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Tali A, Lekouch N, Ahboucha S. Lambda-cyhalothrin alters locomotion, mood and memory abilities in Swiss mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 188:114680. [PMID: 38677402 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) is a type II pyrethroid widely used in agriculture for plant protection against pests. However, pyrethroids represents a risk for rural female farmworkers, and few studies addressed LCT-behavioural alterations in mice. The present study evaluates the effect of LCT on behaviour of eight weeks aged female mice. Mice were divided into three groups including treated mice that received through gavage (i) 0.5 mg/kg bw and (ii) 2 mg/kg of LCT dissolved in corn oil, and (iii) the vehicle controls. Behavioural tests assess the locomotor activity using open field test, the anxiety by the dark-light box test, the learning memory with novel object recognition test, the memory retention by the elevated plus maze test, and the spatial working memory using the Y-maze test. Subacute treatment with low doses of LCT decreases total distance travelled, induces anxiogenic effect by reducing the time spent in the enlightened compartment, alters memory retention by increasing the latency time, and also affects learning memory by reducing the recognition index parameter. However, LCT does not significantly alter spatial working memory. In conclusion, LCT-treated female mice show an alteration in locomotor activity, mood state and memory abilities probably related to oxidative stress and altered neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assmaa Tali
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Research and Innovation (MLRI), Research Team: Technological Applications, Environmental Resources and Health, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, PB, 145-25000, Morocco
| | - Nadra Lekouch
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd: Moulay Abdellah, BP, 2390-40001, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Samir Ahboucha
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Research and Innovation (MLRI), Research Team: Technological Applications, Environmental Resources and Health, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, PB, 145-25000, Morocco.
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2
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Arsuffi-Marcon R, Souza LG, Santos-Miranda A, Joviano-Santos JV. Neurotoxicity of Pyrethroids in neurodegenerative diseases: From animals' models to humans' studies. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 391:110911. [PMID: 38367681 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with diverse symptoms, both motor and mental. Genetic and environmental factors can trigger neurodegenerative diseases. Chemicals as pesticides are constantly used in agriculture and also domestically. In this regard, pyrethroids (PY), are a class of insecticides in which its main mechanism of action is through disruption of voltage-dependent sodium channels function in insects. However, in mammals, they can also induce oxidative stress and enzyme dysfunction. This review investigates the association between PY and neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, Parkinson's, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Autism in animal models and humans. Published works using specific and non-specific models for these diseases were selected. We showed a tendency toward the development and/or aggravating of these neurodegenerative diseases following exposure to PYs. In animal models, the biochemical mechanisms of the diseases and their interaction with the insecticides are more deeply investigated. Nonetheless, only a few studies considered the specific model for each type of disease to analyze the impacts of the exposure. The choice of a specific model during the research is an important step and our review highlights the knowledge gaps of PYs effects using these models reinforcing the importance of them during the design of the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Arsuffi-Marcon
- Center for Mathematics, Computing, and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo Do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lizandra Gomes Souza
- Center for Mathematics, Computing, and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo Do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Artur Santos-Miranda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Julliane V Joviano-Santos
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Investigações NeuroCardíacas, Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (LINC CMMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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3
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Li HR, Fu XH, Song LL, Cen MQ, Wu J. Association between pyrethroid exposure and risk of depressive symptoms in the general US adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:685-698. [PMID: 35904735 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between pyrethroid exposure and the risk of depressive symptoms in adults in the USA. Data of participants aged ≥20 years (n = 6455) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2007-2014) were included. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), an adequately detected pyrethroid metabolite, was used as a biomarker to assess pyrethroid exposure. Depressive symptoms were defined as the Patient's Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) total score ≥10 or use of antidepressant. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between urinary 3-PBA levels and the risk of depressive symptoms. In this study, 1150 participants (weighted frequency, 18.45%) developed depressive symptoms. Participants in the highest tertile have a higher risk of depressive symptoms than those in the lowest tertile of urinary 3-PBA and weighted OR of 1.28 (95% CI, 1.00-1.63, P=0.019). There was a nonlinear association between urinary 3-PBA and depressive symptoms (P for nonlinearity = 0.034). Mediation analysis showed the mediating effect of trouble sleeping on the association of urinary 3-PBA with depressive symptoms was 28.8% (P = 0.006). Our findings indicate that pyrethroid exposure is associated with the increased risk of depressive symptoms, and trouble sleeping may mediated this association. Further studies should be conducted to validate our findings and elucidate their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ru Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xi-Hang Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ling-Ling Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Man-Qiu Cen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Costas-Ferreira C, Faro LRF. Systematic Review of Calcium Channels and Intracellular Calcium Signaling: Relevance to Pesticide Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13376. [PMID: 34948173 PMCID: PMC8704302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides of different chemical classes exert their toxic effects on the nervous system by acting on the different regulatory mechanisms of calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis. Pesticides have been shown to alter Ca2+ homeostasis, mainly by increasing its intracellular concentration above physiological levels. The pesticide-induced Ca2+ overload occurs through two main mechanisms: the entry of Ca2+ from the extracellular medium through the different types of Ca2+ channels present in the plasma membrane or its release into the cytoplasm from intracellular stocks, mainly from the endoplasmic reticulum. It has also been observed that intracellular increases in the Ca2+ concentrations are maintained over time, because pesticides inhibit the enzymes involved in reducing its levels. Thus, the alteration of Ca2+ levels can lead to the activation of various signaling pathways that generate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and, finally, neuronal death. In this review, we also discuss some proposed strategies to counteract the detrimental effects of pesticides on Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilian R. F. Faro
- Departamento de Biología Funcional y Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
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5
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Pitzer EM, Williams MT, Vorhees CV. Effects of pyrethroids on brain development and behavior: Deltamethrin. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 87:106983. [PMID: 33848594 PMCID: PMC8440325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DLM) is a Type II pyrethroid pesticide widely used in agriculture, homes, public spaces, and medicine. Epidemiological studies report that increased pyrethroid exposure during development is associated with neurobehavioral disorders. This raises concern about the safety of these chemicals for children. Few animal studies have explored the long-term effects of developmental exposure to DLM on the brain. Here we review the CNS effects of pyrethroids, with emphasis on DLM. Current data on behavioral and cognitive effects after developmental exposure are emphasized. Although, the acute mechanisms of action of DLM are known, how these translate to long-term effects is only beginning to be understood. But existing data clearly show there are lasting effects on locomotor activity, acoustic startle, learning and memory, apoptosis, and dopamine in mice and rats after early exposure. The most consistent neurochemical findings are reductions in the dopamine transporter and the dopamine D1 receptor. The data show that DLM is developmentally neurotoxic but more research on its mechanisms of long-term effects is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Pitzer
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America; Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States of America.
| | - Michael T Williams
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
| | - Charles V Vorhees
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
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6
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Ogut E, Sekerci R, Akcay G, Yildirim FB, Derin N, Aslan M, Sati L. Protective effects of syringic acid on neurobehavioral deficits and hippocampal tissue damages induced by sub-chronic deltamethrin exposure. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2019; 76:106839. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2019.106839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
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7
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Ogut E, Sekerci R, Akcay G, Yildirim FB, Derin N, Aslan M, Sati L. Protective effects of syringic acid on neurobehavioral deficits and hippocampal tissue damages induced by sub-chronic deltamethrin exposure. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2019; 76:106839. [PMID: 31644947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2019.106839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the field of insecticide exposure have led to a renewed interest in alternative antioxidant therapy. The present study was to investigate the neuroprotective role of syringic acid (SA, 25 mg/kg/day) on the neurotoxicity and oxidative damage induced by deltamethrin (DTM, 1.28 mg/kg/day during two months) in CA1/3 pyramidal neurons. Animals were divided into 4 groups (n = 16/group) (250-270 g) for control, DTM, SA and DTM + SA. DTM and SA were administered by oral gavage daily. Rats that were given sub-chronic DTM had revealed a significant increase in caspase-3 levels, impaired recognition memory, reduced antioxidant activity and enhanced free radicals in the hippocampus. The results showed that SA ameliorated neurobehavioral alterations, reduced reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, pyknosis in the CA1/3 and increased antioxidant enzyme activity. In conclusion, SA (25 mg/kg/day) had potential neuroprotective and therapeutic impacts against sub-chronic DTM exposure via its antioxidant and antiapoptotic efficacy. Therefore, it can be used as a neuroprotective natural plant-derived agent against DTM-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Ogut
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul 34734, Turkey.
| | - Rahime Sekerci
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Guven Akcay
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Fatos Belgin Yildirim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Narin Derin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Leyla Sati
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
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8
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Varró P, Kovács M, Világi I. The insecticide esfenvalerate modulates neuronal excitability in mammalian central nervous system in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2017; 267:39-44. [PMID: 28007640 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are neurotoxic insecticides showing significant selective toxicity on insects over mammals, but effects on mammalian nervous system are not negligible. These substances act on the voltage-gated sodium channel, prolonging the duration of the open state. The present study focused on the effect of the pyrethroid esfenvalerate on the excitability of neuronal networks in vitro. From isolated rat brain slices, neocortical and hippocampal evoked field potentials were recorded; four concentrations (5-40μM) of esfenvalerate were tested using in vitro administration of the commercial product Sumi-Alpha 5 EC®. Basic excitability and short- and long-term synaptic plasticity were studied. Application of the lowest concentration elicited epileptiform discharges in neocortex, while the highest concentration exerted a strong inhibitory effect on the excitability of both brain areas. The amplitude of population spikes in hippocampal slices was decreased by all applied concentrations. Significant decrease in basic excitability was accompanied by increase of paired-pulse facilitation in hippocampus and decreased efficacy of the development of long-term potentiation in both regions. Pyrethroids have been scarcely studied on brain slices so far, but our results are in concordance with literary data obtained on other in vitro neuronal test systems. It has been described previously that lower concentrations of pyrethroids lead to overexcitation of neurons and repetitive firing (which is in the background of hyperexcitatory symptoms occurring in case of in vivo exposure). Higher concentrations, however, may lead to depolarization block and to inhibition of neuronal firing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Varró
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Melinda Kovács
- MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Guba Sándor utca 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Világi
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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9
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Hossain MM, Liu J, Richardson JR. Pyrethroid Insecticides Directly Activate Microglia Through Interaction With Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. Toxicol Sci 2016; 155:112-123. [PMID: 27655349 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are considered to be the resident immune cells of the central nervous system and contribute significantly to ongoing neuroinflammation in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, we and others identified that voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) are present on microglia cells and contribute to excessive accumulation of intracellular Na+ and release of major pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Based on this finding and the fact that pyrethroid pesticides act on VGSC, we hypothesized that exposure of microglia to the pyrethroid pesticides, permethrin and deltamethrin, would activate microglia and increase the release of TNF-α. BV2 cells or primary microglia were treated with 0-5 µM deltamethrin or permethrin in the presence or absence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a VGSC blocker for 24-48 h. Both pyrethroids caused a rapid Na+ influx and increased accumulation of intracellular sodium [(Na+)i] in the microglia in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was significantly reduced by TTX. Furthermore, deltamethrin and permethrin increased the release of TNF-α in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was significantly reduced by pre-treatment of cells with TTX. These results demonstrate that pyrethroid pesticides may directly activate microglial cells through their interaction with microglial VGSC. Because neuroinflammation plays a key role in many neurodegenerative diseases, these data provide an additional mechanism by which exposure to pyrethroid insecticides may contribute to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M Hossain
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Jason Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
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Vester A, Caudle WM. The Synapse as a Central Target for Neurodevelopmental Susceptibility to Pesticides. TOXICS 2016; 4:toxics4030018. [PMID: 29051423 PMCID: PMC5606656 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The developmental period of the nervous system is carefully orchestrated and highly vulnerable to alterations. One crucial factor of a properly-functioning nervous system is the synapse, as synaptic signaling is critical for the formation and maturation of neural circuits. Studies show that genetic and environmental impacts can affect diverse components of synaptic function. Importantly, synaptic dysfunction is known to be associated with neurologic and psychiatric disorders, as well as more subtle cognitive, psychomotor, and sensory defects. Given the importance of the synapse in numerous domains, we wanted to delineate the effects of pesticide exposure on synaptic function. In this review, we summarize current epidemiologic and molecular studies that demonstrate organochlorine, organophosphate, and pyrethroid pesticide exposures target the developing synapse. We postulate that the synapse plays a central role in synaptic vulnerability to pesticide exposure during neurodevelopment, and the synapse is a worthy candidate for investigating more subtle effects of chronic pesticide exposure in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Vester
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - W Michael Caudle
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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11
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Michael Caudle W. This can't be stressed enough: The contribution of select environmental toxicants to disruption of the stress circuitry and response. Physiol Behav 2015; 166:65-75. [PMID: 26409212 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Integration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the limbic system through glucocorticoid signaling is imperative in initiating and regulating a suitable stress response following real or perceived threats. Dysfunction of these circuits that results in a persistent or inhibited glucocorticoid secretion can severely affect processing of stressful experiences and lead to risk for developing further psychiatric pathology. Exposure to toxic chemicals found in our environment, including pesticides, metals, and industrial compounds, have been shown to have significant impact on neurological health and disease. Indeed, studies have begun to identify the HPA axis and limbic system as potential targets of many of these environmental chemicals, suggesting a possible environmental risk for damage to the stress circuit and response to stressful stimuli. This review will focus on our current understanding of the impact exposure to environmental toxicants, including bisphenol A and lead, has on the synaptic physiology of the HPA axis and limbic system and how this contributes to an alteration in behavior output. Further, this discussion will provide a starting point to continue to couple novel toxicological and neurological approaches to elaborate our understanding of the influence of environmental chemicals on the stress response and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Michael Caudle
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322-3090, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322-3090, USA.
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12
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Effect of Gestational Exposure of Cypermethrin on Postnatal Development of Brain Cytochrome P450 2D1 and 3A1 and Neurotransmitter Receptors. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:741-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Cao D, Chen N, Zhu C, Zhao Y, Liu L, Yang J, An L. β-cypermethrin-induced acute neurotoxicity in the cerebral cortex of mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 38:44-9. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2014.900072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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Guvenc D, Aksoy A, Gacar A, Atmaca E, Das KY, Guvenc T. Evaluation of changes in monoamine levels and apoptosis induced by cyfluthrin in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00041b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate monoamine and mitochondrial cytochrome c levels and lipid peroxidation in adult male rats treated with cyfluthrin (14 mg kg−1dose; approximately 1/10 of the LD50value) for 14 days. This study also examined cyfluthrin induced-apoptosisviathe signaling proteins Bcl-2, caspase-9 and caspase-3, and possible anti-apoptotic effects of Alfa-basic crystallin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Guvenc
- University of Ondokuz Mayis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Aksoy
- University of Ondokuz Mayis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Gacar
- University of Ondokuz Mayis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Department of Pathology
- Samsun, Turkey
| | - Enes Atmaca
- University of Ondokuz Mayis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kursad Y. Das
- University of Ondokuz Mayis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Samsun, Turkey
| | - Tolga Guvenc
- University of Ondokuz Mayis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Department of Pathology
- Samsun, Turkey
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15
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Han Y, Cao D, Li X, Zhang R, Yu F, Ren Y, An L. Attenuation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase activity contributes to GABA increase in the cerebral cortex of mice exposed to β-cypermethrin. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:317-24. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327113497770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and GABA metabolic enzymes (GABA transaminase (GABAT) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)) activities at 2 and 4 h after treatment, using a high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detectors and colorimetric assay, in the cerebral cortex of mice treated with 20, 40 or 80 mg/kg β-cypermethrin by a single oral gavage, with corn oil as vehicle control. In addition, GABA protein (4 h after treatment), GABAT protein (2 h after treatment) and GABA receptors messenger RNA (mRNA) expression were detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, respectively. β-Cypermethrin (80 mg/kg) significantly increased GABA levels in the cerebral cortex of mice, at both 2 and 4 h after treatment, compared with the control. Also, GABA immunohistochemistry results suggested that the number of positive granules was increased in the cerebral cortex of mice 4 h after exposure to 80 mg/kg β-cypermethrin when compared with the control. Furthermore, the results also showed that GABAT activity detected was significantly decreased in the cerebral cortex of mice 2 h after β-cypermethrin administration (40 or 80 mg/kg). No significant changes were found in GAD activity, or the expression of GABAT protein and GABAB receptors mRNA, in the cerebral cortex of mice, except that 80 mg/kg β-cypermethrin caused a significant decrease, compared with the vehicle control, in GABAA receptors mRNA expression 4 h after administration. These results suggested that attenuated GABAT activity induced by β-cypermethrin contributed to increased GABA levels in the mouse brain. The downregulated GABAA receptors mRNA expression is most likely a downstream event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Han
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - D Cao
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University. Tianjin, China
| | - X Li
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - R Zhang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - F Yu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Y Ren
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - L An
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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16
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Fliegel S, Brand I, Spanagel R, Noori HR. Ethanol-induced alterations of amino acids measured by in vivo microdialysis in rats: a meta-analysis. In Silico Pharmacol 2013; 1:7. [PMID: 25505652 PMCID: PMC4230485 DOI: 10.1186/2193-9616-1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In recent years in vivo microdialysis has become an important method in research studies investigating the alterations of neurotransmitters in the extracellular fluid of the brain. Based on the major involvement of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in mediating a variety of alcohol effects in the mammalian brain, numerous microdialysis studies have focused on the dynamical behavior of these systems in response to alcohol. METHODS Here we performed multiple meta-analyses on published datasets from the rat brain: (i) we studied basal extracellular concentrations of glutamate and GABA in brain regions that belong to a neurocircuitry involved in neuropsychiatric diseases, especially in alcoholism (Noori et al., Addict Biol 17:827-864, 2012); (ii) we examined the effect of acute ethanol administration on glutamate and GABA levels within this network and (iii) we studied alcohol withdrawal-induced alterations in glutamate and GABA levels within this neurocircuitry. RESULTS For extraction of basal concentrations of these neurotransmitters, datasets of 6932 rats were analyzed and the absolute basal glutamate and GABA levels were estimated for 18 different brain sites. In response to different doses of acute ethanol administration, datasets of 529 rats were analyzed and a non-linear dose response (glutamate and GABA release) relationship was observed in several brain sites. Specifically, glutamate in the nucleus accumbens shows a decreasing logarithmic dose response curve. Finally, regression analysis of 11 published reports employing brain microdialysis experiments in 104 alcohol-dependent rats reveals very consistent augmented extracellular glutamate and GABA levels in various brain sites that correlate with the intensity of the withdrawal response were identified. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results provide standardized basal values for future experimental and in silico studies on neurotransmitter release in the rat brain and may be helpful to understand the effect of ethanol on neurotransmitter release. Furthermore, this study illustrates the benefit of meta-analyses using the generalization of a wide range of preclinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fliegel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ines Brand
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hamid R Noori
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
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Hossain MM, Suzuki T, Richardson JR, Kobayashi H. Acute effects of pyrethroids on serotonin release in the striatum of awake rats: an in vivo microdialysis study. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2012; 27:150-6. [PMID: 23132818 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the acute neurotoxic effects of three different pyrethroids, allethrin, cyhalothrin, and deltamethrin on the release of serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the striatum of conscious rats using microdialysis. Allethrin 10 mg/kg reduced extracellular levels of 5-HT to 46%, whereas 20 and 60 mg/kg increased the release to 177% and 243% of baseline, respectively. Cyhalothrin increased 5-HT release to 145-204% and deltamethrin decreased to 58-32% of baseline in a dose-dependent manner. None of the pyrethroids tested altered extracellular levels of 5-HIAA. Local infusion of the voltage-gated sodium channel antagonist tetrodotoxin (TTX) into striatum completely prevented the effects of allethrin, cyhalothrin, and deltamethrin (10 and 20 mg/kg) on 5-HT release. The effect of deltamethrin at 60 mg/kg was completely abolished by striatal infusion of nimodipine (L-type Ca⁺⁺ channel antagonist) with TTX. These findings suggest that pyrethroids disrupt the serotonergic neurotransmission in striatum in a dose-related manner with Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ channel-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M Hossain
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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18
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Abstract
The ability to clone, express, and electrophysiologically measure currents carried by voltage-gated ion channels has allowed a detailed assessment of the action of pyrethroids on various target proteins.Recently, the heterologous expression of various rat brain voltage-gated sodium channel isoforms in Xenopus laevis oocytes has determined a wide range of sensitivities to the pyrethroids, with some channels virtually insensitive and others highly sensitive. Furthermore, some isoforms show selective sensitivity to certain pyrethroids and this selectivity can be altered in a state-dependent manner. Additionally, some rat brain isoforms are apparently more sensitive to pyrethroids than the corresponding human isoform. These finding may have significant relevance in judging the merit and value of assessing the risk of pyrethroid exposures to humans using toxicological studies done in rat.Other target sites for certain pyrethroids include the voltage-gated calcium and chloride channels. Of particular interest is the increased effect of Type II pyrethroids on certain phosphoforms of the N-type Ca(v)2.2 calcium channel following post-translational modification and its relationship to enhanced neurotransmitter release seen in vivo.Lastly, parallel neurobehavioral and mechanistic studies on three target sites suggest that a fundamental difference exists between the action of Types I and II pyrethroids, both on a functional and molecular level. These differences should be considered in any future risk evaluation of the pyrethroids.
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Cao Z, Shafer TJ, Murray TF. Mechanisms of pyrethroid insecticide-induced stimulation of calcium influx in neocortical neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 336:197-205. [PMID: 20881019 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.171850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides bind to voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and modify their gating kinetics, thereby disrupting neuronal function. Pyrethroids have also been reported to alter the function of other channel types, including activation of voltage-gated calcium channels. Therefore, the present study compared the ability of 11 structurally diverse pyrethroids to evoke Ca(2+) influx in primary cultures of mouse neocortical neurons. Nine pyrethroids (tefluthrin, deltamethrin, λ-cyhalothrin, β-cyfluthrin, esfenvalerate, S-bioallethrin, fenpropathrin, cypermethrin, and bifenthrin) produced concentration-dependent elevations in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in neocortical neurons. Permethrin and resmethrin were without effect on [Ca(2+)](i). These pyrethroids displayed a range of efficacies on Ca(2+) influx; however, the EC(50) values for active pyrethroids all were within one order of magnitude. Tetrodotoxin blocked increases in [Ca(2+)](i) caused by all nine active pyrethroids, indicating that the effects depended on VGSC activation. The pathways for deltamethrin- and tefluthrin-induced Ca(2+) influx include N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors, L-type Ca(2+) channels, and reverse mode of operation of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger inasmuch as antagonists of these sites blocked deltamethrin-induced Ca(2+) influx. These data demonstrate that pyrethroids stimulate Ca(2+) entry into neurons subsequent to their actions on VGSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Deng Y, Xu Z, Xu B, Tian Y, Deng X, Xin X, Gao J. Excitotoxicity in rat's brain induced by exposure of manganese and neuroprotective effects of pinacidil and nimodipine. Biol Trace Elem Res 2009; 131:143-53. [PMID: 19300915 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8361-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element for humans. However, manganism would be caused by excessive Mn. The mechanisms underlying excitotoxicity induced by manganism are poorly understood. As it is known to us, glutamate (Glu) is the most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitter. To determine the possible role of dysfunction of Glu transportation and metabolism in Mn-induced excitotoxicity, the rats were ip injected with different dose of MnCl(2) (0, 50, 100, and 200 micromol/kg), the levels of Mn and activities of GS, PAG, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, and Ca(2+)-ATPase in striatum were investigated. In addition, effect of 20.38 micromol/kg pinacidil (K(+) channel opener) or 2.4 micromol/kg nimodipine (Ca(2+) channel blocker) were studied at 200 micromol/kg MnCl(2). With dose-dependent inhibition of GS, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities, increase of Mn levels and PAG activity were observed. Further investigation indicated that pre-treatment of pinacidil or nimodipine reversed toxic effect of MnCl(2) significantly. These results suggested that MnCl(2) could induce dysfunction of Glu transportation and metabolism by augmenting the excitotoxicity dose-dependently; pinacidil and nimodipine might antagonize manganese neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deng
- Department of environmental health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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MORIKAWA T, FURUHAMA K. Effects of the NMDA Receptor Antagonists on Deltamethrin-Induced Striatal Dopamine Release in Conscious Unrestrained Rats. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:1129-32. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya MORIKAWA
- Division of the Veterinary Basic Medicine, Veterinary Medicine Academic Group, Iwate University
| | - Kazuhisa FURUHAMA
- Division of the Veterinary Basic Medicine, Veterinary Medicine Academic Group, Iwate University
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