1
|
Kpordze SW, Mobegi VA, Kikuvi GM, Gikunju JK, Setsoafia Saba CK, Moshe J, Kimotho JH. Generation of chicken-based IgY polyclonal antibodies against Dendroaspis polylepis and preclinical evaluation of envenomation-neutralizing efficacy vis-à-vis selected commercial antivenoms. Toxicon X 2024; 23:100201. [PMID: 39050508 PMCID: PMC11267070 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2024.100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The Black mamba, D. polylepis, is one of the many venomous snakes found in Kenya, and known to account for some snakebite incidents. The Kenyan Ministry of Health data reveals annual 15,000 snakebites occurrences. Also, 1 in 15 people in Kenya gets bitten by a snake, and tragically, 1 in 147 of these individuals die of snakebite yearly. Traditionally, antivenoms for treatment are produced from horse or sheep but have complicated and expensive production issues. Alternative production approaches, such as using IgY antibodies derived from chicken egg yolks, may overcome disadvantages with traditional antivenom manufacturing techniques. In this current study, D. polylepis specific IgY polyclonal antibodies were purified from the egg yolks of chickens immunized with D. polylepis venom. These antibodies were subsequently assessed for their in-vivo neutralizing capacity vis-à-vis commercial antivenoms, PANAF-Premium and VINS. The IgY antibodies were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and affinity-chromatography, with quality and specificity determined by SDS-PAGE and ELISA. The LD50 of D. polylepis was found to be 0.54 mg/kg in chicks, and 0.34 mg/kg in mice, respectively. Pool of extracted IgY yielded 2.8 mg/mL concentration. Purified IgY under non-reducing and reducing conditions on SDS-PAGE exhibited a single-protein band of about 183 kDa and two bands (67 kDa and 25 kDa), respectively. The minimum-edematogenic dose was 0.05 μg. Anti-D. polylepis IgY antibodies and two antivenoms demonstrated the capacity to neutralize the toxic activities of D. polylepis venom. This study confirms a successful IgY generation against Black mamba venom for the first time, and observed toxic effects of the venom as well as neutralizing capacity of antivenoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Wilson Kpordze
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation, (PAUSTI), Nairobi, Kenya
- One Health Laboratory, Spanish Laboratory Complex, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | | | - Gideon Mutie Kikuvi
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joseph Kangangi Gikunju
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Courage Kosi Setsoafia Saba
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
- One Health Laboratory, Spanish Laboratory Complex, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Jackan Moshe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gyawu VB, Firempong CK, Hamidu JA, Tetteh AY, Ti-Baliana Martha NJ, Yingshu F, Yi Z. Production and evaluation of monovalent anti-snake immunoglobulins from chicken egg yolk using Ghanaian puff adder (Bitis arietans) Venom: Isolation, purification, and neutralization efficacy. Toxicon 2023; 231:107180. [PMID: 37290727 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Snakebites are rampant in Ghana, especially among the farmers, herdsmen, military recruits, hunters, and rural dwellers, and the antisnake venoms (ASV) use to treat these bites are not locally produced but rather imported, which come with a high cost, lack of constant supply and low specificity. The study was therefore aimed at isolating, purifying, and evaluating the efficacy of monovalent ASV from chicken egg yolk using puff adder (Bitis arietans) venom from Ghana. The major pathophysiological properties of the venom and the efficacy of the locally produced ASV were evaluated. The results showed that the snake venom (LD50 of 0.85 mg/kg body weight) had anticoagulant, haemorrhagic, and edematic activities in mice which were effectively neutralized using the purified egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY), with two distinct molecular weight bands (∼70 and 25 kDa). The cross-neutralization studies also showed that the venom/IgY mixture (2.55 mg/kg body weight: 90 mg/kg body weight) offered 100% protection to the animals with ED50 of IgY being 22.66 mg/kg body weight. However, the applied dose (11.36 mg/kg body weight) of the available polyvalent ASV offered 25% protection compared with the 62% protection of the IgY at the same dose. The findings showed successful isolation and purification of a Ghanaian monovalent ASV with a better neutralization efficacy compared with the clinically available polyvalent drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Baffour Gyawu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Caleb Kesse Firempong
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Jacob Alhassan Hamidu
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Antonia Yarney Tetteh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | - Zou Yi
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A simple and economic three-step process for producing highly purified Fab’ fragments directly from the egg yolk water-soluble fraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1211:123486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
4
|
Choraria A, Somasundaram R, Janani S, Rajendran S, Oukkache N, Michael A. Chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY)-based antivenom for neutralization of snake venoms: a review. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1942063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Choraria
- Department of Microbiology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - S. Janani
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, India
| | - Selvakumar Rajendran
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, India
| | - Naoual Oukkache
- Venoms and Toxins Laboratory, Institute Pasteur of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - A. Michael
- Department of Microbiology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Leiva CL, Geoghegan P, Lammer M, Cangelosi A, Mariconda V, Celi AB, Brero ML, Chacana P. In vivo neutralization of bee venom lethality by IgY antibodies. Mol Immunol 2021; 135:183-190. [PMID: 33930713 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bee venom is a complex mixture of molecules, among which melittin and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) are the toxic components involved in envenoming accidents with multiple honeybee stings. Traditionally, the treatment of envenomings has been based on the administration of specific antibodies to neutralize the deleterious effects of toxins. An alternative to mammalian polyclonal antibodies is the use of egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) due to their advantages regarding animal welfare and lower costs of production as compared to the conventional production methods. In this work, a novel composition containing specific IgY antibodies was developed. After four immunizations, IgY extracted from the egg yolks was able to recognize several components of the bee venom, including melittin and PLA2. The performance of IgY to neutralize the lethal activity was evaluated in a mouse model by using one median lethal dose (LD50) of the bee venom. The effective dose of the IgY extract was determined as 30.66 μg/mg. These results demonstrate the feasibility to produce IgY-based antivenoms to treat envenomings by multiple bee stings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Leónidas Leiva
- Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Patricia Geoghegan
- Centro Nacional de Control de Calidad de Biológicos, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez, Sarsfield 563, CABA, Argentina.
| | - Mónica Lammer
- Centro Nacional de Control de Calidad de Biológicos, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez, Sarsfield 563, CABA, Argentina.
| | - Adriana Cangelosi
- Centro Nacional de Control de Calidad de Biológicos, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez, Sarsfield 563, CABA, Argentina.
| | - Virginia Mariconda
- Centro Nacional de Control de Calidad de Biológicos, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez, Sarsfield 563, CABA, Argentina.
| | - Ana Beatriz Celi
- Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Luisa Brero
- Centro Nacional de Control de Calidad de Biológicos, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez, Sarsfield 563, CABA, Argentina.
| | - Pablo Chacana
- Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Current research into snake antivenoms, their mechanisms of action and applications. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:537-546. [PMID: 32196542 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Snakebite is a major public health issue in the rural tropics. Antivenom is the only specific treatment currently available. We review the history, mechanism of action and current developments in snake antivenoms. In the late nineteenth century, snake antivenoms were first developed by raising hyperimmune serum in animals, such as horses, against snake venoms. Hyperimmune serum was then purified to produce whole immunoglobulin G (IgG) antivenoms. IgG was then fractionated to produce F(ab) and F(ab')2 antivenoms to reduce adverse reactions and increase efficacy. Current commercial antivenoms are polyclonal mixtures of antibodies or their fractions raised against all toxin antigens in a venom(s), irrespective of clinical importance. Over the last few decades there have been small incremental improvements in antivenoms, to make them safer and more effective. A number of recent developments in biotechnology and toxinology have contributed to this. Proteomics and transcriptomics have been applied to venom toxin composition (venomics), improving our understanding of medically important toxins. In addition, it has become possible to identify toxins that contain epitopes recognized by antivenom molecules (antivenomics). Integration of the toxinological profile of a venom and its composition to identify medically relevant toxins improved this. Furthermore, camelid, humanized and fully human monoclonal antibodies and their fractions, as well as enzyme inhibitors have been experimentally developed against venom toxins. Translation of such technology into commercial antivenoms requires overcoming the high costs, limited knowledge of venom and antivenom pharmacology, and lack of reliable animal models. Addressing such should be the focus of antivenom research.
Collapse
|
7
|
Teja GKVVNSKA, More N, Kapusetti G. Advanced Biosensor-based Strategy for Specific and Rapid Detection of Snake Venom for Better Treatment. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2018; 3:61-67. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2018.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
8
|
Sifi A, Adi-Bessalem S, Laraba-Djebari F. Development of a new approach of immunotherapy against scorpion envenoming: Avian IgYs an alternative to equine IgGs. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:256-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
9
|
da Rocha DG, Fernandez JH, de Almeida CMC, da Silva CL, Magnoli FC, da Silva OÉ, da Silva WD. Development of IgY antibodies against anti-snake toxins endowed with highly lethal neutralizing activity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:404-412. [PMID: 28595875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is a major neglected disease related to poverty in developing countries. Treatment involves the administration of a specific antivenom serum and auxiliary therapies, if necessary. The improvement of antibodies is of great importance for the technological advancement of antivenom therapy and to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this medical burden. In the present study, adult hens were immunized nine times with 20μg of B. arietans or C. d. terrificus venoms at three-week intervals between immunizations. Developing antibodies presented increasing avidity and affinity to antigenic toxin epitopes along immunization, attaining a plateau after the seventh immunization. Pooled egg yolk-purified IgY antivenom antibodies, subjected to in vitro-in vivo lethality assay using Swiss adult mice, exhibited potent venom lethal neutralizing activity. Taken together, chickens under the described immunization schedule were considered alternative candidates for antivenom production. Lower maintenance costs, a simple antibody manufacturing process and immunization suffering restrictions are additional advantages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Gitirana da Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer (LBR), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Jorge Hernandez Fernandez
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos (LQFPP), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Costa de Almeida
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal (LSA), Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Letícia da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer (LBR), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Fábio Carlos Magnoli
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500 - São Paulo, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Osmair Élder da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500 - São Paulo, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Wilmar Dias da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500 - São Paulo, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu J, He Q, Wang W, Zhou B, Li B, Zhang Y, Luo C, Chen D, Tang J, Yu X. Preparation and neutralization efficacy of IgY antibodies raised against Deinagkistrodon acutus venom. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2017; 23:22. [PMID: 28396683 PMCID: PMC5379703 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-017-0112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The five-paced pit viper (Deinagkistrodon acutus), endemic to China and northern Vietnam, is responsible for most snakebites in the Chinese territory. Antivenom produced from horses is the main treatment for snakebites, but it may cause numerous clinical side effects and have other disadvantages involved in their production such as the welfare of animals. The present study was conducted aiming to develop an alternative antibody (IgY) from the egg yolk of leghorn chickens immunized with snake venom. Methods IgY from the egg yolk of white leghorn chickens previously immunized intramuscularly with D. acutus venom was extracted by water, precipitated by ammonium sulfate and purified by affinity chromatographic system. IgY was identified by SDS-PAGE, ELISA and Western blot. Finally, IgY neutralization assays to test its efficacy against hemorrhagic, edema-forming and myotoxic activities of D. acutus venom were conducted on mice. Results For the first time, IgY antibodies against D. acutus venom were raised successfully in egg yolk of chickens injected with D. acutus venom multiple times. By three steps, including caprylic acid extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation and affinity chromatography, IgY antibodies were isolated and purified from egg yolk, which exhibited a single protein band on SDS-PAGE and two bands (about 65 kDa and 35 kDa, respectively) under reducing conditions, and presented a high titer (1:40,000) tested by ELISA. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that these IgY were polyclonal antibodies since they bound to components of D. acutus venom. Furthermore, immunodiffusion assay showed that anti-D. acutus venom IgY cross-reacted with the venoms of Trimeresurus albolabris and D. saxatilis Emelianov, but did not react to the venoms of Bungarus multicinctus and Naja atra. In the neutralizing lethal assay, the median effective dose of anti-D. acutus venom IgY was 14.14 mg/kg of mouse body weight under the challenge dose (3 LD50 of D. acutus venom). In neutralizing the hemorrhagic, edema-forming and myotoxic activities of D. acutus venom, IgY showed the characteristic dose-dependent neutralization effects against all these toxic activities of D. acutus venom. Conclusion Anti-D. acutus venom IgY antibodies with high purity and titer were for the first time raised successfully in egg yolk of chickens immunized with D. acutus venom. They were effective in neutralizing the lethal effects, and the hemorrhagic, edema-forming and myotoxic acitivities of D. acutus venom. IgY could be an effective source to develop a treatment against snake bites in humans or animals in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Liu
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substances, Engineering Research Center of Active Substances and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Qiyi He
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substances, Engineering Research Center of Active Substances and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substances, Engineering Research Center of Active Substances and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Library, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Bo Li
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substances, Engineering Research Center of Active Substances and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Yingfeng Zhang
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substances, Engineering Research Center of Active Substances and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Cong Luo
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substances, Engineering Research Center of Active Substances and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Diancheng Chen
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substances, Engineering Research Center of Active Substances and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Jia Tang
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substances, Engineering Research Center of Active Substances and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Xiaodong Yu
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substances, Engineering Research Center of Active Substances and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing, 401331 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fitzgerald J, Leonard P, Darcy E, Sharma S, O'Kennedy R. Immunoaffinity Chromatography: Concepts and Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1485:27-51. [PMID: 27730547 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6412-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-based separation methods, such as immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC), are powerful purification and isolation techniques. Antibodies isolated using these techniques have proven highly efficient in applications ranging from clinical diagnostics to environmental monitoring. Immunoaffinity chromatography is an efficient antibody separation method which exploits the binding efficiency of a ligand to an antibody. Essential to the successful design of any IAC platform is the optimization of critical experimental parameters such as (a) the biological affinity pair, (b) the matrix support, (c) the immobilization coupling chemistry, and (d) the effective elution conditions. These elements and the practicalities of their use are discussed in detail in this review. At the core of all IAC platforms is the high affinity interactions between antibodies and their related ligands; hence, this review entails a brief introduction to the generation of antibodies for use in immunoaffinity chromatography and also provides specific examples of their potential applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Fitzgerald
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paul Leonard
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Elaine Darcy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland. .,Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Navarro D, Vargas M, Herrera M, Segura Á, Gómez A, Villalta M, Ramírez N, Williams D, Gutiérrez JM, León G. Development of a chicken-derived antivenom against the taipan snake (Oxyuranus scutellatus) venom and comparison with an equine antivenom. Toxicon 2016; 120:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
13
|
Duan HL, He QY, Zhou B, Wang WW, Li B, Zhang YZ, Deng QP, Zhang YF, Yu XD. Anti-Trimeresurus albolabris venom IgY antibodies: preparation, purification and neutralization efficacy. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2016; 22:23. [PMID: 27563307 PMCID: PMC4997716 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-016-0078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Snakebite incidence in southwestern China is mainly attributed to one of the several venomous snakes found in the country, the white-lipped green pit viper Trimeresurus albolabris. Since antivenom produced from horses may cause numerous clinical side effects, the present study was conducted aiming to develop an alternative antivenom antibody (immunoglobulin Y - IgY) from leghorn chickens. METHODS IgY in egg yolk from white leghorn chicken previously injected with T. albolabris venom was extracted by water, precipitated by ammonium sulfate and purified by affinity chromatographic system. IgY was identified by SDS-PAGE, ELISA and Western blot, and its neutralizing assay was conducted on mice. RESULTS Chickens injected multiple times with T. albolabris venom elicited strong antibody responses, and from their egg yolk IgY was isolated and purified, which exhibited a single protein band on SDS-PAGE and two bands (about 65 and 35 kDa, respectively) under reduced conditions. Immunoblot analysis revealed that these IgY are polyclonal antibodies since they bind with most venom components. In the neutralizing assay, all mice survived while the ratios of IgY/venom reached up to 3.79 (50.0 mg/13.2 mg). CONCLUSIONS IgY antibody response was successfully conducted in white leghorn chicken injected with T. albolabris venom. IgY against T. albolabris venom was obtained for the first time, and it exhibited strong neutralizing potency on mice. These results may lay a foundation for the development of IgY antivenom with clinical applications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Duan
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance, Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Qi-Yi He
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance, Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Library, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Wen-Wen Wang
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance, Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Bo Li
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance, Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Ying-Zheng Zhang
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance, Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Qiu-Ping Deng
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance, Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Ying-Feng Zhang
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance, Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yu
- Animal Toxin Group, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance, Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331 China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Haese N, Brocato RL, Henderson T, Nilles ML, Kwilas SA, Josleyn MD, Hammerbeck CD, Schiltz J, Royals M, Ballantyne J, Hooper JW, Bradley DS. Antiviral Biologic Produced in DNA Vaccine/Goose Platform Protects Hamsters Against Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome When Administered Post-exposure. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003803. [PMID: 26046641 PMCID: PMC4457835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Andes virus (ANDV) and ANDV-like viruses are responsible for most hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) cases in South America. Recent studies in Chile indicate that passive transfer of convalescent human plasma shows promise as a possible treatment for HPS. Unfortunately, availability of convalescent plasma from survivors of this lethal disease is very limited. We are interested in exploring the concept of using DNA vaccine technology to produce antiviral biologics, including polyclonal neutralizing antibodies for use in humans. Geese produce IgY and an alternatively spliced form, IgYΔFc, that can be purified at high concentrations from egg yolks. IgY lacks the properties of mammalian Fc that make antibodies produced in horses, sheep, and rabbits reactogenic in humans. Geese were vaccinated with an ANDV DNA vaccine encoding the virus envelope glycoproteins. All geese developed high-titer neutralizing antibodies after the second vaccination, and maintained high-levels of neutralizing antibodies as measured by a pseudovirion neutralization assay (PsVNA) for over 1 year. A booster vaccination resulted in extraordinarily high levels of neutralizing antibodies (i.e., PsVNA80 titers >100,000). Analysis of IgY and IgYΔFc by epitope mapping show these antibodies to be highly reactive to specific amino acid sequences of ANDV envelope glycoproteins. We examined the protective efficacy of the goose-derived antibody in the hamster model of lethal HPS. α-ANDV immune sera, or IgY/IgYΔFc purified from eggs, were passively transferred to hamsters subcutaneously starting 5 days after an IM challenge with ANDV (25 LD50). Both immune sera, and egg-derived purified IgY/IgYΔFc, protected 8 of 8 and 7 of 8 hamsters, respectively. In contrast, all hamsters receiving IgY/IgYΔFc purified from normal geese (n=8), or no-treatment (n=8), developed lethal HPS. These findings demonstrate that the DNA vaccine/goose platform can be used to produce a candidate antiviral biological product capable of preventing a lethal disease when administered post-exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Haese
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences (UND SMHS), Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L. Brocato
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas Henderson
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences (UND SMHS), Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Nilles
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences (UND SMHS), Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Steve A. Kwilas
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. Josleyn
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Hammerbeck
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James Schiltz
- Avianax, LLC, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Michael Royals
- Cedar Industries, Pierce, Colorado, United States of America
| | | | - Jay W. Hooper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David S. Bradley
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences (UND SMHS), Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Venkatesan C, Sarathi M, Balasubramanian G, Saravanan A, Vimal S, Madan N, Majeed SA, Raj NS, Hameed ASS, babu VS. Detection and neutralization of cobra venom using rabbit antiserum in experimental envenomated mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:772-82. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327113511474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect the venom of Indian cobra ( Naja naja naja) in various tissues (brain, heart, lungs, liver, spleen, blood, kidneys, and tissue at the site of injection) of mice after cobra venom injected at different time intervals (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 h intervals up to 24 h). Whole venom antiserum or individual venom protein antiserum (14, 29, 65, 72, and 99 kDa) could recognize N. n. naja venom by Western blotting and ELISA, and antibody titer was also assayed by ELISA. Antiserum raised against cobra venom in rabbit significantly neutralized the toxicity of venom-injected mice at different time intervals after treatment. The assay could detect N. n. naja venom levels up to 2.5 ng/ml of tissue homogenate, and the venom was detected up to 24 h after venom injection. Venom was detected in brain, heart, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, tissue at the bite area, and blood. As observed in mice, tissue at the site of bite area showed the highest concentration of venom and the brain showed the least. Moderate amounts of venoms were found in liver, spleen, kidneys, heart, and lungs. Development of a simple, rapid, and species-specific diagnostic kit based on this ELISA technique useful to clinicians is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Venkatesan
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Sarathi
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - G Balasubramanian
- Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheiyar, Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Saravanan
- Micro Therapeutic Research Labs, Tambaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Vimal
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Madan
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Abdul Majeed
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Sundar Raj
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - AS Sahul Hameed
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Sarath babu
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Venkatesan C, Sarathi M, Balasubramanaiyan G, Vimal S, Madan N, Sundar Raj N, Mohammed Yusuf Bilal S, Nazeer Basha A, Farook MA, Sahul Hameed AS, Sridevi G. Neutralization of cobra venom by cocktail antiserum against venom proteins of cobra (Naja naja naja). Biologicals 2013; 42:8-21. [PMID: 24176716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Naja naja venom was characterized by its immunochemical properties and electrophoretic pattern which revealed eight protein bands (14 kDa, 24 kDa, 29 kDa, 45 kDa, 48 kDa, 65 kDa, 72 kDa and 99 kDa) by SDS-PAGE in reducing condition after staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue. The results showed that Naja venom presented high lethal activity. Whole venom antiserum or individual venom protein antiserum (14 kDa, 29 kDa, 65 kDa, 72 kDa and 99 kDa) of venom could recognize N. naja venom by Western blotting and ELISA, and N. naja venom presented antibody titer when assayed by ELISA. The neutralization tests showed that the polyvalent antiserum neutralized lethal activities by both in vivo and in vitro studies using mice and Vero cells. The antiserum could neutralize the lethal activities in in-vivo and antivenom administered after injection of cobra venom through intraperitoneal route in mice. The cocktail antiserum also could neutralize the cytotoxic activities in Vero cell line by MTT and Neutral red assays. The results of the present study suggest that cocktail antiserum neutralizes the lethal activities in both in vitro and in vivo models using the antiserum against cobra venom and its individual venom proteins serum produced in rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Venkatesan
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Sarathi
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - G Balasubramanaiyan
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt Arts College, Cheiyar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Vimal
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Madan
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Sundar Raj
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - A Nazeer Basha
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M A Farook
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A S Sahul Hameed
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - G Sridevi
- King Institute of Preventive Medicine, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tavares TC, Soares PM, Neves JH, Soares MM, F. Junior Á, Souza DLD, Ávila VM, Lima-Ribeiro AM. Produção e purificação de imunoglobulinas Y policlonais anti-Leptospira spp. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2013000900008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objetivou-se verificar se galinhas imunizadas com uma solução de Leptospira interrogans inativadas e proteínas de membrana externa do sorovar Hardjo, poderiam produzir anticorpos policlonais específicos anti-leptospiras, detectáveis em testes ELISA. Foram imunizados oito galinhas com 25 semanas de idade, da raça White Leghorn, sendo três imunizadas com uma suspensão de leptospiras inativadas, três com uma solução de proteínas de membrana externa extraída do sorovar Hardjo e duas controle. Coletas de sangue foram realizadas quinzenalmente e de ovos diariamente. A IgY foi purificada a partir da gema dos ovos utilizando para a delipidação o método de diluição em água ácida e a precipitação com sulfato de amônio. Nos testes ELISA realizados para verificar a especificidade da IgY, foi demonstrada a produção de anticorpos anti-Leptospira, tanto no soro quanto nas gemas purificadas. O pico de produção de anticorpos específicos ocorreu na 5º semana após a primeira imunização. Ficou demonstrada a possibilidade da indução da produção de anticorpos específicos em galinhas imunizadas com leptospiras do sorovar Hardjo inativadas, bem como, com proteínas de membrana externa (PME) extraidas desse sorovar. As galinhas imunizadas com uma suspensão de leptospiras inativadas ou com PME de Leptospira interrogans do sorovar Hardjo produziram anticorpos reativos a PME Hardjo detectáves por teste ELISA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Álvaro F. Junior
- Instituto de Estudos Avançados em Veterinária José Caetano Borges, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alvarez A, Montero Y, Jimenez E, Zerpa N, Parrilla P, Malavé C. IgY antibodies anti-Tityus caripitensis venom: purification and neutralization efficacy. Toxicon 2013; 74:208-14. [PMID: 23994592 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tityus caripitensis is responsible for most of scorpion stings related to human incidents in Northeastern Venezuela. The only treatment for scorpion envenomation is immunotherapy based on administration of scorpion anti-venom produced in horses. Avian antibodies (IgY) isolated from chicken egg yolks represent a new alternative to be applied as anti-venom therapy. For this reason, we produced IgY antibodies against T. caripitensis scorpion venom and evaluated its neutralizing capacity. The anti-scorpion venom antibodies were purified by precipitation techniques with polyethylene glycol and evaluated by Multiple Antigen Blot Assay (MABA), an indirect ELISA, and Western blot assays. The lethality neutralization was evaluated by preincubating the venom together with the anti-venom prior to testing. The IgY immunoreactivity was demonstrated by a dose-dependent inhibition in Western blot assays where antibodies pre-absorbed with the venom did not recognize the venom proteins from T. caripitensis. The anti-venom was effective in neutralizing 2LD50 doses of T. caripitensis venom (97.8 mg of IgY neutralized 1 mg of T. caripitensis venom). Our results support the future use of avian anti-scorpion venom as an alternative to conventional equine anti-venom therapy in our country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Alvarez
- Centro de Biociencias y Medicina Molecular, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados-IDEA, Apartado 17606, Caracas 1015-A, Venezuela
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
The production and characterization of anti-bothropic and anti-crotalic IgY antibodies in laying hens: A long term experiment. Toxicon 2013; 66:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
20
|
Spillner E, Braren I, Greunke K, Seismann H, Blank S, du Plessis D. Avian IgY antibodies and their recombinant equivalents in research, diagnostics and therapy. Biologicals 2012; 40:313-22. [PMID: 22748514 PMCID: PMC7106491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation and use of avian antibodies is of increasing interest in a wide variety of applications within the life sciences. Due to their phylogenetic distance, mechanisms of immune diversification and the way in which they deposit IgY immunoglobulin in the egg yolk, chickens provide a number of advantages compared to mammals as hosts for immunization. These advantages include: the one-step purification of antibodies from egg yolk in large amounts facilitates having a virtually continuous supply; the epitope spectrum of avian antibodies potentially grants access to novel specificities; the broad absence of cross-reactivity with mammalian epitopes avoids assay interference and improves the performance of immunological techniques. The polyclonal nature of IgY antibodies has limited their use since avian hybridoma techniques are not well established. Recombinant IgY, however, can be generated from mammalian monoclonal antibodies which makes it possible to further exploit the advantageous properties of the IgY scaffold. Moreover, cloning and selecting the immune repertoire from avian organisms is highly efficient, yielding antigen-specific antibody fragments. The recombinant approach is well suited to circumvent any limitations of polyclonal antibodies. This review presents comprehensive information on the generation, purification, modification and applications of polyclonal and monoclonal IgY antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edzard Spillner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshinori Mine
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Aggarwal P, Jamshed N. What's new in emergencies, trauma, and shock? Snake envenomation and organophosphate poisoning in the emergency department. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2011; 1:59-62. [PMID: 19561981 PMCID: PMC2700618 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2700.43180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Aggarwal
- Division of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sui J, Lin H, Cao L. AFFINITY PURIFICATION OF SPECIFIC ANTI-LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENESEGG YOLK ANTIBODIES (IgY) USING AMINO-ACTIVATED CELLS AS RECEPTORS. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2011; 32:134-44. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2010.545160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
24
|
Abstract
Antibody-based separation methods, such as immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC), are powerful purification and isolation techniques. Antibodies isolated using these techniques have proven highly efficient in applications ranging from clinical diagnostics to environmental monitoring. IAC is an efficient antibody separation method which exploits the binding efficiency of a ligand to an antibody. Essential to the successful design of any IAC platform is the optimisation of critical experimental parameters such as: (a) the biological affinity pair, (b) the matrix support, (c) the immobilisation coupling chemistry, and (d) the effective elution conditions. These elements and the practicalities of their use are discussed in detail in this review. At the core of all IAC platforms is the high-affinity interactions between antibodies and their related ligands; hence, this review entails a brief introduction to the generation of antibodies for use in IAC and also provides specific examples of their potential applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Fitzgerald
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Identification and characterization of a phospholipase A2 from the venom of the Saw-scaled viper: Novel bactericidal and membrane damaging activities. Biochimie 2010; 92:1854-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
26
|
Araújo AS, Lobato ZIP, Chávez-Olórtegui C, Velarde DT. Brazilian IgY-Bothrops antivenom: Studies on the development of a process in chicken egg yolk. Toxicon 2009; 55:739-44. [PMID: 19925817 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to devise a process for raising antibodies against Brazilian Bothrops venom in chicken egg yolks, to determine the best delipidation method for the preparation of the aqueous extract and to define the best purification conditions for IgY bothropic antivenom produced in eggs from hens immunized with Brazilian standard bothropic antigen. A group of nine Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens were immunized with venom from five different species of pit vipers of the genus Bothrops. The immunization process was carried out in three cycles, each performed six weeks apart. For extraction, the egg yolk was diluted 1:10 in distilled water, adjusted to a pH of 5.0, subjected to a freeze-thaw cycle, centrifuged and filtered before being precipitated with 20%(w/v) ammonium sulfate salt. This methodology retrieved 2.57 mg of IgY/ml of yolk from eggs. This preparation yielded antibodies capable of neutralizing lethal toxic activity of the pool of Bothrops sp venoms from five species, with an effective dose (ED50) of 365 microL/2 LD50 and, 1.0 mL of IgY antivenom neutralized 0.154 mg of venom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Araújo
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, P.O. Box 567, CEP 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|