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Pannala VR, Vinnakota KC, Estes SK, Trenary I, OˈBrien TP, Printz RL, Papin JA, Reifman J, Oyama T, Shiota M, Young JD, Wallqvist A. Genome-Scale Model-Based Identification of Metabolite Indicators for Early Detection of Kidney Toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2020; 173:293-312. [PMID: 31722432 PMCID: PMC8000070 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying early indicators of toxicant-induced organ damage is critical to provide effective treatment. To discover such indicators and the underlying mechanisms of toxicity, we used gentamicin as an exemplar kidney toxicant and performed systematic perturbation studies in Sprague Dawley rats. We obtained high-throughput data 7 and 13 h after administration of a single dose of gentamicin (0.5 g/kg) and identified global changes in genes in the liver and kidneys, metabolites in the plasma and urine, and absolute fluxes in central carbon metabolism. We used these measured changes in genes in the liver and kidney as constraints to a rat multitissue genome-scale metabolic network model to investigate the mechanism of gentamicin-induced kidney toxicity and identify metabolites associated with changes in tissue gene expression. Our experimental analysis revealed that gentamicin-induced metabolic perturbations could be detected as early as 7 h postexposure. Our integrated systems-level analyses suggest that changes in kidney gene expression drive most of the significant metabolite alterations in the urine. The analyses thus allowed us to identify several significantly enriched injury-specific pathways in the kidney underlying gentamicin-induced toxicity, as well as metabolites in these pathways that could serve as potential early indicators of kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat R Pannala
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20817
| | - Kalyan C Vinnakota
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20817
| | - Shanea K Estes
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Irina Trenary
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tracy P OˈBrien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard L Printz
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jason A Papin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jaques Reifman
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
| | - Tatsuya Oyama
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20817
| | - Masakazu Shiota
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jamey D Young
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
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Caballero-Gallardo K, Olivero-Verbel J, Freeman JL. Toxicogenomics to Evaluate Endocrine Disrupting Effects of Environmental Chemicals Using the Zebrafish Model. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:515-527. [PMID: 28217008 PMCID: PMC5282603 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160513105959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent of our knowledge on the number of chemical compounds related to anthropogenic activities that can cause damage to the environment and to organisms is increasing. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are one group of potentially hazardous substances that include natural and synthetic chemicals and have the ability to mimic endogenous hormones, interfering with their biosynthesis, metabolism, and normal functions. Adverse effects associated with EDC exposure have been documented in aquatic biota and there is widespread interest in the characterization and understanding of their modes of action. Fish are considered one of the primary risk organisms for EDCs. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are increasingly used as an animal model to study the effects of endocrine disruptors, due to their advantages compared to other model organisms. One approach to assess the toxicity of a compound is to identify those patterns of gene expression found in a tissue or organ exposed to particular classes of chemicals, through new technologies in genomics (toxicogenomics), such as microarrays or whole-genome sequencing. Application of these technologies permit the quantitative analysis of thousands of gene expression changes simultaneously in a single experiment and offer the opportunity to use transcript profiling as a tool to predict toxic outcomes of exposure to particular compounds. The application of toxicogenomic tools for identification of chemicals with endocrine disrupting capacity using the zebrafish model system is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Caballero-Gallardo
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group. Campus of Zaragocilla. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences.University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group. Campus of Zaragocilla. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences.University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
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Verbist BMP, Verheyen GR, Vervoort L, Crabbe M, Beerens D, Bosmans C, Jaensch S, Osselaer S, Talloen W, Van den Wyngaert I, Van Hecke G, Wuyts D, Van Goethem F, Göhlmann HWH. Integrating High-Dimensional Transcriptomics and Image Analysis Tools into Early Safety Screening: Proof of Concept for a New Early Drug Development Strategy. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1914-25. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dirk Wuyts
- Janssen R&D, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
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Abstract
Efforts are underway to develop novel platforms for stroke diagnosis to meet the criteria for effective treatment within the narrow time window mandated by the FDA-approved therapeutic (<3 h). Blood-based biomarkers could be used for rapid stroke diagnosis and coupled with new analytical tools, could serve as an attractive platform for managing stroke-related diseases. In this review, we will discuss the physiological processes associated with stroke and current diagnostic tools as well as their associated shortcomings. We will then review information on blood-based biomarkers and various detection technologies. In particular, point of care testing that permits small blood volumes required for the analysis and rapid turn-around time measurements of multiple markers will be presented.
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5
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DeBord DG, Burgoon L, Edwards SW, Haber LT, Kanitz MH, Kuempel E, Thomas RS, Yucesoy B. Systems Biology and Biomarkers of Early Effects for Occupational Exposure Limit Setting. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S41-54. [PMID: 26132979 PMCID: PMC4654673 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2015.1060324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In a recent National Research Council document, new strategies for risk assessment were described to enable more accurate and quicker assessments. This report suggested that evaluating individual responses through increased use of bio-monitoring could improve dose-response estimations. Identification of specific biomarkers may be useful for diagnostics or risk prediction as they have the potential to improve exposure assessments. This paper discusses systems biology, biomarkers of effect, and computational toxicology approaches and their relevance to the occupational exposure limit setting process. The systems biology approach evaluates the integration of biological processes and how disruption of these processes by chemicals or other hazards affects disease outcomes. This type of approach could provide information used in delineating the mode of action of the response or toxicity, and may be useful to define the low adverse and no adverse effect levels. Biomarkers of effect are changes measured in biological systems and are considered to be preclinical in nature. Advances in computational methods and experimental -omics methods that allow the simultaneous measurement of families of macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins in a single analysis have made these systems approaches feasible for broad application. The utility of the information for risk assessments from -omics approaches has shown promise and can provide information on mode of action and dose-response relationships. As these techniques evolve, estimation of internal dose and response biomarkers will be a critical test of these new technologies for application in risk assessment strategies. While proof of concept studies have been conducted that provide evidence of their value, challenges with standardization and harmonization still need to be overcome before these methods are used routinely.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Gayle DeBord
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lyle Burgoon
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Stephen W. Edwards
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Lynne T. Haber
- Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA), Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - M. Helen Kanitz
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Eileen Kuempel
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Education and Information Division, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Russell S. Thomas
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- The Hamner Institute for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Berran Yucesoy
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Heath Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Moser VC, Stewart N, Freeborn DL, Crooks J, MacMillan DK, Hedge JM, Wood CE, McMahen RL, Strynar MJ, Herr DW. Assessment of serum biomarkers in rats after exposure to pesticides of different chemical classes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 282:161-74. [PMID: 25497286 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing emphasis on the use of biomarkers of adverse outcomes in safety assessment and translational research. We evaluated serum biomarkers and targeted metabolite profiles after exposure to pesticides (permethrin, deltamethrin, imidacloprid, carbaryl, triadimefon, fipronil) with different neurotoxic actions. Adult male Long-Evans rats were evaluated after single exposure to vehicle or one of two doses of each pesticide at the time of peak effect. The doses were selected to produce similar magnitude of behavioral effects across chemicals. Serum or plasma was analyzed using commercial cytokine/protein panels and targeted metabolomics. Additional studies of fipronil used lower doses (lacking behavioral effects), singly or for 14 days, and included additional markers of exposure and biological activity. Biomarker profiles varied in the number of altered analytes and patterns of change across pesticide classes, and discriminant analysis could separate treatment groups from control. Low doses of fipronil produced greater effects when given for 14 days compared to a single dose. Changes in thyroid hormones and relative amounts of fipronil and its sulfone metabolite also differed between the dosing regimens. Most cytokine changes reflected alterations in inflammatory responses, hormone levels, and products of phospholipid, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism. These findings demonstrate distinct blood-based analyte profiles across pesticide classes, dose levels, and exposure duration. These results show promise for detailed analyses of these biomarkers and their linkages to biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia C Moser
- Neurotoxicology Branch/Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Nicholas Stewart
- Neurotoxicology Branch/Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Danielle L Freeborn
- Neurotoxicology Branch/Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - James Crooks
- Analytical Chemistry Research Core/Research Cores Unit, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Denise K MacMillan
- Analytical Chemistry Research Core/Research Cores Unit, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Joan M Hedge
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Charles E Wood
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Rebecca L McMahen
- ORISE fellow, Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Mark J Strynar
- Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - David W Herr
- Neurotoxicology Branch/Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
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Development of blood biomarkers for drug-induced liver injury: an evaluation of their potential for risk assessment and diagnostics. Mol Diagn Ther 2014; 17:343-54. [PMID: 23868512 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-013-0049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a rare but serious complication in drug therapy that is a primary cause of drug failure during clinical trials. Conventional biomarkers, particularly the serum transaminases and bilirubin, serve as useful indicators of hepatocellular or cholestatic liver injury, respectively, but only after substantial and sometimes irreversible tissue damage. Ideally, more sensitive biomarkers that respond very early before irreversible injury has occurred would offer improved outcomes. Novel biomarkers are initially being developed in animal models exposed to intrinsically hepatotoxic stimuli. However, the eventual translation to human populations, even those with known risk factors that predispose the liver to drug toxicity, would be the fundamental goal. Ultimately, some might even be applicable for the early identification of individuals predisposed to idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity potential. This article reviews recent progress in the discovery and qualification of novel biomarkers for DILI and delineates the path to eventual utilization for risk assessment. Some major categories of plasma or serum biomarkers surveyed include proteins, cytokines, circulating mRNAs, and microRNAs.
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Campion S, Aubrecht J, Boekelheide K, Brewster DW, Vaidya VS, Anderson L, Burt D, Dere E, Hwang K, Pacheco S, Saikumar J, Schomaker S, Sigman M, Goodsaid F. The current status of biomarkers for predicting toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:1391-408. [PMID: 23961847 PMCID: PMC3870154 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.827170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are significant rates of attrition in drug development. A number of compounds fail to progress past preclinical development due to limited tools that accurately monitor toxicity in preclinical studies and in the clinic. Research has focused on improving tools for the detection of organ-specific toxicity through the identification and characterization of biomarkers of toxicity. AREAS COVERED This article reviews what we know about emerging biomarkers in toxicology, with a focus on the 2012 Northeast Society of Toxicology meeting titled 'Translational Biomarkers in Toxicology.' The areas covered in this meeting are summarized and include biomarkers of testicular injury and dysfunction, emerging biomarkers of kidney injury and translation of emerging biomarkers from preclinical species to human populations. The authors also provide a discussion about the biomarker qualification process and possible improvements to this process. EXPERT OPINION There is currently a gap between the scientific work in the development and qualification of novel biomarkers for nonclinical drug safety assessment and how these biomarkers are actually used in drug safety assessment. A clear and efficient path to regulatory acceptance is needed so that breakthroughs in the biomarker toolkit for nonclinical drug safety assessment can be utilized to aid in the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Campion
- Principal Scientist, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, MS 8274 1260, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Jiri Aubrecht
- Senior Director, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, MS 8274-1424, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- Professor of Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - David W Brewster
- Vice-President, Global Head Drug Safety Evaluation, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 130 Waverly Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vishal S Vaidya
- Assistant Professor of Medicine and Environmental Health, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, Renal Division, Department of Environmental Health, Rm 510, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Linnea Anderson
- Graduate Student, Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Deborah Burt
- Scientist, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, MS 8274- 1234, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Edward Dere
- Postdoctoral Associate, Rhode Island Hospital, Division of Urology, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Kathleen Hwang
- Assistant Professor, Rhode Island Hospital, Division of Urology, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Sara Pacheco
- Graduate Student, Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Janani Saikumar
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Rm 510, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shelli Schomaker
- Principal Scientist, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, MS 8274-1227, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Mark Sigman
- Chief of Urology, Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital, Division of Urology, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Federico Goodsaid
- Vice President, Strategic Regulatory Intelligence, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1050 K Street NW, Suite 1125, Washington, DC 20016, USA
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Abstract
Toxicology is and will be heavily influenced by advances in many scientific disciplines. For toxicologic pathology, particularly relevant are the increasing array of molecular methods providing deeper insights into toxicity pathways, in vivo imaging techniques visualizing toxicodynamics and more powerful computers anticipated to allow (partly) automated morphological diagnoses. It appears unlikely that, in a foreseeable future, animal studies can be replaced by in silico and in vitro studies or longer term in vivo studies by investigations of biomarkers including toxicogenomics of shorter term studies, though the importance of such approaches will continue to increase. In addition to changes based on scientific progress, the work of toxicopathologists is and will be affected by social and financial factors, among them stagnating budgets, globalization, and outsourcing. The number of toxicopathologists in North America, Europe, and the Far East is not expected to grow. Many toxicopathologists will likely spend less time at the microscope but will be more heavily involved in early research activities, imaging, and as generalists with a broad biological understanding in evaluation and management of toxicity. Toxicologic pathology will remain important and is indispensable for validation of new methods, quality assurance of established methods, and for areas without good alternative methods.
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Nicolini C, Bragazzi N, Pechkova E. Nanoproteomics enabling personalized nanomedicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1522-31. [PMID: 22820526 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Arrays utilize a complex mammalian cell free expression system to produce proteins in situ. In alternative to fluorescent-labeled approaches a new label free method, emerging from the combined utilization of three independent and complementary nanotechnological approaches, appears capable to analyze protein function and protein-protein interaction in studies promising for personalized medicine. Quartz Micro Circuit nanogravimetry, based on frequency and dissipation factor, mass spectrometry and anodic porous alumina overcomes indeed the limits of correlated fluorescence detection plagued by the background still present after extensive washes. This could be further optimized by a homogeneous and well defined bacterial cell free expression system capable to realize the ambitious objective to quantify the regulatory protein networks in humans. Implications for personalized medicine of the above label free protein array using different test genes proteins are reported.
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11
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Dove ADM. Metabolomics Has Great Potential for Clinical and Nutritional Care and Research with Exotic Animals. Zoo Biol 2012; 32:246-50. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dasilva N, Díez P, Matarraz S, González-González M, Paradinas S, Orfao A, Fuentes M. Biomarker discovery by novel sensors based on nanoproteomics approaches. SENSORS 2012; 12:2284-308. [PMID: 22438764 PMCID: PMC3304166 DOI: 10.3390/s120202284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During the last years, proteomics has facilitated biomarker discovery by coupling high-throughput techniques with novel nanosensors. In the present review, we focus on the study of label-based and label-free detection systems, as well as nanotechnology approaches, indicating their advantages and applications in biomarker discovery. In addition, several disease biomarkers are shown in order to display the clinical importance of the improvement of sensitivity and selectivity by using nanoproteomics approaches as novel sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Dasilva
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer/IBMCC (USAL/CSIC), Departamento de Medicina and Servicio General de Citometría, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; E-Mails: (N.D.); (P.D.); (S.M.); (M.G.-G.); (A.O.)
| | - Paula Díez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer/IBMCC (USAL/CSIC), Departamento de Medicina and Servicio General de Citometría, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; E-Mails: (N.D.); (P.D.); (S.M.); (M.G.-G.); (A.O.)
| | - Sergio Matarraz
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer/IBMCC (USAL/CSIC), Departamento de Medicina and Servicio General de Citometría, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; E-Mails: (N.D.); (P.D.); (S.M.); (M.G.-G.); (A.O.)
| | - María González-González
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer/IBMCC (USAL/CSIC), Departamento de Medicina and Servicio General de Citometría, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; E-Mails: (N.D.); (P.D.); (S.M.); (M.G.-G.); (A.O.)
| | - Sara Paradinas
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer/IBMCC (USAL/CSIC), Departamento de Medicina and Servicio General de Citometría, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; E-Mails: (N.D.); (P.D.); (S.M.); (M.G.-G.); (A.O.)
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer/IBMCC (USAL/CSIC), Departamento de Medicina and Servicio General de Citometría, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; E-Mails: (N.D.); (P.D.); (S.M.); (M.G.-G.); (A.O.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-923-294-811; Fax: +34-923-294-743
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Towards a more robust approach to selecting and prosecuting promising targets and compounds. Future Med Chem 2011; 2:25-34. [PMID: 21426044 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many factors that influence predictivity in drug discovery and impact on productivity within the pharmaceutical industry. This article will concentrate on just two aspects; first, the role of investigating target modulation within a (human) disease setting, from target selection through screening to animal models, and second, potential developments in the analysis and probing of the chemical space appropriate for drug discovery and, in particular, steps to improve predictivity thus moving to a more forward-looking process. The activities associated with target selection should develop significantly over the next 5-10 years leading to a more robust association of target modulation with disease modification. In addition, better understanding of the opportunities for target modulators should drive and improve the selection of ligands suitable for therapeutic applications. Within these areas it will be important to move away from a retrospective consideration of druggable targets towards a forward-looking approach based on holistic (disease context) profiling of both (progressable) targets and subsequently their ligands. Improvements in the predictive analysis and probing of the chemical space will be needed to confront both safety and efficacy end points that currently remain major reasons for failure in the clinic. It is hoped that improvements in data visualization together with chemocentric mining of the literature will facilitate better interrogation of development and clinical data, potentially modifying research project plans to better address these key issues.
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14
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Guzman NA, Phillips TM. Immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis: A new versatile tool for determining protein biomarkers in inflammatory processes. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1565-78. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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16
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Lee KM, Han S, Park WY, Kang D. Identification and application of biomarkers in molecular and genomic epidemiologic research. J Prev Med Public Health 2011; 42:349-55. [PMID: 20009480 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.6.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are characteristic biological properties that can be detected and measured in a variety of biological matrices in the human body, including the blood and tissue, to give an indication of whether there is a threat of disease, if a disease already exists, or how such a disease may develop in an individual case. Along the continuum from exposure to clinical disease and progression, exposure, internal dose, biologically effective dose, early biological effect, altered structure and/or function, clinical disease, and disease progression can potentially be observed and quantified using biomarkers. While the traditional discovery of biomarkers has been a slow process, the advent of molecular and genomic medicine has resulted in explosive growth in the discovery of new biomarkers. In this review, issues in evaluating biomarkers will be discussed and the biomarkers of environmental exposure, early biologic effect, and susceptibility identified and validated in epidemiological studies will be summarized. The spectrum of genomic approaches currently used to identify and apply biomarkers and strategies to validate genomic biomarkers will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Mu Lee
- Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Hecht D. Applications of machine learning and computational intelligence to drug discovery and development. Drug Dev Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Hecht
- Southwestern College, Chula Vista, California
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Ozer JS, Reagan WJ, Schomaker S, Palandra J, Baratta M, Ramaiah S. Translational Biomarkers of Acute Drug‐Induced Liver Injury: The Current State, Gaps, and Future Opportunities. Biomarkers 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470918562.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Andersen ME, Al-Zoughool M, Croteau M, Westphal M, Krewski D. The future of toxicity testing. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2010; 13:163-196. [PMID: 20574896 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2010.483933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In 2007, the U.S. National Research Council (NRC) released a report, "Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy," that proposes a paradigm shift for toxicity testing of environmental agents. The vision is based on the notion that exposure to environmental agents leads to adverse health outcomes through the perturbation of toxicity pathways that are operative in humans. Implementation of the NRC vision will involve a fundamental change in the assessment of toxicity of environmental agents, moving away from adverse health outcomes observed in experimental animals to the identification of critical perturbations of toxicity pathways. Pathway perturbations will be identified using in vitro assays and quantified for dose response using methods in computational toxicology and other recent scientific advances in basic biology. Implementation of the NRC vision will require a major research effort, not unlike that required to successfully map the human genome, extending over 10 to 20 years, involving the broad scientific community to map important toxicity pathways operative in humans. This article provides an overview of the scientific tools and technologies that will form the core of the NRC vision for toxicity testing. Of particular importance will be the development of rapidly performed in vitro screening assays using human cells and cell lines or human tissue surrogates to efficiently identify environmental agents producing critical pathway perturbations. In addition to the overview of the NRC vision, this study documents the reaction by a number of stakeholder groups since 2007, including the scientific, risk assessment, regulatory, and animal welfare communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin E Andersen
- Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Aslan K, Zhang Y, Geddes CD. Sonication-assisted metal-enhanced fluorescence-based bioassays. Anal Chem 2009; 81:4713-9. [PMID: 19432434 DOI: 10.1021/ac802535s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new bioassay technique, sonication-assisted metal-enhanced fluorescence, which is based on the combined use of ultrasound waves and metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), is reported. In this technique, low-intensity ultrasound waves significantly reduce the bioassay time by creating a temperature gradient between the bulk and the surface, which is thought to result in a mass transport of biomolecules from the bulk to the surface. After the assay is completed in 1 min, fluorescence emission is enhanced due to the MEF phenomenon. For proof-of-concept, a model bioassay based on the interactions of biotin and fluorophore-labeled avidin was constructed on SIFs and was subsequently completed in <1 min using low-intensity ultrasound at 40 kHz. The end-point values for fluorescence emission from sonicated assays were compared to those measured from assays carried out at room temperature without sonication to confirm to accuracy of the new technique. The effect of sonication on the assay components were studied using optical absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. Real-time thermal imaging was used to measure the changes in temperature of the bioassay components during the sonication process. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was also employed to investigate the effect of sonication on potential surface protein denaturation and conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadir Aslan
- The Institute of Fluorescence, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA
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Mattes WB, Walker EG. Translational Toxicology and the Work of the Predictive Safety Testing Consortium. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009; 85:327-30. [DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2008.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Current world literature. Ageing: biology and nutrition. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2009; 12:95-100. [PMID: 19057195 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e32831fd97a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jiye A, Huang Q, Wang G, Zha W, Yan B, Ren H, Gu S, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Shao F, Sheng L, Sun J. Global analysis of metabolites in rat and human urine based on gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2008; 379:20-6. [PMID: 18486586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sediment in urine may contain low-molecular-weight compounds that should be included in the analysis. To date, no systematic investigation has addressed this issue. We investigated three primary factors that influence the extraction efficiency of metabolites during preparation of urine samples for metabolomic research: centrifugation, pH, and extraction solvents. Obtained with the use of gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOFMS) technique and principal component analysis (PCA), our results indicate that (1) conventional centrifugation causes an apparent loss of some metabolites, indicating that urine samples for metabolomic research should not be centrifuged before procedures are undertaken to recover the metabolites; (2) pH adjustment has a large impact on the recovery of metabolites and is therefore not encouraged; (3) with design of experiment analysis, methanol and water yield the optimal extraction efficiency. Differences between rat and human urine were observed and are discussed. Ninety-nine metabolites identified in rat and human urine are presented. An efficient protocol is proposed for the pretreatment of urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jiye
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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