 ± 2.0 h), provided strong repellency against mosquitoes up to 3 h, which was equivalent to the (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) DEET control (CPT 2.7 ± 0.6 h). This work suggests future potential for these botanical product-based repellents as alternatives to commercial DEET-containing products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui-De Xue
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District, St. Augustine, FL
| | | | | | | | - Kai Blore
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District, St. Augustine, FL
| | | | - Dena Autry
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District, St. Augustine, FL
| | - Asghar Talbalaghi
- Italian Mosquito Control Association (IMCA), San Lazzaro di Savena (BO), Italy
| | - James Kenar
- US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Resaerch Service, National Center for Agriculture Utilization Research, Functional Foods Research Unit, Peoria, IL
| | - Steven C Cermak
- US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Resaerch Service, National Center for Agriculture Utilization Research, Bio-Oils Research Unit, Peoria, IL
| | - Junwei J Zhu
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricutlure Research Service, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
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Silva DIO, Vilar WTS, Pontes MJC. Chemometric-assisted UV spectrophotometric method for determination of N, N- diethyl-3-methylbenzamide in insect repellents. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 241:118660. [PMID: 32653822 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years outbreaks of vector-borne diseases have caused great concern to the population, especially those diseases transmitted by mosquitoes. Repellents appear as an affordable alternative for prevention, making it increasingly important to control the quality of these products, since the content of the active ingredients are directly related to the efficiency and the protection time provided by the repellent. This paper proposes an analytical method for determining the DEET (N, N- Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) content in insect repellents in lotion using UV spectroscopy. For this propose five different strategies of regression were evaluated: (a) Partial Least Squares (PLS) using full-spectrum; (b) interval PLS (iPLS); Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) with variable selection by the (c) Genetic Algorithm (MLR/GA), (d) Successive Projections Algorithm (MLR/SPA) and the (e) Stepwise (MLR/SW). Appropriate predictions were obtained with RMSEP values between 0.88 and 0.93%w w-1. No systematic error was observed and no significant differences were found between the predicted and reference values, according to a paired t-test at 95% confidence level. The results demonstrated the potential of UV spectroscopy associated to multivariate calibration to determine DEET content in repellents as a fast, simple strategy and with a suitable correlation between the values estimated by the model and the reference values.
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Koloski CW, Duncan CAM, Rutherford PL, Cassone BJ. Natural insensitivity and the effects of concentration on the repellency and survival of American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) by DEET. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 82:379-395. [PMID: 33009647 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is by far the most used repellent worldwide. When applied topically to the skin, the active ingredient has been shown to provide protection from a variety of hematophagous insects, including mosquitoes and flies. DEET's effectiveness against ticks is influenced by a variety of factors (e.g., duration and concentration of application, drying time, route of exposure, tick species and developmental stage), and may differ from insects due to their unique chemosensory system that primarily involves the Haller's organ. We therefore used several approaches to investigate DEET's efficacy to repel Dermacentor variabilis at different concentrations (5, 30 or 75%), as well as explore its toxicological properties and natural variability in DEET insensitivity across populations from Manitoba, Canada. Climbing bioassays indicated that higher concentrations of DEET were more effective at repelling D. variabilis, and that ticks from some sampling localities were more sensitive to lower concentrations than others. Petri dish arena assays revealed ticks exposed to high concentrations of the repellent lose their ability to discriminate lower concentrations, perhaps due to overstimulation or habituation. Finally, our tactile assays demonstrated reduced tick survival after contact with high DEET concentrations, with mortality occurring more rapidly with increased concentration. Dermacentor variabilis from these tactile assays displayed a multitude of physiological and neurological symptoms, such as 'hot foot' and various bodily secretions. Overall, our study shows a strong association between repellency, concentration and the acaricidal effects of DEET on D. variabilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody W Koloski
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, R78 6A9, Canada
| | - Carlyn A M Duncan
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, R78 6A9, Canada
| | | | - Bryan J Cassone
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, R78 6A9, Canada.
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Rothe C, Rosenbusch D, Alberer M, Bühler S, Burchard G, Erkens K, Feldt T, Grobusch MP, Köhler C, Kapaun A, Löbermann M, Meischner K, Metzger W, Müller A, Nothdurft HD, Rieke B, Schlaich C, Schönfeld C, Schulze MH, Siedenburg J, Steiner F, Veit O, Weitzel T, Boecken G. Empfehlungen zur Malariaprophylaxe. FLUGMEDIZIN TROPENMEDIZIN REISEMEDIZIN 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1204-1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Rothe
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Abt. für Infektions- und Tropenmedizin, Klinikum der LMU München
| | - Deike Rosenbusch
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Auswärtiges Amt – Gesundheitsdienst, Berlin
| | - Martin Alberer
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Abt. für Infektions- und Tropenmedizin, Klinikum der LMU München
| | - Silja Bühler
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, Hamburg
- Institut für Hygiene und Umwelt, Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg
| | - Gerd Burchard
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, Hamburg
- Institut für Hygiene und Umwelt, Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg
- Ständige Impfkommission am Robert Koch-Institut (STIKO)
| | - Kai Erkens
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Kommando Sanitätsdienst der Bundeswehr, Dez. VI 2.2, München
| | - Torsten Feldt
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Tropenmedizinische Ambulanz, Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinik Düsseldorf
| | - Martin P. Grobusch
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam
| | - Carsten Köhler
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Innere Medizin VII, Institut für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin, Humanparasitologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - Anette Kapaun
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Universitätsklinkum Heidelberg, Sektion klinische Tropenmedizin
| | - Micha Löbermann
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Abt. für Tropenmedizin und Infektionskrankheiten, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - Karin Meischner
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Environmental Protection, Health Management and Safety, Health Management, Siemens AG
| | - Wolfram Metzger
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Innere Medizin VII, Institut für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin, Humanparasitologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - Andreas Müller
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Tropenmedizin Missioklinik, Klinikum Würzburg Mitte gGmbH
| | - Hans Dieter Nothdurft
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Abt. für Infektions- und Tropenmedizin, Klinikum der LMU München
| | - Burkhard Rieke
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Deutsche Fachgesellschaft für Reisemedizin (DFR)
- Tropen- und Reisemedizinische Praxis, Düsseldorf
| | - Clara Schlaich
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Maritime Medizin (DGMM)
- Praxis HafenCity Hamburg Dr. Schlaich & Partner
| | - Christian Schönfeld
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Tropenmedizin und Internationale Gesundheit
| | - Marco H. Schulze
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Institut für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
| | - Jörg Siedenburg
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Auswärtiges Amt – Gesundheitsdienst, Berlin
| | - Florian Steiner
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Praxis für Innere Medizin und Tropenmedizin, Tarmstedt
| | - Olivia Veit
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Schweizerisches Tropen- und Public Health-Institut, Basel, Schweiz
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Biostatistik und Prävention, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Thomas Weitzel
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Travel Medicine Program, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerhard Boecken
- Ständiger Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Globale Gesundheit (DTG)
- Auswärtiges Amt – Gesundheitsdienst, Berlin
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Design, development and assessment of an essential oil based slow release vaporizer against mosquitoes. Acta Trop 2020; 210:105573. [PMID: 32505595 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes (Diptera; Culicidae) are a biting nuisance and are of economic and health importance, especially for people living in tropical countries like India. Given the environmental concerns and health hazards of synthetic insecticides, development of natural products for the control of mosquito and mosquito-borne diseases are needed. In view of this, an essential oil based novel liquid vaporizer formulation with citronella and eucalyptus oils has been developed using a computer aided Artificial Neural Network and Particle Swarm Optimization (ANN-PSO) algorithm approach, aiming to predict the best optimized formulation (OF). Following the development, OF was characterized by Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The efficacy of the OF was assessed against two major mosquito vectors viz. Anopheles stephensi and Aedes albopictus using a Peet-Grady chamber. Finally, toxicological impacts of the OF following its inhalation were investigated as per the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The results revealed all the ideal characteristics of the OF which were found to provide a slow release of up to 450 h at room temperature. Most importantly, the OF, exhibited 50% mosquito knock down (KT50) within 11.49±1.34 and 14.15±2.15 min against An. stephensi and Ae. albopictus respectively. Toxicity assessment showed a non toxic nature of the OF following inhalation. Thus the present development would be beneficial for controlling both An. stephensi and Ae. albopictus without any associated health hazards.
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Harrington LC, Foy BD, Bangs MJ. Considerations for Human Blood-Feeding and Arthropod Exposure in Vector Biology Research: An Essential Tool for Investigations and Disease Control. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:807-816. [PMID: 32905735 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eventually there may be a broadly acceptable, even perfected, substitute for the human host requirement for direct feeding experiments by arthropods, most notably mosquitoes. However, for now, direct and indirect feeding on human volunteers is an important, if not essential, tool in vector biology research (VBR). This article builds on the foundational publication by Achee et al. (2015) covering considerations for the use of human participants in VBR pursuits. The authors introduced methods involving human participation in VBR, while detailing human-landing collections (catches) as a prime example. Benedict et al. (2018) continued this theme with an overview of human participation and considerations for research that involves release of mosquito vectors into the environment. In this study, we discuss another important aspect of human use in VBR activities: considerations addressing studies that require an arthropod to feed on a live human host. Using mosquito studies as our principal example, in this study, we discuss the tremendous importance and value of this approach to support and allow study of a wide variety of factors and interactions related to our understanding of vector-borne diseases and their control. This includes establishment of laboratory colonies for test populations, characterization of essential nutrients that contribute to mosquito fitness, characterization of blood-feeding (biting) behavior and pathogen transmission, parameterization for modeling transmission dynamics, evaluation of human host attraction and/or agents that repel, and the effectiveness of antivector or parasite therapeutic drug studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian D Foy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory Fort Collins, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael J Bangs
- Public Health & Malaria Control, PT Freeport Indonesia/International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Indonesia.,Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Duarte JL, Taira TC, Di Filippo LD, Fonseca-Santos B, Pinto MC, Chorilli M. Novel bioadhesive polycarbophil-based liquid crystal systems containing Melaleuca alternifolia oil as potential repellents against Aedes aegypti. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Sandrock C, Aziz SR. Travel/Tropical Medicine and Pandemic Considerations for the Global Surgeon. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2020; 32:407-425. [PMID: 32473858 PMCID: PMC7205681 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
International travel goes hand in hand with medical delivery to underserved communities. The global health care worker can be exposed to a wide range of infectious diseases during their global experiences. A pretravel risk assessment visit and all appropriate vaccinations and education must be performed. Universal practices of water safety, food safety, and insect avoidance will prevent most travel-related infections and complications. Region-specific vaccinations will further reduce illness risk. An understanding of common travel-related illness signs and symptoms is helpful. Emerging pathogens that can cause a pandemic should be understood to avoid health care worker infection and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sandrock
- UC Davis School of Medicine, 4150 V street, Suite 3400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Shahid R Aziz
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, 110 Bergen Street, Room B854, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Agius PA, Cutts JC, Han Oo W, Thi A, O'Flaherty K, Zayar Aung K, Kyaw Thu H, Poe Aung P, Mon Thein M, Nyi Zaw N, Yan Min Htay W, Paing Soe A, Razook Z, Barry AE, Htike W, Devine A, Simpson JA, Crabb BS, Beeson JG, Pasricha N, Fowkes FJI. Evaluation of the effectiveness of topical repellent distributed by village health volunteer networks against Plasmodium spp. infection in Myanmar: A stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003177. [PMID: 32817632 PMCID: PMC7444540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization has yet to endorse deployment of topical repellents for malaria prevention as part of public health campaigns. We aimed to quantify the effectiveness of repellent distributed by the village health volunteer (VHV) network in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) in reducing malaria in order to advance regional malaria elimination. METHODS AND FINDINGS Between April 2015 and June 2016, a 15-month stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial was conducted in 116 villages in Myanmar (stepped monthly in blocks) to test the effectiveness of 12% N,N-diethylbenzamide w/w cream distributed by VHVs, on Plasmodium spp. infection. The median age of participants was 18 years, approximately half were female, and the majority were either village residents (46%) or forest dwellers (40%). No adverse events were reported during the study. Generalised linear mixed modelling estimated the effect of repellent on infection detected by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) (primary outcome) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (secondary outcome). Overall Plasmodium infection detected by RDT was low (0.16%; 50/32,194), but infection detected by PCR was higher (3%; 419/13,157). There was no significant protection against RDT-detectable infection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.25, 95% CI 0.004-15.2, p = 0.512). In Plasmodium-species-specific analyses, repellent protected against PCR-detectable P. falciparum (adjusted relative risk ratio [ARRR] = 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.95, p = 0.026), but not P. vivax infection (ARRR = 1.41, 95% CI 0.80-2.47, p = 0.233). Repellent effects were similar when delayed effects were modelled, across risk groups, and regardless of village-level and temporal heterogeneity in malaria prevalence. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was US$256 per PCR-detectable infection averted. Study limitations were a lower than expected Plasmodium spp. infection rate and potential geographic dilution of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed apparent protection against new infections associated with the large-scale distribution of repellent by VHVs. Incorporation of repellent into national strategies, particularly in areas where bed nets are less effective, may contribute to the interruption of malaria transmission. Further studies are warranted across different transmission settings and populations, from the GMS and beyond, to inform WHO public health policy on the deployment of topical repellents for malaria prevention. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12616001434482).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Agius
- Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia, and Yangon, Myanmar.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julia C Cutts
- Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia, and Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Win Han Oo
- Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia, and Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Aung Thi
- Department of Public Health, Myanmar Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Katherine O'Flaherty
- Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia, and Yangon, Myanmar.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Htin Kyaw Thu
- Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia, and Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Poe Poe Aung
- Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia, and Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Myat Mon Thein
- Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia, and Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Nyi Nyi Zaw
- Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia, and Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | - Aung Paing Soe
- Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia, and Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Zahra Razook
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alyssa E Barry
- Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia, and Yangon, Myanmar.,Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Global Health Division, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Win Htike
- Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia, and Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Angela Devine
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Julie A Simpson
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - James G Beeson
- Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia, and Yangon, Myanmar.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Freya J I Fowkes
- Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia, and Yangon, Myanmar.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Tambwe MM, Moore SJ, Chilumba H, Swai JK, Moore JD, Stica C, Saddler A. Semi-field evaluation of freestanding transfluthrin passive emanators and the BG sentinel trap as a "push-pull control strategy" against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:392. [PMID: 32736580 PMCID: PMC7395400 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spatial repellents that drive mosquitoes away from treated areas, and odour-baited traps, that attract and kill mosquitoes, can be combined and work synergistically in a push-pull system. Push-pull systems have been shown to reduce house entry and outdoor biting rates of malaria vectors and so have the potential to control other outdoor biting mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti that transmit arboviral diseases. In this study, semi-field experiments were conducted to evaluate whether a push-pull system could be used to reduce bites from Aedes mosquitoes. Methods The push and pull under investigation consisted of two freestanding transfluthrin passive emanators (FTPE) and a BG sentinel trap (BGS) respectively. The FTPE contained hessian strips treated with 5.25 g of transfluthrin active ingredient. The efficacies of FTPE and BGS alone and in combination were evaluated by human landing catch in a large semi-field system in Tanzania. We also investigated the protection of FTPE over six months. The data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with binomial distribution. Results Two FTPE had a protective efficacy (PE) of 61.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 52.2–69.9%) against the human landing of Ae. aegypti. The BGS did not significantly reduce mosquito landings; the PE was 2.1% (95% CI: −2.9–7.2%). The push-pull provided a PE of 64.5% (95% CI: 59.1–69.9%). However, there was no significant difference in the PE between the push-pull and the two FTPE against Ae. aegypti (P = 0.30). The FTPE offered significant protection against Ae. aegypti at month three, with a PE of 46.4% (95% CI: 41.1–51.8%), but not at six months with a PE of 2.2% (95% CI: −9.0–14.0%). Conclusions The PE of the FTPE and the full push-pull are similar, indicative that bite prevention is primarily due to the activity of the FTPE. While these results are encouraging for the FTPE, further work is needed for a push-pull system to be recommended for Ae. aegypti control. The three-month protection against Ae. aegypti bites suggests that FTPE would be a useful additional control tool during dengue outbreaks, that does not require regular user compliance.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mgeni M Tambwe
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania. .,Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Sarah J Moore
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.,Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Chilumba
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Johnson K Swai
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Jason D Moore
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.,Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caleb Stica
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Adam Saddler
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.,Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland
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43
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Cook D. A Historical Review of Management Options Used against the Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae). INSECTS 2020; 11:E313. [PMID: 32429109 PMCID: PMC7290918 DOI: 10.3390/insects11050313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), remains a significant economic pest globally in situations where intensive animal production or horticultural production provide a suitable developmental medium. Stable flies have been recorded as pests of livestock and humans since the late 1800s to early 1900s. Over 100 years of research has seen numerous methodologies used to control this fly, in particular to protect cattle from flies to minimise production losses. Reduced milk production in dairy cows and decreased weight gain in beef cattle account for losses in the US alone of > $2000 million annually. Rural lifestyles and recreation are also seriously affected. Progress has been made on many control strategies against stable fly over a range of chemical, biological, physical and cultural options. This paper reviews management options from both a historical and a technical perspective for controlling this pest. These include the use of different classes of insecticides applied to affected animals as toxicants or repellents (livestock and humans), as well as to substrates where stable fly larvae develop. Arthropod predators of stable flies are listed, from which potential biological control agents (e.g., wasps, mites, and beetles) are identified. Biopesticides (e.g., fungi, bacteria and plant-derived products) are also discussed along with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) against stable flies for several animal industries. A review of cultural and physical management options including trapping, trap types and methodologies, farm hygiene, scheduled sanitation, physical barriers to fly emergence, livestock protection and amendments added to animal manures and bedding are covered. This paper presents a comprehensive review of all management options used against stable flies from both a historical and a technical perspective for use by any entomologist, livestock producer or horticulturalist with an interest in reducing the negative impact of this pest fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cook
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
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44
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Moreau E, Mikulska-Ruminska K, Goulu M, Perrier S, Deshayes C, Stankiewicz M, Apaire-Marchais V, Nowak W, Lapied B. Orthosteric muscarinic receptor activation by the insect repellent IR3535 opens new prospects in insecticide-based vector control. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6842. [PMID: 32321987 PMCID: PMC7176678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The insect repellent IR3535 is one of the important alternative in the fight against mosquito-borne disease such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we propose the development of an innovative insecticide-based vector control strategy using an unexplored property of IR3535. We have demonstrated that in insect neurosecretory cells, very low concentration of IR3535 induces intracellular calcium rise through cellular mechanisms involving orthosteric/allosteric sites of the M1-muscarinic receptor subtype, G protein βγ subunits, background potassium channel inhibition generating depolarization, which induces voltage-gated calcium channel activation. The resulting internal calcium concentration elevation increases nicotinic receptor sensitivity to the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid. The synergistic interaction between IR3535 and thiacloprid contributes to significantly increase the efficacy of the treatment while reducing concentrations. In this context, IR3535, used as a synergistic agent, seems to promise a new approach in the optimization of the integrated vector management for vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Moreau
- Laboratoire Signalisation Fonctionnelle des Canaux Ioniques et des Récepteurs (SiFCIR), UPRES EA 2647, USC INRA 1330, SFR QUASAV 4207, UFR Sciences, Université d'Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, cedex, France
| | - Karolina Mikulska-Ruminska
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, N. Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Mathilde Goulu
- Laboratoire Signalisation Fonctionnelle des Canaux Ioniques et des Récepteurs (SiFCIR), UPRES EA 2647, USC INRA 1330, SFR QUASAV 4207, UFR Sciences, Université d'Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Perrier
- Laboratoire Signalisation Fonctionnelle des Canaux Ioniques et des Récepteurs (SiFCIR), UPRES EA 2647, USC INRA 1330, SFR QUASAV 4207, UFR Sciences, Université d'Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, cedex, France
| | - Caroline Deshayes
- Laboratoire Signalisation Fonctionnelle des Canaux Ioniques et des Récepteurs (SiFCIR), UPRES EA 2647, USC INRA 1330, SFR QUASAV 4207, UFR Sciences, Université d'Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, cedex, France
| | - Maria Stankiewicz
- Faculty of Biological and Veternary Sciences, N. Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Véronique Apaire-Marchais
- Laboratoire Signalisation Fonctionnelle des Canaux Ioniques et des Récepteurs (SiFCIR), UPRES EA 2647, USC INRA 1330, SFR QUASAV 4207, UFR Sciences, Université d'Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, cedex, France
| | - Wieslaw Nowak
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, N. Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Bruno Lapied
- Laboratoire Signalisation Fonctionnelle des Canaux Ioniques et des Récepteurs (SiFCIR), UPRES EA 2647, USC INRA 1330, SFR QUASAV 4207, UFR Sciences, Université d'Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, cedex, France.
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45
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Kavallieratos NG, Boukouvala MC, Ntalli N, Skourti A, Karagianni ES, Nika EP, Kontodimas DC, Cappellacci L, Petrelli R, Cianfaglione K, Morshedloo MR, Tapondjou LA, Rakotosaona R, Maggi F, Benelli G. Effectiveness of eight essential oils against two key stored-product beetles, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) and Trogoderma granarium Everts. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 139:111255. [PMID: 32165233 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of chemical pesticides to preserve food commodities is a global issue of concern due to their negative effect on the environment and public health. In recent years, the European Union is trying to reduce their use, favoring alternative or complementary approaches based on natural products. In this scenario, plant-borne essential oils (EOs) represent valid options for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. In the present study, the insecticidal effect of eight EOs obtained from plants from different parts of the world, namely Mentha longifolia, Dysphania ambrosioides, Carlina acaulis, Trachyspermum ammi, Pimpinella anisum, Origanum syriacum, Cannabis sativa and Hazomalania voyronii, were evaluated against two stored-product insect species of economic importance, Prostephanus truncatus and Trogoderma granarium. Simulating a small-scale stored-product conservation environment, an AG-4 airbrush was used to spray maize and wheat with 500 and 1000 ppm of EOs, then T. granarium and P. truncatus were exposed to the stored products and mortality was evaluated over selected time intervals (4, 8, and 16 h, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days). The EO of C. acaulis exhibited high efficacy against P. truncatus adults at both tested concentrations by killing > 97% of the individuals exposed to treated maize within 3 days at 500 ppm. The EO of D. ambrosioides eliminated all T. granarium adults exposed to 1000 ppm-treated wheat 2 days post-exposure. At this exposure interval, 91.1% of the exposed T. granarium adults died on wheat treated with 1000 ppm of C. acaulis EO. The EO of M. longifolia at both tested concentrations was the most effective against T. granarium larvae, leading to 97.8% mortality at 500 ppm after 3 days of exposure, and 100% mortality at 1000 pm 2 days post-exposure. At 1000 ppm, the EOs of D. ambrosioides and P. anisum led to 95.6 and 90% mortality, respectively, to larvae exposed to treated wheat for 7 days. Overall, our research shed light on the potential of selected EOs, with special reference to M. longifolia, D. ambrosioides, C. acaulis and P. anisum, which could be considered further to develop effective and alternative grain protectants to manage P. truncatus and T. granarium infestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas G Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str, 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece.
| | - Maria C Boukouvala
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str, 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupolis, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Ntalli
- Laboratory of Biological Control of Pesticides, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytropharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta str., 14561, Kifissia, Attica, Greece
| | - Anna Skourti
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str, 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Effrosyni S Karagianni
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str, 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Erifili P Nika
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str, 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Demetrius C Kontodimas
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta str., 14561, Kifissia, Attica, Greece
| | - Loredana Cappellacci
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Kevin Cianfaglione
- EA 2219 Géoarchitecture, UFR Sciences & Techniques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29200, Brest, France; School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Mohammad Reza Morshedloo
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, 55136-553, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Léon Azefack Tapondjou
- Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Rianasoambolanoro Rakotosaona
- Institut Malgache de Recherches Appliquées, Association-Fondation Rakoto Ratsimamanga, Avarabohitra Itaosy, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Wooding M, Naudé Y, Rohwer E, Bouwer M. Controlling mosquitoes with semiochemicals: a review. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:80. [PMID: 32066499 PMCID: PMC7027039 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-3960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of semiochemicals in odour-based traps for surveillance and control of vector mosquitoes is deemed a new and viable component for integrated vector management programmes. Over 114 semiochemicals have been identified, yet implementation of these for management of infectious diseases such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya and Rift Valley fever is still a major challenge. The difficulties arise due to variation in how different mosquito species respond to not only single chemical compounds but also complex chemical blends. Additionally, mosquitoes respond to different volatile blends when they are looking for a mating partner, oviposition sites or a meal. Analytically the challenge lies not only in correctly identifying these semiochemical signals and cues but also in developing formulations that effectively mimic blend ratios that different mosquito species respond to. Only then can the formulations be used to enhance the selectivity and efficacy of odour-based traps. Understanding how mosquitoes use semiochemical cues and signals to survive may be key to unravelling these complex interactions. An overview of the current studies of these chemical messages and the chemical ecology involved in complex behavioural patterns is given. This includes an updated list of the semiochemicals which can be used for integrated vector control management programmes. A thorough understanding of these semiochemical cues is of importance for the development of new vector control methods that can be integrated into established control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelien Wooding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yvette Naudé
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Egmont Rohwer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marc Bouwer
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
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Benelli G, Pavela R, Rakotosaona R, Nzekoue FK, Canale A, Nicoletti M, Maggi F. Insecticidal and mosquito repellent efficacy of the essential oils from stem bark and wood of Hazomalania voyronii. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112333. [PMID: 31654797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The use of Hazomalania voyronii, popularly known as hazomalana, to repel mosquitoes and resist against insect attacks is handed down from generation to generation in Madagascar. In the present study, we investigated the ability of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from the stem wood, fresh and dry bark of H. voyronii to keep important mosquito vectors (Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus) away, as well as their toxicity on three insect species of agricultural and public health importance (Cx. quinquefasciatus, Musca domestica and Spodoptera littoralis). MATERIALS AND METHODS Hydrodistillation was used to obtain EOs from stem wood, fresh and dry bark. The chemical compositions were achieved by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Toxicity assays using stem wood and bark EOs were performed on larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and S. littoralis, and adults of M. domestica by WHO and topical application methods, respectively. Mosquito repellent activity of the most effective EO, i.e. the bark one, was determined on human volunteers by arm-in-cage tests, and results were compared with that of the commercial repellent N,N-ddiethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). RESULTS The H. voyronii EOs were characterized by oxygenated monoterpenes with perilla aldehyde (30.9-47.9%) and 1,8-cineole (19.7-33.2%) as the main constituents. The fresh and dry bark EOs were the most active on Cx. quinquefasciatus and S. littoralis larvae, respectively, with LC50/LD50 of 65.5 mg L-1, and 50.5 μg larva-1; the EOs from wood and fresh bark displayed the highest toxicity on M. domestica (LD50 values 60.8 and 65.8 μg adult-1, respectively). Repellence assay revealed an almost complete protection (>80%) from both mosquito species for 30 min when pure fresh bark EO was applied on the volunteers' arm, while DEET 10% repelled >80% of the mosquitoes up to 120 min from application. CONCLUSION The traditional use of the bark EO to repel insects has been demonstrated although an extended-release formulation based on H. voyronii EOs is needed to increase the repellent effect over time. A wide spectrum of insecticidal activity has been provided as well, suggesting a possible use of H. voyronii EOs in the fabrication of green repellents and insecticides useful to control mosquito vectors and agricultural pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Roman Pavela
- Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Plant Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Rianasoambolanoro Rakotosaona
- Institut Malgache de Recherches Appliquées, Association-Fondation Rakoto Ratsimamanga, Avarabohitra Itaosy, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
| | | | - Angelo Canale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
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48
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Grison C, Carrasco D, Pelissier F, Moderc A. Reflexion on Bio-Sourced Mosquito Repellents: Nature, Activity, and Preparation. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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49
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Pavela R, Maggi F, Giordani C, Cappellacci L, Petrelli R, Canale A. Insecticidal activity of two essential oils used in perfumery (ylang ylang and frankincense). Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4746-4752. [PMID: 31965826 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1715403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, only a little part of essential oils produced at an industrial level is employed for insecticidal formulations, while thousand tons are used for perfumery purposes. This research explores the insecticidal potential of two essential oils largely used in perfumery, ylang ylang (Cananga odorata) and frankincense (Boswellia spp.) on three insects of economic importance, Culex quinquefasciatus, Musca domestica and Spodoptera littoralis, comparing their performances with a commercial pyrethrum extract. GC-MS showed that the ylang ylang and frankincense essential oils were mainly composed of α-thujene (73.8%), benzyl salicylate (24.4%) and linalool (21.9%), respectively. Ylang-ylang and frankincense essential oils showed significant insecticidal activity against C. quinquefasciatus larvae (LC50 < 70 ppm) and M. domestica adults (LD50 < 80 µg/female), respectively, while no relevant toxicity was detected on S. littoralis. As highly available from the fragrance industry, these essential oils may be further considered as promising ingredients to be used in botanical formulations against mosquitoes and houseflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Pavela
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Plant Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka, Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Cristiano Giordani
- Grupo Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias; Instituto de Física, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | - Angelo Canale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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50
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Vilar WTS, Barbosa MF, Pinto L, de Araújo MCU, Pontes MJC. Determination of N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide and ethyl-butyl-acetylaminopropionate in insect repellent using near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate calibration. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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