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Nayak S, Borse S, Jha S, Mehta VN, Murthy ZVP, Park TJ, Kailasa SK. Development of Copper Nanoclusters-Based Turn-Off Nanosensor for Fluorescence Detection of Two Pyrethroid Pesticides (Cypermethrin and Lambda-Cyhalothrin). J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03537-0. [PMID: 38109031 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) were synthesized by using Withania somnifera (W. somnifera) plant extract as a biotemplate. Aqueous dispersion of W. somnifera-Cu NCs displays intense emission peak at 458 nm upon excitation at 350 nm. This fluorescence emission was utilized for the detection of two pyrethroid pesticides (cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin) via "turn-off" mechanism. Upon the addition of two pyrethiod pesticides independently, the fluorescence emission of W. somnifera-Cu NCs was gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of both pesticides. It was noticed that the decrease in emission intensity at 458 nm was linearly dependent on the logarithm of both pesticides concentrations in the ranges of 0.01-100 μM and of 0.05-100 μM for cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. Consequently, the limits of detection were found to be 27.06 and 23.28 nM for cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. The as-fabricated W. somnifera-Cu NCs acted as a facile sensor for the analyses of cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin in vegetables (tomato and bottle gourd), which demonstrates that it could be used as portable sensing platform for assaying of two pyrethroid pesticides in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyaprakash Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395 007, India
| | - Shraddha Borse
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395 007, India
| | - Sanjay Jha
- ASPEE SHAKILAM Biotechnology Institute, Navsari Agricultural University, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Vaibhavkumar N Mehta
- ASPEE SHAKILAM Biotechnology Institute, Navsari Agricultural University, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Z V P Murthy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395 007, India
| | - Tae Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395 007, India.
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2
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Pathan ARK, Jakhar BL, Dhaka SR, Nitharwal M, Jatav HS, Dudwal RG, Yadav AK, Choudhary SK, Gauttam V, Rajput VD, Minkina T. Persistence and dissipation kinetics of novaluron 9.45% + lambda-cyhalothrin 1.9% ZC insecticides in tomato crop under semi-arid region. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:9293-9302. [PMID: 36645625 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, fate studies of pesticides have been a topic of interest worldwide due to human health concerns tomato, contain abundant nutritional phytochemicals and lycopene which is known for antioxidant. Tomato is susceptible to many pest, so to overcome from these pests many insecticides are used, leaving residual effects on the crop. So to find out the persistence, the present study was carried out to investigate the residual levels and dissipation behaviour of novaluron 9.45% + lambda-cyhalothrin 1.9% ZC in tomato crop during Rabi session of 2017-18 in randomized block design. The first spray of insecticide was done at fruit formation stage and second spray at 10-day interval at recommended dose @43.31 g a.i. ha-1 and double of recommended dose @86.62 g a.i. ha-1. The residue of novaluron determined by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) on 0 day (two hours after spraying) was 0.154 ppm at lower dose and 0.234 ppm at higher dose. The residue of lambda-cyhalothrin determined by GC ECD (gas chromatography electron capture detector) at 0 day (two hours after spraying) was 0.451 ppm at lower dose and 0.849 ppm at higher dose. The deposition of novaluron 9.45% + lambda-cyhalothrin 1.9% ZC was gradually decreased with increasing days after spraying (DAS). The mean initial deposition of the pesticide novaluron and lambda-cyhalothrin was recorded as 0.154 mg/kg, 0.451 mg/kg, respectively, at the recommended dose @43.31 g a.i. ha-1 while at double of recommended dose @86.62 g a.i. ha-1 novaluron and lambda-cyhalothrin, the mean initial deposition of 0.234 mg/kg and 0.849 mg/kg was recorded, respectively. The residue of the novaluron and lambda-cyhalothrin was at BDL (below determination level) (0.01 and 0.05 ppm) on 5th and 7th day, respectively, at lower dose (x), whereas at higher dose (2x) it was below determination level on 7th and 10th day, respectively. In soil samples, the residue levels were at below the determination level (0.01 mg/kg) for novaluron and (0.05 mg/kg) for lambda-cyhalothrin at both doses. The half-life DT50 of novaluron and lambda-cyhalothrin in the tomato fruit was found to be 2 days at recommended dose (X) @43.31 g a.i. ha-1 for both the pesticide and at double of the recommended dose @86.62 g a.i. ha-1 it was 3 and 2 days, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhanwar Lal Jakhar
- Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, 302018, India
| | - Shish Ram Dhaka
- Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, 302018, India
| | - Mukesh Nitharwal
- Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, 302018, India
| | | | - Ram Gopal Dudwal
- Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, 302018, India
| | - Amit Kumar Yadav
- Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, 302018, India
| | | | - Vishnu Gauttam
- Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, 302018, India
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Xu X, Yu Y, Ling M, Ares I, Martínez M, Lopez-Torres B, Maximiliano JE, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity: A comprehensive review of antioxidant mechanisms. Environ Pollut 2023; 338:122694. [PMID: 37802283 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin, also known as cyhalothrin, is an efficient, broad-spectrum, quick-acting pyrethroid insecticide and acaricide and the most powerful pyrethroid insecticide in the world. However, there is increasing evidence that lambda-cyhalothrin is closely related to a variety of toxicity drawbacks (hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and reproductive toxicity, among others) in non-target organisms, and oxidative stress seems to be the main mechanism of toxicity. This manuscript reviews the oxidative and mitochondrial damage induced by lambda-cyhalothrin and the signalling pathways involved in this process, indicating that oxidative stress occupies an important position in lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity. The mechanism of antioxidants to alleviate the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin is also discussed. In addition, the metabolites of lambda-cyhalothrin and the major metabolic enzymes involved in metabolic reactions are summarized. This review article reveals a key mechanism of lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity-oxidative damage and suggests that the use of antioxidants seems to be an effective method for preventing toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yixin Yu
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Min Ling
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge-Enrique Maximiliano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Ye S, Tian Z, Ma W, Gao X, Chen H, Yang J, Ma C, Zhang Y, Zhou Z. Rapid response of midgut bacteria in Bactrocera tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae) to lambda-cyhalothrin- and spinosad-induced stress. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 265:115502. [PMID: 37742569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the increasingly widespread application of chemical pesticides has exacerbated the emergence of insecticide resistance among insect pests. In this study, we examined the rapid response of bacteria in the midgut of the fruit fly Bactrocera tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae) to stress induced by the insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin and spinosad by analyzing the bacterial community structure and diversity in the midguts of 4-day-old B. tau. The results revealed that 4-day-old B. tau females were more resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin and spinosad than their 4-day-old male counterparts. Alpha- and beta-diversity analyses revealed no significant differences between male and female B. tau with respect to the diversity and richness of gut bacteria in response to the same treatments. In response to treatment with lambda-cyhalothrin and spinosad at lethal concentration 50 (LC50), we detected significant changes in the structure and diversity of the bacterial community in the midguts of both male and female B. tau. Particularly among the dominant bacterial genera, there were decreases in the relative abundances of Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Pectobacterium. Increases were observed in the relative abundances of Dysgonomonas, Erwinia, and Providencia. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for gaining a better understanding of the relationships between midgut bacteria and the insecticide resistance of B. tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Ye
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhenya Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572019, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572019, China; Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572019, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Hongsong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572019, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Jingfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572019, China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572019, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572019, China
| | - Zhongshi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572019, China.
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Cai J, Guan H, Li D, Shi B, Jiang Y, Qiao S, Liu Q, Fang C, Zhang Z. New insights into Microalgal astaxanthin's effect on Lambda-cyhalothrin-induced lymphocytes immunotoxicity in Cyprinus carpio: Involving miRNA-194-5p-FoxO1-mediated-mitophagy and pyroptosis. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 141:109046. [PMID: 37661035 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin (LC), a pyrethroid insecticide widely used in agriculture, causes immunotoxicity to aquatic organisms in the aquatic environment. Microalgal astaxanthin (MA) is a natural carotenoid that enhances viability of a variety of fish. To investigate the immunotoxicity of LC and the improvement effect of MA in lymphocytes (Cyprinus carpio), lymphocytes were treated with LC (80 M) and/or MA (50 M) for 24 h. Firstly, CCK8 combined with PI staining results showed that MA significantly attenuated the LC-induced lymphocyte death rate. Secondly, LC exposure resulted in excessively damaged mitochondrial and mtROS, diminished mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content, which could be improved by MA. Thirdly, MA upregulated the levels of mitophagy-related regulatory factors (Beclin1, LC3, ATG5, Tom20 and Lamp2) induced by LC. Importantly, MA decreased the levels of pyroptosis-related genes treated with LC, including NLRP3, Cas-4, GSDMD and active Cas-1. Further study indicated that LC treatment caused excessive miRNA-194-5p and reduced levels of FoxO1, PINK1 and Parkin, which was inhibited by MA treatment. Overall, we concluded that MA could enhance damaged mitochondrial elimination by promoting the miRNA-194-5p-FoxO1-PINK1/Parkin-mitophagy in lymphocytes, which reduced mtROS accumulation and alleviated pyroptosis. It offers insights into the importance of MA application in aquaculture as well as the defense of farmed fish against agrobiological hazards in fish under LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzeng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, PR China
| | - Haoyue Guan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Di Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Bendong Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Senqiu Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Qiaohan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Cheng Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, PR China.
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Laborde MRR, Larramendy ML, Soloneski S. Cytotoxic and genotoxic profiles of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin and its microformulation Karate® in CHO-K1 cells. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2023; 891:503682. [PMID: 37770139 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and its microformulation Karate® (25 % a.i.) were analysed for its genotoxicity and cytotoxicity on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-cyt) and alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) bioassays were selected to test genotoxicity. Neutral red uptake (NRU), succinic dehydrogenase activity (MTT) and apoptogenic induction were employed for estimating cytotoxicity. Both compounds were analysed within a concentration range of 0.1-100 µg/mL. Only LCT produced a significant augment in the frequency of micronuclei (MNs) when the cultures were exposed to highest concentrations of 10 and 100 µg LCT/mL. A noticeable decrease in NDI was observed for cultures treated with LCT at 10 and 100 µg/mL. Karate® induced the inhibition of both the proportion of viable cells and succinic dehydrogenase activity and triggered apoptosis 24 h of exposition. Whilst an increased GDI in CHO-K1 cells was observed in the treatments with 1-100 µg Karate®/mL, the GDI was not modified in the treatments employing LCT at equivalent doses. SCGE showed that Karate® was more prone to induce genotoxic effects than LCT. Only 50 µg/mL of Karate® was able to increase apoptosis. Our results demonstrate the genomic instability and cytotoxic effects induced by this pyrethroid insecticide, confirming that LCT exposure can result in a severe drawback for the ecological equilibrium of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros R R Laborde
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nº 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Marcelo L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nº 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Sonia Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nº 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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Wang S, Liu X, Tang H, Li M, Gao P, Peng X, Chen M. UGT2B13 and UGT2C1 are involved in lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in Rhopalosiphum padi. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 194:105528. [PMID: 37532337 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are major multifunctional detoxification phase II enzymes involved in the metabolic detoxification of xenobiotics. However, their roles in insecticides resistance are still unclear. In this study, we identified two UGTs genes (UGT2B13 and UGT2C1) in Rhopalosiphum padi, a serious insect pest of wheat worldwide. Bioassays results showed that the resistance ratio of R. padi resistance strain (LC-R) to lambda-cyhalothrin (LC) was 2963.8 fold. The roles of UGT2B13 and UGT2C1 in lambda-cyhalothrin resistance were evaluated. Results indicated that the UGTs contents were significantly increased in the LC resistant strain of R. padi. UGT2B13 and UGT2C1 were significantly overexpressed in the LC-R strain. Transcription levels of UGT2B13 and UGT2C1 were relatively higher in the gut of LC-R strain. RNA interference (RNAi) of UGT2B13 or UGT2C1 significantly decreased the UGTs contents of the LC-R aphids and increased mortality of R. padi exposure to the LC50 concentration of LC. This study provides a new view that UGTs are involved in LC resistance of R. padi. The findings will promote further work to detailed the functions of UGTs in the metabolism resistance of insects to insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongcheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengtian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Maohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China..
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Cai J, Liu P, Zhang X, Shi B, Jiang Y, Qiao S, Liu Q, Fang C, Zhang Z. Micro-algal astaxanthin improves lambda-cyhalothrin-induced necroptosis and inflammatory responses via the ROS-mediated NF-κB signaling in lymphocytes of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023:108929. [PMID: 37414307 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCY) is a widely used toxic pesticide that causes harmful effects on the immune organs of fish and aquatic species. Micro-algal astaxanthin (MAA), a heme pigment found in haematococcus pluvialis, has been shown to benefit antioxidants and immunity in aquaculture. To investigate how MAA protects carp lymphocytes from LCY-induced immunotoxicity, a model of fish lymphocytes treated with LCY and/or MAA was established. Lymphocytes from carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were given LCY (80 μM) and/or MAA (50 μM) as a treatment for a period of 24 h. Firstly, LCY exposure resulted in excessive ROS and malondialdehyde production and reduces antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT), indicating a reduced capacity of the antioxidant system. Secondly, the results of flow cytometry and AO/EB labeling proved that lymphocytes treated with LCY have a larger ratio of necroptosis. In addition, LCY upregulated the levels of necroptosis-related regulatory factors (RIP1, RIP3 and MLKL) via the ROS-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway in lymphocytes. Thirdly, LCY treatment caused increased secretion of inflammatory genes (IL-6, INF-γ, IL-4, IL-1β and TNF-α), leading to immune dysfunction in lymphocytes. Surprisingly, LCY-induced immunotoxicity was inhibited by MAA treatment, indicating that it effectively attenuated the LCY-induced changes described above. Overall, we concluded that MAA treatment could ameliorate LCY-induced necroptosis and immune dysfunction by inhibiting the ROS-mediated NF-κB signaling in lymphocytes. It provides insights into the protection of farmed fish from agrobiological threats in fish under LCY and the value of MAA applications in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzeng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, PR China
| | - Pinnan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Bendong Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shenqiu Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Qiaohan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Cheng Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, PR China.
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Fouzai C, Trabelsi W, Bejaoui S, Marengo M, Ghribi F, Chetoui I, Mili S, Soudani N. Dual oxidative stress and fatty acid profile impacts in Paracentrotus lividus exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin: biochemical and histopathological responses. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:429-441. [PMID: 37398571 PMCID: PMC10313587 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin (λ-cyh) is a potential pyrethroid insecticide widely used in pest control. The presence of pyrethroids in the aquatic ecosystem may induce adverse effects on non-target organisms such as the sea urchin. This study was conducted to assess the toxic effects of λ-cyh on the fatty acid profiles, redox status, and histopathological aspects of Paracentrotus lividus gonads following exposure to three concentrations of λ-cyh (100, 250 and 500 µg/L) for 72 h. The results showed a significant decrease in saturated fatty acid (SFAs) with an increase in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) levels in λ-cyh treated sea urchins. The highest levels in PUFAs were recorded in the eicosapentaenoic acids (C20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acids (C22:6n-3) and arachidonic acids (C20:4n-6) levels. The λ-cyh intoxication promoted oxidative stress with an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels. Furthermore, the enzymatic activities and non-enzymatic antioxidants levels were enhanced in all exposed sea urchins, while the vitamin C levels were decreased in 100 and 500 µg/L treated groups. Our biochemical results have been confirmed by the histopathological observations. Collectively, our findings offered valuable insights into the importance of assessing fatty acids' profiles as a relevant tool in aquatic ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaima Fouzai
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of aquatic organisms, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of aquatic organisms, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Safa Bejaoui
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of aquatic organisms, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Michel Marengo
- Station de Recherche Sous-marines et Océanographiques (STARESO), Calvi, France
| | - Feriel Ghribi
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of aquatic organisms, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Chetoui
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of aquatic organisms, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sami Mili
- Higher institute of fishing and aquaculture of Bizerte, Menzel Jemil Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Nejla Soudani
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of aquatic organisms, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
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10
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Bossou YM, Côté J, Morin É, Dumais É, Bianchi C, Bouchard M. Assessing the impact of coexposure on the measurement of biomarkers of exposure to the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin in agricultural workers. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 251:114194. [PMID: 37290330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There are few published data on the impact of combined exposure to multiple pesticides (coexposure) on levels of biomarkers of exposure in workers, which may alter their toxicokinetics and thus the interpretation of biomonitoring data. This study aimed to assess the impact of coexposure to two pesticides with shared metabolism pathways on levels of biomarkers of exposure to pyrethroid pesticides in agricultural workers. The pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and the fungicide captan were used as sentinel pesticides, since they are widely sprayed concomitantly in agricultural crops. Eighty-seven (87) workers assigned to different tasks (application, weeding, picking) were recruited. The recruited workers provided two-consecutive 24-h urine collections following an episode of lambda-cyhalothrin application alone or in combination with captan or following tasks in the treated fields, as well as a control collection. Concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin metabolites - 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (CFMP) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) - were measured in the samples. Potential determinants of exposure established in a previous study, including the task performed and personal factors were documented by questionnaire. Multivariate analyses showed that coexposure did not have a statistically significant effect on the observed urinary levels of 3-PBA (Exp(β) (95% confidence interval (95% CI)): 0.94 (0.78-1.13)) and CFMP (1.10 (0.93-1.30). The repeated biological measurements ("time variable") - defined as the within-subjects variable - was a significant predictor of observed biological levels of 3-PBA and CFMP; the within-subjects variance (Exp(β) (95% (95% CI)) for 3-PBA and CFMP was 1.11 (1.09-3.49) and 1.25 (1.20-1.31). Only the main occupational task was associated with urinary levels of 3-PBA and CFMP. Compared to the weeding or picking task, the pesticide application task was associated with higher urinary 3-PBA and CFMP concentrations. In sum, coexposure to agricultural pesticides in the strawberry fields did not increase pyrethroid biomarker concentrations at the exposure levels observed in the studied workers. The study also confirmed previous data suggesting that applicators were more exposed than workers assigned to field tasks such as weeding and picking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yélian Marc Bossou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Côté
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Éloïse Morin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Étienne Dumais
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Clara Bianchi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michèle Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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11
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Liu XY, Sun HM, Luo YH, Li MY, Liu HB, Liu S. Identification of 14 glutathione S-transferase genes from Lasioderma serricorne and characterization of LsGSTe1 involved in lambda-cyhalothrin detoxification. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 193:105425. [PMID: 37248003 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In insects, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a pivotal role in the detoxification of a wide range of pesticides. The cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne, is an economically important pest insect of stored products. Recently, pyrethroid insecticides have been used to control this pest. However, little is known concerning the responses and functions of GSTs in L. serricorne under pyrethroid exposure. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed on L. serricorne, and a total of 14 GSTs were identified by retrieving the unigene dataset. Of these, 13 predicted GSTs fell into six cytosolic classes, namely, delta, epsilon, omega, sigma, theta, and zeta, and one was assigned to an "unclassified" group. The GST genes were differentially expressed in various larval tissues and at different developmental stages. Exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) caused oxidative stress in L. serricorne larvae and led to significantly elevated expression levels of six genes, among which LsGSTe1 was the most upregulated. Recombinant LsGSTE1 protein displayed LCT-metabolizing activity. Furthermore, LsGSTE1 protects cells against oxidative stress. Moreover, knockdown of LsGSTe1 by RNA interference dramatically increased the susceptibility of L. serricorne larvae to LCT treatment. The results from this study provide sequence resources and expression data for GST genes in L. serricorne. Our findings indicate that LsGSTE1 plays a dual role in LCT detoxification by metabolizing the pesticide and by preventing LCT-induced oxidative stress. Thus, the LsGSTe1 gene could be used as a potential target for sustainable management of the cigarette beetle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ya Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hui-Mei Sun
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yi-Hong Luo
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mao-Ye Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hai-Bing Liu
- Department of Science and Technology, Sichuan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Su Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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12
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O'Reilly AD, Stanley DA. Solitary bee behaviour and pollination service delivery is differentially impacted by neonicotinoid and pyrethroid insecticides. Sci Total Environ 2023:164399. [PMID: 37245806 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Solitary bees are important pollinators of crops and wild plants, and their decline poses a risk to the sustained provision of the services they provide. Although evidence suggests that exposure to insecticides can affect bees, most pesticide research and risk assessment has focussed on social bees and mortality while solitary species are understudied. The ability to forage is critical for solitary bee reproduction, also in how they deliver pollination services, and we know little about how insecticides can impact these behaviours. We exposed solitary red mason bees (Osmia bicornis) to field realistic levels of two widely used insecticides with differing modes of action (lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid) and acetamiprid (neonicotinoid)), in a semi-field setting over multiple rounds of exposure. We then tested impacts on bee behaviour and pollination in apples, an important global insect-pollinated crop. Pollination by insecticide-treated bees reduced apple production by up to 86 % depending on the compound and the number of exposures, but the underlying mechanism behind this remains unclear and should be investigated further. Other measurements of pollination services including number of seeds per apple and stigma pollen deposition showed no relationship with pesticide treatment. Bee foraging behaviour was also affected by treatment where both insecticides appear to induce an excitatory effect which was constant for acetamiprid and eventually ceased for lambda-cyhalothrin after multiple exposures. This suggests that both neonicotinoid and non‑neonicotinoid insecticides can potentially affect behaviour and pollination services of solitary bees depending on how often they are exposed, which is particularly important given the changing usage patterns of these compound classes based on regulations around their use. This highlights the importance of moving insecticide risk assessment towards more field realistic scenarios and including sublethal effects on solitary and social bees, in addition to considering repeated exposures of bees to pesticides as is realistic in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison D O'Reilly
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Dara A Stanley
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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13
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Kumari A, Srivastava A, Jagdale P, Ayanur A, Khanna VK. Lambda-cyhalothrin enhances inflammation in nigrostriatal region in rats: Regulatory role of NF-κβ and JAK-STAT signaling. Neurotoxicology 2023; 96:101-117. [PMID: 37060950 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The risk to develop neurobehavioural abnormalities in humans on exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) - a type II synthetic pyrethroid has enhanced significantly due to its extensive uses in agriculture, homes, veterinary practices and public health programs. Earlier, we found that the brain dopaminergic system is vulnerable to LCT and affects motor functions in rats. In continuation to this, the present study is focused to unravel the role of neuroinflammation in LCT-induced neurotoxicity in substantia nigra and corpus striatum in rats. Increase in the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF- α, IL-1β, IL-6) and iNOS whereas decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) was distinct both in substantia nigra and corpus striatum of rats treated with LCT (0.5, 1.0, 3.0 mg/kg body weight, p.o, for 45 days) as compared to control rats. Further, LCT-treated rats exhibited increased levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), the glial marker proteins both in substantia nigra and corpus striatum as compared to controls. Exposure of rats to LCT also caused alterations in the levels of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and mRNA expression of toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) in the substantia nigra and corpus striatum. An increase in the phosphorylation of key proteins involved in NF-kβ (P65, Iκβ, IKKα, IKKβ) and JAK/STAT (STAT1, STAT3) signaling and alteration in the protein levels of JAK1 and JAK2 was prominent in LCT-treated rats. Histological studies revealed damage of dopaminergic neurons and reactive gliosis as evidenced by the presence of darkly stained pyknotic neurons and decrease in Nissl substance and an increase in infiltration of immune cells both in substantia nigra and corpus striatum of LCT-treated rats. Presence of reactive microglia and astrocytes in LCT-treated rats was also distinct in ultrastructural studies. The results exhibit that LCT may damage dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and corpus striatum by inducing inflammation as a result of stimulation of neuroglial cells involving activation of NF-κβ and JAK/STAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anima Kumari
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Area - Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anugya Srivastava
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Area - Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pankaj Jagdale
- Central Pathology Laboratory, Area - Regulatory Toxicology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjaneya Ayanur
- Central Pathology Laboratory, Area - Regulatory Toxicology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Khanna
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Area - Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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14
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Yang D, Sun X, Wei X, Zhang B, Fan X, Du H, Zhu R, Oh Y, Gu N. Lambda-cyhalothrin induces lipid accumulation in mouse liver is associated with AMPK inactivation. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 172:113563. [PMID: 36529352 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) is a critical synthetic Type II pyrethroid insecticide widely applied. Several studies suggest pyrethroids could induce fat accumulation, promote adipogenesis, and impair liver function. Now, the influences of LCT on the hepatic lipid metabolism and the cellular mechanism is still unknown. AMPK has important function in regulating cellular energy balance. To indicate the potential pathogenesis of liver injury caused by LCT exposure, ICR mice were orally administrated with LCT at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg. The results suggest that LCT induced obesity, dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis. In addition, LCT also induced oxidative stress, liver function injury, and disorganized structure of the liver. Furthermore, upregulation of PPARγ, FASN, and SREBP1c expression, as well as reduction of PPARα and FGF21 expression, bringing with decreases of phosphorylated ratios of AMPK and ACC were found in LCT-L group. These results indicate that LCT at 0.4 mg/kg could result in dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in mice. In addition, activation of AMPK in hepatocytes effectively attenuated the effects of LCT. The detailed mechanism of LCT-induced hepatic steatosis is associated with AMPK and its downsteam genes. Activation of AMPK might be a novel protection against the progression of hepatic steatosis induced by LCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqian Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangjuan Wei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xingpei Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Haining Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Ruijiao Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yuri Oh
- Faculty of Education, Wakayama University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
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15
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Shen Y, An C, Jiang J, Huang B, Li N, Sun C, Wang C, Zhan S, Li X, Gao F, Zhao X, Cui H, Gooneratne R, Wang Y. Temperature-Dependent Nanogel for Pesticide Smart Delivery with Improved Foliar Dispersion and Bioactivity for Efficient Control of Multiple Pests. ACS Nano 2022; 16:20622-20632. [PMID: 36469037 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials and nanotechnology to construct a smart pesticide delivery system with target-oriented and controlled-release functions is important to increase the effective utilization rate and minimize environmental residue pollution. A temperature-dependent delivery system can modulate the release of pesticide with temperature to improve the efficacy and precision targeting. A series of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-based nanogels with high deformability and tunable structure were successfully constructed for smart pesticide delivery and effective pest control. A lambda-cyhalothrin (LC)-loaded Pickering emulsion (LC@TNPE) with a stable gel-like network structure was further formed by the temperature-dependent nanogel to encapsule the pesticide. The foliar wettability, photostability, and controlled-release property of LC@TNPE were effectively enhanced compared to the commercial formulation because of the encapsulation and stabilization of nanogel. The release rate of LC positively correlated with temperature changes and thereby adapted to the trend of pest population increase at higher temperature. The LC@TNPE displayed improved control efficacy on multiple target pests including Plutella xylostella, Aphis gossypii, and Pieris rapae compared with the commercial suspension concentrate and microcapsule suspension, and it showed marked efficacy to control Pieris rapae for an extended duration even at a 40% reduced dosage. Furthermore, the safety was evaluated systematically on cells in vitro and with a nontarget organism. Studies confirmed that the system was relatively safe for HepG2 cells and aquatic organism zebrafish. This research provides an insight into creating an efficient and environmentally friendly pesticide nanoformulation for sustainable agriculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100081, China
| | - Changcheng An
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100081, China
| | - Jiajun Jiang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100081, China
| | - Bingna Huang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100081, China
| | - Ningjun Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100081, China
| | - Changjiao Sun
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100081, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100081, China
| | - Shenshan Zhan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100081, China
| | - Xingye Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100081, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100081, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100081, China
| | - Haixin Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100081, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln7647, New Zealand
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100081, China
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16
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Lopez-Torres B, Ares I, Martínez M, Maximiliano JE, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Neurotoxicity induced by the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin: Alterations in monoaminergic systems and dopaminergic and serotoninergic pathways in the rat brain. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113434. [PMID: 36126889 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Type II pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin on dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) synthesis in rat brain regions (striatum, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus and midbrain) were studied. Lambda-cyhalothrin (1, 4 and 8 mg/kg bw, oral gavage, 6 days) induced a decrease of DA, 5-HT and metabolites contents, in a brain regional- and dose-related manner. The major decreases in DA and 5-HT contents were observed in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex tissues. This research study also showed in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, that lambda-cyhalothrin modified the mRNA levels of DA transporter gene (Dat1 up-regulation), 5-HT transporter gene (SERT down-regulation), DA receptor genes (Drd1and Drd2 down-regulation), 5-HT receptor genes (5-HT1A and 5-HT2A down-regulation/up-regulation), DA synthesis gene (TH down-regulation), 5-HT synthesis gene (TPH2 down-regulation), DA and 5-HT degradation genes (MAOA and MAOB up-regulation). These results reveal that lambda-cyhalothrin altered central nervous system (CNS) monoaminergic neurotransmitters. Lambda-cyhalothrin evoked a selective neurotoxic injury to dopaminergic and serotoninergic pathways. These findings may clarify on the pyrethroids-induced neurotoxicity mechanisms and could involve pyrethroids as environmental risk factors leading to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Magalhães de Paula TN, Souza Vendemiatti JA, Camparotto NG, Toledo B, Oliveira ÁC, Neves TF, Umbuzeiro GA, Prediger P. Behavior of two classes of organic contaminants in the presence of graphene oxide: Ecotoxicity, physicochemical characterization and theoretical calculations. Sci Total Environ 2022; 822:153515. [PMID: 35101508 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) production has increased considerably and therefore its presence in the environment is inevitable. When in aquatic environment GO can interact with co-existing compounds, modifying their toxicities for several organisms. However, the toxic effects of co-exposure of GO and organic compounds are rarely reported in the literature. Herein, we studied the behavior of four organic aquatic contaminants found in surface water such as 2-phenylbenzotriazoles (non-Cl PBTA-9 and PBTA-9) and phenoxyphenyl pesticides, pyriproxyfen (PYR) and lambdacyhalothrin (LCT), in the presence of GO. GO reduced 90% and 83% of the toxicity of non-Cl PBTA-9 and PBTA for Daphnia. When PBTAs were adsorbed onto GO surface their interactions caused GO agglomeration (up to 20 mm) and consequent precipitation, making PBTAs less bioavailable. PYR and LCT's toxicities increased up to 83% for PYR and 47% for LCT in the presence of GO, because their adsorption on GO lead to the stabilization of the suspensions (up to 0.5 μm). Those particles were then easily ingested and retained in the digestive tract of the daphnids, triggering the Trojan horse effect. Based on theoretical calculations we observed that PBTA compounds are planar, electron-poorer and more reactive than the studied pesticides, suggesting a better stability of the GO/PBTA complexes. PYR and LCT are nonplanar, electron-richer and less reactive towards GO than PBTAs, forming less stable GO complexes that could facilitate the desorption of pesticides, increasing toxic effects. Our results suggest that the properties of the organic toxicants can influence the stability of graphene oxide suspensions, playing a fundamental role in the modulation of their toxicity. Further research is needed for a deep understanding of the behavior of nanomaterials in the presence of contaminants and their effect in the toxicity of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruna Toledo
- School of Technology, University of Campinas - Unicamp, CEP: 13484-332 Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ádria Caloto Oliveira
- School of Technology, University of Campinas - Unicamp, CEP: 13484-332 Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tauany F Neves
- School of Technology, University of Campinas - Unicamp, CEP: 13484-332 Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisela A Umbuzeiro
- School of Technology, University of Campinas - Unicamp, CEP: 13484-332 Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Prediger
- School of Technology, University of Campinas - Unicamp, CEP: 13484-332 Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bossou YM, Côté J, Mahrouche L, Mantha M, El Majidi N, Furtos A, Bouchard M. Excretion time courses of lambda-cyhalothrin metabolites in the urine of strawberry farmworkers and effect of coexposure with captan. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2465-2486. [PMID: 35567602 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There are limited literature data on the impact of coexposure on the toxicokinetics of pesticides in agricultural workers. Using the largely employed pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and fungicide captan as sentinel pesticides, we compared individual temporal profiles of biomarkers of exposure to LCT in strawberry field workers following an application episode of LCT alone or in coexposure with captan. Participants provided all urine voided over a 3-day period after an application of a pesticide formulation containing LCT alone (E1) or LCT mixed with captan (E2), and in some cases following re-entry in treated field (E3). Pyrethroid metabolites were measured in all urine samples, in particular 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (CFMP), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), and 4-hydroxy-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4-OH3PBA). There were no obvious differences in individual concentration-time profiles and cumulative excretion of metabolites (CFMP, 3-PBA, 4-OH3BPA) after exposure to LCT alone or in combination with captan. For most workers and exposure scenarios, CFMP was the main metabolite excreted, but time courses of CFMP in urine did not always follow that of 3-PBA and 4-OH3BPA. Given that the latter metabolites are common to other pyrethroids, this suggests that some workers were coexposed to pyrethroids other than LCT. For several workers and exposure scenarios E1 and E2, values of CFMP increased in the hours following spraying. However, for many pesticide operators, other peaks of CFMP were observed at later times, indicating that tasks other than spraying of LCT-containing formulations contributed to this increased exposure. These tasks were mainly handling/cleaning of equipment used for spraying (tractor or sprayer) or work/inspection in LCT-treated field according to questionnaire responses. Overall, this study provided novel excretion time course data for LCT metabolites valuable for interpretation of biomonitoring data in workers, but also showed that coexposure was not a major determinant of variability in exposure biomarker levels. Our analysis also pointed out the importance of measuring specific metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yélian Marc Bossou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, U436H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Côté
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, U436H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Louiza Mahrouche
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, MIL Building, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marc Mantha
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, U436H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Naïma El Majidi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, U436H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alexandra Furtos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, MIL Building, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michèle Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, U436H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Wang K, Zhao J, Han Z, Chen M. Comparative transcriptome and RNA interference reveal CYP6DC1 and CYP380C47 related to lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in Rhopalosiphum padi. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2022; 183:105088. [PMID: 35430059 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The bird-cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi, is a serious agricultural pest of Triticeae crops, and pyrethroids are the most widely used chemical pesticides for the control of the aphid. Our previous studies found that some R. padi field populations have developed resistance against pyrethroids; an M918L target-site mutation of the voltage gated sodium channel was present in the pyrethroid resistant individuals, while the high-level resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin revealed the presence of other mechanisms in the pest. Here, we conducted genome-wide transcriptional analysis for the lambda-cyhalothrin susceptible (SS) and resistant (LC-RR) strains of R. padi. Results indicated that 2457 genes were differently expressed between the SS and LC-RR strains. In the LC-RR, a total of 1265 and 1192 genes were up- and down-regulated, respectively. KEGG analysis implicated enrichment of P450 involved in insecticide metabolic pathways in the resistant transcriptome. qRT-PCR results confirmed that two P450 genes (CYP6DC1 and CYP380C47) were significantly overexpressed in the LC-RR individuals. Furthermore, RNA interference (RNAi) of CYP6DC1 or CYP380C47 significantly increased mortality of R. padi exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin. These results suggest that the overexpression of CYP6DC1 and CYP380C47 contributed to the lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in the pest. This study provides knowledge for further analyzing the molecular mechanism of resistance to pyrethroids in R. padi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaojun Han
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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20
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Zhu X, Zhang Y, Han L, Liu H, Sun B. Quantum confined peptide assemblies in a visual photoluminescent hydrogel platform and smartphone-assisted sample-to-answer analyzer for detecting trace pyrethroids. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 210:114265. [PMID: 35447398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Quantum confinement (QC) effect-related materials have been extensively studied as photoluminescent probes for agricultural, food, and environmental analyses, with the advantage of simple-to-synthesize, reusable, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly. Herein, we propose a strategy to dimerize aromatic cyclo-dipeptides, namely cyclo-ditryptophan (cyclo-WW), cyclo-diphenylalanine (cyclo-FF), and cyclo-dihistidine (cyclo-HH), into quantum dots as basic building blocks for the self-assembly of QC supramolecular structures with excellent photoluminescent properties in aqueous solutions. In particular, through coordination with Zn(II), the bandgap can be tuned to change the photo-absorption and luminescence properties of the cyclo-dipeptide-based QC assemblies. The fluorescence quantum yield of cyclo-WW+Zn(II) was 16.9%. Such a good luminous effect makes it applicable to the detection of LC. A good linear relationship between fluorescence response of cyclo-WW+Zn(II) and LC concentration was observed in the range of 5-350 μg/L, with a low limit of detection of 2.9 μg/L and good spiked recovery of 90.72%-104.3%. A visual platform using the cyclo-WW+Zn(II)-based photoluminescent hydrogel and smartphone-assisted sample-to-answer analyzer were developed, which showed good responsiveness to LC. The developed fluorescence method, validated using traditional HPLC, is a biocompatible alternative for the rapid detection of trace pollutants with the advantages of portability and simple operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Zhu
- Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Luxuan Han
- Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Huilin Liu
- Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
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21
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Dong B, Liu XY, Li B, Li MY, Li SG, Liu S. A heat shock protein protects against oxidative stress induced by lambda-cyhalothrin in the green peach aphid Myzus persicae. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2022; 181:104995. [PMID: 35082025 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) is a pyrethroid insecticide widely used to control insect pests. Insect exposure to LCT may cause abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and result in oxidative damage. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) may help protect against oxidative stress. However, little is known about the role of HSPs in response to LCT in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. This insect is an important agricultural pest causing severe yield losses in crops. In this study, we characterized a cDNA sequence (MpHsp70) encoding a member of the HSP70 family in M. persicae. MpHsp70 encoded a 623 amino acid protein putatively localized in the cytosol. The highest expression level of MpHsp70 occurred in fourth-instar nymphs. Treatment of M. persicae with LCT resulted in oxidative stress and significantly increased H2O2 and malondialdehyde levels. This led to an elevated transcription level of MpHsp70. Injection of H2O2 into M. persicae also upregulated the MpHsp70 expression level, suggesting that MpHsp70 is responsive to ROS, particularly H2O2, induced by LCT. Recombinant MpHSP70 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. E. coli cells overexpressing MpHSP70 exhibited significant tolerance to H2O2 and the ROS generators, cumene hydroperoxide and paraquat. This indicated that MpHSP70 protects against oxidative stress. Furthermore, knockdown of MpHsp70 by RNA interference resulted in increased susceptibility in apterous adults of M. persicae to LCT. These findings indicate that MpHsp70 plays an important role in defense against LCT-induced oxidative stress and insecticide susceptibility in M. persicae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Dong
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xi-Ya Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Science and Technology, Sichuan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Mao-Ye Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shi-Guang Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Su Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Huang X, Wang A, Luo J, Gao Y, Guan L, Zhang P, Liu F, Mu W, Li B. Lambda-cyhalothrin-loaded nanocapsules pose an unacceptable acute toxicological risk to zebrafish (Danio rerio) at the adult and larval stages but present an acceptable risk to embryos. J Hazard Mater 2022; 422:126853. [PMID: 34399229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, size-controlled pesticide microcapsule (MC) delivery systems have played an important role in precision farming development; however, the potential environmental hazards of MCs with different particle sizes have not been fully characterized. In this study, we prepared a series of lambda-cyhalothrin (LC)-MCs with nano and micron-scale capsule sizes (average diameters of 209.4 nm, MC-N; 2.41 µm, MC-S; 4.87 µm, MC-M; and 12.41 µm, MC-L). The assessment results showed that the release and sedimentation behavior of LC-MCs in water and toxicity to zebrafish at three life stages were all particle size-dependent. As the diameter distribution of approximately 100 nm extended to the micron scale (~27 µm), the capsules released more slowly and sunk more quickly in water. In addition, micron-sized LC-MC exposure resulted in significantly less fish mortality and malformations of larvae and embryos compared with nanosized LC-MC exposure. The highest accumulation of MC-N in the gill and the severest toxicity to larvae suggested that the smaller size and stronger permeability of nanocapsules would pose unpredictable consequences for nontargeted organisms. The obvious toxicological differences of LC-MCs toward aquatic organisms implies that regulating MC production in an appropriate size range is an important prerequisite for achieving efficient but safe pesticide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Lei Guan
- Rural Economy and Agricultural Technology Service Center, Banpu Town, Haizhou District, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Wei Mu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Beixing Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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23
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Navarro L, Camacho R, López JE, Saldarriaga JF. Assessment of the potential risk of leaching pesticides in agricultural soils: study case Tibasosa, Boyacá, Colombia. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08301. [PMID: 34816028 PMCID: PMC8591474 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural soils need monitoring systems to address pesticide risks for humans and the environment. The purpose of this paper was to obtain leaching risk maps of the pesticides imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, and chlorpyrifos in agricultural soil under an onion (Allium cepa L.) crop in Tibasosa, Boyacá, Colombia. This was obtained by studying the soil types in the area, analyzing the behavior of pollutants in the soil profile, using a delay factor and an attenuation factor to finally include GIS allowing visualization of the areas of greater potential risk in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Navarro
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1Este #19A-40, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - Ricardo Camacho
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1Este #19A-40, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Julián E. López
- Environmental Engineering Program, Universidad de Medellín, Carrera 87 #30-65, Medellín, 050026, Colombia
| | - Juan F. Saldarriaga
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1Este #19A-40, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
- Corresponding author.
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Tungu PK, Sudi WS, Kaur H, Magesa SM, Rowland M. Bio-efficacy and wash-fastness of a lambda-cyhalothrin long-lasting insecticide treatment kit (ICON ® Maxx) against mosquitoes on various polymer materials. Malar J 2021; 20:387. [PMID: 34583682 PMCID: PMC8480073 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-lasting efficacy of insecticide-treated nets is a balance between adhesion, retention and migration of insecticide to the surface of netting fibres. ICON® Maxx is a twin-sachet ‘home-treatment kit’ of pyrethroid plus binding agent, recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for long-lasting, wash-fast treatment of polyester nets. While knitted polyester netting is widely used, fine woven polyethylene netting is increasingly available and nets made of cotton and nylon are common in Africa and Asia. It is important to investigate whether ICON Maxx is able to fulfill the WHO criteria of long-lasting treatment on a range of domestic fabrics to widen the scope for malaria protection. Methods This study was a controlled comparison of the bio-efficacy and wash-fastness of lambda-cyhalothrin CS, with or without binder, on nets made of cotton, polyethylene, nylon, dyed and undyed polyester. Evaluation compared an array of bioassays: WHO cone and cylinder, median time to knockdown and WHO tunnel tests using Anopheles mosquitoes. Chemical assay revealed further insight. Results ICON Maxx treated polyethylene and polyester netting met the WHO cone and tunnel test bio-efficacy criteria for LLIN after 20 standardized washes. Although nylon and cotton netting failed to meet the WHO cone and cylinder criteria, both materials passed the WHO tunnel test criterion of 80% mortality after 20 washes. All materials treated with standard lambda-cyhalothrin CS without binder failed to meet any of the WHO bio-efficacy criteria within 5 washes. Conclusion The bio-efficacy of ICON Maxx against mosquitoes on netting washed up to 20 times demonstrated wash durability on a range of synthetic polymer and natural fibres: polyester, polyethylene, nylon and cotton. This raises the prospect of making insecticide-binder kits into an effective approach for turning untreated nets, curtains, military clothing, blankets—and tents and tarpaulins as used in disasters and humanitarian emergencies—into effective malaria prevention products. It may provide a solution to the problem of reduced LLIN coverage between campaigns by converting commercially sourced untreated nets into LLINs through community or home treatment. It may also open the door to binding of non-pyrethroid insecticides to nets and textiles for control of pyrethroid resistant vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K Tungu
- Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania. .,Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Muheza, P.O.Box 81, Tanga, Tanzania.
| | - Wema S Sudi
- Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania.,Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Muheza, P.O.Box 81, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Harparkash Kaur
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Stephen M Magesa
- Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania.,Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Muheza, P.O.Box 81, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Mark Rowland
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Muheza, P.O.Box 81, Tanga, Tanzania
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Hu YB, He ZQ, Liu Y, Qian D, Yang CY, Lu DL, Zhang QQ, Zhang HW. [Susceptibility of Anopheles sinensis to insecticides in Puyang City, Henan Province]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2021; 33:501-504. [PMID: 34791848 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the susceptibility of Anopheles sinensis to malathion, deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin in Puyang City, Henan Province, so as to provide the scientific basis for local malaria vector control. METHODS An. sinensis was captured from Puyang County, Puyang City of Henan Province in September 2018 and July 2020, and the susceptibility of field captured An. sinensis to malathion, deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin was tested using the filter-paper bioassay recommended by WHO. The insecticide resistance level was assessed based on the WHO criteria. RESULTS In 2018 and 2010, the half knock-down times (KT50) of malathion were 91.08 min and 40.95 min for An. sinensis, with knock-down rates of 37.50% and 60.87% 60 min post-exposure to malathion and 24-hour mortality rates of 90.91% and 100%, respectively, and the insecticide resistance levels were moderately resistant (M) and susceptible (S). The KT50 of deltamethrin were 415.56 min and 341.19 min for An. sinensis in 2018 and 2020, with knock-down rates of 22.92% and 16.98% 60 min post-exposure to malathion and 24-hour mortality rates of 22.92% and 16.98%, and the insecticide resistance levels were all resistant (R). The KT50 of lambda-cyhalothrin were 164.22 min and 236.22 min for An. sinensis in 2018 and 2020, with knock-down rates of 30.39% and 38.30% 60 min postexposure to malathion and 24 h mortality rates of 19.60% and 21.28%, respectively, and the insecticide resistance levels were all R. CONCLUSIONS An. sinensis is relatively susceptible to malathion but has developed high-level resistance to deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin in Puyang City, Henan Province..
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Hu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Z Q He
- Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Y Liu
- Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - D Qian
- Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - C Y Yang
- Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - D L Lu
- Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Q Q Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - H W Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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26
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Tungu PK, Sudi W, Kisinza W, Rowland M. Effectiveness of a long-lasting insecticide treatment kit (ICON® Maxx) for polyester nets over three years of household use: a WHO phase III trial in Tanzania. Malar J 2021; 20:345. [PMID: 34412651 PMCID: PMC8375204 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ICON® Maxx (Syngenta) is an insecticide treatment kit of pyrethroid and binding agent for long-lasting treatment of mosquito nets. Interim recommendation for use on nets was granted by the World Health Organization (WHO) after successful evaluation in experimental huts following multiple washes. A full WHO recommendation is contingent upon demonstration of continued bio-efficacy after 3 years of use. Methods A household-randomized prospective study design was used to assess ICON Maxx-treated nets over 3 years in north-eastern Tanzania. Conventional treated nets (with lambda-cyhalothrin, but without binder) served as a positive control. At 6-monthly intervals, cross-sectional household surveys monitored net use and physical integrity, while cone and tunnel tests assessed insecticidal efficacy. Pyrethroid content was determined after 12 and 36 months. A parallel cohort of nets was monitored annually for evidence of net deterioration and attrition. Results After 12 months’ use, 97% of ICON Maxx-treated nets but only 67% of CTN passed the WHO efficacy threshold for insecticidal durability (> 80% mortality in cone or tunnel or 90% feeding inhibition in tunnel). After 24- and 36-months use, 67% and 26% of ICON Maxx treated nets met the cone criteria, respectively, and over 90% met the combined cone and tunnel criteria. Lambda-cyhalothrin content after 36 months was 17% (15.8 ± 4.3 mg/m2) of initial content. ICON Maxx nets were used year-round and washed approximately 4 times per year. In cross-sectional survey after 36 months the average number of holes was 20 and hole index was 740 cm2 per net. Cohort nets had fewer holes and smaller hole index than cross-sectional nets. However, only 15% (40/264) of cohort nets were not lost to follow-up or not worn out after 36 months. Conclusions Because more than 80% of nets met the WHO efficacy criteria after 36 months use, ICON Maxx was granted WHO full recommendation. Cross-sectional and cohort surveys were complementary and gave a fuller understanding of net durability. To improve net usage and retention, stronger incentives and health messaging should be introduced in WHO LLIN longitudinal trials. Untreated polyester nets may be made long-lastingly insecticidal in Africa through simple household treatment using ICON Maxx pyrethroid-binder kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K Tungu
- Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Muheza, Tanzania. .,Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), PO Box 81, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania.
| | - Wema Sudi
- Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Muheza, Tanzania.,Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), PO Box 81, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - William Kisinza
- Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Muheza, Tanzania.,Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), PO Box 81, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Mark Rowland
- Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), PO Box 81, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Krüger AP, Scheunemann T, Padilha AC, Pazini JB, Bernardi D, Grützmacher AD, Nava DE, Garcia FRM. Insecticide-mediated effects on mating success and reproductive output of Drosophila suzukii. Ecotoxicology 2021; 30:828-835. [PMID: 33851336 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to sublethal concentrations can have adverse effects on certain individuals, but, can also favor survival and reproduction of others. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exposing Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) adults to LC50 of spinetoram and lambda-cyhalothrin and field rate of thiamethoxam on their mating, reproductive output and longevity. The LC50 for lambda-cyhalothrin and for spinetoram were 7.83 and 32.91 ng a.i./cm2, respectively. Thiamethoxam, in the concentrations tested, was not toxic to D. suzukii, therefore, we use the recommended concentration for strawberry, 231.25 ng a.i./cm2, in the sublethal tests. Insects exposed to LC50 of lambda-cyhalothrin were more likely to mate, but presented shorter copula. Sublethal exposure to thiamethoxam lead to an increase in total fecundity. Among the insecticides tested, spinetoram presented the least expressive effects. Longevity was not affected by any of the tested insecticides. Results presented in this study are relevant to D. suzukii management since the stimulatory effects shown on this pest species can collaborate to outbreaks and insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P Krüger
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Scheunemann
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline C Padilha
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliano B Pazini
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bernardi
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Anderson D Grützmacher
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Dori E Nava
- Laboratory of Entomology, Embrapa Temperate Agriculture, Pelotas, RS, 96010-971, Brazil
| | - Flávio R M Garcia
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Ecology, Zoology and Genetics Department, UFPel, 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
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Kjaer C, Sørensen PB, Wiberg-Larsen P, Bak J, Bruus M, Strandberg B, Larsen SE, Rasmussen JJ, Strandberg M. Vulnerability of Aquatic Insect Species to Insecticides, Depending on Their Flight Period and Adult Life Span. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021; 40:1778-1787. [PMID: 33625751 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Effects of insecticides on terrestrial adult life stages of otherwise aquatic insects, such as mayflies (Ephemeroptera), stoneflies (Plecoptera), and caddisflies (Trichoptera), are largely unknown. In the present study, a risk model was used to pinpoint the species most likely to experience effects due to spray drift exposure during the adult life stage. Using data from an earlier case study with lambda-cyhalothrin, 6 species with different life cycle traits were used to explore how life cycle characteristics may influence vulnerability. In addition, we performed a generic calculation of the potential effect on the terrestrial life stages of 53 species (including 47 species with unknown sensitivity). Our approach incorporated temporal and spatial distribution of both the insect and the insecticide, creating different exposure conditions among species due to variation in the relative proportion of the populations present at the time of insecticide spraying. The Ephemeroptera species represented were least vulnerable due to their extremely short adult life span and relatively short flight period. Based on their life cycle characteristics, Plecoptera and Trichoptera species were more vulnerable. These vulnerable species segregated into 2 distinct groups; one with a long adult life span to emergent period ratio and another with a high overlap between emergent period and spraying season. We therefore recommend that future ecotoxicological tests be done on species with these life cycle characteristics. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1778-1787. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kjaer
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jesper Bak
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Marianne Bruus
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jes Jessen Rasmussen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Section for Freshwater Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
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Guedegba NL, Imorou Toko I, Ben Ammar I, François L, Oreins N, Palluel O, Mandiki SNM, Jauniaux T, Porcher JM, Scippo ML, Kestemont P. Chronic effects of a binary insecticide Acer 35 EC on Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus through a multi-biomarker approach. Chemosphere 2021; 273:128530. [PMID: 33268085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acer 35 EC is a widely used insecticide (a binary mixture of lambda-cyhalothrin and acetamiprid) in pest control in many West African countries, particularly in the cotton culture in north Benin. The aim of this study was to investigate the chronic effects of Acer 35 EC on Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus juveniles using a multi-biomarker approach under laboratory conditions. For this purpose, fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Acer 35 EC (0, 1 and 10% of LC50- 96 h value). After 28 and 56 days of exposure, several biomarkers were measured in males and females including enzymatic activities related to detoxification and oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and immune responses, sex steroid hormones (testosterone, 17β-estradiol and 11-keto-testosterone) and histological alterations of liver, kidney and gonads. An Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) was then calculated. The results showed a reduction of cholinesterase activity in muscles, and intercellular superoxide anion production in both sexes. Female steroidogenesis and gametogenesis were affected, especially testosterone levels and oocyte growth. More alterations were observed in liver after exposure to Acer 35 EC. In both sexes, IBR values were higher after 56 days than after 28 days of exposure. In conclusion, based on a large set of biomarkers and IBR values, the chronic exposure to low doses of insecticide Acer 35 EC seems to impair different physiological functions in Nile tilapia juveniles on a time-dependent manner, with a stronger impact on females than on males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicresse Léa Guedegba
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life-Earth-Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq), University of Parakou, Faculty of Agronomy, 03 BP 61, Parakou, Benin.
| | - Ibrahim Imorou Toko
- Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq), University of Parakou, Faculty of Agronomy, 03 BP 61, Parakou, Benin.
| | - Imen Ben Ammar
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life-Earth-Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Loïc François
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life-Earth-Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Noëlle Oreins
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life-Earth-Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Olivier Palluel
- Institut National de L'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
| | - Syaghalirwa N M Mandiki
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life-Earth-Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Thierry Jauniaux
- Department of General Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Marc Porcher
- Institut National de L'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
| | - Marie-Louise Scippo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, 10 Avenue de Cureghem, Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life-Earth-Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
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Sahar S, Xue J, Rashid A, Mei Q, Hua R. In situ monitoring of chlorothalonil and lambda-cyhalothrin by polyethylene passive samplers under fields and greenhouse conditions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:25939-25948. [PMID: 33483925 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sampling is a critical step in pesticide atmospheric analysis. Passive sampling offers advantages of inexpensive and convenient air monitoring. Polyethylene films (PE) were used as a passive sampler at multiple heights in greenhouse and agricultural field for 15 days to trap atmospheric chlorothalonil and lambda-cyhalothrin in the months of May and July. Among the two PE film thicknesses (20 and 80 μm), 20 μm PE was the most effective at absorbing target pesticides from air and attains equilibrium stage earlier than 80 μm PE film. After approximately 240 h of PE exposure in greenhouse and fields, chlorothalonil and lambda-cyhalothrin reached an equilibrium stage of partitioning between air and PE. Atmospheric concentrations of chlorothalonil (p < 0.01) and lambda-cyhalothrin (p < 0.001) at 1.5 m height were higher with the concentrations of 1855.59 ± 243.85 ng/m3 and 3682.11 ± 316.71 ng/m3, respectively, in the month of May as compared to the other three respective heights. The concentrations of chlorothalonil in air at 2 m height (1587.27 ± 284.19 ng/m3) were slightly higher than 0.5 m (1392.28 ± 205.09 ng/m3). Atmospheric concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin at 2 m (3178.26 ± 299.29 ng/m3) were significantly lower than the other heights (p < 0.05). The greenhouse air concentrations of chlorothalonil and lambda-cyhalothrin in the months of May (1855.59 ± 243.85 and 3682.11 ± 316.71 ng/m3, respectively) and July (1749.33 ± 378.61 and 3445.08 ± 390.32 ng/m3, respectively) were higher than fields. The results indicate the usability of PE films to monitor chlorothalonil and lambda-cyhalothrin and potential other semi-volatile pesticides in agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumia Sahar
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jiaying Xue
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Audil Rashid
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Quyang Mei
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Rimao Hua
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Extensive use of Lambda-cyhalothrin (LTC), a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, has been associated with serious health problems to the non-target organisms including mammals. The present study investigated the protective effect of naringenin (NGN), an antioxidant flavonoid, against the toxicity induced LTC in the liver of male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five groups of rats were assigned as follows; control group, LTC group (6.12 mg kg-1, 1/10 LD50), LTC-NGN group (6.12 mg kg-1 LTC and 50 mg kg-1 NGN), NGN-LTC group (50 mg kg-1 NGN and 6.12 mg kg-1 LTC) and NGN group (50 mg kg-1). Doses were administrated orally for 21 consecutive days. RESULTS Administration of LTC induced liver damage as indicated by the increase in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase and in the level of total bilirubin in serum. LTC also induced a significant elevation in the levels of serum total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins while high-density lipoproteins decreased. Furthermore, LTC significantly disturbed the oxidant/antioxidant balance in the liver as shown by the elevation in lipid peroxidation, lipid hydroperoxides, protein carbonyl content and conjugated dienes with a concomitant inhibition in the major antioxidants such as reduced glutathione and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase. Both post-treatment and pre-treatment with NGN significantly modulated the LTC-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rat's liver and pretreatment was found to be more effective in improving most of the studied parameters in both serum and liver tissue. CONCLUSION NGN could be used as a safe dietary supplement to protect against the toxicity and oxidative stress associated with the use of LTC.
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Wang ZJ, Liang CR, Shang ZY, Yu QT, Xue CB. Insecticide resistance and resistance mechanisms in the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii, in Shandong, China. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2021; 172:104768. [PMID: 33518055 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The melon aphid, Aphis gossypii, is an important pest of vegetables. Insecticide resistance in A. gossypii has increased due to the frequent use of insecticides. We studied the levels and mechanisms of A. gossypii resistance to imidacloprid, acetamiprid and lambda-cyhalothrin here. The resistance levels of the three insecticides in 20 populations of A. gossypii varied. When compared to the susceptible strain (Lab-SS), there were two moderate resistance (MR) populations and nine low resistance (LR) populations to imidacloprid, respectively, two MR populations and two LR populations to acetamiprid, respectively, and, five MR populations and two LR populations to λ-cyhalothrin, respectively. Gene mutation detection in the MR level populations showed arginine to threonine substitution (R81T) in three populations and lysine to glutamine substitution (K264E) in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) β1 subunit in one population, respectively. No valine to isoleucine substitution (V62I) was found in the nAChR β1 subunit in any of the tested populations. The leucine to phenylalanine substitution (L1014F) in sodium channel α subunit was found in five MR populations. The relative expression of the CYP6CY13 gene was significantly upregulated in the Daiyue and Shenxian populations. The CYP6CY14 gene was significantly upregulated in Daiyue, Dongchangfu, Shenxian, Mengyin and Anqiu populations. The CYP6CY19 gene was significantly upregulated in the Dongchangfu and Mengyin populations. The relative expressions of the esterase E4 or FE4 genes were significantly upregulated in most of the MR populations. These results provide insight into the current insecticide resistance of A. gossypii and may contribute to more effective resistance management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chen-Rong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ze-Yu Shang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qi-Tong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chao-Bin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
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Sharma KK, Tripathy V, Mohapatra S, Matadha NY, Pathan ARK, Sharma BN, Dubey JK, Katna S, George T, Tayade A, Sharma K, Gupta R, Walia S. Dissipation kinetics and consumer risk assessment of novaluron + lambda-cyhalothrin co-formulation in cabbage. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111494. [PMID: 33120258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cabbage, one of the most popular vegetables in the world is infested by several insect-pests and diseases. Novaluron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor and lambda-cyhalothrin, a synthetic pyrethroid group insecticide are used to manage insect-pests on cabbage. The dissipation kinetics and risk assessment of combination formulation (novaluron 9.45% + lambda-cyhalothrin 1.9%) with different modes of action has not yet been investigated in cabbage. Multi-location supervised field trials were therefore, conducted in different agro-climatic regions of India for safety evaluation of the combination product. The co-formulation at the recommended (novaluron 750 g a.i. ha-1 + lambda-cyhalothrin 750 g a.i. ha-1) and double the recommended (novaluron 1500 g a.i. ha-1 + lambda-cyhalothrin 1500 g a.i. ha-1) dose was sprayed on the cabbage crop. The samples were extracted and cleaned up using a modified QuEChERS method, and the residues analyzed by GC-ECD and GC-MS. The half-life (t1/2) varied between 1.77 and 2.51 and 2.00-3.38 days for novaluron and 1.36-2.24 and 1.69-3.82 days for lambda-cyhalothrin in cabbage at respective doses. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has set the MRL of 0.7 mg kg-1 for novaluron at PHI of 5 days, and no MRL is set for lambda-cyhalothrin in cabbage. On the basis of OECD MRL calculator, the MRLs of 0.6 and 1.5 mg kg-1 for novaluron and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively were calculated at the respective doses at PHI of 3 days. Hazard quotient (HQ) <1, theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) < acceptable daily intake (ADI) and < maximum permissible intake (MPI), percent acute hazard index (% aHI) <1, and percent chronic hazard index (% cHI) <1 for both novaluron and lambda-cyhalothrin suggested that the combination formulation is safe and will not pose any dietary risk to the consumers. The study will be helpful to conduct risk assessment of other pesticides/combination pesticides on food crops on which their MRLs have not yet been fixed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar Sharma
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
| | - Vandana Tripathy
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Soudamini Mohapatra
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagapooja Yogendraiah Matadha
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Abdul Rashid Khan Pathan
- Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University (SKNAU), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Durgapura, Jaipur, India
| | - Badri Narayan Sharma
- Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University (SKNAU), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Durgapura, Jaipur, India
| | - Jatiender Kumar Dubey
- Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr YSPUHF), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sapna Katna
- Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr YSPUHF), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Thomas George
- Kerala Agricultural University (KAU), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Vellayani, Kerala, India
| | - Amol Tayade
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushbu Sharma
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Walia
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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González MA, Dilger E, Ronderos MM, Spinelli GR, Courtenay O, Hamilton JGC. Significant reduction in abundance of peridomestic mosquitoes (Culicidae) and Culicoides midges (Ceratopogonidae) after chemical intervention in western São Paulo, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:549. [PMID: 33160407 PMCID: PMC7648319 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We assessed the impact of two sand fly insecticide interventions (insecticide spraying and insecticide-impregnated dog collars) on the peridomestic abundance and distribution of mosquitoes (Culicidae) and biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) in western São Paulo (Brazil) in a long-term (42-month) evaluation. Both of these dipteran groups are vectors of diseases of medical and veterinary relevance to humans and domestic animals in Brazil. Methods The interventions in the 3-arm stratified randomised control trial were: pheromone + insecticide (PI) (chicken roosts were sprayed with microencapsulated lambda-cyhalothrin; pheromone lure has no effect on the Diptera pests studied here); dog-collars (DC) (dogs fitted with deltamethrin-impregnated collars); and control (C) (unexposed to pyrethroids) were extended by 12 months. During that time, adult mosquitoes and midges were sampled along 280 households at three household locations (inside human dwellings, dog sleeping sites and chicken roosts). Results We collected 3145 culicids (9 genera, 87.6% Culex spp.) distributed relatively uniformly across all 3 arms: 41.9% at chicken roosts; 37.7% inside houses; and 20.3% at dog sleeping sites. We collected 11,464 Culicoides (15 species) found mostly at chicken roosting sites (84.7%) compared with dog sleeping sites (12.9%) or houses (2.4%). Mosquitoes and Culicoides were most abundant during the hot and rainy season. Increased daytime temperature was marginally associated with increased mosquito abundance (Z = 1.97, P = 0.049) and Culicoides abundance (Z = 1.71, P = 0.087). There was no significant association with daily average rainfall for either group. Household-level mosquito and midge numbers were both significantly reduced by the PI intervention 56% [incidence rate ratio, IRR = 0.54 (95% CI: 0.30–0.97), P ≤ 0.05] and 53% [IRR = 0.47 (95% CI: 0.26–0.85), P ≤ 0.05], respectively, compared to the control intervention. The abundance of both dipteran groups at dog sleeping sites was largely unaffected by the PI and DC interventions. The PI intervention significantly reduced abundance of mosquitoes inside houses (41%) and at chicken roosting sites (48%) and reduced midge abundance by 51% in chicken roosting sites. Conclusions Sprayed insecticide at chicken roosting sites reduced the abundance of mosquitoes and midges at the peridomestic level while dog collars had no effect on numbers for any group.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel A González
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, LA1 4YG, Lancashire, UK.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario (NEIKER), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Erin Dilger
- Zeeman Institute and School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - María M Ronderos
- División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo R Spinelli
- División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Orin Courtenay
- Zeeman Institute and School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - James G C Hamilton
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, LA1 4YG, Lancashire, UK.
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Bickerton M, McSorley K, Toledo A. A life stage-targeted acaricide application approach for the control of Haemaphysalis longicornis. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 12:101581. [PMID: 33075730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann is an invasive tick species that has recently been detected in the eastern United States. We designed field studies to monitor the population dynamics of H. longicornis over a year (2019) in New Jersey, and to assess the efficacy of a pyrethroid acaricide (lambda-cyhalothrin) in controlling this tick using a stage-treatment approach. Nymphs were the most abundant life stage found host-seeking from May through early July, followed by a brief period of high adult activity in mid-July, and a very high larval peak extending from late July through October. Overall, 542 adults, 1910 nymphs, and 69,238 larvae were recorded during the sampling. In the present study, the efficacy of acaricide treatments to suppress host-seeking ticks was assessed by applying lambda-cyhalothrin once during each of the three periods of activity for nymphs (June), adults (July), and larvae (August), or sequentially during all three months. Control plots were left untreated and used for phenology studies. Applications in June and July provided 100 % control of all life stages, including the dominant nymphal and adult stages for 42 and 35 d, respectively. Ticks re-established at normal or reduced levels following applications in June or July, respectively, compared to untreated controls. The application in August provided 100 % control for 49 d, and a high level of suppression (>99 % control) remained through the end of the tick season in October. This study therefore supports that single pyrethroid applications can provide 100 % control of H. longicornis for up to 7 wk, and a single late-summer application towards the end of host-seeking adult activity can provide near complete control of the larval population. An evaluation of single applications over the course of the season revealed that treatments in July or August did not lead to significant reductions in the nymphal population. However, multiple sequential treatments targeting all life stages provided 66 %, 97 %, and >99 % control of adults, nymphs, and larvae, respectively through the season of H. longicornis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bickerton
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, United States; Bergen County Department of Health Services, United States; Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, United States
| | | | - Alvaro Toledo
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, United States; Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, United States.
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Appiah-Effah E, Duku GA, Dwumfour-Asare B, Manu I, Nyarko KB. Toilet chemical additives and their effect on faecal sludge characteristics. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04998. [PMID: 32995646 PMCID: PMC7511817 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of two mostly improvised chemical additives, calcium carbide and lambda super 2.5 EC (LSEC), on the physico–chemical and microbial characteristics of faecal sludge from toilets. The quality of faecal sludge was assessed before and after application of the chemical additives in an experimental setup of ten different treatment units including a control, and treatment replicates. The initial characteristic of the faecal sludge was slightly acidic with high content of slowly degradable organic matter. The experimental control without additives after 30 days showed reduction in BOD5, COD, helminth eggs and sludge mass by a maximum of 30%, 34.7%, 99.8% and 55% respectively. Similarly, calcium carbide additive reduced the BOD5, COD, helminth eggs and the mass of the faecal sludge by 47.4%, 48.3%, 99.6% and 61% respectively. Also, LSEC additive reduced BOD5, COD, helminth eggs and the mass of the sludge by 40.6%, 47.9%, 95.9% and 58% respectively. The two additives showed significant treatment effect on the faecal sludge although the level of treatment could not meet the regulatory discharge limits for the key quality parameters assessed including sanitisation. The study is still a grey area and more research is recommended to enrich the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Appiah-Effah
- Regional Water and Environmental Sanitation Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi Ghana
| | - Godwin Armstrong Duku
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi Ghana
| | - Bismark Dwumfour-Asare
- Department of Environmental Health and Sanitation Education, University of Education Winneba, Asante-Mampong Campus Ghana
| | - Isaac Manu
- Regional Water and Environmental Sanitation Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi Ghana
| | - Kwabena Biritwum Nyarko
- Regional Water and Environmental Sanitation Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi Ghana
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Fouzai C, Trabelsi W, Rabeh I, Bejaoui S, Telahigue K, El Cafsi M, Soudani N. Fatty acid profile and antioxidant status in Venus verrucosa gills as λ-cyhalothrin toxic effects. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 36:898-907. [PMID: 32996380 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720961219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the biochemical alterations in the gills of Venus verrucosa under exposure for 6 days to three doses of lambda-cyhalothrin (λ-cyh) (100, 250, and 500 µg L-1). Malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxide, and hydrogen peroxide levels in the gills of treated groups increased. λ-Cyh exposure significantly increased the protein carbonyl and reduced glutathione levels in the gills of all treated groups. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were increased. In our study, the polyunsaturated fatty acid (FA), omega-6, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3) were increased in the treated groups. A significant decrease in the saturated FAs, omega-3, and arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) levels was observed. The content of monounsaturated FA was changed in the groups treated with 100 and 250 µg L-1 of λ-cyh. As a corollary, desaturase and elongase activities were significantly increased. Our study provides evidence of the underlying toxic mechanism of λ-cyh and its capacity to create oxidative stress and revealed that FA profiling is a new approach for elucidating the λ-cyh toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaima Fouzai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Ecology, Biology, and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, 37964University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Trabelsi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Ecology, Biology, and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, 37964University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Rabeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Ecology, Biology, and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, 37964University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Safa Bejaoui
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Ecology, Biology, and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, 37964University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khaoula Telahigue
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Ecology, Biology, and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, 37964University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M'hamed El Cafsi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Ecology, Biology, and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, 37964University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nejla Soudani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Ecology, Biology, and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, 37964University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Rassi Y, Moradi-Asl E, Vatandoost H, Abazari M, Saghafipour A. Insecticide Susceptibility Status of Wild Population of Phlebotomus kandelakii and Phlebotomus perfiliewi transcaucasicus Collected from Visceral Leishmaniasis Endemic Foci in Northwestern Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2020; 14:277-285. [PMID: 33644241 PMCID: PMC7903357 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v14i3.4561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Phlebotomus kandelakii and Phlebotomus perfiliewi transcaucasicus sand flies are the vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Ph. kandelakii and Ph. perfiliewi transcaucasicus, collected from an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the northwest of Iran, to different selected insecticides. Methods: Sand flies were collected from the villages of Meshkinshahr and Germi Counties using light traps and aspirators from May to October 2019. The sand flies were identified as Ph. kandelakii and Ph. perfiliewi transcaucasicus using standard identification keys. Susceptibility test was carried out against DDT (4%), Malathion (5%), Propoxur (0.1%) and Lambda-cyhalothrin (0.05%) according to the WHO standard method. MedCalc statistical software was employed to calculate LT50 and LT90 and to compare the chances of sand flies surviving the exposure to the studied insecticides. Results: A total of 1,278 female specimens were used for the susceptibility tests. Out of which 1,063 samples were used for the test and 215 for the control group. The estimated LT50 values for DDT (4%), Malathion (5%), Propoxur (0.1%), and Lambda-cyhalothrin (0.05%) for Ph. kandelakii were 15.1, 13.4, 15.4 and 5.8 minutes respectively, and for Ph. perfiliewi transcaucasicus were 11.9, 15.6, 15.9 and 5.8 minutes respectively. Conclusion: This susceptibility studies revealed different LT50 values for different insecticides efficient against Ph. kandelakii and Ph. perfiliewi transcaucasicus. The regular monitoring for the resistance of Ph. kandelakii and Ph. perfiliewi transcaucasicus sand flies seems necessary in diseases control programs in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavar Rassi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eslam Moradi-Asl
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Arthropod Borne Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malek Abazari
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Abedin Saghafipour
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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Matowo NS, Tanner M, Munhenga G, Mapua SA, Finda M, Utzinger J, Ngowi V, Okumu FO. Patterns of pesticide usage in agriculture in rural Tanzania call for integrating agricultural and public health practices in managing insecticide-resistance in malaria vectors. Malar J 2020; 19:257. [PMID: 32677961 PMCID: PMC7364647 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unrestricted use of pesticides in agriculture is likely to increase insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors. Unfortunately, strategies for managing insecticide resistance in agriculture and public health sectors lack integration. This study explored the types and usage of agricultural pesticides, and awareness and management practices among retailers and farmers in Ulanga and Kilombero districts in south-eastern Tanzania, where Anopheles mosquitoes are resistant to pyrethroids. Methods An exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach was employed. First, a survey to characterize pesticide stocks was conducted in agricultural and veterinary (agrovet) retail stores. Interviews to assess general knowledge and practices regarding agricultural pesticides were performed with 17 retailers and 30 farmers, followed by a survey involving 427 farmers. Concurrently, field observations were done to validate the results. Results Lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin (both pyrethroids) and imidacloprids (neonicotinoids) were the most common agricultural insecticides sold to farmers. The herbicide glyphosate (amino-phosphonates) (59.0%), and the fungicides dithiocarbamate and acylalanine (54.5%), and organochlorine (27.3%) were also readily available in the agrovet shops and widely used by farmers. Although both retailers and farmers had at least primary-level education and recognized pesticides by their trade names, they lacked knowledge on pest control or proper usage of these pesticides. Most of the farmers (54.4%, n = 316) relied on instructions from pesticides dealers. Overall, 93.7% (400) farmers practised pesticides mixing in their farms, often in close proximity to water sources. One-third of the farmers disposed of their pesticide leftovers (30.0%, n = 128) and most farmers discarded empty pesticide containers into rivers or nearby bushes (55.7%, n = 238). Conclusion Similarities of active ingredients used in agriculture and malaria vector control, poor pesticide management practices and low-levels of awareness among farmers and pesticides retailers might enhance the selection of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. This study emphasizes the need for improving awareness among retailers and farmers on proper usage and management of pesticides. The study also highlights the need for an integrated approach, including coordinated education on pesticide use, to improve the overall management of insecticide resistance in both agricultural and public health sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy S Matowo
- Environmental Health & Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania. .,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Marcel Tanner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Givemore Munhenga
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Salum A Mapua
- Environmental Health & Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Marceline Finda
- Environmental Health & Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania.,School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vera Ngowi
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Fredros O Okumu
- Environmental Health & Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania.,School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
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Bossou YM, Côté J, Mantha M, Haddad S, Achard S, Bouchard M. Impact of pesticide coexposure: an experimental study with binary mixtures of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and captan and its impact on the toxicokinetics of LCT biomarkers of exposure. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3045-3058. [PMID: 32577784 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at gaining more insights into the impact of pesticide coexposure on the toxicokinetics of biomarkers of exposure. This was done by conducting an in vivo experimental case-study with binary mixtures of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and captan and by assessing its impact on the kinetic profiles of LCT biomarkers of exposure. Groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed orally by gavage to LCT alone (2.5 or 12.5 mg/kg bw) or to a binary mixture of LCT and captan (2.5/2.5 or 2.5/12.5 or 12.5/12.5 mg/kg bw). In order to establish the temporal profiles of the main metabolites of LCT, serial blood samples were taken, and excreta (urine and feces) were collected at predetermined intervals up to 48 h post-dosing. Major LCT metabolites were quantified in these matrices: 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane carboxylic (CFMP), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), 4-hydroxy-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4-OH3PBA). There was no clear effect of coexposure at the low LCT dose on the kinetics of CFMP and 3-PBA metabolites, based on the combined assessment of temporal profiles of these metabolites in plasma, urine and feces; however, plasma levels of 3-PBA were diminished in the coexposed high-dose groups. A significant effect of coexposure on the urinary excretion of 4-OH3PBA was also observed while fecal excretion was not affected. The temporal profiles of metabolites in plasma and in excreta were further influenced by the LCT dose. In addition, the study revealed kinetic differences between metabolites with a faster elimination of 3-PBA and 4-OH3BPA compared to CFMP. These results suggest that the pyrethroid metabolites CFMP and 3-PBA, mostly measured in biomonitoring studies, remain useful as biomarkers of exposure in mixtures, when pesticide exposure levels are below the reference values. However, the trend of coexposure effect observed in the benzyl metabolite pathway (in particular 4-OH3BPA) prompts further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yélian Marc Bossou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry BuildingMain Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, U424H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Côté
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry BuildingMain Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, U424H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marc Mantha
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry BuildingMain Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, U424H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sami Haddad
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry BuildingMain Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, U424H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sophie Achard
- Faculty of Health - Pharmacy, HERA Team (Health Environment Risk Assessment), INSERM UMR1153-CRESS (Research Center in Epidemiology and StatisticS), University of Paris, 4 Avenue de l Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry BuildingMain Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, U424H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Cui N, Cao L, Sui J, Lin H, Han X, Chen X, Xie H, Sun X. Quick and convenient construction of lambda-cyhalothrin antigen for the generation of specific antibody. Anal Biochem 2020; 597:113669. [PMID: 32126209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin is a pyrethroid widely used in crop, fruit and vegetable production, but has potential health threats to human. Immunoassay is a cheap, rapid and facile method to detect lambda-cyhalothrin, yet wide application of this method still requires improvement in the construction of antigen. In this study, we developed a one-step lambda-cyhalothrin hapten synthesis that transformed the cyanide group in lambda-cyhalothrin to amide. Complete antigen was assembled by coupling the amide with succinic-anhydride-activated carrier proteins, and corresponding polyclonal antibodies were generated using Balb/c mice. Using antibody generated by the method in this paper, the competitive ELISA demonstrated the lowest detection limit of 3.772 μg/L for lambda-cyhalothrin, and no significant cross-reactivity for other pyrethroid pesticides was observed. All the results suggested we have established a more efficient technique of generating lambda-cyhalothrin antibody. Furthermore, since the activated proteins used in this study are highly controllable, we believe these proteins could potentially be the prototype of a series of standardized carrier proteins for the synthesis of complete antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cui
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd., Qingdao, China
| | - Limin Cao
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd., Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxin Sui
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd., Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd., Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangning Han
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd., Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 19 Keyuan Rd, Jinan, China
| | - Hanyi Xie
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 19 Keyuan Rd, Jinan, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd., Qingdao, China.
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Aouey B, Fares E, Chtourou Y, Bouchard M, Fetoui H. Lambda-cyhalothrin exposure alters purine nucleotide hydrolysis and nucleotidase gene expression pattern in platelets and liver of rats. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 311:108796. [PMID: 31421116 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) is a broad-spectrum pesticide widely used in agriculture throughout the world. This pesticide is considered a potential contaminant of surface and underground water as well as food, posing a risk to ecosystems and humans. In this sense, we decided to evaluate the activity of enzymes belonging to the purinergic system, which is linked with regulation of extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine (Ado) molecules involved in the regulation of inflammatory response. However, there are no data concerning the effects of LCT exposure on the purinergic system, where extracellular nucleotides act as signaling molecules. The aim of this study was to evaluate nucleotide hydrolysis by E-NTPDase (ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase), Ecto-NPP (ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase), ecto-5'-nucleotidase and ecto-adenosine deaminase (E-ADA) in platelets and liver of adult rats on days 7, 30, 45 and 60 after daily gavage with 6.2 and 31.1 mg/kg bw of LCT. Gene expression patterns of NTPDases1-3 and 5'-nucleotidase were also determined in those tissues. In parallel, lambda-cyhalothrin metabolites [3-(2-chloro-3,3,3- trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane carboxylic acid (CFMP), 4-hydroxyphenoxybenzoic acid (4-OH-3-PBA), and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA)] were measured in plasma. Results showed that exposure rats to LCT caused a significant increase in the assessed enzymes activities. Gene expression pattern of ectonucleotidases further revealed a significant increase in E-NTPDase1, E-NTPDase2, and E-NTPDase3 mRNA levels after LCT administration at all times. A dose-dependent increase in LCT metabolite levels was also observed but there no significant variations in levels from weeks to week, suggesting steady-steady equilibrium. Correlation analyses revealed that LCT metabolites in the liver and plasma were positively correlated with the adenine nucleotides hydrolyzing enzyme, E-ADA and E-NPP activities in platelets and liver of rats exposed to lambda-cyhalothin. Our results show that LCT and its metabolites may affect purinergic enzymatic cascade and cause alterations in energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhta Aouey
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health.LR17ES06, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Elghali Fares
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health.LR17ES06, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Chtourou
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health.LR17ES06, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Michèle Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, Institute of Research in Publish Health (IRSPUM), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U424, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Hamadi Fetoui
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health.LR17ES06, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Müller T, Gesing MA, Segeler M, Müller C. Sublethal insecticide exposure of an herbivore alters the response of its predator. Environ Pollut 2019; 247:39-45. [PMID: 30654252 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sublethal insecticide exposure poses risks for many non-target organisms and is a challenge for successful implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Next to detrimental effects of short-term insecticide exposure on fitness-related traits of organisms, also properties such as chemical signaling traits can be altered, which mediate intra- and interspecific communication. We investigated the effects of different durations of larval sublethal exposure to the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin on performance traits of larvae and adults of the herbivorous mustard leaf beetle, Phaedon cochleariae. Moreover, by applying a direct contact and olfactometer bioassays, we determined the reaction of a generalist predator, the ant Myrmica rubra, towards insecticide-exposed and unexposed herbivore larvae and their secretions. Already short-term sublethal insecticide exposure of a few days caused a prolonged larval development and a reduced adult body mass of males. These effects may result from an insecticide-induced reduction in energy reserves. Furthermore, ants responded more frequently to insecticide-exposed than to unexposed larvae of P. cochleariae and their secretions. This increased responsiveness of ants towards insecticide-exposed larvae may be due to an insecticide-induced change in synthesis of chrysomelidial and epichrysomelidial, the dominant compounds of the larval secretion, which act defensive against various generalist predators. In conclusion, the results highlight that short-term insecticide exposure can impair the fitness of an herbivorous species due to both direct toxic effects and an increased responsiveness of predators. Consequently, exposure of single non-target species can have consequences for ecological communities in both natural habitats and IPM programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorben Müller
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Matthias Alexander Gesing
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Markus Segeler
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Caroline Müller
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Peng Y, Xiao D, Yu G, Feng Y, Li J, Zhao X, Tang Y, Wang L, Zhang Q. Effect of an eco-friendly o/w emulsion stabilized with amphiphilic sodium alginate derivatives on lambda-cyhalothrin adsorption-desorption on natural soil minerals. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 78:230-238. [PMID: 30665641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of amphiphilic O/W emulsions, stabilized by the alkyl polyglycoside (APG) or cholesterol-grafted sodium alginate (CSAD)/APG systems, on lambda-cyhalothrin adsorption/desorption mechanisms on natural soil minerals (i.e., illite and kaolinite) were investigated. Sorption and desorption of lambda-cyhalothrin onto soil minerals was studied via batch equilibration to give insight into the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics of lambda-cyhalothrin adsorption onto minerals. The results indicate the following: (i) The adsorption processes for the APG system and CSAD/APG system include: rapid adsorption, slow adsorption, and adsorption equilibrium. The adsorption kinetics of pesticide on illite and kaolinite are in accordance with the Ho and McKay model, and the adsorption isotherm conforms to the Freundlich model. In addition, the adsorption processes of pesticide for the two systems on minerals were spontaneous and feasible (ΔG0 < 0), endothermic (ΔH0 > 0), and mainly involved chemical bonding (ΔH0 > 60). (ii) The equilibrium adsorption percentages of the pesticide on illite for the APG system and CSAD/APG system were 42.4% and 64.8%, and the corresponding equilibrium adsorption percentages on kaolinite were 40.8% and 61.8%, respectively. Moreover, the pesticide adsorption rate K2-CSAD/APG was faster than K2-APG, and its adsorption capacity Kf-CSAD/APG was greater than Kf-APG. Meanwhile, the pesticide desorption Kfd in the CSAD/APG system was smaller than that in the APG system. As a result, this eco-friendly O/W emulsion based on amphiphilic sodium alginate derivatives might provide a green pesticide formulation, since it could reduce the amount of lambda-cyhalothrin entering aquatic systems to threaten non-target fish and invertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
| | - Dunchao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
| | - Gaobo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yuhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China.
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yiyuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
| | - Longzheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
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González MA, Bell MJ, Bernhardt SA, Brazil RP, Dilger E, Courtenay O, Hamilton JGC. Susceptibility of wild-caught Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) sand flies to insecticide after an extended period of exposure in western São Paulo, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:110. [PMID: 30871639 PMCID: PMC6419423 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Brazil, members of the sand fly species complex Lutzomyia longipalpis transmit Leishmania infantum, a protist parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis. Male Lu. longipalpis produce a sex pheromone that is attractive to both females and males. During a cluster randomised trial, to determine the combined effect of synthetic sex-aggregation pheromone and insecticide on Le. infantum transmission Lu. longipalpis had been continuously exposed to insecticide for 30 months. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of continuous exposure to the insecticides used in the trial on the susceptibility of Lu. longipalpis population. METHODS During the trial the sand flies had been exposed to either lambda-cyhalothrin [pheromone + residual insecticide spray (PI)], deltamethrin [dog collars (DC)] or no insecticide [control (C)], for 30 months (November 2012 to April 2015). The insecticide treatment regime was kept in place for an additional 12 months (May 2015-April 2016) during this susceptibility study. Sand flies collected from the field were exposed to WHO insecticide-impregnated papers cyhalothrin (0.05%), deltamethrin (0.5%) and control (silicone oil) in a modified WHO insecticide exposure trial to determine their susceptibility. RESULTS We collected 788 Lu. longipalpis using CDC-light traps in 31 municipalities across the three trial arms. Probit analysis showed that the knockdown times (KDTs) of Lu. longipalpis collected from the lambda-cyhalothrin exposed PI-arm [KDT50: 31.1 min, confidence interval (CI): 29.6-32.6 and KDT90: 44.2 min, CI: 42.1-46.7] were longer than the KDTs from the non-insecticide-treated C-arm (KDT50: 26.3 min, CI: 25.1-27.6 and KDT90: 38.2, CI: 36.5-40.2) (no-overlapping 95% CIs). KDTs of Lu. longipalpis collected from the deltamethrin exposed DC-arm had similar values (KDT50: 13.7 min, CI: 10.1-16.2 and KDT90: 26.7 min, CI: 21.8-30.6) to those for the C-arm (KDT50: 13.5 min; CI: 12.2-14.8 and KDT90: 23.2 min, CI: 21.4-25.4) (overlapping CIs). The wild-caught unexposed Lu. longipalpis (C-arm), took approximately twice as long to knock down as laboratory-colonised specimens for both insecticides. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals slight changes in KDT, in sand flies after prolonged exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin in the presence of pheromone. These changes are not considered to have reached the reference levels indicative of resistance in sand flies suggesting that pheromone and insecticide treatment at the level indicated in this study do not constitute a significant risk of increased insecticide resistance. Prolonged exposure to deltamethrin in dog collars did not result in changes to KDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel A. González
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancashire, LA1 4YG UK
- Present Address: Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario (NEIKER-Teknalia), Derio, 48160 Biscay Spain
| | - Melissa J. Bell
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancashire, LA1 4YG UK
| | | | - Reginaldo P. Brazil
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundaçao Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 4365 Brazil
| | - Erin Dilger
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Orin Courtenay
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - James G. C. Hamilton
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancashire, LA1 4YG UK
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Shen Y, Zhu H, Cui J, Wang A, Zhao X, Cui B, Wang Y, Cui H. Construction of Lambda-Cyhalothrin Nano-Delivery System with a High Loading Content and Controlled-Release Property. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018; 8:E1016. [PMID: 30563243 PMCID: PMC6315355 DOI: 10.3390/nano8121016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Traditional pesticide formulations are limited by large organic solvent consumption, poor dispersibility, and poor foliar adhesion, resulting in low effective pesticides utilization and environmental pollution. To prolong the foliar pesticide retention and release time, a high lambda-cyhalothrin (LC)-loaded nano-delivery system was constructed, using polylactic acid (PLA) as a carrier through a solvent evaporation method. The obtained results showed that the stabilizer concentration, water⁻oil ratio, and carrier content exert a major influence on the LC loading, particle size, and size distribution. The prepared LC/PLA nanoparticles have a uniform spherical shape with a smooth surface. The size of the nanoparticles was less than 200 nm, and the LC loading capacity reached up to 46.6 wt.%, with a high encapsulation efficiency (exceeding 90%). Adjustment of the shear and ultrasonic time changed the size of the nanoparticles. Significant differences were found in the sustained release properties of LC/PLA nanoparticles with different LC loadings. The foliage adhesion of the LC nano-delivery system far exceeded that of the commercial LC formulation due to a low surface tension and a low contact angle, this foliage adhesion would greatly help to improve pesticide utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Huaxin Zhu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jianxia Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Anqi Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Bo Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Haixin Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Saeed R, Abbas N, Razaq M, Mahmood Z, Naveed M, Ur Rehman HM. Field evolved resistance to pyrethroids, neonicotinoids and biopesticides in Dysdercus koenigii (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae) from Punjab, Pakistan. Chemosphere 2018; 213:149-155. [PMID: 30216815 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The red cotton bug, Dysdercus koenigii (Fabricius) is an important emerging economic pest of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum Linnaeus in Pakistan. Insecticides are the primary management tactics to suppress populations of this pest. However, resistance to insecticides evolves due to substantial and repeated applications. The resistance to pyrethroids, neonicotinoids and biopesticides have been evaluated in many pests worldwide, nevertheless lack of information in D. koenigii. Therefore, the aforementioned insecticide resistance in five field populations of D. koenigii collected from Multan, Makhdoom Rashid, Jahanian, Lodhran and Vehari districts of Punjab, Pakistan during 2015-2017 was determined by using seed dip method. Based on the present results, D. koenigii has developed moderate to very high resistance to acetamiprid (RR = 33-433) and imidacloprid (RR = 21-173), low to high resistance to emamectin benzoate (RR = 14-52), and very low to high resistance to spinosad (RR = 4.13-54), compared to the susceptible population. However, all field populations of D. koenigii remained susceptible to deltamethrin (RR = 0.62-2.17) and lambda-cyhalothrin (RR = 0.91-1.97). A rotational use of pyrethroids with provision of other integrated pest management tactics is recommended to manage insecticide resistance in D. koenigii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Saeed
- Entomology Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Abbas
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Razaq
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Zahid Mahmood
- Entomology Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Entomology Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan
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Zhang XP, Jing TF, Zhang DX, Luo J, Li BX, Liu F. Assessment of ethylene glycol diacetate as an alternative carrier for use in agrochemical emulsifiable concentrate formulation. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 163:349-355. [PMID: 30059879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The conventional emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation contains a large amount of aromatic solvents, which causes adverse effects to both the environment and human health due to the toxicity of the solvents. Here, we developed a 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin EC formulation with ethylene glycol diacetate (EGDA) as the solvent, and the developed formulation serves as an environmental-friendly alternative to overcome the adverse effects of aromatic solvents. The physicochemical characterizations, wettability properties, phytotoxicity and bioassays of the EGDA-EC formulation were systematically investigated and compared with that of the EC formulation with xylene as the solvent. The results showed that both EC formulations had excellent emulsion properties and storage stabilities. Additionally, the EGDA-EC formulation possessed a higher flash point (96 °C), indicating safer production, storage and transport. The retentions of the EGDA-EC sample on leaves were 1.22-1.46-fold higher than that of the xylene-EC sample, and the EGDA-EC also exhibited lower surface tensions and contact angles, which would benefit decreasing drift-off and improving utilization. Furthermore, the bioassays demonstrated that the EGDA-EC formulation had lower acute toxicity to aquatic organisms and higher control efficacy to target insects compared with the xylene-EC formulation. Therefore, EGDA is a promising carrier for oil-soluble agrochemicals to improve their application performance and reduce their adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Tong-Fang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Da-Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Bei-Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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Fan X, Zhao S, Hu J. Dissipation behavior and dietary risk assessment of lambda-cyhalothrin, thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin in apple after open field application. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 101:135-141. [PMID: 30445137 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The dissipation dynamics and residue amounts of lambda-cyhalothrin, thiamethoxam and clothianidin in apple were investigated by using rapid resolution liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (RRLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The developed method performed satisfactory recoveries of 88%-105% and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.01 mg kg-1. The suspension concentrate (SC) formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin and thiamethoxam was applied on apple field in accordance with good agricultural practice (GAP). The half-lives of two pesticides ranged from 7.01 d to 17.3 d and the terminal residues were <0.01-0.21 mg kg-1. Based on the Chinese dietary pattern, the dietary risk of lambda-cyhalothrin and total thiamethoxam were predicted by comparing intake amounts with the toxicological data, namely acceptable daily intake (ADI) and acute reference dose (ARfD). The chronic and acute risk quotients were 0.1080-0.4463 and 0.0008-0.2005, respectively, which showed negligible risk for general consumers. The pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 21 d was suggested for the formulation in compliance with maximum residue limit (MRL) and dietary risk assessment, meanwhile, the MRL of 0.1 mg kg-1 was recommended for thiamethoxam in apple. These results were vital for guiding reasonable usage of two insecticides and for approval of formulation use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Fan
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Shengming Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Jiye Hu
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
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Li H, Fang Y, Ni C, Chen X, Mo J, Lv Y, Chen Y, Chen X, Lian Q, Ge RS. Lambda-cyhalothrin delays pubertal Leydig cell development in rats. Environ Pollut 2018; 242:709-717. [PMID: 30029170 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) is a widely used broad-spectrum pyrethroid insecticide and is expected to cause deleterious effects on the male reproductive system. However, the effects of LCT on Leydig cell development during puberty are unclear. The current study addressed these effects. Twenty-eight-day-old male Sprague Dawley rats orally received LCT (0, 0.25, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg body weight/day) for 30 days. The levels of serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone, Leydig cell number, and its specific gene and protein expression were determined. LCT exposure lowered serum testosterone levels at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg and luteinizing hormone levels at a dose of 1 mg/kg, but increased follicle-stimulating hormone levels at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. LCT lowered Star and Hsd3b1 mRNA or their protein levels at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Immature Leydig cells were purified from pubertal rats and treated with different concentrations of LCT for 24 h and medium androgen levels, Leydig cell mRNA and protein levels, the mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm), and the apoptotic rate of immature Leydig cells were investigated. LCT inhibited androgen production at 5 μM and downregulated Scarb1 at 0.05 μM, Hsd3b1 and Hsd11b1 at 0.5 μM, and Cyp11a1 at 5 μM. LCT also decreased △Ψm at 0.5 and 50 μM. In conclusion, LCT can influence the function of Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huitao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yinghui Fang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Chaobo Ni
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiuxiu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jiaying Mo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yao Lv
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yong Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xianwu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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