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He P, Li Y, Hu J, Deng B, Tan Z, Chen Y, Yu B, Dong W. Pterostilbene suppresses gastric cancer proliferation and metastasis by inhibiting oncogenic JAK2/STAT3 signaling: In vitro and in vivo therapeutic intervention. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155316. [PMID: 38518635 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) represents a significant health burden with dire prognostic implications upon metastasis and recurrence. Pterostilbene (PTE) has been proven to have a strong ability to inhibit proliferation and metastasis in other cancers, while whether PTE exhibits anti-GC activity and its potential mechanism remain unclear. PURPOSE To explore the efficacy and potential mechanism of PTE in treating GC. METHODS We employed a comprehensive set of assays, including CCK-8, EdU staining, colony formation, flow cytometry, cell migration, and invasion assays, to detect the effect of PTE on the biological function of GC cells in vitro. The xenograft tumor model was established to evaluate the in vivo anti-GC activity of PTE. Network pharmacology was employed to predict PTE's potential targets and pathways within GC. Subsequently, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were utilized to analyze protein levels related to the cell cycle, EMT, and the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. RESULTS Our study demonstrated strong inhibitory effects of PTE on GC cells both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, PTE significantly induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 and S phases and suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells. In vivo, PTE led to a dose-dependent reduction in tumor volume and weight. Importantly, PTE exhibited notable safety, leaving mouse weight, liver function, and kidney function unaffected. The involvement of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in PTE's anti-GC effect was predicted utilizing network pharmacology. PTE suppressed JAK2 kinase activity by binding to the JH1 kinase structural domain and inhibited the downstream STAT3 signaling pathway. Western blotting confirmed PTE's inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway and EMT-associated protein levels. The anti-GC effect was partially reversed upon STAT3 activation, validating the pivotal role of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in PTE's activity. CONCLUSION Our investigation validates the potent inhibitory effects of PTE on the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells. Importantly, we present novel evidence implicating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway as the key mechanism through which PTE exerts its anti-GC activity. These findings not only establish the basis for considering PTE as a promising lead compound for GC therapeutics but also contribute significantly to our comprehension of the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying its exceptional anti-cancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yangbo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiaming Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Beiying Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zongbiao Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Baoping Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Cimmino A, Fasciglione GF, Gioia M, Marini S, Ciaccio C. Multi-Anticancer Activities of Phytoestrogens in Human Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13344. [PMID: 37686148 PMCID: PMC10487502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are plant-derived bioactive compounds with estrogen-like properties. Their potential health benefits, especially in cancer prevention and treatment, have been a subject of considerable research in the past decade. Phytoestrogens exert their effects, at least in part, through interactions with estrogen receptors (ERs), mimicking or inhibiting the actions of natural estrogens. Recently, there has been growing interest in exploring the impact of phytoestrogens on osteosarcoma (OS), a type of bone malignancy that primarily affects children and young adults and is currently presenting limited treatment options. Considering the critical role of the estrogen/ERs axis in bone development and growth, the modulation of ERs has emerged as a highly promising approach in the treatment of OS. This review provides an extensive overview of current literature on the effects of phytoestrogens on human OS models. It delves into the multiple mechanisms through which these molecules regulate the cell cycle, apoptosis, and key pathways implicated in the growth and progression of OS, including ER signaling. Moreover, potential interactions between phytoestrogens and conventional chemotherapy agents commonly used in OS treatment will be examined. Understanding the impact of these compounds in OS holds great promise for developing novel therapeutic approaches that can augment current OS treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chiara Ciaccio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Via Montpellier 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (G.F.F.); (M.G.); (S.M.)
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The Involvement of Natural Polyphenols in Molecular Mechanisms Inducing Apoptosis in Tumor Cells: A Promising Adjuvant in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021680. [PMID: 36675194 PMCID: PMC9863215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various literature data show how a diet rich in vegetables could reduce the incidence of several cancers due to the contribution of the natural polyphenols contained in them. Polyphenols are attributed multiple pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antibiotic, antiseptic, anti-allergic, cardioprotective and even anti-tumor properties. The multiple mechanisms involved in their anti-tumor action include signaling pathways modulation associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, metastasis and cell death. Since the dysregulation of death processes is involved in cancer etiopathology, the natural compounds able to kill cancer cells could be used as new anticancer agents. Apoptosis, a programmed form of cell death, is the most potent defense against cancer and the main mechanism used by both chemotherapy agents and polyphenols. The aim of this review is to provide an update of literature data on the apoptotic molecular mechanisms induced by some representative polyphenol family members in cancer cells. This aspect is particularly important because it may be useful in the design of new therapeutic strategies against cancer involving the polyphenols as adjuvants.
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Patra I, Naser RH, Hussam F, Hameed NM, Kadhim MM, Ahmad I, Awadh SA, Hamad DA, Parra RMR, Mustafa YF. Ketoprofen suppresses triple negative breast cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:85-95. [PMID: 36309613 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an invasive phenotype with undesirable clinical features, poor prognosis, and therapy resistance. Ketoprofen is a Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-tumor properties. AIM To investigate the effects of Ketoprofen on apoptosis and autophagy in TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231. METHODS The cytotoxic activity of Ketoprofen was assayed by the MTS method. Flowcytometry was utilized to measure the number of apoptotic MDA-MB-231 cells. The expression levels of apoptosis and autophagy markers, JAK2 and STAT3 were determined using quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting methods. RESULTS Ketoprofen significantly decreased the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells compared to control cells. It also considerably induced apoptosis and apoptotic markers in these cells in comparison to controls. Treating the MADA-MB-231 cell line with Ketoprofen had an inhibitory effect on autophagy markers in this cell line. The use of FasL, as a death ligand, and ZB4, as an antibody that blocks the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, revealed the involvement of the extrinsic pathway in the apoptosis-stimulating effect of Ketoprofen in the MADA-MB-231 cell line. Ketoprofen also hindered the phosphorylation and activation of JAK2 and STAT molecules leading to the inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway in this TNBC cell line. CONCLUSION The outcomes of this study uncovered the anti-TNBC activity of Ketoprofen by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting viability and autophagy in MADA-MB-231 cells. Our data also suggested that Ketoprofen impedes apoptosis in TNBC cells by two different mechanisms including the induction of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and inhibition of the JAK/STAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rana Hussein Naser
- Science Department, College of Basic Education, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Fadhil Hussam
- College of Medical Technology, Medical Lab Techniques, Al-farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Noora M Hameed
- Anesthesia techniques, Al-Nisour University College, Al-Nisour, Iraq
| | - Mustafa M Kadhim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq.
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Turath University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sura A Awadh
- Department of Anesthesia, Al-mustaqbal University, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Doaa A Hamad
- Nursing Department, Hilla University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, 41001, Mosul, Iraq
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De Luca A, Bellavia D, Raimondi L, Carina V, Costa V, Fini M, Giavaresi G. Multiple Effects of Resveratrol on Osteosarcoma Cell Lines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030342. [PMID: 35337142 PMCID: PMC8956103 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone sarcoma affecting the life of pediatric patients. The clinical treatment faces numerous difficulties, including the adverse effects of chemotherapies, chemoresistance, and recurrences. In this study, the effects of resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenol, on OS cell lines were investigated to evaluate its action as an adjuvant therapy to the current chemotherapy regimens. RSV exhibited multiple tumor-suppressing activities on OS cell lines, inducing a series of critical events. We found (1) a cell growth inhibition due to an increase in cell distress, which was, in part, due to the involvement of the AKT and caspase-3 pathways, (2) an increase in cellular differentiation due to major gene expression levels of the osteoblastic differentiation genes, (3) an inhibition of IL-6 secretion due to an epigenetic effect on the IL-6 promoter, and (4) an inhibition of OS cells migration related to the decrease in IL-8 secretion levels due to an epigenetic effect on its promoter. Finally, the cotreatment of RSV with doxorubicin and cisplatin increased their cytotoxic effect on OS cells. Although further investigations are mandatory, it seems RSV might be a promising therapeutic adjuvant agent for OS cell treatment, exerting an antitumor effect when combined with chemotherapy.
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Mengie Ayele T, Tilahun Muche Z, Behaile Teklemariam A, Bogale Kassie A, Chekol Abebe E. Role of JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway in the Tumorigenesis, Chemotherapy Resistance, and Treatment of Solid Tumors: A Systemic Review. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1349-1364. [PMID: 35241923 PMCID: PMC8887966 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s353489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway is a common signaling pathway used to transduce signals from the extracellular to the intracellular (nucleus) upon the binding of cytokines and growth factors to the extracellular domain of specific cell surface receptors. This signaling pathway is tightly regulated and has a multitude of biological functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Besides, the regulated JAK2/STAT3 signaling plays a crucial role in embryonic development, hemopoiesis, and controlling the immune system. Conversely, aberrantly activated JAK2/STAT3 is frequently detected in varieties of tumors and involved in oncogenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis of many cancer diseases that are usually refractory to the standard chemotherapy. However, the JAK3/STAT3 pathway recently emerged interestingly as a new site for the development of novel anti-tumor agents and becomes a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of many solid malignancies. Herein, this review aimed to provide insight into the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, in the hope to gain an understanding of its potential role in the pathogenesis, progression, chemotherapy resistance, and cancer therapy of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teklie Mengie Ayele
- Department of Pharmacy, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | - Endeshaw Chekol Abebe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Endeshaw Chekol Abebe, Tel +251928428133, Email
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Tanshinone IIA Inhibits Osteosarcoma Growth through a Src Kinase-Dependent Mechanism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5563691. [PMID: 34422073 PMCID: PMC8376467 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5563691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor associated with high mortality rates due to the toxic side effects of current therapeutic methods. Tanshinone IIA can inhibit cell proliferation and promote apoptosis in vitro, but the exact mechanism is still unknown. The aims of this study are to explore the antiosteosarcoma effect of tanshinone IIA via Src kinase and demonstrate the mechanism of this effect. Materials and Methods Osteosarcoma MG-63 and U2-OS cell lines were stable transfections with Src-shRNA. Then, the antiosteosarcoma effect of tanshinone IIA was tested in vitro. The protein expression levels of Src, p-Src, p-ERK1/2, and p-AKt were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR. CCK-8 assay and BrdU immunofluorescence assay were used to detect cell proliferation. Transwell assay, cell scratch assay, and flow cytometry were used to detect cell invasion, migration, and cell cycle. Tumor-bearing nude mice with osteosarcoma were constructed. The effect of tanshinone IIA was detected by tumor HE staining, tumor inhibition rate, incidence of lung metastasis, and X-ray. Results The oncogene role of Src kinase in osteosarcoma is reflected in promoting cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and in inhibiting apoptosis. However, Src has different effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation among cell lines. At a cellular level, the antiosteosarcoma effect of tanshinone IIA is mediated by Src downstream of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKt signaling pathways. At the animal level, tanshinone IIA played a role in resisting osteosarcoma formation by Src downstream of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKt signaling pathways. Conclusion Tanshinone IIA plays an antiosteosarcoma role in vitro and in vivo and inhibits the progression of osteosarcoma mediated by Src downstream of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKt signaling pathways.
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Toxicological Evaluation of Piceatannol, Pterostilbene, and ε-Viniferin for Their Potential Use in the Food Industry: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030592. [PMID: 33799882 PMCID: PMC7998146 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of stilbenes in the food industry is being considered because of their biological activities. Piceatannol, pterostilbene and ε-viniferin have awakened the industry’s interest. However, before they can be commercialized, we must first guarantee their safety for consumers. The present work reviews the toxicological studies performed with these stilbenes. A wide variety of studies has demonstrated their cytotoxic effects in both cancer and non-cancerous cell lines. In contrast, although DNA damage was detected by some authors, in vitro genotoxic studies on the effects of piceatannol, pterostilbene, and ε-viniferin remain scarce. None of the three reviewed substances have been evaluated using the in vitro tests required by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) as the first step in genotoxicity testing. We did not find any study on the toxic effects of these stilbenes in vivo. Thus, more studies are needed to confirm their safe use before they can be authorized as additive in the food industry.
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Liu Y, Liao S, Bennett S, Tang H, Song D, Wood D, Zhan X, Xu J. STAT3 and its targeting inhibitors in osteosarcoma. Cell Prolif 2020; 54:e12974. [PMID: 33382511 PMCID: PMC7848963 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is one of seven STAT family members involved with the regulation of cellular growth, differentiation and survival. STAT proteins are conserved among eukaryotes and are important for biological functions of embryogenesis, immunity, haematopoiesis and cell migration. STAT3 is widely expressed and located in the cytoplasm in an inactive form. STAT3 is rapidly and transiently activated by tyrosine phosphorylation by a range of signalling pathways, including cytokines from the IL‐6 family and growth factors, such as EGF and PDGF. STAT3 activation and subsequent dimer formation initiates nuclear translocation of STAT3 for the regulation of target gene transcription. Four STAT3 isoforms have been identified, which have distinct biological functions. STAT3 is considered a proto‐oncogene and constitutive activation of STAT3 is implicated in the development of various cancers, including multiple myeloma, leukaemia and lymphomas. In this review, we focus on recent progress on STAT3 and osteosarcoma (OS). Notably, STAT3 is overexpressed and associated with the poor prognosis of OS. Constitutive activation of STAT3 in OS appears to upregulate the expression of target oncogenes, leading to OS cell transformation, proliferation, tumour formation, invasion, metastasis, immune evasion and drug resistance. Taken together, STAT3 is a target for cancer therapy, and STAT3 inhibitors represent potential therapeutic candidates for the treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shijie Liao
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Samuel Bennett
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Haijun Tang
- Department of Orthopedic, Guangxi hospital for nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dezhi Song
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - David Wood
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xinli Zhan
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Anti-Stem Cell Property of Pterostilbene in Gastrointestinal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249347. [PMID: 33302440 PMCID: PMC7762551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene (PTE) is a natural sterbenoid contained in blueberries that has an antioxidant effect. In contrast, PTE also generates oxidative stress in cancer cells and provides an antitumor effect. Here, we examined the potential mechanism of this contrasting effect of PTE using three gastrointestinal cancer cell lines, namely CT26, HT29, and MKN74. PTE showed a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation, sphere-forming ability, and stem cell marker expression in all three cell lines. Furthermore, the cells treated with PTE showed an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in mitochondrial oxidative stress and lipid peroxide. Upon concurrent treatment with vitamin E, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and PTE, the PTE-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and growth inhibition were suppressed. These findings indicate that PTE induces oxidative stress in cancer cells, suppresses stemness, and inhibits proliferation. These antitumor effects of PTE are considered to be useful in cancer treatment.
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Recent Advances in Synthesis, Bioactivity, and Pharmacokinetics of Pterostilbene, an Important Analog of Resveratrol. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215166. [PMID: 33171952 PMCID: PMC7664215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene is a natural 3,5-dimethoxy analog of resveratrol. This stilbene compound has a strong bioactivity and exists widely in Dalbergia and Vaccinium spp. Besides natural extraction, pterostilbene can be obtained by biosynthesis. Pterostilbene has become popular because of its remarkable pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotection. Pterostilbene can be rapidly absorbed and is widely distributed in tissues, but it does not seriously accumulate in the body. Pterostilbene can easily pass through the blood-brain barrier because of its low molecular weight and good liposolubility. In this review, the studies performed in the last three years on resources, synthesis, bioactivity, and pharmacokinetics of pterostilbene are summarized. This review focuses on the effects of pterostilbene on certain diseases to explore its targets, explain the possible mechanism, and look for potential therapeutic applications.
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Advances in the Masquelet technique: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells promote angiogenesis in PMMA-induced membranes. Acta Biomater 2020; 108:223-236. [PMID: 32165192 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The periosteum plays a critical role in bone formation and defect reconstruction. The concept of tissue engineering in the periosteum has been suggested to solve the clinical problems related to bone defect repair. Insertion of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement can induce the autologous generation of a tissue-engineered periosteum and has been considered as a promising strategy for bone defect reconstruction. The PMMA-induced membrane is a crucial element in the reconstruction of bone defects, especially for angiogenesis, but its biological mechanism remains elusive. Here, a PMMA-induced membrane model was established using a femoral critically sized defect in mice. We identified myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) as a regulatory component of induced membrane vascularization. The increased number of MDSCs was markedly linked to increased membrane thickness and capillary density. Importantly, the results of an in vitro coculture assay indicated that MDSCs of the induced membrane further facilitated the angiogenic capacity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by upregulating the expression of VEGFA, Ang2 and HIF-1α. Furthermore, signaling pathway blockade results suggested that STAT3 activation is involved in the upregulation of VEGFA, Ang2 and HIF-1α expression in induced membrane MDSCs. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of angiogenesis in the PMMA-induced membrane and confirm the key signaling molecules of MDSCs in induced membrane angiogenesis. Based on these results, this strategy may become a new therapy for the treatment of large bone defects in the future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we established an autologous tissue-engineered periosteum - PMMA-induced membrane, which was formed by the foreign body reaction to PMMA bone cement. The induced membrane establishes a blood supply for the large bone defect healing. After investigation, our study discovered the critical cell type in the formation and angiogenesis processes of the induced membrane, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). We revealed that MDSCs of the induced membrane promote the angiogenesis of endothelial cells through the expression of VEGFA, Ang2 and HIF-1α, which was upregulated by the activation of STAT3 signaling. Our findings clarified the beneficial effect of MDSCs in the angiogenesis of bone repair, and offered an additional target for the study of foreign body reactions to bone repair materials.
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Pterostilbene Suppresses both Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem-Like Cells in Cervical Cancer with Superior Bioavailability to Resveratrol. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25010228. [PMID: 31935877 PMCID: PMC6982958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing studies have reported that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play critical roles in therapeutic resistance, recurrence, and metastasis of tumors, including cervical cancer. Pterostilbene, a dimethylated derivative of resveratrol, is a plant polyphenol compound with potential chemopreventive activity. However, the therapeutic effect of pterostilbene against cervical CSCs remains unclear. In this study, we compared the anticancer effects of resveratrol and pterostilbene using both HeLa cervical cancer adherent and stem-like cells. Pterostilbene more effectively inhibited the growth and clonogenic survival, as well as metastatic ability of HeLa adherent cells than those of resveratrol. Moreover, the superior inhibitory effects of pterostilbene compared to resveratrol were associated with the enhanced activation of multiple mechanisms, including cell cycle arrest at S and G2/M phases, induction of ROS-mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis, and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/-9 expression. Notably, pterostilbene exhibited a greater inhibitory effect on the tumorsphere-forming and migration abilities of HeLa cancer stem-like cells compared to resveratrol. This greater effect was achieved through more potent inhibition of the expression levels of stemness markers, such as CD133, Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog, as well as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling. These results suggest that pterostilbene might be a potential anticancer agent targeting both cancer cells and cancer stem-like cells of cervical cancer via the superior bioavailability to resveratrol.
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Shang H, Wang S, Yao J, Guo C, Dong J, Liao L. Salidroside inhibits migration and invasion of poorly differentiated thyroid cancer cells. Thorac Cancer 2019; 10:1469-1478. [PMID: 31120636 PMCID: PMC6558470 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background No effective treatment is currently available for poorly differentiated thyroid cancer which is resistant to radioiodine, especially with migration and invasion. A great number of researches have revealed the anticancer effects of salidroside, but none have studied the effects of salidroside on thyroid cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effect of salidroside on migration and invasion of poorly differentiated thyroid cancer cells. Methods The effects of salidroside on migration, invasion and apoptosis of poorly differentiated thyroid cancer WRO cells and normal thyroid follicular epithelial Nthy‐ori 3‐1 cells were measured by wound‐healing assay, transwell migration/invasion assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 at RNA and protein levels in WRO cells were detected by qRT‐PCR and western blot. The phosphorylation levels of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the apoptosis‐related protein levels of Bax, cleaved caspase 3 and Bcl‐2 were assessed by western blot. Results Salidroside significantly suppressed migration/invasion and induced apoptosis in poorly differentiated thyroid cancer WRO cells. We further illustrated that salidroside significantly inhibited expressions of MMP2 and MMP9 at mRNA and protein levels and the phosphorylation activation of JAK2/STAT3 in WRO cells. In addition, salidroside increased expressions of pro‐apoptotic factors (Bax and cleaved caspase 3) and decreased expression of anti‐apoptotic factor (Bcl‐2) significantly in WRO cells. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that salidroside inhibits migration and invasion of WRO cells (a kind of poorly differentiated cancer cell line) significantly, which might be via suppressing JAK2‐STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Shang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Congcong Guo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Pterostilbene, a bioactive component of blueberries, alleviates renal fibrosis in a severe mouse model of hyperuricemic nephropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:1802-1808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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16
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Mei H, Xiang Y, Mei H, Fang B, Wang Q, Cao D, Hu Y, Guo T. Pterostilbene inhibits nutrient metabolism and induces apoptosis through AMPK activation in multiple myeloma cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2676-2688. [PMID: 30226553 PMCID: PMC6192759 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) cells are characterized by an abnormal nutrient metabolism that is distinct from normal plasma cells. Pterostilbene (PTE), a bioactive component of blueberries, has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in multiple types of cancer cell. The present study evaluated whether PTE treatment affected the survival of MM cells from a metabolic perspective, and the potential mechanisms of this. It was observed that the administration of PTE induced apoptosis, which was mediated by the increased activation of AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK). Once activated, AMPK decreased the expression and/or activity of key lipogenic enzymes, including fatty acid synthase and acetyl‑CoA carboxylase. In addition, the activation of AMPK suppressed the downstream substrate, mechanistic target of rapamycin, which dephosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 4E‑binding protein 1, leading to a general decrease in mRNA translation. Pre‑treatment with the AMPK inhibitor compound C prior to PTE treatment compromised the anti‑myeloma apoptosis effect, suggesting the critical role of AMPK in mediating PTE‑induced cell toxicity. Consistent results were obtained in vivo. Finally, autophagy was adaptively upregulated subsequent to PTE treatment; the pro‑apoptotic efficacy of PTE was potentiated once autophagic flux was inhibited by 3‑methyladenine. Taken together, these data demonstrated that PTE exerts anti‑tumor effects on MM cells via AMPK‑induced nutrient suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Mei
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022
| | - Yu Xiang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Heng Mei
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022
| | - Bin Fang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Qiuguo Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Dedong Cao
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022
- Correspondence to: Dr Yu Hu or Dr Tao Guo, Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1,277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
| | - Tao Guo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022
- Correspondence to: Dr Yu Hu or Dr Tao Guo, Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1,277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
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17
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Yang Y, Zhou H, Liu W, Wu J, Yue X, Wang J, Quan L, Liu H, Guo L, Wang Z, Lian X, Zhang Q. Ganoderic acid A exerts antitumor activity against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells by inhibiting the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6515-6521. [PMID: 30405790 PMCID: PMC6202552 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor among females, with triple-negative breast cancer being an important type accounting for 15–20% of all breast cancer cases. Triple-negative breast cancer is one of the most aggressive types of cancer without standard adjuvant chemotherapy. Ganoderic acid A (GA-A) is one of the major bioactive Ganoderma triterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma, which are recognized for their preventative and therapeutic effects. In the present study, the antineoplastic effect of GA-A on human breast cancer was investigated and the pro-apoptotic function of Janus kinase (JAK)2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 on the function of GA-A was revealed. GA-A treatment inhibited the invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, GA-A exhibited significant antitumor activity by enhancing the apoptotic index and reactive oxygen species production. In the present study, GA-A was identified to directly inhibit JAK2 phosphorylation and STAT3 downstream activation. In addition, GA-A suppressed STAT3 target gene expression, including B cell lymphoma-extra-large and Myeloid cell leukemia 1, resulting in elevated levels of proteins associated with mitochondrial apoptosis in addition to inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase. GA-A, in combination with AG490, a JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor, further decreased MDA-MB-231 cell viability. In conclusion, GA-A treatment inhibited breast cancer cell viability via JAK2/STAT3 downregulation and may regulate associated targets to serve an anti-MDA-MB-231 role, including mitochondrial apoptosis and regulating the expression of cell-cycle-associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hongfeng Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Wenming Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Yue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jincai Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Lina Quan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Lian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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Wen W, Lowe G, Roberts CM, Finlay J, Han ES, Glackin CA, Dellinger TH. Pterostilbene Suppresses Ovarian Cancer Growth via Induction of Apoptosis and Blockade of Cell Cycle Progression Involving Inhibition of the STAT3 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071983. [PMID: 29986501 PMCID: PMC6073736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has demonstrated the promising anti-tumor effects of resveratrol in ovarian cancer cells, including its inhibitory effects on STAT3 activation. Nonetheless, the low bioavailability of resveratrol has reduced its attractiveness as a potential anti-cancer treatment. In contrast, pterostilbene, a stilbenoid and resveratrol analog, has demonstrated superior bioavailability, while possessing significant antitumor activity in multiple solid tumors. In this study, the therapeutic potential of pterostilbene was evaluated in ovarian cancer cells. Pterostilbene reduces cell viability in several different ovarian cancer cell lines by suppressing cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis. Further molecular study has shown that pterostilbene effectively suppressed phosphorylation of STAT3, as well as STAT3 downstream genes that regulate cell cycle and apoptosis, indicating that inhibition of STAT3 pathway may be involved in its anti-tumor activity. The addition of pterostilbene to the commonly used chemotherapy cisplatin demonstrated synergistic antiproliferative activity in several ovarian cancer cell lines. Pterostilbene additionally inhibited cell migration in multiple ovarian cancer cell lines. The above results suggest that pterostilbene facilitates significant anti-tumor activity in ovarian cancer via anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic mechanisms, possibly via downregulation of JAK/STAT3 pathway. Pterostilbene thus presents as an attractive non-toxic alternative for potential adjuvant or maintenance chemotherapy in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Machris 1128, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Gina Lowe
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Cai M Roberts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University, Yale, CT 06520, USA.
| | - James Finlay
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Ernest S Han
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Machris 1128, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Carlotta A Glackin
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Thanh Hue Dellinger
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Machris 1128, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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19
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Kang DY, Sp N, Kim DH, Joung YH, Lee HG, Park YM, Yang YM. Salidroside inhibits migration, invasion and angiogenesis of MDA‑MB 231 TNBC cells by regulating EGFR/Jak2/STAT3 signaling via MMP2. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:877-885. [PMID: 29901185 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The major hallmarks of tumor progression are angiogenesis, migration and metastasis. Among the components of Rhodiola rosea, salidroside (p‑hydroxyphenethyl-β‑d-glucoside) is one of the most potent, and is present in all Rhodiola species. Recent data have revealed the anticancer effects of salidroside; however, the mechanism underlying its ability to inhibit tumor angiogenesis remains unknown. The present study aimed to analyze how salidroside affects major factors involved in breast cancer, and to elucidate its ability to inhibit angiogenesis and invasion. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a marker for tumor angiogenesis and migration, which interacts with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Specifically, MMPs act as a downstream target for STAT3. Using western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, the present study demonstrated that treatment of MDA‑MB 231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells with salidroside led to inhibition of invasion and migration markers, and of STAT3 signaling. Furthermore, in vitro angiogenesis analyses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells confirmed the anti-angiogenic activity of salidroside. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay also demonstrated that salidroside may inhibit the DNA-binding activity of STAT3, preventing STAT3 from binding to a novel binding site of the MMP2 gene promoter. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that salidroside may downregulate the STAT3 signaling pathway, and inhibit cell viability, migration and invasion through MMPs in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Young Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Nipin Sp
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Doh Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Hee Joung
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Gun Lee
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Department of Immunology, Lab of Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Regulation, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mok Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk 27478, Republic of Korea
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20
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Chang HP, Lu CC, Chiang JH, Tsai FJ, Juan YN, Tsao JW, Chiu HY, Yang JS. Pterostilbene modulates the suppression of multidrug resistance protein 1 and triggers autophagic and apoptotic mechanisms in cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer CAR cells via AKT signaling. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1504-1514. [PMID: 29512708 PMCID: PMC5873834 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene is a natural polyphenolic compound that is primarily found in fruits, such as blueberries and has a similar structure to resveratrol. Pterostilbene exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity but the effects of pterostilbene on drug-resistant oral cancer cells and its underlying mechanisms of action have not yet been explored. Therefore, the present study was performed to clarify the anticancer effects of pterostilbene on cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer CAR cells. The results demonstrated that CAR cells exhibited marked shrinkage, cell membrane breakage and autophagic vacuole formation following treatment with pterostilbene. Pterostilbene also effectively inhibited cell viability and suppressed cell confluence in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Probing with acridine orange, monodansylcadaverine and LysoTracker Red demonstrated that the number of acidic vesicular organelles was increased, indicating increased autophagy. Furthermore, Heochst 33342 staining determined that DNA condensation, a characteristic of apoptosis, was enhanced following treatment with pterostilbene. Furthermore, pterostilbene upregulated mRNA levels of LC3-II and Atg12, as well as the expression of Atgs/Beclin-1/LC3-associated signaling, suggesting that it enhances autophagy. The autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and chloroquine were used to confirm that pterostilbene induces autophagy. It was also determined that pterostilbene triggered caspase-dependent apoptosis by directly testing DNA breakage and using the pan-caspase inhibitor carbobenzoxyvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone. The results demonstrated that pterostilbene mediates the apoptosis of CAR cells via the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. In addition, pterostilbene inhibited MDR1 expression and the phosphorylation of AKT on the Ser473 site in CAR cells. Therefore, pterostilbene may elicit an oral anticancer response in drug-resistant cells and may be used as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant to treat patients with oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Chang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jo-Hua Chiang
- Department of Nursing, Chung Jen Catholic Junior College, Chiayi 622, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ning Juan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Je-Wei Tsao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hong-Yi Chiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Abstract
Bone cancer is a malignant primary tumour of the bone with different typing, such as, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma and fibrosarcoma. Despite the clinical efficacy of conventional therapies of bone cancer, most patients eventually relapse and the disease remains incurable. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed to improve patient outcome. In this review article, we have discussed the role of resveratrol in preventing bone and spinal cancers and therapeutics. Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a natural polyphenol, which has been widely reported as an anticancer molecule. Resveratrol exhibits multiple tumour-suppressing activities in bone cancer by affecting a series of critical events. It has the protective effects against oxidative injury, possesses antiproliferative activity and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Resveratrol might be a good option for the treatment of different types of bone and spinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- a Department of Spine , Xiangtan Central Hospital , Xiangtan , Hunan , P.R. China
| | - Hong Xia
- a Department of Spine , Xiangtan Central Hospital , Xiangtan , Hunan , P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- a Department of Spine , Xiangtan Central Hospital , Xiangtan , Hunan , P.R. China
| | - Hai-Liang Yu
- a Department of Spine , Xiangtan Central Hospital , Xiangtan , Hunan , P.R. China
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Sun Z, Liu Q, Hong H, Zhang H, Zhang T. miR-19 promotes osteosarcoma progression by targeting SOCS6. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1363-1369. [PMID: 28986253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in cancer development and progression. This study investigated the effects of miR-19 in human osteosarcoma (OS) development. Here, we showed that miR-19 was frequently upregulated in OS tissues and cell lines. Moreover the expression of miR-19 was associated with TNM stage, metastasis, size and poor overall survival. Mechanistically, miR-19 dramatically suppressed OS growth in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analyses predicted that SOCS6 is a potential target gene of miR-19 in OS, which was confirmed by luciferase-reporter assay. We also found that SOCS6 expression was downregulated and negatively correlated with miR-19 expression in OS tissues clinically. Moreover, ectopic SOCS6 could reverse miR-19 induced OS growth. Finally, JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway involves miR-19/SOCS6-mediated OS progression. Together, our data provide important evidence for miR-19 mediated SOCS6 in OS growth and revealed miR-19/SOCS6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway as a potential therapeutic strategy for OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwen Sun
- Department of Surgery, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai City, Shandong, 264000, China
| | - Qingxia Liu
- Maternity and Child Care Centers, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai City, Shandong, 264000, China
| | - Huanyu Hong
- Department of Surgery, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai City, Shandong, 264000, China
| | - Haiguang Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai City, Shandong, 264000, China
| | - Tongqing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai City, Shandong, 264000, China.
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23
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Sayeed MA, Bracci M, Lucarini G, Lazzarini R, Di Primio R, Santarelli L. Regulation of microRNA using promising dietary phytochemicals: Possible preventive and treatment option of malignant mesothelioma. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:1197-1224. [PMID: 28841784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a very aggressive, lethal cancer, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Development of multi-drug resistance, therapy related side-effects, and disease recurrence after therapy are the major problems for the successful treatment of MM. Emerging evidence indicates that dietary phytochemicals can exert anti-cancer activities by regulating microRNA expression. Until now, only one dietary phytochemical (ursolic acid) has been reported to have MM microRNA regulatory ability. A large number of dietary phytochemicals still remain to be tested. In this paper, we have introduced some dietary phytochemicals (curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, genistein, pterostilbene, resveratrol, capsaicin, ellagic acid, benzyl isothiocyanate, phenethyl isothiocyanate, sulforaphane, indole-3-carbinol, 3,3'-diindolylmethane, diallyl disulphide, betulinic acid, and oleanolic acid) which have shown microRNA regulatory activities in various cancers and could regulate MM microRNAs. In addition to microRNA regulatory activities, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, genistein, resveratrol, phenethyl isothiocyanate, and sulforaphane have anti-mesothelioma potentials, and pterostilbene, capsaicin, ellagic acid, benzyl isothiocyanate, indole-3-carbinol, 3,3'-diindolylmethane, diallyl disulphide, betulinic acid, and oleanolic acid have potentials to inhibit cancer by regulating the expression of various genes which are also known to be aberrant in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Sayeed
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy.
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Guendalina Lucarini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Raffaella Lazzarini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Primio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Lory Santarelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
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Yu PY, Gardner HL, Roberts R, Cam H, Hariharan S, Ren L, LeBlanc AK, Xiao H, Lin J, Guttridge DC, Mo X, Bennett CE, Coss CC, Ling Y, Phelps MA, Houghton P, London CA. Target specificity, in vivo pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of the putative STAT3 inhibitor LY5 in osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181885. [PMID: 28750090 PMCID: PMC5531494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background STAT3 is a transcription factor involved in cytokine and receptor kinase signal transduction that is aberrantly activated in a variety of sarcomas, promoting metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. The purpose of this work was to develop and test a novel putative STAT3 inhibitor, LY5. Methods and findings An in silico fragment-based drug design strategy was used to create LY5, a small molecule inhibitor that blocks the STAT3 SH2 domain phosphotyrosine binding site, inhibiting homodimerization. LY5 was evaluated in vitro demonstrating good biologic activity against rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma cell lines at high nanomolar/low micromolar concentrations, as well as specific inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation without effects on other STAT3 family members. LY5 exhibited excellent oral bioavailability in both mice and healthy dogs, and drug absorption was enhanced in the fasted state with tolerable dosing in mice at 40 mg/kg BID. However, RNAi-mediated knockdown of STAT3 did not phenocopy the biologic effects of LY5 in sarcoma cell lines. Moreover, concentrations needed to inhibit ex vivo metastasis growth using the PuMA assay were significantly higher than those needed to inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation in vitro. Lastly, LY5 treatment did not inhibit the growth of sarcoma xenografts or prevent pulmonary metastasis in mice. Conclusions LY5 is a novel small molecule inhibitor that effectively inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation and cell proliferation at nanomolar concentrations. LY5 demonstrates good oral bioavailability in mice and dogs. However LY5 did not decrease tumor growth in xenograft mouse models and STAT3 knockdown did not induce concordant biologic effects. These data suggest that the anti-cancer effects of LY5 identified in vitro were not mediated through STAT3 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y. Yu
- Medical Student Research Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Heather L. Gardner
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ryan Roberts
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hakan Cam
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Seethalakshmi Hariharan
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ling Ren
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amy K. LeBlanc
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hui Xiao
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Denis C. Guttridge
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chad E. Bennett
- Medicinal Chemistry Shared Resource, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Christopher C. Coss
- Pharmacoanalytic Shared Resource, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yonghua Ling
- Pharmacoanalytic Shared Resource, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mitch A. Phelps
- Pharmacoanalytic Shared Resource, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Peter Houghton
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. London
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yang YW, Yang L, Zhang C, Gao CY, Ma T, Kong LY. Physagulide Q suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating the ROS-JAK2/Src-STAT3 signaling pathway. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25032g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physagulide Q (PQ), a new natural compound, was isolated from Physalis angulata L. in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Yun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
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Zhao JA, Sang MX, Geng CZ, Wang SJ, Shan BE. A novel curcumin analogue is a potent chemotherapy candidate for human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4252-4262. [PMID: 27895800 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) has been demonstrated to protect against carcinogenesis and to prevent tumor development in cancer; however, the clinical application of CUR is limited by its instability and poor metabolic properties. The present study offers an strategy for a novel CUR analogue, (1E,4E)-1,5-bis(2-bromophenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one (GL63), to be used as a potential therapeutic agent for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro and in vivo. The current study demonstrated that GL63 exhibited more potent inhibition of proliferation of HCC cells than CUR. GL63 induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and was more potent than CUR, according to the flow cytometry data. The present study demonstrated for the first time that the inhibition of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway by GL63 resulted in a protective effect against HCC cell growth. GL63 was more effective than CUR in regulating STAT3 downstream targets, which contributed to the suppression of cell proliferation and the induction of cell apoptosis. In addition, the effects of GL63 were tested in a model of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced HCC in Wistar rats. Although macroscopic and microscopic features suggested that both GL63 and CUR were effective in inhibiting DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, GL63 exerted a stronger effect than CUR. Immunohistochemical analysis for proliferating cell nuclear antigen demonstrated significant differences among the DEN-bearing non-treated, DEN-bearing GL63-treated and DEN-bearing, CUR-treated groups (P=0.039). It was concluded that GL63 was a potent agent able to suppress the proliferation of HCC cells by inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, with more favorable pharmacological activity than CUR, and may be a more potent compound for the prevention of DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats than CUR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-An Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050013, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Xiang Sang
- Tumor Research Institute, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Zhi Geng
- Tumor Research Institute, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Jie Wang
- Tumor Research Institute, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Bao-En Shan
- Tumor Research Institute, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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Lv C, Huang Y, Liu ZX, Yu D, Bai ZM. Salidroside reduces renal cell carcinoma proliferation by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Cancer Biomark 2016; 17:41-7. [PMID: 27314291 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cai Lv
- Department of Urology, Haikou Municipal Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Department of Urology, Haikou Municipal Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Haikou Municipal Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Department of Urology, Haikou Municipal Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhen-Xiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Haikou Municipal Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Haikou Municipal Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Bai
- Department of Urology, Haikou Municipal Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Role of Natural Stilbenes in the Prevention of Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:3128951. [PMID: 26798416 PMCID: PMC4698548 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3128951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural stilbenes are an important group of nonflavonoid phytochemicals of polyphenolic structure characterized by the presence of a 1,2-diphenylethylene nucleus. Stilbenes have an extraordinary potential for the prevention and treatment of different diseases, including cancer, due to their antioxidant, cell death activation, and anti-inflammatory properties which associate with low toxicity under in vivo conditions. This review aims to discuss various approaches related to their mechanisms of action, pharmacological activities in animal models and humans, and potential chemoprevention in clinical studies. The biological activity of natural stilbenes is still incompletely understood. Furthermore, after administration to animals or humans, these molecules are rapidly metabolized. Thus pharmacokinetics and/or activities of the natural structures and their metabolites may be very different. Novel drug formulations have been postulated in order to improve stability and bioavailability, to minimize side effects, and to facilitate interaction with their domains in target proteins. These pharmacological improvements should lead stilbenes to become effective candidates as anticancer drugs.
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UPLC–MS method for quantification of pterostilbene and its application to comparative study of bioavailability and tissue distribution in normal and Lewis lung carcinoma bearing mice. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 114:200-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kim DH, Park KW, Chae IG, Kundu J, Kim EH, Kundu JK, Chun KS. Carnosic acid inhibits STAT3 signaling and induces apoptosis through generation of ROS in human colon cancer HCT116 cells. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1096-110. [PMID: 26152521 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA), the main antioxidant compound of Rosmarinus officinalis L., has been reported to possess anticancer activity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of CA remain poorly understood. Our study revealed that CA treatment significantly reduced the viability of human colon cancer HCT116, SW480, and HT-29 cells. Treatment with CA induced apoptosis, which was associated with the induction of p53 and Bax, inhibition of Mdm2, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl expression, activation of caspase-9, and -3, and the cleavage of PARP in HCT116 cells. CA inhibited the constitutive phosphorylation, the DNA binding and the reporter gene activity of STAT3 in HCT116 cells by blocking the phosphorylation of upstream JAK2 and Src kinases. Moreover, CA attenuated the expression of STAT3 target gene products, such as survivin, cyclin D1, D2, and D3. In STAT3-overexpressed HCT116 cells, CA inhibited cell viability and the expression of cyclin D1 and survivin. Furthermore, CA treatment induced the generation of ROS in these colon cancer cells. Pretreatment of cells with ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine abrogated the inhibitory effect of CA on the JAK2-STAT3/Src-STAT3 signaling and rescued cells from CA-induced apoptosis by blocking the induction of p53 and the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP in HCT116 cells. However, L-buthionine-sulfoximine, a pharmacological inhibitor of GSH synthesis, increased CA-induced ROS production, thereby potentiating apoptotic effect of CA. In conclusion, our study provides the first report that CA induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells via generation of ROS, induction of p53, activation of caspases, and inhibition of STAT3 signaling pathway. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Woong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - In Gyeong Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Juthika Kundu
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- CHA Cancer Institute, CHA University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Kyung-Soo Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
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Hu C, Deng Z, Zhang Y, Yan L, Cai L, Lei J, Xie Y. The prognostic significance of Src and p-Src expression in patients with osteosarcoma. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:638-45. [PMID: 25725252 PMCID: PMC4354445 DOI: 10.12659/msm.892803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of Src and phospho-Src (p-Src) is closely related to tumor invasion and metastasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of these molecules in osteosarcoma and their relationship with each other, to provide a theoretical basis to understand the prognosis of osteosarcoma. Material/Methods We selected surgically resected osteosarcoma specimens from 116 patients of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Cancer Hospital, Hubei, China, between January 2000 and January 2010 with detailed follow-up data. Twenty osteochondroma specimens from the corresponding period were used as controls. Expression of Src and p-Src was detected in osteosarcoma and osteochondroma by immunohistochemistry. We analyzed the relationship of the 2 proteins and osteosarcoma patient prognosis. Results The expression of Src and p-Src in osteosarcoma was significantly higher than the expression level in osteochondroma (P<0.05). The expression levels of the 2 proteins, clinical stage, and tumor metastasis were significantly associated with survival time (P<0.05), but there was no correlation between age or sex and survival time. The expression of Src and p-Src in osteosarcoma was positively correlated. Conclusions Src and p-Src can be used as an auxiliary indicator to determine a malignant phenotype of bone tumors, and the combined detection of Src and p-Src may indicate the prognosis of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Zhouming Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanlong Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Deleterious effects of benomyl and carbendazim on human placental trophoblast cells. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 51:64-71. [PMID: 25530041 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Benomyl and carbendazim are benzimidazole fungicides that are used throughout the world against a wide range of fungal diseases of agricultural products. There is as yet little information regarding the toxicity of benzimidazole fungicides to human placenta. In this study, we utilized human placental trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo (HTR-8) to access the toxic effects of benomyl and carbendazim. Our data showed that these two fungicides decreased cell viability and the percentages of cells in G0/G1 phase, as well as induced apoptosis of HTR-8 cells. The invasion and migration of HTR-8 cells were significantly inhibited by benomyl and carbendazim. We further found that benomyl and carbendazim altered the expression of protease systems (MMPs/TIPMs and uPA/PAI-1) and adhesion molecules (integrin α5 and β1) in HTR-8 cells. Our present study firstly shows the deleterious effects of benomyl and carbendazim on placental cells and suggests a potential risk of benzimidazole fungicides to human reproduction.
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Chae IG, Kim DH, Kundu J, Jeong CH, Kundu JK, Chun KS. Generation of ROS by CAY10598 leads to inactivation of STAT3 signaling and induction of apoptosis in human colon cancer HCT116 cells. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:1311-21. [PMID: 25096910 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.951838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been reported to play critical roles in cell fate decision by interacting with four types of prostanoid receptors such as EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of the EP4-specific agonist CAY10598 in human colon cancer HCT116 cells. Our study revealed that treatment with CAY10598 significantly reduced the cell viability and induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells, as evidenced by the induction of p53 and Bax, release of cytochrome c, cleavage of caspase-9, -7, and -3, and PARP, and the inhibition of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and survivin expression. Moreover, treatment with CAY10598 diminished the phosphorylation of JAK2, leading to the attenuation of STAT3 activation in HCT116 cells. CAY10598-induced apoptosis in cells which were transiently transfected with EP4 siRNA or treated with an EP4 antagonist prior to incubation with the compound remained unaffected, suggesting an EP4-independent mechanism of apoptosis induction by CAY10598. We found that treatment with CAY10598 generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pretreatment of cells with N-acetyl cysteine rescued cells from apoptosis by abrogating the inhibitory effect of CAY10598 on the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling. In conclusion, CAY10598 induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells in an EP4-independent manner, but through the generation of ROS and inactivation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University , Daegu , South Korea
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Lin CW, Chou YE, Chiou HL, Chen MK, Yang WE, Hsieh MJ, Yang SF. Pterostilbene suppresses oral cancer cell invasion by inhibiting MMP-2 expression. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:1109-20. [PMID: 25109417 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.947962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polyphenol compounds, present in a wide variety of natural plants, exhibit antioxidant and free radical scavenging ability and induce apoptosis in various cancer cells. However, the effect of pterostilbene on oral cancer cell metastasis has not been clarified. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The present study aimed to examine the anti-metastatic properties of pterostilbene in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-9 cells. RESULTS In this study, pterostilbene treatment significantly inhibited migration/invasion capacities of SCC-9 cells in vitro. The results of zymography and western blotting revealed that the activities and protein levels of the MMP-2 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) was inhibited by pterostilbene. Western blot analysis also showed that pterostilbene inhibits the phosphorylation of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38. Determinations of the mRNA levels, real-time polymerase chain reaction and promoter assays were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects of pterostilbene on MMP-2 and u-PA expression in SCC-9 cells. Such inhibitory effects were associated with the upregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and the downregulation of the transcription factors of NF-κB, SP-1 and CREB signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Pterostilbene may have potential use as a chemopreventive agent against oral cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Wen Lin
- Chung Shan Medical University, Institute of Oral Sciences , Taichung 40201 , Taiwan
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Khan MA, Singh M, Khan MS, Najmi AK, Ahmad S. Caspase mediated synergistic effect of Boswellia serrata extract in combination with doxorubicin against human hepatocellular carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:294143. [PMID: 25177685 PMCID: PMC4142179 DOI: 10.1155/2014/294143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the growth-inhibiting and apoptosis mediating effects of B. serrata extract as monotherapy and combination therapy with DOX against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Boswellic acid rich fraction of B. serrata extract was prepared. MTT assay on HepG2 and Hep3B cells was carried out using B. serrata alone and in combination with DOX. Further, caspase-3 activity, TNF-α level, and IL-6 level were estimated. Isobolographic analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of combination therapy. Additionally, protective effect of B. serrata extract on DOX induced hepatic toxicity was also evaluated in Wistar rats. B. serrata extract inhibited growth of HepG2 (IC50 value of 21.21 ± 0.92 μg/mL) as well as HepG2 (IC50 value of 18.65 ± 0.71 μg/mL). DOX inhibited growth in HepG2 and Hep3B cells with an IC50 of 1.06 ± 0.04 μg/mL and 1.92 ± 0.09 μg/mL. Isobolographic analysis showed combination index (CI) of DOX and B. serrata extract of 0.53 ± 0.03 to 0.79 ± 0.02 suggesting synergistic behavior against the two cell lines. B. serrata extract also caused dose dependent increase in caspase-3 activity, TNF-α level, and IL-6 level which was higher (P < 0.001) with DOX (1 μM) and B. serrata extract (20 μg/mL) combination. B. serrata extract also protected Wistar rats against DOX induced hepatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mhaveer Singh
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University (Jamia Hamdard), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Masood Shah Khan
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University (Jamia Hamdard), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University (Jamia Hamdard), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
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Hsieh MT, Chen HP, Lu CC, Chiang JH, Wu TS, Kuo DH, Huang LJ, Kuo SC, Yang JS. The novel pterostilbene derivative ANK-199 induces autophagic cell death through regulating PI3 kinase class III/beclin 1/Atg‑related proteins in cisplatin‑resistant CAR human oral cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:782-94. [PMID: 24889814 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene is an effective chemopreventive agent against multiple types of cancer cells. A novel pterostilbene derivative, ANK-199, was designed and synthesized by our group. Its antitumor activity and mechanism in cisplatin-resistant CAR human oral cancer cells were investigated in this study. Our results show that ANK-199 has an extremely low toxicity in normal oral cell lines. The formation of autophagic vacuoles and acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) was observed in the ANK-199-treated CAR cells by monodansylcadaverine (MDC) and acridine orange (AO) staining, suggesting that ANK-199 is able to induce autophagic cell death in CAR cells. Neither DNA fragmentation nor DNA condensation was observed, which means that ANK-199-induced cell death is not triggered by apoptosis. In accordance with morphological observation, 3-MA, a specific inhibitor of PI3K kinase class III, can inhibit the autophagic vesicle formation induced by ANK-199. In addition, ANK-199 is also able to enhance the protein levels of autophagic proteins, Atg complex, beclin 1, PI3K class III and LC3-II, and mRNA expression of autophagic genes Atg7, Atg12, beclin 1 and LC3-II in the ANK-199-treated CAR cells. A molecular signaling pathway induced by ANK-199 was therefore summarized. Results presented in this study show that ANK-199 may become a novel therapeutic reagent for the treatment of oral cancer in the near future (patent pending).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Tsang Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jo-Hua Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Jiau Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Liang Z, Yang Y, Wang H, Yi W, Yan X, Yan J, Li Y, Feng Y, Yu S, Yang J, Jin Z, Duan W, Chen W. Inhibition of SIRT1 signaling sensitizes the antitumor activity of silybin against human lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1860-72. [PMID: 24798868 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although silybin, a natural flavonolignan, has been shown to exhibit potent antitumor activities against various types of cancers, including lung cancer, the molecular mechanisms behind these activities remain unclear. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a conserved NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase that has been implicated in the modulation of transcriptional silencing and cell survival. Furthermore, it plays a key role in carcinogenesis through the deacetylation of important regulatory proteins, including p53. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of silybin towards human lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo and explored the role of the SIRT1 signaling pathway in this process. Silybin treatment resulted in a dose- and time-dependent decrease in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell viability. In addition, silybin exhibited strong antitumor activity illustrated by reductions in tumor cell adhesion, migratory capability, and glutathione levels and by increased apoptotic indices and reactive oxygen species levels. Silybin treatment also downregulated SIRT1 and upregulated p53 acetylation. SIRT1 siRNA (in vitro) or cambinol (a known SIRT1 inhibitor used for in vivo studies) further enhanced the antitumor activity of silybin. In summary, silybin is a potent inhibitor of lung adenocarcinoma cell growth that interferes with SIRT1 signaling, and this inhibition is a novel mechanism of silybin action that may be used for therapeutic intervention in lung adenocarcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Liang
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital
| | - Yang Yang
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital
| | | | - Juanjuan Yan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an; and
| | - Yue Li
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital
| | | | - Shiqiang Yu
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital
| | - Jian Yang
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital
| | - Weixun Duan
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital;
| | - Wensheng Chen
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital;
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Oxymatrine induces mitochondria dependent apoptosis in human osteosarcoma MNNG/HOS cells through inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:1619-25. [PMID: 24078465 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytostatic drug from traditional Chinese medicinal herb has acted as a chemotherapeutic agent used in treatment of a wide variety of cancers. Oxymatrine, classified as a quinolizidine alkaloid, is a phytochemical product derived from Sophora flavescens, and has been reported to possess anticancer activities. However, the cancer growth inhibitory effects and molecular mechanisms in human osteosarcoma MNNG/HOS cell have not been well studied. In the present study, the cytotoxic effects of oxymatrine on MNNG/HOS cells were examined by MTT and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assays. The percentage of apoptotic cells and the level of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ m) were assayed by flow cytometry. The levels of apoptosis-related proteins were measured by Western blot analysis or enzyme assay Kit. Our results showed that treatment with oxymatrine resulted in a significant inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner, which has been attributed to apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that oxymatrine considerably inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 whilst increasing that of Bax. This promoted mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, as well as the activation of caspase-9 and -3. Moreover, addition of oxymatrine to MNNG/HOS cells also attenuated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) ⁄Akt signaling pathway cascade, evidenced by the dephosphorylation of P13K and Akt. Likewise, oxymatrine significantly suppressed tumor growth in female BALB/C nude mice bearing MNNG/HOS xenograft tumors. In addition, no evidence of drug-related toxicity was identified in the treated animals by comparing the body weight increase and mortality. Therefore, these findings should be useful for understanding the apoptotic cellular mechanism mediated by oxymatrine and might offer a therapeutic potential advantage for human osteosarcoma chemoprevention or chemotherapy.
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Zhang S, Yang Y, Liang Z, Duan W, Yang J, Yan J, Wang N, Feng W, Ding M, Nie Y, Jin Z. Silybin-mediated inhibition of Notch signaling exerts antitumor activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83699. [PMID: 24386256 PMCID: PMC3873967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health burden that is associated with limited treatment options and poor patient prognoses. Silybin (SIL), an antioxidant derived from the milk thistle plant (Silybum marianum), has been reported to exert hepatoprotective and antitumorigenic effects both in vitro and in vivo. While SIL has been shown to have potent antitumor activity against various types of cancer, including HCC, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of SIL remain largely unknown. The Notch signaling pathway plays crucial roles in tumorigenesis and immune development. In the present study, we assessed the antitumor activity of SIL in human HCC HepG2 cells in vitro and in vivo and explored the roles of the Notch pathway and of the apoptosis-related signaling pathway on the activity of SIL. SIL treatment resulted in a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of HCC cell viability. Additionally, SIL exhibited strong antitumor activity, as evidenced not only by reductions in tumor cell adhesion, migration, intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) but also by increases in the apoptotic index, caspase3 activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, SIL treatment decreased the expression of the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), RBP-Jκ, and Hes1 proteins, upregulated the apoptosis pathway-related protein Bax, and downregulated Bcl2, survivin, and cyclin D1. Notch1 siRNA (in vitro) or DAPT (a known Notch1 inhibitor, in vivo) further enhanced the antitumor activity of SIL, and recombinant Jagged1 protein (a known Notch ligand in vitro) attenuated the antitumor activity of SIL. Taken together, these data indicate that SIL is a potent inhibitor of HCC cell growth that targets the Notch signaling pathway and suggest that the inhibition of Notch signaling may be a novel therapeutic intervention for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
| | - Weixun Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
| | - Juanjuan Yan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
| | - Wenqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
| | - Meiling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
- * E-mail: (YN); (ZJ)
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
- * E-mail: (YN); (ZJ)
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Maruta H. Herbal therapeutics that block the oncogenic kinase PAK1: a practical approach towards PAK1-dependent diseases and longevity. Phytother Res 2013; 28:656-72. [PMID: 23943274 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over 35 years research on PAKs, RAC/CDC42(p21)-activated kinases, comes of age, and in particular PAK1 has been well known to be responsible for a variety of diseases such as cancer (mainly solid tumors), Alzheimer's disease, acquired immune deficiency syndrome and other viral/bacterial infections, inflammatory diseases (asthma and arthritis), diabetes (type 2), neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, epilepsy, depression, schizophrenia, learning disability, autism, etc. Although several distinct synthetic PAK1-blockers have been recently developed, no FDA-approved PAK1 blockers are available on the market as yet. Thus, patients suffering from these PAK1-dependent diseases have to rely on solely a variety of herbal therapeutics such as propolis and curcumin that block PAK1 without affecting normal cell growth. Furthermore, several recent studies revealed that some of these herbal therapeutics significantly extend the lifespan of nematodes (C. elegans) and fruit flies (Drosophila), and PAK1-deficient worm lives longer than the wild type. Here, I outline mainly pathological phenotypes of hyper-activated PAK1 and a list of herbal therapeutics that block PAK1, but cause no side (harmful) effect on healthy people or animals.
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