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Tripathy V, Sharma KK, Gupta R, Yadav R, Devi S, Sharma K, Singh G, Kalra S, Aggarwal A, Tandekar K, Verma A, Walia S. Simultaneous monitoring and dietary risk assessment of 386 pesticides in market samples of black tea. Food Chem 2023; 420:136103. [PMID: 37040686 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Black tea samples (390) collected from local markets situated in different locations of India were monitored for the residues of 386 pesticides using QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) based extraction and analysis by gas and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS). Residues of seventeen pesticides were detected, of which propargite, cypermethrin, and novaluron showed the highest % positive detections. A comparison of the concentrations of the detected pesticide residues with the available national and international maximum residue limits (MRLs) showed that seven samples exceeded the Indian MRLs while no sample was found to exceed the CODEX MRLs. The risk due to the detected pesticide levels evaluated in terms of hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) was found to be very low (<1), suggesting that the pesticide residues in the tea were safe for consumption by Indian adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Tripathy
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
| | - Krishan Kumar Sharma
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Rajbir Yadav
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Suneeta Devi
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Khushbu Sharma
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Gitansh Singh
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Shobhita Kalra
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Akanksha Aggarwal
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Kesar Tandekar
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Ankita Verma
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Suresh Walia
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
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Tripathy V, Sharma KK, Sharma K, Gupta R, Yadav R, Singh G, Aggarwal A, Walia S. Monitoring and dietary risk assessment of pesticide residues in brinjal, capsicum, tomato, and cucurbits grown in Northern and Western regions of India. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tripathy V, Sharma KK, Mohapatra S, Siddamallaiah L, Matadha NY, Patil CS, Saindane YS, Deore B, Rao CS, Parmar KD, Litoriya NS, Shah PG, Sharma K. Persistence evaluation of fluopyram + tebuconazole residues on mango and pomegranate and their risk assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:33180-33190. [PMID: 35022971 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of combination formulation of fluopyram 200 + tebuconazole 200-400 SC was evaluated across different agro-climates in India for the management of fungal diseases in two commercially important fruit crops, mango and pomegranate. The residues were extracted using quick easy cheap effective rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method and quantification was done on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The fungicide degradation followed 1st-order kinetics and the half-lives were 2.9-6.4 days for mango, and 3.5-7.4 days for pomegranate for both the fungicides. On the basis of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) maximum residue limit (MRL) calculation, 1.0 mg kg-1 MRL was obtained for fluopyram while for tebuconazole, it was 0.5 mg kg-1 on mango, at the pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 5 days. For pomegranate, the respective MRLs were 1.0 mg kg-1 and 0.7 mg kg-1 at PHI of 7 days. The dietary risk assessment study indicated that % acceptable daily intake (% ADI) and % acute reference dose (% ARfD) were much lower than 100; thus, the application of fluopyram and tebuconazole on mango and pomegranate is unlikely to present public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Tripathy
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project On Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Krishan Kumar Sharma
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project On Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
| | - Soudamini Mohapatra
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), All India Network Project On Pesticide Residues, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Lekha Siddamallaiah
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), All India Network Project On Pesticide Residues, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagapooja Yogendraiah Matadha
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), All India Network Project On Pesticide Residues, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chidanand Shiveshankar Patil
- Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth (MPKV), All India Network Project On Pesticide Residues, Rahuri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yogesh Subhash Saindane
- Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth (MPKV), All India Network Project On Pesticide Residues, Rahuri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhaidas Deore
- Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth (MPKV), All India Network Project On Pesticide Residues, Rahuri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Cherukuri Sreenivasa Rao
- Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), All India Network Project On Pesticide Residues, Rajendranagar, Telangana, India
| | - Kaushik D Parmar
- Anand Agricultural University (AAU), All India Network Project On Pesticide Residues, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Nitesh S Litoriya
- Anand Agricultural University (AAU), All India Network Project On Pesticide Residues, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Paresh G Shah
- Anand Agricultural University (AAU), All India Network Project On Pesticide Residues, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Khushbu Sharma
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project On Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
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Sharma KK, Tripathy V, Sharma K, Gupta R, Yadav R, Devi S, Walia S. Long-term monitoring of 155 multi-class pesticide residues in Indian vegetables and their risk assessment for consumer safety. Food Chem 2021; 373:131518. [PMID: 34772571 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A systematic long-term study was conducted to monitor the pesticide residues in commercially important vegetables that are produced, consumed, and exported from India. Residues of 155 commonly used pesticides were determined in 966 samples of cabbage, green chilli, and okra grown in North and North-Western part of India. The residues were extracted using modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. Acetamiprid, cypermethrin, imidacloprid, metalaxyl, and profenofos were the most frequently detected pesticides. No pesticide was detected in 94.4% cabbage, 34.5% green chilli, and 61% okra samples. The chronic risk assessment due to the dietary exposure of the pesticides was evaluated for Indian adult and child. The results suggested that the detected residue levels in vegetables were within safe limits and their consumption will not pose any dietary risk to the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar Sharma
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Vandana Tripathy
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
| | - Khushbu Sharma
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Rajbir Yadav
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Suneeta Devi
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Suresh Walia
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
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Tripathy V, Sharma KK, George T, Patil CS, Saindane YS, Mohapatra S, Siddamallaiah L, Pathan ARK, Yadav AK, Sharma K, Yadav R, Gupta R, Walia S. Dissipation kinetics and risk assessment of iprovalicarb + propineb fungicide in tomato under different agroclimates. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:31909-31919. [PMID: 33616825 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multi-location supervised field trials in India were conducted with a combination pesticide formulation (iprovalicarb 5.5% + propineb 61.25%, 66.75% WP) in tomato to study dissipation behavior at single (iprovalicarb 137.5 g a.i. ha-1 + propineb 1531.25 g a.i. ha-1) and double (iprovalicarb 275 g a.i. ha-1 + propineb 3062.5 g a.i. ha-1) dose. The samples were processed using a modified QuEChERS method for iprovalicarb and acid hydrolysis followed by carbon disulfide estimation for propineb and confirmation of their respective residues by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS. Both the fungicides in tomato fruits obey first-order kinetics irrespective of location and doses. Half-life (t1/2) values at all the four locations ranged from 1.08 to 4.67 days for iprovalicarb and 3.36 to 11.41 days for propineb in tomato. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has set MRL of 1 mg kg-1 for propineb, but no MRL is yet fixed for iprovalicarb. Using OECD MRL calculator, the calculated MRL for iprovalicarb and propineb was found to be 2 and 4 mg kg-1, respectively. The hazard quotient (HQ) < 1, theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) < acceptable daily intake (ADI), TMDI < maximum permissible intake (MPI), percent acute hazard index (% aHI) ≤ 1, and percent chronic hazard index (% cHI) < 1 for both the fungicides indicated that the combination formulation will not pose any dietary risk and thus considered safe for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Tripathy
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Krishan Kumar Sharma
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
| | - Thomas George
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Kerala Agricultural University (KAU), Vellayani, Kerala, India
| | - Chidanand Shiveshankar Patil
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth (MPKV), Rahuri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yogesh Subhash Saindane
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth (MPKV), Rahuri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Soudamini Mohapatra
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Lekha Siddamallaiah
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Abdul Rashid Khan Pathan
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University (SKNAU), Jobner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amit Kumar Yadav
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University (SKNAU), Jobner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Khushbu Sharma
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Rajbir Yadav
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Suresh Walia
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
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Sharma KK, Tripathy V, Mohapatra S, Matadha NY, Pathan ARK, Sharma BN, Dubey JK, Katna S, George T, Tayade A, Sharma K, Gupta R, Walia S. Dissipation kinetics and consumer risk assessment of novaluron + lambda-cyhalothrin co-formulation in cabbage. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111494. [PMID: 33120258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cabbage, one of the most popular vegetables in the world is infested by several insect-pests and diseases. Novaluron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor and lambda-cyhalothrin, a synthetic pyrethroid group insecticide are used to manage insect-pests on cabbage. The dissipation kinetics and risk assessment of combination formulation (novaluron 9.45% + lambda-cyhalothrin 1.9%) with different modes of action has not yet been investigated in cabbage. Multi-location supervised field trials were therefore, conducted in different agro-climatic regions of India for safety evaluation of the combination product. The co-formulation at the recommended (novaluron 750 g a.i. ha-1 + lambda-cyhalothrin 750 g a.i. ha-1) and double the recommended (novaluron 1500 g a.i. ha-1 + lambda-cyhalothrin 1500 g a.i. ha-1) dose was sprayed on the cabbage crop. The samples were extracted and cleaned up using a modified QuEChERS method, and the residues analyzed by GC-ECD and GC-MS. The half-life (t1/2) varied between 1.77 and 2.51 and 2.00-3.38 days for novaluron and 1.36-2.24 and 1.69-3.82 days for lambda-cyhalothrin in cabbage at respective doses. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has set the MRL of 0.7 mg kg-1 for novaluron at PHI of 5 days, and no MRL is set for lambda-cyhalothrin in cabbage. On the basis of OECD MRL calculator, the MRLs of 0.6 and 1.5 mg kg-1 for novaluron and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively were calculated at the respective doses at PHI of 3 days. Hazard quotient (HQ) <1, theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) < acceptable daily intake (ADI) and < maximum permissible intake (MPI), percent acute hazard index (% aHI) <1, and percent chronic hazard index (% cHI) <1 for both novaluron and lambda-cyhalothrin suggested that the combination formulation is safe and will not pose any dietary risk to the consumers. The study will be helpful to conduct risk assessment of other pesticides/combination pesticides on food crops on which their MRLs have not yet been fixed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar Sharma
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
| | - Vandana Tripathy
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Soudamini Mohapatra
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagapooja Yogendraiah Matadha
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Abdul Rashid Khan Pathan
- Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University (SKNAU), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Durgapura, Jaipur, India
| | - Badri Narayan Sharma
- Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University (SKNAU), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Durgapura, Jaipur, India
| | - Jatiender Kumar Dubey
- Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr YSPUHF), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sapna Katna
- Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr YSPUHF), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Thomas George
- Kerala Agricultural University (KAU), All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Vellayani, Kerala, India
| | - Amol Tayade
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushbu Sharma
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Walia
- Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Tripathy V, Sharma KK, Yadav R, Devi S, Tayade A, Sharma K, Pandey P, Singh G, Patel AN, Gautam R, Gupta R, Kalra S, Shukla P, Walia S, Shakil NA. Development, validation of QuEChERS-based method for simultaneous determination of multiclass pesticide residue in milk, and evaluation of the matrix effect. J Environ Sci Health B 2019; 54:394-406. [PMID: 30755093 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1574169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extraction and quantification of pesticide residue from the milk matrix at or below the established maximum residue limit (MRL) is a challenging task for both analytical chemists and the regulatory institutions to take corrective actions for the human health and safety. The main aim of the study is to develop a simple rapid and less expensive QuEChERS extraction and cleanup method for simultaneous analysis of 41 multiclass pesticide residue in milk by gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD), followed by confirmation of the residues with gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Effect of sorbent type, temperature, spiking concentration, matrix effect (ME), measurement uncertainty (MU), inter- and intra-assay repeatability, reproducibility of recovery, and trueness of the results were investigated to validate the effectiveness of the method. Limit of determination (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for all the analytes ranged within 0.001-0.02 and 0.002-0.05 µg mL-1, respectively. The % recovery of all the pesticides ranged between 91.38 and 117.56% with relative standard deviation (RSD) below 2.79%. The MU for all the analytes was ≤29% of respective LOQs, and except for few pesticides, the ME was largely negative. The method fulfilled all the SANTE guidelines and thus can be extended for routine analysis of multiclass pesticide residue in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Tripathy
- a Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues , ICAR (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) , New Delhi , India
| | - Krishan Kumar Sharma
- a Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues , ICAR (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) , New Delhi , India
| | - Rajbir Yadav
- a Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues , ICAR (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) , New Delhi , India
| | - Suneeta Devi
- a Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues , ICAR (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) , New Delhi , India
| | - Amol Tayade
- a Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues , ICAR (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) , New Delhi , India
| | - Khushbu Sharma
- a Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues , ICAR (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) , New Delhi , India
| | - Priya Pandey
- a Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues , ICAR (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) , New Delhi , India
| | - Gitansh Singh
- a Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues , ICAR (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) , New Delhi , India
| | - Amar Nath Patel
- a Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues , ICAR (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) , New Delhi , India
| | - Rahul Gautam
- a Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues , ICAR (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) , New Delhi , India
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- a Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues , ICAR (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) , New Delhi , India
| | - Shobhita Kalra
- a Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues , ICAR (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) , New Delhi , India
| | - Poonam Shukla
- a Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues , ICAR (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) , New Delhi , India
| | - Suresh Walia
- a Project Coordinating Cell, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues , ICAR (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) , New Delhi , India
| | - Najam Akhtar Shakil
- b Division of Agricultural Chemicals , ICAR (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) , New Delhi , India
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Sharma K, Bhushan VS, Rao CS, Reddy KN, Banerjee H, Mandal S, Singh B, Battu R, Jyot G, Sahoo S, Mohapatra S, Lekha S, Manikrao G, Radhika B, Tripathy V, Yadav R, Shukla P, Patel AN, Singh G, Devi S, Pandey P, Gautam R, Kalra S, Gupta R, Singh G, Gopal M, Walia S. Persistence, dissipation and consumer risk assessment of a combination formulation of flubendiamide and deltamethrin on cucumber. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:498-511. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1416678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K.K. Sharma
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - V. Shashi Bhushan
- bAINP on Pesticide Residues, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Cherukuri Sreenivasa Rao
- bAINP on Pesticide Residues, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - K. Narsimha Reddy
- bAINP on Pesticide Residues, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Hemanta Banerjee
- Department of Agricultural Chemicals, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Kalyani, India
| | - Swagata Mandal
- Department of Agricultural Chemicals, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Kalyani, India
| | - Balwinder Singh
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - R.S. Battu
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Gagan Jyot
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - S.K. Sahoo
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Soudamini Mohapatra
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Horticultural Research Institute, Bangaluru, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Lekha
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Horticultural Research Institute, Bangaluru, New Delhi, India
| | - Gourishankar Manikrao
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Horticultural Research Institute, Bangaluru, New Delhi, India
| | - B. Radhika
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Horticultural Research Institute, Bangaluru, New Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Tripathy
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajbir Yadav
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Shukla
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Amar Nath Patel
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gitansh Singh
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Suneeta Devi
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Priya Pandey
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Gautam
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shobhita Kalra
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Geeta Singh
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhuban Gopal
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Walia
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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9
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Sharma KK, Shukla VR, Patel AR, Vaghela KM, Patel HK, Shah PG, Banerjee H, Banerjee T, Hudait RK, Sharma D, Sahoo SK, Singh B, Tripathy V. Multilocation field trials for risk assessment of a combination fungicide Fluopicolide + Propamocarb in tomato. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:604. [PMID: 27709463 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dissipation kinetics of two systemic fungicides, namely fluopicolide and propamocarb used as a combination formulation (Infinito 68.75 SC), were studied on tomato at four different locations by the All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues to recommend their pre-harvest interval (PHI) and to propose the maximum residue limits (MRL) for the two fungicides based on chronic hazard exposure assessment. The combination fungicide was sprayed thrice at the recommended dosage of 93.75 g a.i./ha fluopicolide and 937.50 g a.i./ha propamocarb as well as at double the recommended dosage of 187.50 g a.i./ha fluopicolide and 1875.0 g a.i./ha propamocarb on tomato crops and the residues were monitored periodically by GC-MS. The fungicides dissipated to below the limit of quantification (LOQ) within 10 to 15 days, with a half-life of 2-4 days for fluopicolide and 1-2 days for propamocarb. Taking into consideration the MRLs of codex and calculations made using the method of MRL fixation of the Food Safety and Standard Authority of India (FSSAI) as well as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) calculator, MRL of 5 mg/kg is proposed for fluopicolide and 15 mg/kg for propamocarb, following critical exposure of the commodity considering PHI of 1 day.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Sharma
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - V R Shukla
- Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - A R Patel
- Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - K M Vaghela
- Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - H K Patel
- Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Paresh G Shah
- Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemanta Banerjee
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Ram K Hudait
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Debi Sharma
- ICAR-Indian Horticultural Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - S K Sahoo
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | | | - Vandana Tripathy
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Tripathy V, Saha A, Patel DJ, Basak BB, Shah PG, Kumar J. Validation of a QuEChERS-based gas chromatographic method for analysis of pesticide residues in Cassia angustifolia (senna). J Environ Sci Health B 2016; 51:508-518. [PMID: 27153296 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1170544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple multi-residue method based on modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) approach was established for the determination of 17 organochlorine (OC), 15 organophosphorous (OP) and 7 synthetic pyrethroid (SP) pesticides in an economically important medicinal plant of India, Senna (Cassia angustifolia), by gas chromatography coupled to electron capture and flame thermionic detectors (GC/ECD/FTD) and confirmation of residues was done on gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The developed method was validated by testing the following parameters: linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), matrix effect, accuracy-precision and measurement uncertainty; the validation study clearly demonstrated the suitability of the method for its intended application. All pesticides showed good linearity in the range 0.01-1.0 μg mL(-1) for OCs and OPs and 0.05-2.5 μg mL(-1) for SPs with correlation coefficients higher than 0.98. The method gave good recoveries for most of the pesticides (70-120%) with intra-day and inter-day precision < 20% in most of the cases. The limits of detection varied from 0.003 to 0.03 mg kg(-1), and the LOQs were determined as 0.01-0.049 mg kg(-1). The expanded uncertainties were <30%, which was distinctively less than a maximum default value of ±50%. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine pesticide residues in 12 commercial market samples obtained from different locations in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Tripathy
- a ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research , Anand , Gujarat , India
| | - Ajoy Saha
- a ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research , Anand , Gujarat , India
| | - Dilipkumar J Patel
- b Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Anand Agricultural University , Anand , Gujarat , India
| | - B B Basak
- a ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research , Anand , Gujarat , India
| | - Paresh G Shah
- b Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Anand Agricultural University , Anand , Gujarat , India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- a ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research , Anand , Gujarat , India
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Kale VD, Walunj AR, Battu RS, Sahoo SK, Singh B, Paramasivam M, Roy S, Banerjee T, Banerjee H, Rao CS, Reddy DJ, Reddy KN, Reddy CN, Tripathy V, Jaya M, Pant S, Gupta M, Singh G, Sharma KK. Assessment of flubendiamide residues in pigeon pea in different agro-climatic zones of India. Environ Monit Assess 2012; 184:4267-4270. [PMID: 21811770 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Supervised field trials were conducted at the research farms of four agricultural universities located at different agro-climatic zones of India to find out the harvest time residues of flubendiamide and its des-iodo metabolite on pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) during the year 2006-2007. Two spray applications of flubendiamide 20 WDG at 50 g (T(1)) and 100 g (T(2)) a.i./ha were given to the crop at 15-days interval. The foliage samples at different time intervals were drawn at only one location, however, the harvest time samples of pigeon pea grain, shell, and straw were drawn at all the four locations. The residues were estimated by HPLC coupled with UV-VIS variable detector. No residues of flubendiamide and its des-iodo metabolite were found at harvest of the crop at or above the LOQ level of 0.05 μg/g. On the basis of the data generated, a pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 28 days has been recommended and the flubendiamide 20 WDG has been registered for use on pigeon pea by Central Insecticide Board and Registration Committee, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India and the MRL has been fixed by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India under Prevention of Food and Adulteration as 0.05 μg/g on pigeon pea grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Kale
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Division of Agricultural Chemicals, IARI, New Delhi, 110 012, India
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12
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Pandher S, Sahoo SK, Battu RS, Singh B, Saiyad MS, Patel AR, Shah PG, Reddy CN, Reddy DJ, Reddy KN, Rao CS, Banerjee T, Banerjee D, Hudait R, Banerjee H, Tripathy V, Sharma KK. Persistence and dissipation kinetics of deltamethrin on chili in different agro-climatic zones of India. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2012; 88:764-768. [PMID: 22411176 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Multi-location supervised field trials were conducted at four different agro climatic locations in India to evaluate the dissipation pattern of deltamethrin on chili. Deltamethrin 10 EC was applied on chili @17.5 and 35 g a.i. ha(-1), samples of green chili were drawn at different time intervals and that of red chili and soil at harvest time and quantified by gas liquid chromatography equipped with electron capture detector. The identity of residues were confirmed by Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrophotometer in selective ion monitoring mode in mass range 181, 253 m/z. Limit of quantification of the method was found to be 0.01 mg kg(-1). Half-life of deltamethrin at application rate of 17.5 g a.i. ha(-1) varied from 0.36 to 1.99 days and at double the application rate was found to range from 0.38 to 2.06 days. Residues of deltamethrin were found below its determination limit of 0.01 mg kg(-1) in red chili and soil. On the basis of the data generated, Deltamethrin 10 EC has been registered for use on chili in India and its Maximum Residue Limit has been fixed as 0.05 μg/g.
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Satija A, Taylor FC, Khurana S, Tripathy V, Khandpur N, Bowen L, Prabhakaran D, Kinra S, Reddy KS, Ebrahim S. Differences in consumption of food items between obese and normal-weight people in India. Natl Med J India 2012; 25:10-13. [PMID: 22680313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a rising prevalence of obesity in India, and diet may be a major determinant of this. We aimed to assess differences in types and quantities of food items consumed by obese and normal-weight people in India. METHODS Cross-sectional data of 7067 factory workers and their families were used from the Indian Migration Study, conducted in four cities across northern, central and southern India. Food frequency questionnaire data were used to compare the quantities of consumption of 184 food items between 287 obese (body mass index>30 kg/m2) and 1871 normalweight (body mass index 18.50-22.99 kg/m2) individuals, using t tests and ANCOVAs. Individuals with diabetes,hypertension and cardio-vascular disease were excluded. SPSS 16.0 was used for analysis. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, location and socioeconomic status, obese individuals were found to eat significantly larger quantities of 11 food items compared with normalweight individuals. These included phulkas, chapatis/parathas/naan, plain dosa, mutton/chicken pulao/biryani, chicken fried/grilled, rasam, mixed vegetable sagu, vegetable raitha, honey,beetroot and bottlegourd (p< 0.01). Consumption of plain milk was higher among normal-weight than among obese individuals (p< 0.05). Consumption of some of these food items was also found to increase by socioeconomic status, decrease by age, and be higher among men relative to women. CONCLUSION Obese individuals were found to consume larger quantities of certain food items compared with normal weight individuals. Interventions should aim at limiting overall food consumption among obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Satija
- South Asia Network for Chronic Disease, C 1/52, First Floor, Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Stigler MH, Arora M, Dhavan P, Tripathy V, Shrivastav R, Reddy KS, Perry CL. Measuring obesity among school-aged youth in India: a comparison of three growth references. Indian Pediatr 2010; 48:105-10. [PMID: 20972296 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-011-0041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare three growth references that can be used to assess the weight status of school-aged youth living in India, with a particular focus on identifying overweight and obese youth. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Kappa scores were used to measure agreement between growth references. Regression models were used to test for differences in weight status by grade level, gender, and school type, using each growth reference. SETTING Private (n=4) and Government schools (n=4) in Delhi, India. PARTICIPANTS Students (n=1818) in eighth and tenth grade attending the schools. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Weight status was derived using age- and gender-specific cut-points provided by: (a) a national growth reference specific to India; (b) an international reference recommended by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF); and (c) a new international reference recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). RESULTS The IOTF reference consistently classified participants in a lower weight status category, compared with the national reference (k=0.57) and the WHO reference (k=0.69). The agreement between the WHO and the national references was higher (k=0.84). CONCLUSIONS To date, all published studies of childhood obesity in India have used the IOTF reference, the national reference, or an old WHO reference to measure weight status among school-going youth. The new WHO reference may be a better choice. Compared to the IOTF reference, it does not appear to underestimate obesity and can still be used to compare trends, globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Stigler
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Advancement of Healthy Living, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Austin and Houston, Texas, USA.
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Mukherjee MB, Tripathy V, Colah RB, Solanki PK, Ghosh K, Reddy BM, Mohanty D. Microsatellite diversity among the primitive tribes of India. Indian J Hum Genet 2009; 15:114-20. [PMID: 21088716 PMCID: PMC2922627 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.60187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to determine the extent of diversity at 12 microsatellite short tandem repeat (STR) loci in seven primitive tribal populations of India with diverse linguistic and geographic backgrounds. DNA samples of 160 unrelated individuals were analyzed for 12 STR loci by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Gene diversity analysis suggested that the average heterozygosity was uniformly high ( >0.7) in these groups and varied from 0.705 to 0.794. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analysis revealed that these populations were in genetic equilibrium at almost all the loci. The overall GST value was high (GST = 0.051; range between 0.026 and 0.098 among the loci), reflecting the degree of differentiation/heterogeneity of seven populations studied for these loci. The cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling of genetic distances reveal two broad clusters of populations, besides Moolu Kurumba maintaining their distinct genetic identity vis-à-vis other populations. The genetic affinity for the three tribes of the Indo-European family could be explained based on geography and Language but not for the four Dravidian tribes as reflected by the NJT and MDS plots. For the overall data, the insignificant MANTEL correlations between genetic, linguistic and geographic distances suggest that the genetic variation among these tribes is not patterned along geographic and/or linguistic lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay B Mukherjee
- Department of Hemato-Genetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13 Floor, NMS Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai - 400 012, India
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Abstract
G6PD deficiency is a common hemolytic genetic disorder, particularly in the areas endemic to malaria. Individuals are generally asymptomatic and hemolytic anemia occurs when some anti-malarial drugs or other oxidizing chemicals are administered. It has been proposed that G6PD deficiency provides protection against malaria. Maintaining of G6PD deficient alleles at polymorphic proportions is complicated because of the X-linked nature of G6PD deficiency. A comprehensive review of the literature on the hypothesis of malarial protection and the nature of the selection is being presented. Most of the epidemiological, in vitro and in vivo studies report selection for G6PD deficiency. Analysis of the G6PD gene also reveals that G6PD-deficient alleles show some signatures of selection. However, the question of how this polymorphism is being maintained remains unresolved because the selection/fitness coefficients for the different genotypes in the two sexes have not been established. Prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Indian caste and tribal populations and the different variants reported has also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tripathy
- Molecular Anthropology Group, Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Street No. 8, Habsiguda, Hyderabad - 500 007, AP, India
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