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Zorba BI, Boyacıoğlu Ö, Çağlayan T, Reçber T, Nemutlu E, Eroğlu İ, Korkusuz P. CB65 and novel CB65 liposomal system suppress MG63 and Saos-2 osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro. J Liposome Res 2024; 34:274-287. [PMID: 37740901 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2023.2262025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Curable approaches for primary osteosarcoma are inadequate and urge investigation of novel therapeutic formulations. Cannabinoid ligands exert antiproliferative and apoptotic effect on osteosarcoma cells via cannabinoid 2 (CB2) or transient receptor potential vanilloid type (TRPV1) receptors. In this study, we confirmed CB2 receptor expression in MG63 and Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells by qRT-PCR and flow cytometry (FCM), then reported the reduction effect of synthetic specific CB2 receptor agonist CB65 on the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells by WST-1 (water-soluble tetrazolium-1) and RTCA (real-time impedance-based proliferation). CB65 revealed an IC50 (inhibitory concentration) for MG63 and Saos-2 cells as 1.11 × 10-11 and 4.95 × 10-11 M, respectively. The specific antiproliferative effect of CB65 on osteosarcoma cells was inhibited by CB2 antagonist AM630. CB65 induced late apoptosis of MG63 and Saos-2 cells at 24 and 48 h, respectively by FCM when applied submaximal concentration. A novel CB65 liposomal system was generated by a thin film hydration method with optimal particle size (141.7 ± 0.6 nm), polydispersity index (0.451 ± 0.026), and zeta potential (-10.9 ± 0.3 mV) values. The encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of the CB65-loaded liposomal formulation was 51.12%. The CB65 and CB65-loaded liposomal formulation releasing IC50 of CB65 reduced proliferation by RTCA and invasion by scratch assay and induced late apoptosis of MG63 and Saos-2 cells, by FCM. Our results demonstrate the CB2 receptor-mediated antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of a new liposomal CB65 delivery system on osteosarcoma cells that can be used as a targeted and intelligent tool for bone tumors to ameliorate pediatric bone cancers following in vivo validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Işıl Zorba
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özge Boyacıoğlu
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Atılım University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Çağlayan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuba Reçber
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İpek Eroğlu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Cui SJ, Yang FJ, Wang XD, Mao ZB, Gu Y. Mechanical overload induces TMJ disc degeneration via TRPV4 activation. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1416-1428. [PMID: 37103670 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc cushions intraarticular stress during mandibular movements. While mechanical overloading is related to cartilage degeneration, the pathogenesis of TMJ disc degeneration is unclear. Here, we determined the regulatory role of mechanoinductive transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) in mechanical overload-induced TMJ disc degeneration. METHODS We explored the effect of mechanical overload on the TMJ discs in a rat occlusal interference model in vivo, and by applying sustained compressive force in vitro. TRPV4 inhibition was delivered by small interfering RNA or GSK2193874; TRPV4 activation was delivered by GSK1016790A. The protective effect of TRPV4 inhibition was validated in the rat occlusal interference model. RESULTS Occlusal interference induced TMJ disc degeneration with enhanced extracellular matrix degradation in vivo and mechanical overload promoted inflammatory responses in the TMJ disc cells via Ca2+ influx with significantly upregulated TRPV4. TRPV4 inhibition reversed mechanical overload-induced inflammatory responses; TRPV4 activation simulated mechanical overload-induced inflammatory responses. Moreover, TRPV4 inhibition alleviated TMJ disc degeneration in the rat occlusal interference model. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest TRPV4 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of mechanical overload-induced TMJ disc degeneration and may be a promising target for the treatment of degenerative changes of the TMJ disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Cui
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Jia Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Bin Mao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
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Neha, Ranjan P, Das P. Calcimycin mediates apoptosis in breast and cervical cancer cell lines by inducing intracellular calcium levels in a P2RX4-dependent manner. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130535. [PMID: 38103757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcimycin (A23187) is a polyether antibiotic and divalent cation ionophore, extracted from Streptomyces chartrecensis. With wide variety of antimicrobial activities, it also exhibits cytotoxicity of tumor cells. Calcimycin exhibit therapeutic potential against tumor cell growth; however, the molecular mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. Present study explores the mechanism of calcimycin-induced apoptosis cancer cell lines. METHODS Apoptotic induction in a dose-dependent manner were recorded with MTT assays, Phase contrast imaging, wound healing assay, fluorescence imaging by DAPI and AO/EB staining and FACS using cell line model. Mitochondrial potential was analyzed by TMRM assay as Ca2+ signaling is well known to be influenced and synchronized by mitochondria also. RESULTS Calcimycin induces apoptosis in dose dependent manner, also accompanied by increased intracellular calcium-level and expression of purinergic receptor-P2RX4, a ligand-gated ion channel. CONCLUSION Calcimycin tends to increase the intracellular calcium level, mRNA expression of ATP receptor P2RX4, and phosphorylation of p38. Blocking of either intracellular calcium by BAPTA-AM, P2RX4 expression by antagonist 5-BDBD, and phospho-p38 by SB203580, abrogated the apoptotic activity of calcimycin. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, these results show that calcimycin induces apoptosis in P2RX4 and ATP mediated intracellular Ca2+ and p38 MAPK mediated pathway in both the cancer cell lines. This study explored a new mode of action for calcimycin in cancer that could be potentially employed in future studies for cancer therapeutic research. This study disentangles that the calcimycin-induced apoptotic cell death is P2RX4 and ATP involved, intracellular Ca2+ and p38 MAPK mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221,005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Ranjan
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221,005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Parimal Das
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221,005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Pan C, Liu J, Gao Y, Yang M, Hu H, Liu C, Qian M, Yuan HY, Yang S, Zheng MH, Wang L. Hepatocyte CHRNA4 mediates the MASH-promotive effects of immune cell-produced acetylcholine and smoking exposure in mice and humans. Cell Metab 2023; 35:2231-2249.e7. [PMID: 38056431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a leading risk factor for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we report that CHRNA4, a subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), is an accelerator of MASH progression. CHRNA4 also mediates the MASH-promotive effects induced by smoking. Chrna4 was expressed specifically in hepatocytes and exhibited increased levels in mice and patients with MASH. Elevated CHRNA4 levels were positively correlated with MASH severity. We further revealed that during MASH development, acetylcholine released from immune cells or nicotine derived from smoking functioned as an agonist to activate hepatocyte-intrinsic CHRNA4, inducing calcium influx and activation of inflammatory signaling. The communication between immune cells and hepatocytes via the acetylcholine-CHRNA4 axis led to the production of a variety of cytokines, eliciting inflammation in liver and promoting the pathogenesis of MASH. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of CHRNA4 protected mice from diet-induced MASH. Targeting CHRNA4 might be a promising strategy for MASH therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyue Pan
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiang Su 211198, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiang Su 211198, China
| | - Yingsheng Gao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiang Su 211198, China
| | - Maohui Yang
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiang Su 211198, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Minyi Qian
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiang Su 211198, China
| | - Hai-Yang Yuan
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100015, China.
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Lirui Wang
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Disorders of cancer metabolism: The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:113993. [PMID: 36379120 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal energy metabolism, as one of the important hallmarks of cancer, was induced by multiple carcinogenic factors and tumor-specific microenvironments. It comprises aerobic glycolysis, de novo lipid biosynthesis, and glutamine-dependent anaplerosis. Considering that metabolic reprogramming provides various nutrients for tumor survival and development, it has been considered a potential target for cancer therapy. Cannabinoids have been shown to exhibit a variety of anticancer activities by unclear mechanisms. This paper first reviews the recent progress of related signaling pathways (reactive oxygen species (ROS), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α), and p53) mediating the reprogramming of cancer metabolism (including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism). Then we comprehensively explore the latest discoveries and possible mechanisms of the anticancer effects of cannabinoids through the regulation of the above-mentioned related signaling pathways, to provide new targets and insights for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Golan H, Mechoulam R, Smoum R, Cohen-Zada E, Pri-Chen S, Wiener S, Grinberg I, Bar-Lev DD, Haj CG, Fisher T, Toren A. Anti-Tumorigenic Effect of a Novel Derivative of 2-Hydroxyoleic Acid and the Endocannabinoid Anandamide on Neuroblastoma Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071552. [PMID: 35884854 PMCID: PMC9312959 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system has been suggested as a potential anticancer strategy. In the search for novel and less toxic therapeutic options, structural modifications of the endocannabinoid anandamide and the synthetic derivative of oleic acid, Minerval (HU-600), were done to obtain 2-hydroxy oleic acid ethanolamide (HU-585), which is an HU-600 derivative with the anandamide side chain. We showed that treatment of SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells with HU-585 induced a better anti-tumorigenic effect in comparison to HU-600 as evidenced by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, colony-forming assay, and migration assay. Moreover, HU-585 demonstrated pro-apoptotic properties shown by increased levels of activated caspase-3 following treatment and a better senescence induction effect in comparison to HU-600, as demonstrated by increased activity of lysosomal β-galactosidase. Finally, we observed that combined treatment of HU-585 with the senolytic drugs ABT-263 in vitro, and ABT-737 in vivo resulted in enhanced anti-proliferative effects and reduced neuroblastoma xenograft growth in comparison to treatment with HU-585 alone. Based on these results, we suggest that HU-585 is a pro-apoptotic and senescence-inducing compound, better than HU-600. Hence, it may be a beneficial option for the treatment of resistant neuroblastoma especially when combined with senolytic drugs that enhance its anti-tumorigenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Golan
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Research Laboratory, Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (H.G.); (E.C.-Z.); (S.P.-C.); (S.W.); (I.G.); (D.D.B.-L.); (T.F.)
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (R.M.); (R.S.); (C.G.H.)
| | - Reem Smoum
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (R.M.); (R.S.); (C.G.H.)
| | - Efrat Cohen-Zada
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Research Laboratory, Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (H.G.); (E.C.-Z.); (S.P.-C.); (S.W.); (I.G.); (D.D.B.-L.); (T.F.)
| | - Sara Pri-Chen
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Research Laboratory, Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (H.G.); (E.C.-Z.); (S.P.-C.); (S.W.); (I.G.); (D.D.B.-L.); (T.F.)
| | - Sapir Wiener
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Research Laboratory, Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (H.G.); (E.C.-Z.); (S.P.-C.); (S.W.); (I.G.); (D.D.B.-L.); (T.F.)
| | - Igor Grinberg
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Research Laboratory, Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (H.G.); (E.C.-Z.); (S.P.-C.); (S.W.); (I.G.); (D.D.B.-L.); (T.F.)
| | - Dekel D. Bar-Lev
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Research Laboratory, Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (H.G.); (E.C.-Z.); (S.P.-C.); (S.W.); (I.G.); (D.D.B.-L.); (T.F.)
| | - Christeeneh G. Haj
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (R.M.); (R.S.); (C.G.H.)
| | - Tamar Fisher
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Research Laboratory, Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (H.G.); (E.C.-Z.); (S.P.-C.); (S.W.); (I.G.); (D.D.B.-L.); (T.F.)
| | - Amos Toren
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Research Laboratory, Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (H.G.); (E.C.-Z.); (S.P.-C.); (S.W.); (I.G.); (D.D.B.-L.); (T.F.)
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence:
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The Role of Cannabinoids in Bone Metabolism: A New Perspective for Bone Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212374. [PMID: 34830256 PMCID: PMC8621131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel interest has arisen in recent years regarding bone, which is a very complex and dynamic tissue deputed to several functions ranging from mechanical and protective support to hematopoiesis and calcium homeostasis maintenance. In order to address these tasks, a very refined, continuous remodeling process needs to occur involving the coordinated action of different types of bone cells: osteoblasts (OBs), which have the capacity to produce newly formed bone, and osteoclasts (OCs), which can remove old bone. Bone remodeling is a highly regulated process that requires many hormones and messenger molecules, both at the systemic and the local level. The whole picture is still not fully understood, and the role of novel actors, such as the components of the endocannabinoids system (ECS), including endogenous cannabinoid ligands (ECs), cannabinoid receptors (CBRs), and the enzymes responsible for endogenous ligand synthesis and breakdown, is extremely intriguing. This article reviews the connection between the ECS and skeletal health, supporting the potential use of cannabinoid receptor ligands for the treatment of bone diseases associated with accelerated osteoclastic bone resorption, including osteoporosis and bone metastasis.
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Guo W, Wei B, Cheng T, Xu X, Ruan F, Xiang M. The Na+/K+ ATPase Inhibitor Ouabain Attenuates Stemness and Chemoresistance of Osteosarcoma Cells. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:9426-9434. [PMID: 31822650 PMCID: PMC6918806 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor ouabain in regulating osteosarcoma (OS) cell stemness. Material/Methods Western blot, qPCR, sphere-forming analysis, DNA methylation analysis, and Ca2+ concentration detection were performed to evaluate the stem-like traits of cells and ouabain-induced effects and related mechanisms on OS cell stemness. Cell viability assessment was performed to evaluate the effect of ouabain on OS cell chemosensitivity. Results Ouabain reduced the ALDH1 activity, the expression of critical stemness regulators, sphere size and number, and migration, invasion, and adhesion ability, but had little effects on cell viability. Additionally, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and methylation level of the critical stemness regulators were higher in OS cells than in spheres formed by OS cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that ouabain leads to DNA methylation of stemness markers through increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Notably, inhibition of Ca2+ channel or DNA methylation rescued the inhibition of ouabain on OS cell stemness. Additionally, ouabain enhances cisplatin sensitivity of OS cells, which is involved in Ca2+ channel and DNA methylation. Conclusions This work provides a potential compound for treating OS patients, especially OS patients with chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Tingting Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaotao Xu
- Department of Operation Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Feiling Ruan
- Department of Operation Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Min Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China (mainland)
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Jiang Y, Fang Y, Ye Y, Xu X, Wang B, Gu J, Aschner M, Chen J, Lu R. Anti-Cancer Effects of 3, 3'-Diindolylmethane on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Is Enhanced by Calcium Ionophore: The Role of Cytosolic Ca 2+ and p38 MAPK. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1167. [PMID: 31649538 PMCID: PMC6795059 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), derived from indole-3-carbinol (I3C) in the Brassica species of cruciferous vegetables, has anticancer effects, but its exact underlying mechanism of action is unknown. We explored the roles of cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) and p38 MAPK in the anti-cancer effects of DIM in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Methods: Cell proliferation was measured with a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and the clonogenic formation assay. Cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometric analysis and Hoechst dye staining. Cleaved-caspase3, cleaved-PARP, Bax, total, and phosphorylated p38 MAPK were assayed by western blotting. [Ca2+]i was measured with Fluo-3/AM by fluorescence microscopy. A23187, a calcium ionophore, was used to increase [Ca2+]i levels. Results: DIM inhibited cell proliferation in both SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. DIM also enhanced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK (p-p38), which was attenuated by SB203580. The proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction by DIM were also blunted. In addition, DIM increased [Ca2+]i in HCC cells, and this effect was inhibited by the calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM, resulting in reduced p-p38 MAPK activation and apoptosis in DIM-treated cells, though the proliferation inhibition by DIM was unchanged. However, the DIM-induced cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis were significantly enhanced by A23187, a selective calcium ionophore, which was attributed to exaggerated p-p38 MAPK. Conclusions: The calcium ionophore enhanced DIM-induced anti-cancer effects in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, secondary to [Ca2+]i-dependent activation of p38 MAPK. Treatment with a combination of DIM and calcium ionophore may offer a new approach to enhance the chemotherapeutic efficacy in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyue Jiang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Fang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Bingfang Wang
- Department of Digestive Disease, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Institute of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Rongzhu Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Center for Experimental Research, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
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Gong D, Zhang J, Chen Y, Xu Y, Ma J, Hu G, Huang Y, Zheng J, Zhai W, Xue W. The m 6A-suppressed P2RX6 activation promotes renal cancer cells migration and invasion through ATP-induced Ca 2+ influx modulating ERK1/2 phosphorylation and MMP9 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:233. [PMID: 31159832 PMCID: PMC6547495 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous study demonstrated that extracellular ATP could promote cell migration and invasion in multiple human cancers. Till now, the pro-invasive mechanisms of ATP and P2RX6, a preferred receptor for ATP, are still poorly studied in RCC. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes during RCC different stages. Tissue microarray, IHC staining and survival analysis was respectively used to evaluate potential clinical function. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to explore the P2RX6 biological effects in RCC progression. Results We found that ATP might increase RCC cells migration and invasion through P2RX6. Mechanism dissection revealed that ATP-P2RX6 might modulate the Ca2+-mediated p-ERK1/2/MMP9 signaling to increase the RCC cells migration and invasion. Furthermore, METTL14 implicated m6A modification in RCC and down-regulated P2RX6 protein translation. In addition, human clinical survey also indicated the positive correlation of this newly identified signaling in RCC progression and prognosis. Conclusions Our findings revealed that the newly identified ATP-P2RX6-Ca2+-p-ERK1/2-MMP9 signaling facilitates RCC cell invasion and metastasis. Targeting this novel signaling pathway with small molecules might help us to develop a new approach to better suppress RCC progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1223-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongkui Gong
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine in Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine in Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yonghui Chen
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine in Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine in Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Junjie Ma
- Department of Urology, Pudong Hospital, School of Medicine in Fudan University, Shanghai, 201300, China
| | - Guanghui Hu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine in Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yiran Huang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine in Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Junhua Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine in Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine in Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine in Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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11
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The Endocannabinoid/Endovanilloid System in Bone: From Osteoporosis to Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081919. [PMID: 31003519 PMCID: PMC6514542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue, whose homeostasis is maintained by a fine balance between osteoclast (OC) and osteoblast (OB) activity. The endocannabinoid/endovanilloid (EC/EV) system’s receptors are the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), and the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1). Their stimulation modulates bone formation and bone resorption. Bone diseases are very common worldwide. Osteoporosis is the principal cause of bone loss and it can be caused by several factors such as postmenopausal estrogen decrease, glucocorticoid (GC) treatments, iron overload, and chemotherapies. Studies have demonstrated that CB1 and TRPV1 stimulation exerts osteoclastogenic effects, whereas CB2 stimulation has an anti-osteoclastogenic role. Moreover, the EC/EV system has been demonstrated to have a role in cancer, favoring apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. In particular, in bone cancer, the modulation of the EC/EV system not only reduces cell growth and enhances apoptosis but it also reduces cell invasion and bone pain in mouse models. Therefore, EC/EV receptors may be a useful pharmacological target in the prevention and treatment of bone diseases. More studies to better investigate the biochemical mechanisms underlining the EC/EV system effects in bone are needed, but the synthesis of hybrid molecules, targeting these receptors and capable of oppositely regulating bone homeostasis, seems to be a promising and encouraging prospective in bone disease management.
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Roy J, Watson JE, Hong IS, Fan TM, Das A. Antitumorigenic Properties of Omega-3 Endocannabinoid Epoxides. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5569-5579. [PMID: 29856219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies have linked inflammation to tumor progression. Dietary omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been shown to suppress tumor growth through their conversion to epoxide metabolites. Alternatively, DHA is converted enzymatically into docosahexaenoylethanolamide (DHEA), an endocannabinoid with antiproliferative activity. Recently, we reported a novel class of anti-inflammatory DHEA-epoxide derivative called epoxydocospentaenoic-ethanolamide (EDP-EA) that contain both ethanolamide and epoxide moieties. Herein, we study the antitumorigenic properties of EDP-EAs in an osteosarcoma (OS) model. First, we show ∼80% increase in EDP-EAs in metastatic versus normal lungs of mice. We found significant differences in the apoptotic and antimigratory potencies of the different EDP-EA regioisomers, which were partially mediated through cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1). Next, we synthesized derivatives of the most pro-apoptotic regioisomer. These derivatives had reduced hydrolytic susceptibility to fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and increased CB1-selective binding. Collectively, we report a novel class of EDP-EAs that exhibit antiangiogenic, antitumorigenic, and antimigratory properties in OS.
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13
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Di Scala C, Mazzarino M, Yahi N, Varini K, Garmy N, Fantini J, Chahinian H. Ceramide binding to anandamide increases its half-life and potentiates its cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma cells. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 205:11-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Marino S, Idris AI. Emerging therapeutic targets in cancer induced bone disease: A focus on the peripheral type 2 cannabinoid receptor. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:391-403. [PMID: 28274851 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal complications are a common cause of morbidity in patients with primary bone cancer and bone metastases. The type 2 cannabinoid (Cnr2) receptor is implicated in cancer, bone metabolism and pain perception. Emerging data have uncovered the role of Cnr2 in the regulation of tumour-bone cell interactions and suggest that agents that target Cnr2 in the skeleton have potential efficacy in the reduction of skeletal complications associated with cancer. This review aims to provide an overview of findings relating to the role of Cnr2 receptor in the regulation of skeletal tumour growth, osteolysis and bone pain, and highlights the many unanswered questions and unmet needs. This review argues that development and testing of peripherally-acting, tumour-, Cnr2-selective ligands in preclinical models of metastatic cancer will pave the way for future research that will advance our knowledge about the basic mechanism(s) by which the endocannabinoid system regulate cancer metastasis, stimulate the development of a safer cannabis-based therapy for the treatment of cancer and provide policy makers with powerful tools to assess the science and therapeutic potential of cannabinoid-based therapy. Thus, offering the prospect of identifying selective Cnr2 ligands, as novel, alternative to cannabis herbal extracts for the treatment of advanced cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marino
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Aymen I Idris
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
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15
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Fonseca BM, Teixeira NA, Correia-da-Silva G. Cannabinoids as Modulators of Cell Death: Clinical Applications and Future Directions. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 173:63-88. [PMID: 28425013 DOI: 10.1007/112_2017_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are bioactive lipids that modulate various physiological processes through G-protein-coupled receptors (CB1 and CB2) and other putative targets. By sharing the activation of the same receptors, some phytocannabinoids and a multitude of synthetic cannabinoids mimic the effects of endocannabinoids. In recent years, a growing interest has been dedicated to the study of cannabinoids properties for their analgesic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. In addition to these well-recognized effects, various studies suggest that cannabinoids may affect cell survival, cell proliferation or cell death. These observations indicate that cannabinoids may play an important role in the regulation of cellular homeostasis and, thus, may contribute to tissue remodelling and cancer treatment. For a long time, the study of cannabinoid receptor signalling has been focused on the classical adenylyl cyclase/cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. However, this pathway does not totally explain the wide array of biological responses to cannabinoids. In addition, the diversity of receptors and signalling pathways that endocannabinoids modulate offers an interesting opportunity for the development of specific molecules to disturb selectively the endogenous system. Moreover, emerging evidences suggest that cannabinoids ability to limit cell proliferation and to induce tumour-selective cell death may offer a novel strategy in cancer treatment. This review describes the main properties of cannabinoids in cell death and attempts to clarify the different pathways triggered by these compounds that may help to understand the complexity of respective molecular mechanisms and explore the potential clinical benefit of cannabinoids use in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Fonseca
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - N A Teixeira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - G Correia-da-Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Pyszniak M, Tabarkiewicz J, Łuszczki JJ. Endocannabinoid system as a regulator of tumor cell malignancy - biological pathways and clinical significance. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4323-36. [PMID: 27486335 PMCID: PMC4958360 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s106944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) comprises cannabinoid receptors (CBs), endogenous cannabinoids, and enzymes responsible for their synthesis, transport, and degradation of (endo)cannabinoids. To date, two CBs, CB1 and CB2, have been characterized; however, orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR55 has been suggested to be the third putative CB. Several different types of cancer present abnormal expression of CBs, as well as other components of ECS, and this has been shown to correlate with the clinical outcome. Although most effects of (endo)cannabinoids are mediated through stimulation of classical CBs, they also interact with several molecules, either prosurvival or proapoptotic molecules. It should be noted that the mode of action of exogenous cannabinoids differs significantly from that of endocannabinoid and results from the studies on their activity both in vivo and in vitro could not be easily compared. This review highlights the main signaling pathways involved in the antitumor activity of cannabinoids and the influence of their activation on cancer cell biology. We also discuss changes in the expression pattern of the ECS in various cancer types that have an impact on disease progression and patient survival. A growing amount of experimental data imply possible exploitation of cannabinoids in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pyszniak
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa
| | - Jacek Tabarkiewicz
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów
| | - Jarogniew J Łuszczki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin; Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Medicine, Lublin, Poland
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ORELLANA-SERRADELL O, POBLETE C, SANCHEZ C, CASTELLÓN E, GALLEGOS I, HUIDOBRO C, LLANOS M, CONTRERAS H. Proapoptotic effect of endocannabinoids in prostate cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1599-608. [PMID: 25606819 PMCID: PMC4358087 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early stages, prostate cancer is androgen‑ dependent; therefore, medical castration has shown significant results during the initial stages of this pathology. Despite this early effect, advanced prostate cancer is resilient to such treatment. Recent evidence shows that derivatives of Cannabis sativa and its analogs may exert a protective effect against different types of oncologic pathologies. The purpose of the present study was to detect the presence of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) on cancer cells with a prostatic origin and to evaluate the effect of the in vitro use of synthetic analogs. In order to do this, we used a commercial cell line and primary cultures derived from prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. The presence of the CB1 and CB2 receptors was determined by immunohistochemistry where we showed a higher expression of these receptors in later stages of the disease (samples with a high Gleason score). Later, treatments were conducted using anandamide, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol and a synthetic analog of anandamide, methanandamide. Using the MTT assay, we proved that the treatments produced a cell growth inhibitory effect on all the different prostate cancer cultures. This effect was demonstrated to be dose-dependent. The use of a specific CB1 receptor blocker (SR141716) confirmed that this effect was produced primarily from the activation of the CB1 receptor. In order to understand the MTT assay results, we determined cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry, which showed no variation at the different cell cycle stages in all the cultures after treatment. Treatment with endocannabinoids resulted in an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells as determined by Annexin V assays and caused an increase in the levels of activated caspase-3 and a reduction in the levels of Bcl-2 confirming that the reduction in cell viability noted in the MTT assay was caused by the activation of the apoptotic pathway. Finally, we observed that endocannabinoid treatment activated the Erk pathway and at the same time, produced a decrease in the activation levels of the Akt pathway. Based on these results, we suggest that endocannabinoids may be a beneficial option for the treatment of prostate cancer that has become nonresponsive to common therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Arachidonic Acids/pharmacology
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Endocannabinoids/pharmacology
- Glycerides/pharmacology
- Humans
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Male
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/drug effects
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Polyunsaturated Alkamides/pharmacology
- Prostatic Hyperplasia/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/analysis
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/drug effects
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/analysis
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/drug effects
- Rimonabant
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- O. ORELLANA-SERRADELL
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - C.E. POBLETE
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - C. SANCHEZ
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - E.A. CASTELLÓN
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - I. GALLEGOS
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Clinic Hospital of the University of Chile, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - C. HUIDOBRO
- Urology Service, Clinic Hospital of the University of Chile, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - M.N. LLANOS
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Regulation, INTA, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - H.R. CONTRERAS
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
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Costa MA, Fonseca BM, Teixeira NA, Correia-da-Silva G. The endocannabinoid anandamide induces apoptosis in cytotrophoblast cells: involvement of both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways. Placenta 2014; 36:69-76. [PMID: 25465706 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A balanced proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation in trophoblast cells of the human placenta is crucial for a proper placental development. Alteration in trophoblast apoptosis and differentiation are associated with gestational-related complications, such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction or miscarriages. The endocannabinoids (eCBs) have been recognized as new interveners in pregnancy events such as implantation and decidualization. However, their importance in placentation is poorly understood. We hypothesise that these novel lipid mediators may intervene in cytotrophoblast apoptosis and, concomitantly, have a role during placental development. METHODS primary human cytotrophoblasts (hCTs) and the human trophoblast-like choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo cells were exposed to Anandamide (AEA). It was investigated the cellular pathways involved in cell death, by the assessment of cell morphology, caspases activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and western blot of cleaved Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), truncated Bid (t-Bid) and IκB-α. RESULTS AEA decreased hCTs viability and induced morphological features of apoptosis (chromatin condensation and fragmentation), caspase-3/7 activation and PARP-1 cleavage. In BeWo, AEA also increased the activities of caspase-3/7 and 9, induced loss in Δψm and production of ROS/RNS. These effects were reversed by either CB1 or CB2 antagonists, whereas the increase in caspase-3/7 activity was only reversed with CB2 blockage. AEA-treated cells showed increased caspase-8 activation and formation of t-Bid, suggesting the interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. AEA also increased IκB-α expression, a NF-κB regulatory protein. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the importance of eCBs in cytotrophoblast cell apoptosis and indicate that a crosstalk between intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways is involved in AEA-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular da Universidade do Porto (IBMC), Porto, Portugal
| | - B M Fonseca
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular da Universidade do Porto (IBMC), Porto, Portugal
| | - N A Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular da Universidade do Porto (IBMC), Porto, Portugal
| | - G Correia-da-Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular da Universidade do Porto (IBMC), Porto, Portugal.
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Gómez R, Conde J, Scotece M, López V, Lago F, Gómez Reino JJ, Gualillo O. Endogenous cannabinoid anandamide impairs cell growth and induces apoptosis in chondrocytes. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:1137-46. [PMID: 24902823 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids has been described to be involved in articular degenerative disease by modulating nociception and immune system. However, the role of the endocannabinoid anandamide on chondrocyte cell viability is still unclear. Therefore, we decided to study anandamide's effects on chondrocytes viability and to evaluate its interactions with the catabolic factor TNF (tumor necrosis factor). Chondrocyte vitality was evaluated by MTT assay. We investigated LDH release, chromatin condensation, cleavage of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and caspases-3, 8, and 9 activation. c-MYC mRNA levels were determined by RT-PCR. We studied by Western blot the activation patterns of AKT, AMPK, ERK, p38, and JNK kinases. Finally, we evaluate the effect of anandamide in TNF-induced caspase-3 cleavage. Anandamide decreased chondrocyte vitality independently of its receptors. It induced AMPK activation without LDH release. Anandamide induced chromatin condensation, activation of caspase-3, 8, and 9, and FAK cleavage. Surprisingly, despite anandamide inhibited cell proliferation, it increased c-MYC expression. Moreover anandamide inhibited AKT activation, whilst it induced a sustained activation of ERK, JNK, and p38. Finally, anandamide synergized with TNF-α in the cleavage of caspase-3. In conclusion, our findings suggest that anandamide, alone or in combination with TNF-α, may be a potential destructive agent in cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Gómez
- SERGAS-IDIS, Servizo Galego de Saude and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, The NEIRID (NeuroEndocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases) Laboratory, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Research Laboratory 9, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Zhao Z, Yin JQ, Wu MS, Song G, Xie XB, Zou C, Tang Q, Wu Y, Lu J, Wang Y, Wang J, Kang T, Jia Q, Shen J. Dihydromyricetin activates AMP-activated protein kinase and P38(MAPK) exerting antitumor potential in osteosarcoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:927-38. [PMID: 24894198 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous patients with osteosarcoma either are not sensitive to chemotherapy or develop drug resistance to current chemotherapy regimens. Therefore, it is necessary to develop several potentially useful therapeutic agents. Dihydromyricetin is the major flavonoid component derived from Ampelopsis grossedentata, which has a long history of use in food and medicine. The present study examined the antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo without noticeable side effects and the underlying mechanism of action of dihydromyricetin in osteosarcoma cells. We found that dihydromyricetin induced increased p21 expression and G2-M cell-cycle arrest, caused DNA damage, activated ATM-CHK2-H2AX signaling pathways, and induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells as well as decreasing the sphere formation capability by downregulating Sox2 expression. Mechanistic analysis showed that the antitumor potential of dihydromyricetin may be due to the activation of AMPKα and p38(MAPK), as the activating AMPKα led to the inactivation of GSK3β in osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, GSK3β deletion or GSK3β inhibition by LiCl treatment resulted in increased p21 expression and reduced Sox2 expression in osteosarcoma cells. Taken together, our results strongly indicate that the antitumor potential of dihydromyricetin is correlated with P38(MAPK) and the AMPKα-GSK3β-Sox2 signaling pathway. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis indicated that some patients had a lower p-AMPK expression after chemotherapy, which supports that the combination of dihydromyricetin and chemotherapy drug will be beneficial for patients with osteosarcoma. In conclusion, our results are the first to suggest that dihydromyricetin may be a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Jun-qiang Yin
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Man-si Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; and
| | - Guohui Song
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Xian-biao Xie
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Changye Zou
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Qinglian Tang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Yuanzhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; and
| | - Jinchang Lu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Yongqian Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Tiebang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; and
| | - Qiang Jia
- The Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingnan Shen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University;
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The endocannabinoid anandamide induces apoptosis of rat decidual cells through a mechanism involving ceramide synthesis and p38 MAPK activation. Apoptosis 2013; 18:1526-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Endogenous cannabinoids revisited: A biochemistry perspective. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2013; 102-103:13-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lin KL, Chi CC, Lu T, Tseng LL, Wang JL, Lu YC, Jan CR. Effect of sertraline on [Ca2+](i) and viability of human MG63 osteosarcoma cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2012; 36:231-40. [PMID: 22931138 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2012.710625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The antidepressant, sertraline, has been shown to have diverse in vitro effects. This study examined whether sertraline altered [Ca(2+)](i) in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells by using fura-2 as a Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent dye. At 50-200 µM, sertraline induced a [Ca(2+)](i) rise in a concentration-dependent manner. Ca(2+) response was decreased by removing extracellular Ca(2+), suggesting that Ca(2+) entry and release contributed to the [Ca(2+)](i) signal. Sertraline-induced Ca(2+) entry was inhibited by nifedipine, La(3+), Gd(3+), and SK&F96365. When extracellular Ca(2+) was removed, pretreatment with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) pump inhibitor, thapsigargin, or 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) abolished the sertraline-evoked [Ca(2+)](i) rise. Incubation with sertraline also abolished the thapsigargin or BHQ-induced [Ca(2+)](i) rise. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 abolished the sertraline-induced [Ca(2+)](i) rise. At 20-30 µM, overnight treatment with sertraline killed cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The cytotoxic effect of sertraline was not reversed by chelating cytosolic Ca(2+) with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA). Annexin V/propidium iodide staining data demonstrate that sertraline (30 µM) evoked apoptosis. Sertraline (20 and 30 µM) also increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Together, in human osteosarcoma cells, sertraline evoked a [Ca(2+)](i) rise by inducing PLC-dependent Ca(2+) release from the ER and Ca(2+) entry by L-type Ca(2+) channels and store-operated Ca(2+) channels. Sertraline induced cell death that may involve apoptosis by mitochondrial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Long Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Kim KN, Ham YM, Moon JY, Kim MJ, Jung YH, Jeon YJ, Lee NH, Kang N, Yang HM, Kim D, Hyun CG. Acanthoic acid induces cell apoptosis through activation of the p38 MAPK pathway in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukaemia. Food Chem 2012; 135:2112-7. [PMID: 22953963 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of the action of acanthoic acid (ACAN) from Acanthopanax koreanum (Araliaceae) against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukaemia cells. ACAN reduced the proliferation of HL-60 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner accompanied by the induction of apoptosis. Possible mechanisms of ACAN-induced apoptosis were also examined. The results showed that ACAN-induced the phosphorylation of members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK (p38), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). A specific p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) significantly blocked ACAN-induced apoptosis and cell viability, whereas an ERK inhibitor (PD98059) and JNK inhibitor (SP600125) had no effect. Moreover, ACAN induced the cleavage of caspase-3 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and decreased the level of Bcl-xL, but these effects were inhibited by SB203580 pre-treatment. These results strongly suggest that ACAN may have cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic potential, due to its ability to activate the p38 MAPK-mediated signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kil-Nam Kim
- Jeju center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea
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25
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Lu YC, Chen IS, Chou CT, Huang JK, Chang HT, Tsai JY, Hsu SS, Liao WC, Wang JL, Lin KL, Liu SI, Kuo CC, Ho CM, Jan CR. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane alters Ca2+ homeostasis and viability in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 110:314-21. [PMID: 21995587 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the natural product 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) on cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)) and viability in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells was explored. The Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2 was applied to measure [Ca(2+)](i). DIM at concentrations of 40-80 μM induced a [Ca(2+)](i) rise in a concentration-dependent manner. The response was reduced partly by removing Ca(2+). DIM-evoked Ca(2+) entry was suppressed by nifedipine, econazole, SK&F96365 and protein kinase C modulators. In the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), incubation with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump inhibitors thapsigargin or 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) inhibited or abolished DIM-induced [Ca(2+)](i) rise. Incubation with DIM also inhibited thapsigargin or BHQ-induced [Ca(2+)](i) rise. Inhibition of phospholipase C with U73122 abolished DIM-induced [Ca(2+)](i) rise. At concentrations of 10-50 μM, DIM killed cells in a concentration-dependent manner. This cytotoxic effect was not altered by chelating cytosolic Ca(2+) with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA). Annexin V/propidium iodide staining data implicate that DIM (20 and 40 μM) induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. In sum, in MG63 cells, DIM induced a [Ca(2+)](i) rise by evoking phospholipase C-dependent Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca(2+) entry via protein kinase C-sensitive store-operated Ca(2+) channels. DIM caused cell death that may involve apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chau Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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26
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Hamtiaux L, Hansoulle L, Dauguet N, Muccioli GG, Gallez B, Lambert DM. Increasing antiproliferative properties of endocannabinoids in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells through inhibition of their metabolism. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26823. [PMID: 22046372 PMCID: PMC3203169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumoral properties of endocannabinoids received a particular attention these last few years. Indeed, these endogenous molecules have been reported to exert cytostatic, apoptotic and antiangiogenic effects in different tumor cell lines and tumor xenografts. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxicity of three N-acylethanolamines – N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide, AEA), N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) and N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) - which were all able to time- and dose-dependently reduce the viability of murine N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, several inhibitors of FAAH and NAAA, whose presence was confirmed by RT-PCR in the cell line, induced cell cytotoxicity and favored the decrease in cell viability caused by N-acylethanolamines. The most cytotoxic treatment was achieved by the co-incubation of AEA with the selective FAAH inhibitor URB597, which drastically reduced cell viability partly by inhibiting AEA hydrolysis and consequently increasing AEA levels. This combination of molecules synergistically decreased cell proliferation without inducing cell apoptosis or necrosis. We found that these effects are independent of cannabinoid, TRPV1, PPARα, PPARγ or GPR55 receptors activation but seem to occur through a lipid raft-dependent mechanism. These findings further highlight the interest of targeting the endocannabinoid system to treat cancer. More particularly, this emphasizes the great potential benefit of designing novel anti-cancerous therapies based on the association of endocannabinoids and inhibitors of their hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Hamtiaux
- Medicinal Chemistry, Cannabinoid and Endocannabinoid Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurie Hansoulle
- Medicinal Chemistry, Cannabinoid and Endocannabinoid Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Dauguet
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G. Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Laboratory, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier M. Lambert
- Medicinal Chemistry, Cannabinoid and Endocannabinoid Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Chang HT, Hsu SS, Chou CT, Cheng JS, Wang JL, Lin KL, Fang YC, Chen WC, Chien JM, Lu T, Pan CC, Cheng HH, Huang JK, Kuo CC, Chai KL, Jan CR. Effect of thymol on Ca2+ homeostasis and viability in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. Pharmacology 2011; 88:201-12. [PMID: 21986213 DOI: 10.1159/000331864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The effect of the natural product thymol on cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)) and viability in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells was examined. METHODS The Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2 was applied to measure [Ca(2+)](i). RESULTS Thymol at concentrations of 200-1,000 μmol/l induced a [Ca(2+)](i) rise in a concentration-dependent fashion. The response was decreased partially by removal of extracellular Ca(2+). Thymol-induced Ca(2+) entry was inhibited by nifedipine, econazole, SK&F96365 and protein kinase C modulators. When extracellular Ca(2+) was removed, incubation with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump inhibitor thapsigargin or 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) inhibited the thymol-induced [Ca(2+)](i) rise. Incubation with thymol also inhibited the thapsigargin or BHQ-induced [Ca(2+)](i) rise. Inhibition of phospholipase C with U73122 abolished the thymol-induced [Ca(2+)](i) rise. At concentrations of 100-600 μmol/l, thymol killed cells in a concentration-dependent manner. This cytotoxic effect was not changed by chelating cytosolic Ca(2+) with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid/AM. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining data suggest that thymol (200 and 400 μmol/l) induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Thymol (200 and 400 μmol/l) also increased levels of reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSIONS In MG63 cells, thymol induced a [Ca(2+)](i) rise by inducing phospholipase C-dependent Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca(2+) entry via protein kinase C-sensitive store-operated Ca(2+) channels. Thymol induced cell death that may involve apoptosis via mitochondrial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tai Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
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Lueneberg K, Domínguez G, Arias-Carrión O, Palomero-Rivero M, Millán-Aldaco D, Morán J, Drucker-Colín R, Murillo-Rodríguez E. Cellular viability effects of fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibition on cerebellar neurons. Int Arch Med 2011; 4:28. [PMID: 21854612 PMCID: PMC3171300 DOI: 10.1186/1755-7682-4-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid anandamide (ANA) participates in the control of cell death inducing the formation of apoptotic bodies and DNA fragmentation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the ANA degrading enzyme, the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), would induce cellular death. Experiments were performed in cerebellar granule neurons cultured with the FAAH inhibitor, URB597 (25, 50 or 100 nM) as well as endogenous lipids such as oleoylethanolamide (OEA) or palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and cellular viability was determined by MTT test. Neurons cultured with URB597 (25, 50 or 100 nM) displayed a decrease in cellular viability. In addition, if cultured with OEA (25 nM) or PEA (100 nM), cellular death was found. These results further suggest that URB597, OEA or PEA promote cellular death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathia Lueneberg
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, D-35033 Marburg, Germany.
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29
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Popescu R, Heiss EH, Ferk F, Peschel A, Knasmueller S, Dirsch VM, Krupitza G, Kopp B. Ikarugamycin induces DNA damage, intracellular calcium increase, p38 MAP kinase activation and apoptosis in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Mutat Res 2011; 709-710:60-6. [PMID: 21392513 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ikarugamycin (IKA) is an antibiotic with strong antiprotozoal and cytotoxic activity. The purpose of our work was to provide insight into the mechanism of action characterizing the cytotoxic effect of IKA in HL-60 leukemia cells in order to evaluate its potential as an antineoplastic agent. Cell viability was reduced in response to IKA (IC(50) of 221.3nM), while the amount of HL-60 cells with a subdiploid DNA content increased significantly after 24h. Apoptotic cell death was confirmed by the cleavage of caspase-9, -8 and -3 using immunoblotting. Single cell gel electrophoresis pointed to an early genotoxic effect. Monitoring of intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) levels by flow cytometric analysis of Fluo-3-AM fluorescence indicated an increase in cytosolic calcium that correlated with the cleavage of caspases. In addition, IKA triggered the activation of p38 MAP kinase which was partly dependent on elevated [Ca(2+)](i) concentrations and contributed to caspase activation. The data demonstrate that IKA induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells through genotoxicity and caspase activation which was in part correlated to an increase in intracellular calcium levels and activation of p38 MAP kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Popescu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Wu DM, Zhao D, Li DZ, Xu DY, Chu WF, Wang XF. Maslinic acid induces apoptosis in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cells by Ca2+-evoked p38 signaling pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 383:321-30. [PMID: 21279332 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0598-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Maslinic acid (MA) is a triterpenoid with a high concentration that exists in olives. This natural compound, which has shown multiple biological activities, was proved to be an anti-tumoral agent more recently. We have investigated the mechanisms of MA with regard to its inhibitory effects on the growth of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). We demonstrated that MA at 10-100 μM reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, IC(50) of 43.68 μM, and 45.76 μM, respectively in cultured ACC-2 and ACC-M cells. Fifty micromolars of MA efficiently induced apoptosis as indicated by AO/EB staining, electronic microscopy, flow cytometry, and activation of caspase-3 activity. MA induced an elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) in a dose-dependent manner, and cell viability inhibition and cell apoptosis induced by MA were blocked by an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator, BAPTA-AM. The elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) induced by MA was blocked by EGTA or TRPV channel inhibitor suggesting TRPV channel involved in calcium influx induced by MA. MA also activated ERK and p38 MAPK in a time-dependent manner. MA induced cell apoptosis and activation of caspase-3 activity were reversed by SB203580, but not by PD98059, suggesting that the apoptosis induction of MA was via p38 MAPK, but not via ERK. Chelation of intracellular Ca(2+) with BAPTA reversed MA induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation, but SB203580 did not block MA-evoked elevation of [Ca(2+)](i), suggesting a Ca(2+)-evoked p38 MAPK signaling involved in MA-induced apoptosis in ACC cells. Taken together, in ACC cells, maslinic acid induced an increase in [Ca(2+)](i), which evoked p38 MAPK phosphorylation, subsequently activated caspase-3 leading to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Wu
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Malfitano AM, Ciaglia E, Gangemi G, Gazzerro P, Laezza C, Bifulco M. Update on the endocannabinoid system as an anticancer target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:297-308. [PMID: 21244344 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.553606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have shown that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) could offer an attractive antitumor target. Numerous findings suggest the involvement of this system (constituted mainly by cannabinoid receptors, endogenous compounds and the enzymes for their synthesis and degradation) in cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. AREAS COVERED This review covers literature from the past decade which highlights the potential of targeting the ECS for cancer treatment. In particular, the levels of endocannabinoids and the expression of their receptors in several types of cancer are discussed, along with the signaling pathways involved in the endocannabinoid antitumor effects. Furthermore, the beneficial and adverse effects of old and novel compounds in clinical use are discussed. EXPERT OPINION One direction that should be pursued in antitumor therapy is to select compounds with reduced psychoactivity. This is known to be connected to the CB1 receptor; thus, targeting the CB2 receptor is a popular objective. CB1 receptors could be maintained as a target to design new compounds, and mixed CB1-CB2 ligands could be effective if they are able to not cross the BBB. Furthermore, targeting the ECS with agents that activate cannabinoid receptors or inhibitors of endogenous degrading systems such as fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors may have relevant therapeutic impact on tumor growth. Additional studies into the downstream consequences of endocannabinoid treatment are required and may illuminate other potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Malfitano
- University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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32
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Jenkin KA, McAinch AJ, Grinfeld E, Hryciw DH. Role for cannabinoid receptors in human proximal tubular hypertrophy. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 26:879-86. [PMID: 21220919 DOI: 10.1159/000323997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous endocannabinoids bind to cannabinoid receptors; namely CB1, CB2, TRPV1 and GPR55, to activate intracellular pathways that control many cellular functions. Elevated levels of endocannabinoids have been identified in diseases such as obesity and diabetes, with the onset of diabetic nephropathy associated with proximal tubule hypertrophy. Recent research has identified a role for CB1 in apoptosis in human proximal tubular (HK2) cells, however the role of the other receptors has not been investigated. We investigated if the cannabinoid receptors played a role in hypertrophy in HK2 cells. Characterisation of HK2 cells demonstrated that mRNA and protein for CB1, CB2, TRPV1 and GPR55 occurs in these cells. Importantly, activation of the cannabinoid receptors with anandamide significantly increases hypertrophy in HK2 cells. In general, treatment with CB1 antagonist AM-251, reduces hypertrophy while treatment with CB2 (AM-630) and TRPV1 (SB-366791) antagonists increases hypertrophy. Targeting a cannabinoid receptor sensitive to O-1918 in HK2 cells did not alter proximal tubule cell hypertrophy. Therefore it is likely that in human proximal tubule, these receptors regulate cellular function by activating different cell signalling pathways. Nonetheless, we have identified a role for cannabinoid receptors in proximal tubule cells which may provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayte A Jenkin
- School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Victoria University, St Albans Campus, Melbourne, Australia
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Quan L, Jian Z, Ping Z, Weiming L. Proteinase-activated receptor-1 mediates allogeneic CD8(+) T cell-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. Med Oncol 2009; 26:379-85. [PMID: 19082770 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-008-9132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial-cells injury plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and transplant-associated endothelial injury syndrome. Vascular endothelial cells are an exposed target tissue for immune-mediated injury during GVHD. Early endothelial injury syndromes share common features with acute GVHD. Chronic GVHD leads to a rarefaction of microvessels caused by the infiltration of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In this context, allogeneic reactive cytotoxic T cell may contribute to apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. The involvement of proteinase-activated receptor (PAR-1) in regulation of apoptosis has been recently recognized in many cell types. We hypothesized that apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells induced by allogeneic cytotoxic T cell are mediated via the PAR-1. Allogeneic CD8(+) T cell, PAR-1 agonist peptide (SFLLRN) induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) as assessed by AnnexinV-FITC labeling. To ascertain the mechanism of endothelial apoptosis, we determined that allogeneic CD8(+) T cell, SFLLRN enhanced cleavage of caspase-3 and led to p38MAPK activation as assessed by Western blot. The effects of allogeneic CD8(+) T cell and SFLLRN on apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells were largely prevented by a cleavage-blocking anti-human PAR-1-antibody (ATAP2) and a specific inhibitor of p38MAPK. In concert, these observations provide strong evidence that allogeneic CD8(+) T cell induces apoptosis of human vascular endothelial cells through PAR-1-dependent modulation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway via alterations of p38MAPK and caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Quan
- Institute of Hematology, Tong ji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Surfactin Induces Apoptosis and G2/M Arrest in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells Through Cell Cycle Factor Regulation. Cell Biochem Biophys 2009; 55:163-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-009-9065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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35
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Dong YL, Zhou PJ, Jiang SY, Pan XW, Zhao XH. Induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis by pentachlorophenol in primary cultures of Carassius carassius hepatocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 150:179-85. [PMID: 19410655 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a highly toxic contaminant of chlorophenols. Due to its slow and incomplete biodegradation, it can be found in surface, groundwater and in soils. To investigate the role of intracellular calcium and reactive oxygen species in apoptosis induced by PCP in cultured hepatocytes, the primary hepatocytes of Carassius carassius were incubated with different concentrations of PCP at 25 degrees C for 8 h in vitro. Apoptosis was detected by DNA laddering, caspase activation and flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that apoptosis was involved in the cytotoxic effect of PCP, and that PCP-induced apoptosis occurred in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the induction of apoptosis by PCP was accompanied with Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase activity decline, intracellular Ca2+ elevation, generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) disruption and ATP depletion. Concomitantly, there were dose-dependent increases in lipid peroxidation production (MDA) and decreases in glutathione (GSH). These investigations suggest that PCP-induces apoptosis in the cultured hepatocytes by affecting multiple targets, and suggest that [Ca2+]i increase and ROS generation may be involved in apoptosis induction by PCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Liang Dong
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Wang C, Ng T, Cao X, Jiang Y, Liu Z, Wen T, Liu F. CLP induces apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells through Ca2+ regulating extracellular-related protein kinase ERK activation. Cancer Lett 2009; 276:221-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Alpini G, Demorrow S. Changes in the endocannabinoid system may give insight into new and effective treatments for cancer. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2009; 81:469-85. [PMID: 19647123 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(09)81018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system comprises specific cannabinoid receptors such as Cb1 and Cb2, the endogenous ligands (anandamide and 2-arachidonyl glycerol among others) and the proteins responsible for their synthesis and degradation. This system has become the focus of research in recent years because of its potential therapeutic value several disease states. The following review describes our current knowledge of the changes that occur in the endocannabinoid system during carcinogenesis and then focuses on the effects of anandamide on various aspects of the carcinogenic process such as growth, migration, and angiogenesis in tumors from various origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Alpini
- Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
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Yun SI, Yoon HY, Jeong SY, Chung YS. Glucocorticoid induces apoptosis of osteoblast cells through the activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta. J Bone Miner Metab 2009; 27:140-8. [PMID: 19066717 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-008-0019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs), which play an important role in the normal regulation of bone remodeling, are widely used as anti-inflammatory and chemotherapeutic agents. However, continued exposure to GCs results in osteoporosis, which is partially due to apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes. To understand the mechanism of how GCs induce cell death in osteoblasts, we examined apoptotic effects of dexamethasone (Dex), GC, on MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. Results revealed that Dex-induced apoptosis was inhibited by a GC receptor antagonist, mifepristone, and a general caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-fmk, indicating that Dex induces apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells through the pathways involved in GC receptor and caspase. Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) is known to participate in apoptosis signaling in MC3T3-E1 cells. Dex activated both GSK3beta and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The inhibition of GSK3beta by inhibitor (LiCl) or small interference RNA (siRNA) decreased apoptosis. In contrast, the inhibition of p38-MAPK by inhibitor (SB203580) or siRNA did not decrease, but increase apoptosis. These results suggest that Dex-mediated apoptosis of osteoblasts is facilitated by GSK3beta, but prevented by p38-MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Il Yun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, San 5 Wonchon-Dong Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon City, Gyeonggi Province 443-721, South Korea
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Ciglitazone induces apoptosis via activation of p38 MAPK and AIF nuclear translocation mediated by reactive oxygen species and Ca(2+) in opossum kidney cells. Toxicology 2008; 257:1-9. [PMID: 19110029 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist ciglitazone induces apoptosis accompanied by activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in opossum kidney (OK) renal epithelial cells. However, the precise mechanism by which ciglitazone induces activation of p38 MAPK and the role of AIF in the induction of the apoptosis are not defined. This study was therefore undertaken to determine whether the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and intracellular Ca(2+) in the ciglitazone-induced activation of p38 MAPK and whether AIF nuclear translocation is responsible for the ciglitazone-induced apoptosis in OK renal epithelial cells. Ciglitazone caused generation of ROS and an increase in intracellular Ca(2+). Ciglitazone-induced cell death was reduced by the antioxidant Trolox, the Ca(2+) chelator EGTA, and the store-operated Ca(2+) channels (SOCC) blocker lanthanum chloride (La(3+)), indicating involvement of ROS and Ca(2+) in the ciglitazone-induced cell death. Ciglitazone-induced intracellular Ca(2+) increase was decreased by Trolox, while ROS generation was not affected by EGTA and La(3+), suggesting that ROS generation promote the increase of intracellular Ca(2+). Transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) of p38 MAPK or vector expressing microRNA (miRNA) of AIF prevented the ciglitazone-induced cell death. Activation of p38 MAPK, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and AIF nuclear translocation induced by ciglitazone were inhibited by Trolox, EGTA and La(3+). Taken together, these results suggest that ROS-dependent intracellular Ca(2+) increase is responsible for activation of p38 MAPK and nuclear translocation of AIF by ciglitazone.
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ROAN CHERNGJAU, HUANG CHORNGCHIH, CHENG HEHSIUNG, CHIEN JAUMIN, CHOU CHIANGTING, LIN KOLONG, LIU SHIUHINN, LU YIHCHAU, CHANG HONGTAI, HUANG JONGKHING, JAN CHUNGREN. Diethylstilbestrol-Induced Estrogen Receptor-Dependent [Ca2+]iRises and Apoptosis in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2008; 28:307-22. [DOI: 10.1080/10799890802092237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schalper KA, Palacios-Prado N, Retamal MA, Shoji KF, Martínez AD, Sáez JC. Connexin hemichannel composition determines the FGF-1-induced membrane permeability and free [Ca2+]i responses. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:3501-13. [PMID: 18495870 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-12-1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell surface hemichannels (HCs) composed of different connexin (Cx) types are present in diverse cells and their possible role on FGF-1-induced cellular responses remains unknown. Here, we show that FGF-1 transiently (4-14 h, maximal at 7 h) increases the membrane permeability through HCs in HeLa cells expressing Cx43 or Cx45 under physiological extracellular Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) concentrations. The effect does not occur in HeLa cells expressing HCs constituted of Cx26 or Cx43 with its C-terminus truncated at aa 257, or in parental nontransfected HeLa cells. The increase in membrane permeability is associated with a rise in HC levels at the cell surface and a proportional increase in HC unitary events. The response requires an early intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration increase, activation of a p38 MAP kinase-dependent pathway, and a regulatory site of Cx subunit C-terminus. The FGF-1-induced rise in membrane permeability is also associated with a late increase in intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration, suggesting that responsive HCs allow Ca(2+) influx. The cell density of Cx26 and Cx43 HeLa transfectants cultured in serum-free medium was differentially affected by FGF-1. Thus, the FGF-1-induced cell permeabilization and derived consequences depend on the Cx composition of HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Schalper
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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