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Stragierowicz J, Nasiadek M, Stasikowska-Kanicka O, Kolasa A, Kilanowicz A. An assessment of the (anti)androgenic properties of hexachloronaphthalene (HxCN) in male rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142373. [PMID: 38763395 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The persistent organic pollutants (POPs) defined by the Stockholm Convention include polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs); of these, the most toxic, persistent, abundant, dioxin-like congeners found in human tissues are the hexachloronaphthalenes (HxCNs). Recent research also indicates that PCNs may disrupt hormonal homeostasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the (anti)androgenic action of HxCN. Immature, castrated male Wistar rats were exposed per os to HxCN in corn oil at daily doses ranging from 0.3 to 3.0 mg kg-1 for 10 days. According to the OECD 441 protocol (Hershberger Bioassay), the anti-androgenic assay groups were co-exposed with testosterone propionate (TP), while the androgenic groups were not. TP was used as the reference androgen (subcutaneous daily doses of 0.4 mg kg-1), and flutamide (FLU) as the reference antiandrogen (per os daily doses of 3.0 mg kg-1). Five assessory sex tissues (ASTs) were weighed: ventral prostate, seminal vesicles, levator ani-bulbocavernosus muscle (LABC), Cowper's glands and glans penis. HxCN + TP significantly decreased the weight of the ventral prostate and seminal vesicle indicating an anti-androgenic action via 5α-reductase inhibition. These weight changes were also accompanied by abnormalities in cell morphology and hormonal disturbances: lowered levels of the testosterone and thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Disturbances were also noted in the lipid profile, viz. total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein and non-HDL fraction content. However, the direction of these changes differed depending on the size of the HxCN dose. No dose-effect relationship was noted for most of the obtained results; as such, exposure to even small HxCN doses run the risk of anti-androgenic effects in the general population, especially when encountered in combination with other POPs and endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Stragierowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marzenna Nasiadek
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland
| | - Olga Stasikowska-Kanicka
- Department of Diagnostic Techniques in Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kolasa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University (PUM), Powstańców Wielkopolskich. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Kilanowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland
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Olisah C, Malloum A, Adegoke KA, Ighalo JO, Conradie J, Ohoro CR, Amaku JF, Oyedotun KO, Maxakato NW, Akpomie KG, Sunday Okeke E. Scientometric trends and knowledge maps of global polychlorinated naphthalenes research over the past four decades. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 357:124407. [PMID: 38908679 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) were included in the banned list of the Stockholm Convention due to their potential to provoke a wide range of adverse effects on living organisms and the environment. Many reviews have been written to clarify the state of knowledge and identify the research needs of this pollutant class. However, studies have yet to analyse the scientometric complexities of PCN literature. In this study, we used bibliometric R and vosviewer programs as a scientometric tool to fill this gap by focusing on articles indexed on Web of Science and Scopus databases and those published between 1973 and 2022. A total of 707 articles were published within this period with a publication/author, author/publication, and co-authors/publication ratios of 0.45, 2.19, and 4.86, respectively. Developed countries dominated most scientometric indices (number of publications, citations, and collaboration networks) in the survey period. Lotka's inverse square rule of author productivity showed that Lotka's laws do not fit PCN literature. An annual percentage growth rate of 7.46% and a Kolmogorov-Smirnoff goodness-of-fit of 0.88 suggests that more output on PCNs is likely in years to come. More research is needed from scholars from developing countries to measure the supremacy of the developed nations and to effectively comply with the Stockholm Convention agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijioke Olisah
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa; Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/753, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Alhadji Malloum
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon; Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Kayode A Adegoke
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, First Technical University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joshua O Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Chinemerem R Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - James F Amaku
- Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology, Walter Sisulu University, Potsdam Site, East London, 5200, South Africa
| | - Kabir O Oyedotun
- College of Science, Engineering and Technology (CSET), University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Johannesburg, 1710, South Africa
| | - Nobanathi W Maxakato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Kovo G Akpomie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety, Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
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Nikolopoulou D, Ntzani E, Kyriakopoulou K, Anagnostopoulos C, Machera K. Priorities and Challenges in Methodology for Human Health Risk Assessment from Combined Exposure to Multiple Chemicals. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050401. [PMID: 37235216 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews key elements in the assessment of human health effects from combined exposure to multiple chemicals taking into consideration current knowledge and challenges to identify areas where scientific advancement is mostly needed and proposes a decision-making scheme on the basis of existing methods and tools. The assumption of dose addition and estimation of the hazard index (HI) is considered as a starting point in component-based risk assessments. When, based on the generic HI approach, an unacceptable risk is identified, more specific risk assessment options may be implemented sequentially or in parallel depending on problem formulation, characteristics of the chemical group under assessment, exposure levels, data availability and resources. For prospective risk assessments, the reference point index/margin of exposure (RPI/MOET) (Option 1) or modified RPI/normalized MOET (mRPI/nMOET) (Option 2) approaches may be implemented focusing on the specific mixture effect. Relative potency factors (RPFs) may also be used in the RPI approach since a common uncertainty factor for each mixture component is introduced in the assessment. Increased specificity in the risk assessment may also be achieved when exposure of selected population groups is considered (Option 3/exposure). For retrospective risk assessments, human biomonitoring data available for vulnerable population groups (Option 3/susceptibility) may present more focused scenarios for consideration in human health risk management decisions. In data-poor situations, the option of using the mixture assessment factor (MAF) is proposed (Option 4), where an additional uncertainty factor is applied on each mixture component prior to estimating the HI. The magnitude of the MAF may be determined by the number of mixture components, their individual potencies and their proportions in the mixture, as previously reported. It is acknowledged that implementation of currently available methods and tools for human health risk assessment from combined exposure to multiple chemicals by risk assessors will be enhanced by ongoing scientific developments on new approach methodologies (NAMs), integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA), uncertainty analysis tools, data sharing platforms, risk assessment software as well as guideline development to meet legislative requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Nikolopoulou
- Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides' Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Ntzani
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, PC 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Katerina Kyriakopoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Control of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides' Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Anagnostopoulos
- Laboratory of Pesticides Residues, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides' Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Machera
- Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides' Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece
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Fernandes AR, Kilanowicz A, Stragierowicz J, Klimczak M, Falandysz J. The toxicological profile of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155764. [PMID: 35545163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The legacy of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) manufactured during the last century continues to persist in the environment, food and humans. Metrological advances have improved characterisation of these occurrences, enabling studies on the effects of exposure to focus on congener groups and individual PCNs. Liver and adipose tissue show the highest retention but significant levels of PCNs are also retained by the brain and nervous system. Molecular configuration appears to influence tissue disposition as well as retention, favouring the higher chlorinated (≥ four chlorines) PCNs while most lower chlorinated molecules readily undergo hydroxylation and excretion through the renal system. Exposure to PCNs reportedly provokes a wide spectrum of adverse effects that range from hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and immune response suppression along with endocrine disruption leading to reproductive disorders and embryotoxicity. A number of PCNs, particularly hexachloronaphthalene congeners, elicit AhR mediated responses that are similar to, and occur within similar potency ranges as most dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and some chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), suggesting a relationship based on molecular size and configuration between these contaminants. Most toxicological responses generally appear to be associated with higher chlorinated PCNs. The most profound effects such as serious and sometimes fatal liver disease, chloracne, and wasting syndrome resulted either from earlier episodes of occupational exposure in humans or from acute experimental dosing of animals at levels that reflected these exposures. However, since the restriction of manufacture and controls on inadvertent production (during combustion processes), the principal route of human and animal exposure is likely to be dietary intake. Therefore, further investigations should include the effects of chronic lower level intake of higher chlorinated PCN congeners that persist in the human diet and subsequently in human and animal tissues. PCNs in the diet should be evaluated cumulatively with other similarly occurring dioxin-like contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwyn R Fernandes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Anna Kilanowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-15 Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Stragierowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-15 Łódź, Poland
| | - Michał Klimczak
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-15 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-15 Łódź, Poland
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Li X, Gu W, Zhang B, Xin X, Kang Q, Yang M, Chen B, Li Y. Insights into toxicity of polychlorinated naphthalenes to multiple human endocrine receptors: Mechanism and health risk analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 165:107291. [PMID: 35609500 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the combined disruption mechanism of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) on the three key receptors (estrogen receptor, thyroid receptor, and adrenoceptor) of the human endocrine system. The intensity of PCN endocrine disruption on these receptors was first determined using a molecular docking method. A comprehensive index of PCN endocrine disruption to human was quantified by analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy analysis. The mode of action between PCNs and the receptors was further identified to screen the molecular characteristics influencing PCN endocrine disruption through molecular docking and fractional factorial design. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were established to investigate the toxic mechanism due to PCN endocrine disruption. The results showed that the lowest occupied orbital energy (ELUMO) was the most important factor contributing to the toxicity of PCNs on the endocrine receptors, followed by the orbital energy difference (ΔE) and positive Millikan charge (q+). Furthermore, the strategies were formulated through adjusting the nutritious diet to reduce health risk for the workers in PCN contaminated sites and the effectiveness and feasibility were assessed by molecular dynamic simulation. The simulation results indicated that the human health risk caused by PCN endocrine disruption could be effectively decreased by nutritional supplementation. The binding ability between PCNs and endocrine receptors significantly declined (up to -16.45%) with the supplementation of vitamins (A, B2, B12, C, and E) and carotene. This study provided the new insights to reveal the toxic mechanism of PCNs on human endocrine systems and the recommendations on nutritional supplements for health risk reduction. The methodology and findings could serve as valuable references for screening of potential endocrine disruptors and developing appropriate strategies for PCN or other persistent organic pollution control and health risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Li
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Wenwen Gu
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Baiyu Zhang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Xiaying Xin
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Qiao Kang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Min Yang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Bing Chen
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Yu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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Perono GA, Petrik JJ, Thomas PJ, Holloway AC. The effects of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) on mammalian ovarian function. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 3:100070. [PMID: 35492299 PMCID: PMC9043394 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicity of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) is limited to a subset of PACs. Exposure to these compounds impact major processes necessary for ovarian function. PAC exposure causes follicle loss and aberrant steroid production and angiogenesis. PAC exposure may increase the risk for impaired fertility and ovarian pathologies. The study of PACs as ovarian toxicants should include additional compounds.
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are a broad class of contaminants ubiquitously present in the environment due to natural and anthropogenic activities. With increasing industrialization and reliance on petroleum worldwide, PACs are increasingly being detected in different environmental compartments. Previous studies have shown that PACs possess endocrine disruptive properties as these compounds often interfere with hormone signaling and function. In females, the ovary is largely responsible for regulating reproductive and endocrine function and thus, serves as a primary target for PAC-mediated toxicity. Perturbations in the signaling pathways that mediate ovarian folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis and angiogenesis can lead to adverse reproductive outcomes including polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian insufficiency, and infertility. To date, the impact of PACs on ovarian function has focused predominantly on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like benzo(a)pyrene, 3-methylcholanthrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. However, investigation into the impact of substituted PACs including halogenated, heterocyclic, and alkylated PACs on mammalian reproduction has been largely overlooked despite the fact that these compounds are found in higher abundance in free-ranging wildlife. This review aims to discuss current literature on the effects of PACs on the ovary in mammals, with a particular focus on folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis and angiogenesis, which are key processes necessary for proper ovarian functions.
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Zhang W, Xie HQ, Li Y, Zhou M, Zhou Z, Wang R, Hahn ME, Zhao B. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: A predominant mediator for the toxicity of emerging dioxin-like compounds. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128084. [PMID: 34952507 PMCID: PMC9039345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix/Per-ARNT-Sim (bHLH-PAS) family of transcription factors and has broad biological functions. Early after the identification of the AHR, most studies focused on its roles in regulating the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and mediating the toxicity of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs). Currently, more diverse functions of AHR have been identified, indicating that AHR is not just a dioxin receptor. Dioxins and DLCs occur ubiquitously and have diverse health/ecological risks. Additional research is required to identify both shared and compound-specific mechanisms, especially for emerging DLCs such as polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs), polychlorinated diphenyl sulfides (PCDPSs), and others, of which only a few investigations have been performed at present. Many of the toxic effects of emerging DLCs were observed to be predominantly mediated by the AHR because of their structural similarity as dioxins, and the in vitro TCDD-relative potencies of certain emerging DLC congeners are comparable to or even greater than the WHO-TEFs of OctaCDD, OctaCDF, and most coplanar PCBs. Due to the close relationship between AHR biology and environmental science, this review begins by providing novel insights into AHR signaling (canonical and non-canonical), AHR's biochemical properties (AHR structure, AHR-ligand interaction, AHR-DNA binding), and the variations during AHR transactivation. Then, AHR ligand classification and the corresponding mechanisms are discussed, especially the shared and compound-specific, AHR-mediated effects and mechanisms of emerging DLCs. Accordingly, a series of in vivo and in vitro toxicity evaluation methods based on the AHR signaling pathway are reviewed. In light of current advances, future research on traditional and emerging DLCs will enhance our understanding of their mechanisms, toxicity, potency, and ecological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanglong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingxi Zhou
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution Control, National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Renjun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Mark E Hahn
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Kang Q, Bao S, Chen B. Phototransformation of three polychlorinated naphthalenes on surface of atmospheric particulate matter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124895. [PMID: 33418299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) are a new class of persistent organic pollutants. Photoconversion is an important pathway for their transformation in the environment. In this work, silica gel was used to simulate atmospheric mineral particles, and the photochemical reaction of three PCNs 1-chloronaphthalene (CN-1), 2-chloronaphthalene (CN-2) and 2,3-dichloronaphthalene (CN-10)) on silica gel surface was studied under the irradiation of high-pressure mercury lamp, the phototransformation intermediates and pathways of PCNs were investigated, effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS, ·OH, 1O2 and O2-·) were proved by free radical scavenging method and the effects of co-existing components (water, inorganic ions and fulvic acid) were examined. The results showed that all the three PCNs could be photochemical degraded on silica gel surface. The order of the apparent rate constants was CN-2 ≈ CN-1 > CN-10. ROS accelerated the photochemical reaction. The three PCNs didn't produce completely identical photoproducts, but all underwent a series of reactions such as reductive dechlorination, hydroxylation, oxidation, decarboxylation and ring opening. In addition, for the photoconversion of CN-1, the presence of water, NO3- or fulvic acid all promoted the photochemical transformation, while the presence of Cu2+ had an inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Kang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Siqi Bao
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Bing Chen
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
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Baralić K, Jorgovanović D, Živančević K, Buha Djordjević A, Antonijević Miljaković E, Miljković M, Kotur-Stevuljević J, Antonijević B, Đukić-Ćosić D. Combining in vivo pathohistological and redox status analysis with in silico toxicogenomic study to explore the phthalates and bisphenol A mixture-induced testicular toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:129296. [PMID: 33348264 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to: (i) determine and compare the capacity of bis (2 -ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), bisphenol A (BPA), and their mixture to produce testicular toxicity after the subacute exposure; (ii) explore the mechanisms behind the observed changes using in silico toxicogenomic approach. Male rats were randomly split into groups (n = 6): (1) Control (corn oil); (2) DEHP (50 mg/kg b.w./day); (3) DBP (50 mg/kg b.w./day); (4) BPA (25 mg/kg b.w./day); and (5) MIX (50 mg/kg b.w./day DEHP + 50 mg/kg b.w/day DBP + 25 mg/kg b.w./day BPA). Animals were sacrificed after 28 days of oral exposure, testes were extracted and prepared for histological assessments under the light microscope (haematoxylin and eosin staining) and redox status analysis. The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD; http://CTD.mdibl.org), Cytoscape software (https://cytoscape.org) and ToppGene Suite (https://toppgene.cchmc.org) were used for data-mining. Present pathohistological study has demonstrated more pronounced testicular toxicity of the MIX group (desquamated germinal epithelium cells, enlarged cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, multinucleated cell forms and intracytoplasmic vacuoles) in comparison with the single substances, while effects on redox status parameters were either more prominent, or present only in the MIX group. In silico investigation revealed 20 genes linked to male reproductive disorders, affected by all three investigated substances. Effects on metabolism, AhR pathway, apoptosis and oxidative stress could be singled out as the most probable mechanisms involved in the subacute DEHP, DBP and BPA mixture testicular toxicity, while the effect on oxidative stress parameters was confirmed by in vivo experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragica Jorgovanović
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Živančević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Evica Antonijević Miljaković
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Miljković
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kotur-Stevuljević
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
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Stragierowicz J, Stypuła-Trębas S, Radko L, Posyniak A, Nasiadek M, Klimczak M, Kilanowicz A. An assessment of the estrogenic and androgenic properties of tetra- and hexachloronaphthalene by YES/YAS in vitro assays. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128006. [PMID: 33297039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many persistent organic pollutants (POPs) exhibit endocrine disrupting activity but studies on some POPs, e.g., polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), are very scarce. The present study investigates the (anti)estrogenic and (anti)androgenic activities of 1,2,3,5,6,7-hexachloronaphthalane (PCN67) and 1,3,5,8-tetrachloronaphthalene (PCN43) using the yeast estrogen and androgen reporter bioassays. Among the tested substances, antiestrogenic response was only shown by PCN67. The strongest inhibition of estrogenic activity (up to 17.4%) was observed in the low concentration ranges (5 pM - 0.5 nM) in the presence of 1.5 nM 17β-estradiol. Both tested compounds showed partial estrogenic activity with a hormetic-type response. However, both studied chemicals showed strong antiandrogenic effects: their potency in the presence of 100 nM 17β-testosterone for PCN43 (IC50 = 2.59 μM) and PCN67 (IC50 = 3.14 μM) was approximately twice that of the reference antiandrogen flutamide (IC50 = 6.14 μM). It cannot be excluded that exposure to PCNs, together with other endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), may contribute to the deregulation of sex steroid hormone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Stragierowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Stypuła-Trębas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Lidia Radko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Andrzej Posyniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Marzenna Nasiadek
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Klimczak
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Kilanowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
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11
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Li C, Zhang L, Li J, Min Y, Yang L, Zheng M, Wu Y, Yang Y, Qin L, Liu G. Polychlorinated naphthalenes in human milk: Health risk assessment to nursing infants and source analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 136:105436. [PMID: 31887713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated naphthalenes are teratogenic environmental contaminants. Mother milk is the most important food for nursing infants. The World Health Organization actively promotes breastfeeding for its immunological, psychological, and economic advantages. We firstly measured concentrations of polychlorinated naphthalenes in human milk from 19 provinces in China and estimated their potential health risks to nursing infants and their possible sources. Concentrations ranged from 211.07 to 2497.43 pg/g lipid. The high prevalence of highly toxic hexachlorinated naphthalenes (Hexa-CN66/67) in human milk samples indicated a higher health risk in the sampling areas. Cancer risk posed to nursing infants was not significant, but potential non-carcinogenic adverse health effects were suggested and should be emphasized in some sampling areas. Unintentional emission of polychlorinated naphthalenes from industries that employ thermal processes appears to be the main source for PCNs in human milk in most sampling areas. Correlation analysis also suggested PCNs as impurities in polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures as a previously unrecognized source of polychlorinated naphthalenes in human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, PR China
| | - Jingguang Li
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, PR China
| | - Yihao Min
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yongning Wu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, PR China
| | - Yuanping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Linjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, PR China.
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12
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Kilanowicz A, Sitarek K, Stragierowicz J, Klimczak M, Bruchajzer E. Prenatal toxicity and maternal-fetal distribution of 1,3,5,8-tetrachloronaphthalene (1,3,5,8-TeCN) in Wistar rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:75-84. [PMID: 30921639 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
1,3,5,8-tetrachloronaphthalene (1,3,5,8-TeCN) is a Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) that belongs to the group of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). The aim of the study was to investigate the maternal-fetal distribution and prenatal toxicity of 1,3,5,8-TeCN after its administration to pregnant Wistar rats during organogenesis. Radiolabeled 1,3,5,8-tetrachloronaphthalene-[ring-U-3H] was given by gavage at a dose of 0.3 mg per dam to evaluate its tissue distribution, and that of unlabeled 1,3,5,8-TeCN, at daily doses of 0.3, 1.0 or 3.0 mg kg b.w.-1 to assess prenatal toxicity. After a single administration of 1,3,5,8-TeCN, the highest concentration was detected in maternal adipose tissue. The concentration in the brain, uterus, kidneys, adrenals, ovaries, lungs and liver established in dams were two to nine times higher than in the maternal blood. 1,3,5,8-TeCN penetrated the blood-brain-barrier and the placenta. The results obtained from developmental toxicity indicate that 1,3,5,8-TeCN did not cause maternal toxicity and was not embryotoxic or teratogenic. However, fetotoxic effects were observed after non-toxic doses for dams (1.0 and 3.0 mg∙b.w.-1·day-1). 1,3,5,8-TeCN did not induce congenital skeletal defects but increased the number of fetuses with sternum ossification delay. After a dose of 3.0 mg kg b.w.-1·day-1, significantly more fetuses were found with enlargement of the renal pelvis: unilateral in female offspring and bilateral in male offspring. At the doses used, 1,3,5,8-TeCN, unlike hexachloronaphthalene, was not a CYP1A1 inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kilanowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Sitarek
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Sw. Teresy od Dzieciatka Jezus 8, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Stragierowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Michał Klimczak
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Bruchajzer
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
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Drwal E, Rak A, Gregoraszczuk EL. Differential effects of ambient PAH mixtures on cellular and steroidogenic properties of placental JEG-3 and BeWo cells. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 86:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Stragierowicz J, Bruchajzer E, Daragó A, Nasiadek M, Kilanowicz A. Hexachloronaphthalene (HxCN) as a potential endocrine disruptor in female rats. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1026-1035. [PMID: 30253293 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hexachloronaphthalene (HxCN) is one of the most toxic and most bioaccumulative congeners of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) known to be present in animal and human adipose tissue. Unfortunately, little data is available regarding the negative effect of PCNs on endocrine function. The aim of the study was to investigate the direct influence of subacute (two and four-week) and subchronic (13-week) daily oral exposure of female rats to 30, 100 and 300 μg kg b.w.-1 HxCN on ovarian, thyroid function and neurotransmitters level. The levels of selected sex hormones (progesterone: P and estradiol: E2) in the serum and uterus, regularity of estrous cycle, levels of thyroid hormones (fT3 and fT4), TSH, γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate levels in selected brain areas and the activity of CYP1A1 and CYP2B in the liver were examined. Estrogenic action (elevated E2 concentration in the uterus and serum) was observed only after subacute exposure, and antiestrogenic activity (decreased E2 level and uterus weight) after 13 weeks administration of 300 μg kg b.w.-1 day-1. Subchronic administration of HxCN significantly lengthens the estrous cycle, by up to almost 50%, and increases the number of irregular cycles. In addition, increased TSH and decreased fT4 serum levels were observed after all doses and durations of exposure to HxCN. Only subacute exposure led to a significant decrease in the level of examined neurotransmitters in all analyzed structures. Additionally, exposure to low doses of HxCN appears to lead to strong induction of CYP1A1 in a liver. It can be hypothesized that HxCN produces effects which are very similar to those caused by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs), particularly concerning endocrine and estrous cyclicity disorders. Therefore, HxCN exposure may exert unexpected effects on female fecundity among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Stragierowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Bruchajzer
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Adam Daragó
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marzenna Nasiadek
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Kilanowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
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15
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Drwal E, Rak A, Grochowalski A, Milewicz T, Gregoraszczuk EL. Cell-specific and dose-dependent effects of PAHs on proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis protein expression and hormone secretion by placental cell lines. Toxicol Lett 2017; 280:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Kang C, Bao S, Chen B, Zhong Y, Huang D, Wang Y, Xue H, Tian T. Photoconversion of 2-Chloronaphthalene in Water. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 99:415-421. [PMID: 28780636 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The photoconversion of 2-chloronaphthalene (CN-2) in water in a simulated sunlight system was investigated. The photoconversion efficiency, photoproducts and mechanisms were inspected, and the effects of inorganic ions (NO3-, NO2-) and fulvic acid (FA) were discussed. The results showed that CN-2 could be transformed in water under the irradiation. NO3- and NO2- promoted the photoconversion of CN-2 owing to ·OH generated by the photolysis of NO3- and NO2-; FA at a lower concentration promoted the photoconversion, but it had an inhibition effect at a higher concentration. It was demonstrated that the acidic conditions promoted the photoconversion of CN-2 by the active groups such as superoxide radical anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical produced in the system. Eight photoproducts of CN-2 were characterized by the GC-MS method and the possible photoconversion mechanisms were proposed accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Kang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Siqi Bao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Baiyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yubo Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Dongmei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Honghai Xue
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Tao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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17
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LaVoie HA. Transcriptional control of genes mediating ovarian follicular growth, differentiation, and steroidogenesis in pigs. Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:788-801. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Holly A. LaVoie
- Deptartment of Cell Biology and AnatomyUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSouth Carolina
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18
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Endocrine disrupting compounds modulates adiponectin secretion, expression of its receptors and action on steroidogenesis in ovarian follicle. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 69:204-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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19
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Primary and tumor mouse Leydig cells exposed to polychlorinated naphthalenes mixture: Effect on estrogen related-receptors expression, intracellular calcium level and sex hormones secretion. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:432-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Gregoraszczuk EL, Barć J, Falandysz J. Differences in the action of lower and higher chlorinated polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) congeners on estrogen dependent breast cancer cell line viability and apoptosis, and its correlation with Ahr and CYP1A1 expression. Toxicology 2016; 366-367:53-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Barć J, Gregoraszczuk EL. Halowax 1051 affects steroidogenesis by down-regulation of aryl hydrocarbon and estrogen receptors and up-regulation of androgen receptor in porcine ovarian follicles. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:467-474. [PMID: 26386772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) are thought to interact with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and to have enzyme-inducing properties comparable to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, therefore activation of steroid hormone receptors in endocrine tissues is also possible. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of PCNs mixture, Halowax 1051 on gene and protein expression of receptors: estradiol (ERα/β), androgen (AR) and AHRGene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR after 6 h of exposition and protein expression by Western blot after 24 h. Levels of sex steroids: androstenedione (A4), estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) were measured by enzyme immunoassays. Results of the data show down-regulation of AHR gene expression after 6 h in parallel with an inhibition in AHR protein expression at doses 10 pg-10 ng/mL, down-regulation of ER at all doses used, and up-regulation of AR gene expression at doses 1 and 10 ng/mL without affecting their protein expression. To indicate the involvement of AHR, ERs and AR in the impact of PCNs on steroidogenesis, we used their specific blockers. Blocker of AHR reversed the inhibitory effect of Halowax 1051 on A4 secretion, and strengthened its effect on T secretion. Blockers of both ER and AR had no effect on Halowax 1051 action on steroids secretion. The results of this study suggest that AHR is involved in the effect of PCNs on steroidogenesis in the ovary. Additionally, we propose that cross-talk between AHR-ER and AHR-AR receptors mediates the effects of Halowax 1051 on ovarian follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Barć
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewa Lucja Gregoraszczuk
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
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22
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Kilanowicz A, Czekaj P, Sapota A, Skrzypinska-Gawrysiak M, Bruchajzer E, Darago A, Czech E, Plewka D, Wiaderkiewicz A, Sitarek K. Developmental toxicity of hexachloronaphthalene in Wistar rats. A role of CYP1A1 expression. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 58:93-103. [PMID: 26403959 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hexachloronaphthalene (HxCN) is one of the most toxic congeners of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). This study assesses the prenatal toxicity of HxCN after daily administration at doses of 0.1-1.0mg/kg b.w. to pregnant Wistar rats during organogenesis. We evaluated also the expression of CYP1A1 mRNA and protein in the livers of dams and fetuses, as well as the placenta. The results indicate that 0.3mg/kg b.w. was the lowest HxCN toxic dose for dams (LOAEL) while a dose of 0.1mg/kg b.w. was sufficient to impair the intrauterine development of embryos/fetuses without maternal toxicity. Regardless of the applied dose, HxCN generated embryotoxic effects. Dose-dependent fetotoxic effects were associated with HxCN exposure. HxCN was found to be a strong inducer of maternal and fetal CYP1A1. Expression of CYP1A1 mRNA in the placenta appears to be the most sensitive marker of HxCN exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kilanowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
| | - Piotr Czekaj
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Sapota
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Elzbieta Bruchajzer
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Darago
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Czech
- Department of Histology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Danuta Plewka
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krystyna Sitarek
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
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