Long-term fertilization and manuring effects on the nexus between sulphur distribution and SOC in an Inceptisol over five decades under a finger millet-maize cropping system

Our investigation revealed that alterations in sulphur (S) pools are predominantly governed by soil organic carbon (SOC), soil nitrogen (N), microbial biomass, and soil enzyme activities in sandy clay loam (Vertic Ustropept) soil. We employed ten sets of nutrient management techniques, ranging from suboptimal (50% RDF) to super-optimal doses (150% RDF), including NPK + Zn, NP, N alone, S-free NPK fertilizers, NPK + FYM, and control treatments, to examine the interrelation of S with SOC characteristics. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was utilized to analyze the functional groups present in SOC characterization across four treatments: 100% NPK, 150% NPK, NPK + FYM, and absolute control plots. Principal component analysis (PCA) was then applied to assess 29 minimal datasets, aiming to pinpoint specific soil characteristics influencing S transformation. In an Inceptisol, the application of fertilizers (100% RDF) in conjunction with 10 t ha-1 of FYM resulted in an increase of S pools from the surface to the subsurface stratum (OS > HSS > SO42--S > WSS), along with an increase in soil N and SOC. FT-IR spectroscopy identified cellulose and thiocyanate functional groups in all four plots, with a pronounced presence of carbohydrate-protein polyphenol, sulfoxide (S=O), and nitrate groups specifically observed in the INM plot. The PCA findings indicated that the primary factors influencing soil quality and crop productivity (r2 of 0.69) are SOC, SMBC, SMBN, SMBS, and the enzyme activity of URE, DHA, and AS. According to the study, the combined application of fertilizer and FYM (10 t ha-1) together exert a positive impact on sulphur transformation, SOC accumulation, and maize yield in sandy clay loam soil.

Recent Surge in Mumps Cases in India: Need for Urgent Remedial Measures

Mumps is a global public health problem caused by mumps virus, a member of paramyxoviridae family. MMR (Mumps, Measles, Rubella), an effective vaccine, has been incorporated into routine immunization schedules in over 100 countries. On the contrary, in India, vaccine against mumps has not been included in the routine immunization schedule as mumps is still not viewed as a significant public health problem by the government to warrant such an intervention. An increasing number of mumps outbreaks being reported from many parts of the country in the recent past, is matter of concern. The current paper reviews the situation of mumps in India including the recent surge, and discusses the remedial measures to contain these outbreaks. We conclude that inclusion of Mumps component as MMR vaccine in the Universal Immunization Programme of India along with strengthening surveillance is required to tackle the situation.

Is telemedicine a holy grail in healthcare policy: clinicians' and patients' perspectives from an Apex Institution in Western India

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to explore the perception of doctors regarding telemedicine consultations and the level of patient satisfaction with the services received through teleconsultations.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted on clinicians who provided teleconsultations and patients who received teleconsultations in an Apex healthcare institution in Western India. Semi-structured interview schedules were used to record the quantitative and qualitative information. Clinicians' perceptions and patients' satisfaction were assessed using two different 5-point Likert scales. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.23 using non-parametric tests (Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U).

RESULTS

A total of 52 clinicians who delivered teleconsultations and 134 patients who received teleconsultations from those doctors were interviewed in this study. For 69% of doctors, telemedicine was feasible to implement, and for the rest, it was challenging. Doctors believe telemedicine is convenient for patients (77%) and prevents the transmission of infection (94.2%). Difficulty in clinical evaluation (73%), communication (55.7%), network connectivity (34%), diagnosis and investigations (32%), and patients' e-illiteracy (32%) were the most common challenges faced by clinicians. Patients' experiences were positive in terms of ease of registration (82.1%), audio quality (100%), freedom to discuss medicine (94.8%), and comprehension of the diagnoses (88.1%). Patients expressed satisfaction with the length of the teleconsultation (81.4%), the advice and care they received (78.4%), and the manner and communication of the clinicians (78.4%).

CONCLUSIONS

Though there were some challenges in the implementation of telemedicine, the clinicians perceived it quite helpful. The majority of the patients were satisfied with teleconsultation services. Difficulty in registration, lack of communication, and a deep-rooted mindset of physical consultations were the primary concerns from the patient side.

Evaluation of respiratory function among homemakers exposed to indoor air pollution

Indoor air contamination is a condition that can increase cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in the present-day population. Utilizing cooking exhaust in working environments, pollutants such as Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), incense sticks, cooking in fuel and kindling oven in the kitchen, and tobacco smoke are the significant reasons for indoor air contamination. The point of this study is to make mindfulness among homemakers presented to indoor air contamination. A spellbinding cross-sectional review including 100 homemaker female subjects in the age of 40-50 know about indoor air contamination. An overview was directed among 100 home creators in regard to indoor air contamination to make mindfulness. The strategy for testing done is basic arbitrary inspecting. The aftereffects of the current review showed that respondents were greatly presented to the indoor air contamination and created side effects connected with it and generally respondents in the age gathering of 40-50 years had encountered more exhaustion, dry bothersome skin, copying and aggravation of the eyes and stodgy nose, and affiliation was measurably huge. This finding revealed the indoor air toxins that can be considered to assume a part underway to infections like asthma, and so forth.

An in vitro analysis on the antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties of Kaempferia galanga rhizome using different solvent systems

Kaempferia galanga rhizome (KGR) is a stemless, sweet-smelling, enduring, and rhizomatous monocotyledonous plant of the ginger family also called sand ginger or kencur. lt possesses many pharmacological effects and the goal of this study is to use several solvent solutions to determine the antioxidant and anti-diabetic potential of KGR. By observing KGR's alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activity, the in vitro diabetic activity was assessed. The in vitro cancer preventive action was evaluated by doing the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test. The outcomes of the study showed increase in dose-dependent percentage of inhibition in α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity for both extract and standard ranging from 100 to 500 μg/ml. The current review proposes that the concentrate of KGR could be utilized for the treatment of diabetes mellitus as well with respect to dealing with the oxidative stress-related diseases.

In-vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties of Corchorus olitorius Leaves and Seed Ethanol Extract

Background: Medicinal herbs have been widely used in therapeutic applications for various diseases in today’s world. These herbs are used by village folk medicine, but without scientific evidence.  Corchorus olitorius, also known as jute mallow is a herb that possesses many curing effects like pain, fever and many other diseases like cystitis and tumour etc. Objective: The objective of the study was to elucidate the effects of corchorus olitorius as antioxidant and antidiabetic. Materials and Methods: In Vitro Evaluation of antidiabetic and antioxidant properties were conducted using various tests. Alpha - amylase inhibitory activity and  alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity for antidiabetic activity and DPPH free radical scavenging assay for antioxidant property was performed. The results were compared with standard metformin and aspirin respectively. Results: Results showed a dose dependent increase in alpha amylase inhibitory activity with concentration ranging from 100-500 micro/ml. Results showed a dose dependent increase in alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity with concentration ranging from 100-500 micro/ml. Results showed a dose dependent increase in DPPH free radical scavenging activity with concentration ranging from 100-500 micro/ml. Conclusion: The results showed an innovative finding that ethanolic seed extract of corchorus olitorius has great potential as antidiabetic and antioxidant property which can be used as novel innovative natural medication in the medical field rather than using any artificial synthetic drug which causes many other side-effects like allopathic drugs.

Studies on Chemotherapeutic Potential of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Aegle marmelos on Human Lung Cancer Cell Lines

Background: Lung cancer, one of the world’s leading causes of cancer death. There is an improvement in mortality by screening of lung cancer by low dose computed tomography. Long time ago, lung cancer was a reportable disease which now became a commonest cause of death due to cancer. Discovery of medicine for various diseases is still an ongoing process. A lot of diseases are still remaining a threat without any treatment or medicine. Herbal derived medicines are preferred because of their low side effects on patients. Objective: To investigate the role of Aegle marmelos against human lung cancer cell lines (A549 cell line). Materials and Methods: A549 cell lines were procured from NCCS (National center for cell sciences) Pune, India. It was cultured and viability of the cells before and after adding the extract was analysed using the MTT assay. mRNA amplification was done using real time PCR.Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and dunken’s multiple test. Corresponding graphs are also plotted. Results: The viability of the cells decreased from 100% to 50%. The mRNA expression of wnt and β-catenin decreased after the addition of the extract. Conclusion: The study concluded that Aegle marmelos possesses a good, novel, innovative, anti- cancer activity against the lung cancer cell lines A549.

Assessment of Lung Function Test on Street Vendors of Chennai Region, India

Introduction: Street vendors are the most dominant occupation in urban and rural areas. Street vendors are exposed to several environmental pollution. They inhale toxic compounds such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and other volatile organic chemicals. This is due to emission from vehicles and traffic. The aim of the study is to assess lung function on street vendors of the Chennai region. Materials and Methods: The study is done among street vendors in chennai region.  The study included 50 people where 25 people are from the exposed group and 25 people are from the normal group. It was conducted by using a computerised spirometer. The total air capacity of the lung. The data was collected and entered in SPSS software. The results were obtained by doing an independent sample T test. Result and Discussion: Parameters like FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEV1/FVC were used to assess the lung function. It was observed that there is a decline in pulmonary functions parameters of the street vendors and  it was not statistically significant . Conclusion: Thus the effect of pollution by the vehicles may be responsible for the pulmonary function impairment on street vendors affecting their lungs and other organs. This can be prevented by using face masks, lifestyle modification etc.

In vitro Anti-inflammatory Properties of Various Extracts of Andrographis echioides

Background: Andrographis echioides (Acanthaceae) which is commonly known as false water willow is a herb commonly found throughout India. Some of them are medicinally important. The plants from genus Andrographis are used in goiter, liver diseases, fever, fertility problems, bacterial, malarial, helminthic fungal, diarrhea and larvicidal disorders. Materials and Methods: The in-vitro anti inflammatory properties of aqueous, ethanolic, chloroform extracts were evaluated by Protein denaturation assay. Aspirin was a positive control. The experiment was done in triplicates and percent inhibition of protein denaturation was calculated. The data were analysed statistically using one way analysis of variance ( ONE-WAY ANOVA). Duncan's multiple tests were used to analyse the statistical significance between groups. The level of significance was considered at the levels of p<0.005. Results: There was a dose-dependent increase in protease inhibition of protein denaturation in three extracts from the concentration ranging from 100 to 500 ug/ml. All the three extracts of Andrographis echioides showed better in-vitro anti-inflammatory effect compounds. Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that aqueous, ethanolic, chloroform of Andrographis echioides possessed potent in vitro anti inflammatory effect attributed to its flavonoid, phenyl glycosides compounds.

Effect of Kabasura Kudineer Extract on Inhibitory Kappa B Kinase Beta and m TOR mRNA Complex Expression in Lung Cancer Cells (A549 Cell)

Background: Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate and highest rate of metastasis. Kabasura kudineer was used widely during the Covid period. The aim of the study is to find the effect of kabasura kudineer extract on inhibitory kappa B kinase beta and mTOR mRNA complex expression in lung cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Cell viability test was done using MTT assay. mRNA expression of inhibitory kappa B Kinase and mTOR was done by real-time PCR. The data was analysed statistically by one way analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range test with graph prism version 5. p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Kabasura kudineer caused a marked increase in cell death in dose dependent manner. At the end of 48 hours, maximum inhibition was at 300 and 400 µg/ml. Kabasura kudineer has inhibited the mRNA expression of inhibitory kappa B Kinase and mTOR in lung cancer cell lines (A549 cell). Conclusion: The study indicates that kabasura kudineer extract has anti cancer activity on the lung cancer cell line (A549 cell).

An Evaluation of Long Term Physical Exercise on Cognitive Function in the Age Group of 40-55 Years of Both Genders

Aim: To determine the effect of long term physical exercise on cognitive function. Introduction: Physical exercise is a strong gene modulator and it affects the brain plasticity by influencing cognitive function. It is also a protein factor of neurodegeneration. Materials and Methods: 20 healthy adults in the age group of 40-55 years of both genders with no history of neurological condition were chosen for the study. The participants were categorised into 2 groups, one with subjects on regular physical exercise for a period of 1 year and another with subjects without any physical mode of exercise. Results: Attention and calculation tasks conducted on long term physical exercise and non physical exercise are significant and recall tasks conducted on long term physical exercise are significant. The level of registration and language was high in the long term physical exercise population as compared to the non-physical exercise population. Conclusion: The present study added an innovative evidence that the role of exercise enhances cognitive function in young subjects and reduces cognitive decay. Regular exercise has the potential to reduce risk of various neurological diseases including Alzheimer, Huntington’s and Parkinson’s.

In vitro Antioxidant Properties of Various Extracts of Andrographis Echioides

Background: Andrographis  echioides is a medicinal herb, used in the treatment of various diseases.  It has potential antioxidant properties.  The  present study plan is to find a novel herbal antidote for oxidative stress from Andrographis echioides. Objective: The aim of the current study is to analyse the in vitro antioxidant property of aqueous, ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of Andrographis echioides. Materials and Methods: DPPH free radical scavenging assay was performed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of Andrographis echioides. Experiments were carried out in triplicates and percentage inhibition of DPPH radical scavenging activity was calculated. The data was analysed statistically and the level of significance was considered at the level of p<0.05. Results: There is a dose dependent increase in the percentage of inhibition of DPPH free radical by the extracts. All the three extracts (aqueous, ethanolic and chloroformic extracts) of Andrographis  echioides showed significant increase in the antioxidant property with  concentration ranging from 100-500 µg.    Conclusion: The study concluded that different extracts of Andrographis echioides showed effective antioxidant properties and it could protect the biological system against oxidative stress including ageing, cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disorders.

Impact of COVID-19 Online Education on Mental Health of College Students

Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease that is caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. This virus primarily spreads out through the droplets of saliva and SARS COV-2 virus was named after its unique shape, which has taken the form of a crown with the protrusions surrounding it. With the closure of all educational institutions, there is a need for a rapid transition from physical learning to digital learning. Online education has been observed as the best possible alternative to conventional learning. Lack of interaction and social isolation has really distressed the mental health of the students. The principal aim of this study is to study the impact of the COVID-19 online education on mental health of college students. Materials & Methods: A questionnaire comprising 14 questions was created using an online Google forms website and was circulated among 131 dental students. This survey was conducted within a week in the months of Feb 2021. The results and observations were recorded in the form of pie charts and bar charts. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Chi square test was used for correlation and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Male (48.3%) and female (51.7%) both were equally affected by mental health issues like stress and anxiety. 57% of them answered yes and 42.7% of them answered no, when they were questioned whether students understood the concepts or not with online education.  71.76% of the students felt stressed and the rest of them were not stressful. Among female students, 41.22% of them preferred offline education and only 12.21% of them preferred online education and males, about 29% of them preferred offline mode of education and only 17.5% of them preferred online mode of education and it was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Around 40% to 60% of the students have shown that they have experienced moderate to severe anxiety and stress levels during the COVID-19 lockdown period.

Evaluation of Anticancer Effect of Aegle marmelos in Human Breast Cancer Cells by In-vitro Analysis

Background: Cancer is uncontrolled division and proliferation of abnormal cells in the body. Nowadays, therapeutic Treatment of cancer has become a great clinical challenge and alternative medicines are being extensively studied to cure cancer. Aegle marmelos is one such plant Which has many pharmacological activities. Aim: To study the anticancer activity of Aegle marmelos which promotes cell death in human cancer breast cells MCF7 by modulating wnt/beta catenin expression. Materials and methods: Human Breast Cancer cell line (MCF-7) was purchased from NCCS.Cell viability was assayed using a modified colorimetric technique that is based on the ability of live cells to convert MTT. The specificity of the amplification product was determined by melting curve analysis for each primer pairs. The obtained data were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple range test with a computer-based software. Results:  the viability of cancer cells after addition of Aegle marmelos has decreased from 100% to 50% with increase in concentration of the extract 100-600 micrograms/ml. It is also evident that there was a fold change in control over Wnt m-RNA expression of MCF7 that decreased significantly on the addition of Aegle marmelos extract. The results also showed that there was a fold change in control of the beta catenin m-RNA expression of MCF7,which decreased significantly in addition to Aegle marmelos. Conclusion: The present study concluded an innovative finding that Aegle marmelos promotes cell death in MCF7 cells by modulating the pathway. The plant extract also possesses hepato- renal protective effect thus, it can be used as a novel and safe anti-cancer drug against breast cancer cells.

Anticancer Activity of Aegle Marmelos on Human Hepg2 Cells by Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases Expression

Background: Aegle marmelos belong to the family rutaceae. It is commonly known as Bael. It is used in traditional medicine, as it has antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, antiviral, radio-protective, anticancer, chemo-preventive properties which are of great medicinal use. Liver cancer is the 5th most common type of cancer, Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common form, which originates from the liver. Aegle marmelos is said to inhibit the proliferative action of cancer cells. Objective: To investigate the role of Aegle marmelos against human liver cancer cells (HEP G2 cell line) by inhibiting the activity of matrix metalloproteinases which is responsible for spread of cancer. Materials and methods: HEP G2 cell lines were procured from NCCS (National center for cell sciences) Pune, India. It was cultured and viability of the cells before and after adding the extract was analysed using the MTT assay. mRNA amplification was done using real time PCR. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and dunken’s multiple test. Corresponding graphs are also plotted. Results: The viability of the cells decreased from 100% to 50%. The mRNA expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 decreased after the addition of the extract. Conclusion: From this study we can conclude that Aegle marmelos, a novel innovative anticancer drug inhibited the proliferative action of liver cancer cells by reducing the expression of MMP 2 and MMP 9 and possesses anti-cancer activity.

Comparative Evaluation of Lung Functions between Ac and Non Ac users among Student Population

Background: Usage of air conditioners (AC) has been highly increased in this modern era. In addition to the cooling of the environment, it has a major impact on human health. Rapid influx of cold dry air increases the risk of bronchoconstriction in asthma patients due to the dehydration of the air pathway. So, the present study planned to comparatively evaluate the lung functional status in air conditioner and non air conditioner users. Materials and Methods: The pulmonary functional capacity was assessed using FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio, Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and FEF 25-75% in a Helios 702 spirometer. Results: The lung functional capacities among the AC users showed a statistically significant decline in PEFR and FEF25-75% indicating the risk of airway obstruction. Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that AC users are developing ventilatory dysfunction and are at more risk of respiratory dysfunction. The coldness of the aerosol of the AC unit or other factors responsible may be allergens, infections and humidity level. Thus technical and hygienic features of air intake must be ensured to maintain a good indoor air quality.

An Evaluation of Physical and Psychological Changes in School Children during Online Education - A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Covid -19 is a great pandemic that keeps people indoors. This has increased the levels of perceived stress among not only adults but also young children. Children are much exposed to online education that keeps them in front of a computer or mobile phone exposing them to virtual education. This causes them to get stressed very easily. Objective: To evaluate the physical and psychological changes in school children during online education. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of a sample consisting of 100 school children undergoing online education through their schools was conducted. The participants were administered with a self developed questionnaire consisting of 17 questions. The responses were collected using google forms. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis and chi square test was used to analyse the data. Results: The study reported that school children were stressed during online education. Crosstab evaluation was done for the questionnaire. It reported that the majority of the female children said that they feel good about online education and are able to manage the stress. Conclusions: This study concluded an innovative finding that there is a gradual increase in the level of stress from moderate high among school students after the start of the COVID-19  outbreak.

Evaluation of Lung Function Test in Zumba Dancers

Introduction: Exercise is very important in each and every individual’s life. Zumba exercise is a form of physical exercise that combines all the exercise which is beneficial for the body. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of zumba exercise training on pulmonary function tests in individuals. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out among 60 individuals where 30 people belonged to a normal group and 30 people were zumba dancers. The values were recorded through a computerised spirometer. This study was done among zumba dancers in the Chennai region. The results were analysed using SPSS software. unpaired T test was used to analyse the statistical significance. p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean values of the lung function test for FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratios were 3.73, 2.88 and 82.33% respectively and all the values were statistically not significant. Conclusion: The study showed that pulmonary function tests in zumba dancers were good when compared to the control group.

Knowledge, and Awareness of Covid Vaccines among Senior Citizens in Chennai

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by SARS-CoV-2. It first originated from Wuhan, China. It has caused many effects on each and every part of people all over the world. So many pharmaceutical companies have tried to find vaccines against. India found one of its kinds, named Covaxin and Covishield. The awareness of vaccines is needed to people of all age groups. This study is aimed to create awareness and knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines among senior citizens. Materials and Methods: Online based, cross-sectional survey was conducted for a period of one week among 136 senior citizens aged between 55-100 years. The survey questions were created using Google forms and sent via whatsapp and email to their family members to translate them. The survey consists of 13 questions in which two were demographic details and the rest were questionnaires. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. Chi-square test was done to analyze the correlations p value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 136 senior citizens responded to the survey. The majority of the populations were females (62.5%) within the age group 60-70 years in Chennai. Out of 136, 91.8% were aware of covid pandemic, 81.6% were aware covid vaccine, 74.2% think vaccine is necessary for corona, 69.1% weren’t aware of types of vaccine available for coronavirus in India, 73.5% answered it’s an important tool to stop pandemic and 66.1% were willing to get vaccinated. 60-80 showed better awareness about the benefits of vaccines when compared to other age groups (p value 0.028) Conclusion: The survey showed the senior citizens of Chennai were more aware (81.6%) about Covid vaccine and Covid-pandemic. Females (62.5%) had better awareness when compared to males (37.5%).

An Evaluation of Stress Induced by Neet Coaching among School Children

Aim: Stress is the feeling of emotional or physical tension. The body produces a surge of emotions when you are in a stressful situation. Human beings of all age groups are more prone for stress. Students are more stressed due to the huge syllabus, pressure from family and parents. Stress causes immune suppression and myocardial infarction. In today’s highly competitive world, students face various academic problems including exam stress, disinterest in attending classes and inability to understand the subject. It can cause students to be unable to perform to their full potential in an exam. The purpose of the present study is to examine the prevalence of the effect of NEET coaching stress among private secondary school students in Chennai. Materials and Methods: Participants were 115 adolescent students from private                    secondary schools in Chennai who were studying in grades 10, 11 and 12. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique and were assessed using a study-specific questionnaire. Results: Most of the students reported higher stress levels, but males reported significantly higher stress levels than females. The main sources of stress were examinations, academic reasons, and family troubles. The students’ main responses to stress were listening to music, talking with someone about the problem, and exercise. Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that Private high school students in Chennai report high levels of NEET coaching stress. As such there is a need to develop effective interventions to help these students better manage their stress and anxiety.

An Evaluation of Stress Levels in Professionals Performing Work from Home in it Industry during COVID-19 Pandemic

Background:  Stress is a feeling that comes from emotional and physical tension. Stress can come from any thought that makes you feel sad, angry or nervous. It is a natural feeling of not being able to cope with specific demands and events. Stress is your body’s reaction to a challenge or demand.  Negative responses to challenges can have an adverse effect on the health and happiness of the person who is undergoing stress. IT industry is a filed that poses lot of stress on the workers due to the peer pressures, working hours and work stress. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the stress among IT professionals who are working from home. Materials and Methods: The study design involves a cross-sectional study was done among IT professionals to evaluate the stress among IT professionals who are undergoing work from              home admist the COVID- 19 Pandemic situation (6 months duration). A study involved a self-developed questionnaire consisting of 27 questions to assess the stress level of IT people              working in IT industry for more than 2 years. This questionnaire was circulated in Google forms and 137 people responded for the survey, out of which 123 participants were undergoing work from home. Results: Out of 137 study participants, 18.25% of them were female and 81.75% of them were male. 25.55% participants were of age group 18 - 35 and 74.45% participants were of age group 35 -50. 90.51% participants are IT professionals and out of those 86.86% of participants are doing work from home. 72.26% of the participants feel that they are stressed too much due to work from home, and 27.47% of the participants feel that they are not that much stressed due to work from home. 45.99% of participants are more stressed, 28.47% of them are moderately stressed, 13.14% of them are lightly stressed and 12.41% of them are not stressed. Conclusion: Thus, the study concluded an innovative finding that IT professionals experienced severe stress due to high peer pressures, home environments and were more prone to psychosomatic disorders.

Anticancer Activity of Leaf Hydro Ethanolic Extract of Aegle marmelos in Human Lung Cancer Cell Mediated through Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 mRNA Expression

Background: Aegle marmelos (AE) is a medicinal plant that comes under the rutaceae family and the plant was used in the past for treating many diseases and illness symptoms. The plant has many effects such as anti-diarrhoeal, antimicrobial, antiviral, radioprotective, anticancer, chemopreventive, antipyretic, ulcer healing, antigenotoxic, diuretic, antifertility and anti-inflammatory properties. Aim: To know the anticancer activity of hydroethanolic leaf extract of Aegle marmelos over lung cancer cells treated with caspase 3 and caspase 9 mRNA expression. Materials and Methods: The required chemicals were collected mainly from Canada. The lung cancer cells (A549) were collected from NCCS pune and then RNA was extracted from the cells and then the study was conducted after treating it with caspase 3 and caspase 9 mRNA expression. The cells were treated with many dosage of hydroethanolic extract of Aegle marmelos and the cell viability was noted. Results: The study reported that extract of Aegle marmelos has a great anticancer activity about 1 fold change over rate of 1.7 for cells treated with caspase 3 and a fold change over of 1 in caspase 9 treated lung cancer cells. Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Aegle marmelos has a great anticancer activity against lung cancer cells treated with caspase 3 and caspase 9 mRNA expression.

Influence of COVID-19 on Quality of Life among Nurses Treating COVID-19 in Tamil Nadu

Background: COVID-19 is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS- COV- 2). The coronavirus is transmitted by different ways, including contact transmission, direct transmission and aerosol transmission. In health care professions the largest and diverse forces are the nurses. Nurses are important in managing the health emergency management crisis because of their vital link between the health care professionals and the patients. The COVID-19 pandemic has placed health care professionals (HCPs) in high stressful circumstances due to increase in patients. Normal life of nurses would be unprecedented disruption and high risk of exposure. The aim of the study is to investigate the quality of life among nurses treating patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The study setting was an online questionnaire survey among nurses in Tamilnadu. This study was conducted in February 2021. There are 127 participants in this survey. The answers regarding how they feel treating COVID-19 Patients, kind of support, impact and quality of life were collected. The data were analysed statistically using SPSS software. The results and observations were recorded in a pie chart. The chi square test and correlation between genders was done and represented in the bar chart. p<0.05 was statistically significant. Results: More than 50% of the nurses responded that their quality of life was good. 43.31% Females have a good quality of life. 78% of the nurses replied that they have both physical and mental impact treating COVID-19 Patients. The association between the gender and quality of life of nurses was found with the help of chi square test p=0.383 (p >0.05) and hence it was statistically not significant. Conclusion: The present study found that the majority of nurses 54.33% have a good quality of life.The officials in the health care system should improve the nurses' working conditions, strategies and their quality of work life, so that nurses will perform their duties properly.

An Evaluation of Hot Water Intake and Relief from Menstrual Cramps among Healthy Females - A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain that very women undergo during her menstrual phase. It may vary in its frequency and duration in each and every woman. Many home remedies have been followed by females to combat these menstrual cramps. One such treatment is intake of hot water for three days during the menstrual phase Objective: To aim of the study is to observe the changes experienced by female who consume hot water regularly during menstruation Methods: The study was conducted in 100 female subjects with regular cycles of menstruation. The participants were administered with a self developed questionnaire consisting of 16 questions relating to the menstrual cramps and the remedies they chose and their regularity of hot water intake and the relief they obtained. The responses were collected using google forms. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis and chi square test was used to analyze the data. Results: The study observed that female subjects experienced better results after regular  hot water intake during menstruation. It relieves menstrual cramps and improves mental health. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the majority of the population had a regular habit of taking hot water and experienced improvement and relief from menstrual cramps.

Impact of Online Classes on the Mental Health of School Students during COVID-19 in Chennai

Background: The pandemic Covid-19 has affected the whole world drastically. Social distancing measures were implemented by all the countries. In order to practice social distancing, most governments had temporarily closed all the educational institutions. Traditional face to face learning was switched to online learning not to compromise on a student’s academic progress. The aim of this study is to observe the impact of online classes on the mental health of school students during covid-19 in Chennai. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted which was cross sectional. A self administered questionnaire was distributed among school students using an online platform google forms and 120 students participated in the survey. Data was collected and analysed by using SPSS software. Pearson Chi square was done to correlate the gender and mental illness of the participants. Results: 43.33% felt that online classes were stressful. 54.17% of the participants were satisfied with this mode of learning. Female students were more stressed than male students which were not significant. Nearly 45% of female students were not satisfied with this mode of learning which was not significant. It was found that female students were more depressed than male students. However, statistically it is not significant (p = 0.06). Conclusion: Based on this study, about 49.16% of the participants were impacted mentally and are stressed because of online learning and it has also affected their academic performance during this pandemic situation. This study may help them to know stress levels and be aware to take steps to overcome the stress and increase their academic performance.

Respiratory Responses to Short Term Sustained Isometric Muscle Contraction among Undergraduates

Aim: This study sets out to investigate whether a short-term isometric abdominal exercise can benefit adults with improvement in ventilatory functions. Materials And Methods: The present study was performed in 20 adults from the student population of I-BDS students with no history of smoking and respiratory illness. The participants did a daily 20-minute static abdominal exercise over a period of three days. The lung function test was assessed using spirometry and the values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, FEF 25-75. Paired dependent t test was done to evaluate the anthropometric variables and changes in lung functions pre-exercise on day 1 and post-isometric exercise on day 3.  Results: The study demonstrated a significant increase in the mean values of forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second. The FEV1/FVC ratio, PEFR, FEF 25-75% did not reveal significant changes. Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that ventilatory functions improved after short term isometric training.

Evaluation of Various Stress Management Strategies among Chennai People - A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Feeling stressed is a part of everyone's life. A feeling of emotional or physical tension is known as stress. Relaxation strategies play an important role in overcoming stress. Objective: To evaluate the different stress patterns, their perceived stress and effects of different stress management strategies. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted through a convenience sampling method. The participants were administered with a self developed questionnaire consisting of 11 questions. The responses were collected using google forms. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis and chi square test was used to analyse the data. Results: The present study reported that the majority of respondents were stressed due to academic and personal reasons and among the various stress relaxation methods, respondents felt that music and yoga relieved them from stress. Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that music and yogic exercises when adopted provided a decent stress management strategy that suits the respondents.

Evaluation on Lung Functions after Examination Stress in Student Population

Background: Professional degrees are daunting to the learning group because of a modern curriculum that is dramatically different from high school curricula and other educational courses. It is more pronounced among first year students in educational institutions because of rivalry and demands from institution managers, academic staff and parents. Stress causes many detrimental effects in the body. Aim: The present study planned to evaluate the effect of examination stress on the changes in lung functions among dental college students. Materials and Methods: 20 normal students were selected and categorised into normal and stressed students. They were assessed for a lung function test using RMS helios 702 Spirometer. The parameters such as FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, FEF25-75 were assessed. Results: It is observed that there was a decrease in the values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, FEF25-75 in exam stressed students when compared to normal students. The values of FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75 were statistically significant. Conclusion: Thus, the study concluded an innovative finding that there was an inverse association with depressive symptoms in the pulmonary function test of exam stressed students which was shown by a statistically significant decrease in FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75. Exam is really a stressful experience and affects both male and female students. Awareness should be conducted among students about ill effects of stress. Decreased stress, increased lung function results in increased academic performance.

Evaluation of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability during Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle

Introduction: Every month, between puberty and menopause, a woman’s body goes through a number of changes to get it ready for a possible pregnancy. This series of hormone-driven events is called the menstrual cycle. A woman’s menstrual cycle is divided into three phases- proliferative phase, secretory phase and menstrual phase.  The hormonal surge during each phase causes profound effects on the cardiovascular system as well. However, previous research reported conflicting results in this concept. Thus the controversial statements associating blood pressure and heart rate variability with menstrual cycle promoted this research. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the blood pressure and heart rate variability during different phases of the menstrual cycle. Materials and Methods: 20 healthy women belonging to the proliferative, secretory and menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle were analyzed for autonomic functions tests using systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate and heart rate variability. Results: It showed that there was a statistically significant increase in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate during the secretory phase. There was an increase in heart rate variability during the menstrual phase but this was statistically insignificant. Conclusion:  The study concluded that there were significant changes in blood pressure during the secretory phase and pulse rate and insignificant increase in heart rate variability during the menstrual phase. Thus, the study also concluded that sympathetic nervous activity in the secretory phase is significantly greater than in the proliferative phase, whereas parasympathetic nervous activity is predominant in the proliferative phase.

Evaluation of Lung Functional Status among People Living in Different Type of Housing in Chennai City

Background: Different housing has its influence on the health of the residents. The high rise apartment is a type of living adapted by people in urban areas of India. It becomes inevitable and poses much convenience and economy without occupying much land area. It is known that the floor of residence is related to the pulmonary function of the individuals. Objective: The aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the lung functional status among the people living in high rise apartments and individual houses in Chennai                               city. Materials and Methods: The study included 20 healthy individuals, 10 residents from Individual houses and 10 residents from high rise apartments from the 10th to 15th floor. The lung function was measured using RMS Helios 702 spirometer. They were assessed for a lung function test using RMS Helios 702 spirometer. The parameters such as FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, FEF25-75 were assessed, and the statistical test used was independent t test. Results: The mean of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, FEF 25-75, PEFR were maximum in high rise apartment residents compared to individual house residents. Statistically significant change was observed in the FEF25-75 value among the two groups. Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that subjects living in high rise apartments showed innovation in finding better lung functions and this may be attributed to the pollution free zone in high floors.

Psychological and Emotional Changes among Students Undergoing Different Teaching Strategies- A Survey

Background: Stress is a common and serious threat that affects different populations in various age groups. Students belonging to professional courses in medical and dental colleges are subjected to higher levels of stress. Objective: The objective of the present study was to assess stress associated with different teaching strategies in students of various professional colleges and its influence on academic, social and health-related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 students of medical, dental and engineering colleges from the urban area of Chennai city using a convenience sampling technique. A self-developed questionnaire consisting of 18 questions was used for the data collection to analyse the level, frequency, reason for stress, stress symptoms, type of education they undergo, stress relief methods followed. This questionnaire was circulated by Google forms and the responses were collected. Analysis was done using frequency analysis and chi-square test. Results: Results revealed that the majority of participants about 57.7 % are undergoing regular education, 23% of students are undergoing express education and 18% of students are undergoing online education. About 70% of respondents stated that they feel stress. Majority of participant in the regular mode of education responded that they took antidepressant drugs (23%), music (16.5%) for the habit of fighting against stress and the association was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that most of the students underwent regular education and were better at academic performance and stress pertaining to academics was dealt with habit of hearing music and intake of antidepressant drugs.

Evaluation of Cognitive Functions and Emotional Disturbances in Elderly Patients using Smart Phone Mobiles

Background: Research shows that smartphones can lead to brain affects which slowly ability and start to store information remotely outside the brain brings mental laziness. When people are given smart- phones they reduce the memory storing. So, the present study planned to evaluate the Emotional disturbances and cognitive functions and language skills among android mobile non-users and users Methods: A study population involved 20 adults in the age group of 50-70 years. They were divided into two groups. Group 1- Subjects who were not using any mobile phone but were using landline Group 2-Subjects on regular use of Smartphones. Battery cognitive tests were assessed using MINI mental state examination and the levels of orientation, memory, attention, language, abstraction and recall was analyzed. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed using an independent sample t test. The emotional status was assessed based on a cross-sectional study using a depression questionnaire performed among 100 elderly subjects in the age group of patients from private dental colleges. The data was collected and analyzed using SPSS software version 23. Results: As the result of mobile phones as it causes diseases. Apart from cancer, mobile phones influence our brain and nervous system. They may cause decreased attention, sleep disorders, headache, shortness of temper, and depression, mostly among elders. Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that Mobile phone usage causes more cognitive changes in middle aged and they must be educated with the harmful effects of more and frequent usage of mobile phones. And they should impact with their family and relatives

Effect of Sustained Isometric and Isotonic Exercises on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability – A Comparative Study

Introduction: Isometric exercises are contractions of a particular muscle which doesn’t noticeably change length and the affected joint doesn’t move [1]. Isotonic exercises involve contracting muscle shortens against a constant weight, as when lifting as weight [2,3]. These two different types of exercise have profound changes in the body affecting the respiratory and cardiovascular systems [4]. Studies comparing the effectiveness of isotonic and isometric exercises on blood pressure and heart rate variability (HRV) were scanty [5]. Objective: The present study planned to investigate and compare the efficacy of isometric as well as isotonic exercises on changes in blood pressure, heart rate and HRV. Materials and methods: 10 normal healthy subjects in the age group 17-20 years of both genders participated in the study. All the subjects were assessed under three different conditions: Resting state, After isotonic exercises (20 repetitions of straight leg raise) and After isometric exercises 2 mins of sustained abdominal exercises). After each procedure, blood pressure and heart rate variability were calculated. Results: Isometric exercises cause reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure while pulse rate increases significantly. Isotonic exercises increase the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure significantly. The result is statistically significant with p<0.050. Conclusion: Thus it can be concluded an innovative finding that isometric exercise causes profound decline in blood pressure and increased heart rate variability thus showing a negative impact on cardiovascular health. So it can be concluded that isotonic exercise improves the circulation and supports the cardiovascular system and strengthens the muscle, improves bone density and boosts cardiac function

Comparative Evaluation of Cognitive Function among Indian Obese and Non-Obese Middle-Aged Subjects

Background:  Obesity has become one of the common problems encountered by people of the present day. This condition is often accompanied by cardiovascular problems like hypertension, hyperlipidemia, is chemic heart disease. Also, that the relationship between obesity and cognitive impairment plays an important role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. But reports on the association between obesity and working memory lack scientific evidence. So, the present study planned to assess the influence of obesity on cognitive functions and compare among obese and non - obese individuals. Objective: This study evaluated the changes in cognitive functions comparative between samples of obese and non-obese individuals from India. Methods: Based on the Body Mass Index (BMI), the participants were classified into 2 groups. Cognitive screening was done using MINI MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION and the parameters like level of orientation, registration, recall, language, copy art skills were analyzed and scores were calculated. The data was statistically analyzed using SPSS version 23 and the independent sample t test was used to analyze the differences in cognitive functions. Results: The study reported that there was statistically significant decline in language, recall and copy art skills in obese individuals compared to non-obese group. Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that obesity is associated with impaired cognitive performance pertaining to recall, language and copy art and overall decreased MMSE scores indicating that accelerated cognitive decline and neurodegenerative pathologies such as dementia in later life is influenced by changes in body weight. Interventions that target mid-life obesity may be helpful in reducing the cognitive risks associated with obesity.

Comparative Evaluation of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability among Non-vegetarians and Vegetarians

Background: Dietary approaches to regulate blood pressure should be an important strategy of cardiovascular health. There is extensive study demonstrating multiple individual dietary components and several dietary patterns that affect blood pressure. Aim: The present study planned to investigate the influence of dietary patterns on cardiac functions. Materials and Methods: 20 healthy subjects belonging to regular consumption of vegetarian and heavy non vegetarian diet among the student population were analysed for changes in blood pressure (SBP, DBP, PP, MAP), Pulse rate and heart rate variability (HRV). Results: The results of the study revealed that non vegetarians showed a significant increase in systolic blood pressure (p=0.030) (p>0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.033) (p>0.05) and insignificant decrease in heart rate variability in comparison with the vegetarians.  Conclusion: Thus the study concluded that there is a positive interaction of diet preference and changes in blood pressure among vegetarians and non vegetarians.

Effect of Kabasura Kudineer Extract on Inflammatory Cytokines [Interleukin-6 and Tumour Necrosis Factor-α] in Lung Cancer Cell Line A549

Background: Kabasura kudineer is widely known for its anticancer efficiency. Kabasura kudineer is a customary formulation used by siddha practitioners for effectively managing common respiratory illness. Herbal medicines are acknowledged as a great approach to lung cancer therapy. Aim of the study is to know about the anticancer property of Kabasura kudineer extract on inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in lung cancer cell line (A549). Materials and Methods: Human lung cancer cell line (A549) was purchased from National Centre for Cell Sciences (NCCS), Pune, India. Cell viability test was done by MTT assay. Gene expression analysis was done by Real Time-PCR. The obtained data were analysed statistically by one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test with Graph Pad Prism version 5 to analyse the significance. The significance was considered at p<0.05 level in Duncan’s test. Results and Discussion: Kabasura kudineer caused a marked increase in cell death in dose dependent manner. AT the end of 48 hours, maximum inhibition was at 400 and 500 μg/ml. Kabasura kudineer extract reduced the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α compared to the control cells. Conclusion: This study concluded that Kabasura kudineer extract has anticancer activity on lung cancer cell lines (A549).

In vitro Anti-inflammatory Properties in Various Extracts (Ethanol, Chloroform and Aqueous) of Kaempferia galanga Linn Rhizome

Introduction: Kaempferia galanga is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Zingiberaceae: ginger family. It is treated as a folk traditional herb. Anti Inflammatory property refers to the ability of a substance to reduce inflammation or any of its 5 cardinal signs. Aim: To assess and compare in vitro the anti-inflammatory properties of various extracts (ethanol, chloroform and aqueous) of Kaempferia galanga L Rhizome. Materials and Methods: Protein Denaturation Inhibition was carried out in vitro and statistical analysis was done using ONE WAY -ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range Tests. The test was done in triplicates. Results: Chloroform extract of Kaempferia galanga rhizome has the best anti-inflammatory potential followed by Ethanol and Aqueous extracts of the rhizome. Conclusion: With further in vivo and clinical research, the chloroform, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Kaempferia galanga can be recommended as a novel, innovative and potent anti-inflammatory drug in the market as it’s natural and doesn’t have side effects.

An Evaluation on Use of Stress Ball Exercise on Stress Management among Student Population – A Cross Section Study

Background: Stress ball is a new favourite gadget people like to use to fight stress, reduce tension. But there are not many scientific reports on the benefits of stress ball exercises. Objective: the present study aimed to investigate the level of stress among student population and the effectiveness of the use of stress ball exercises among student population. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted through a convenience sampling method. The participants were administered with a self developed questionnaire consisting of 17 questions. The responses were collected using google forms. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis and chi square test was used to analyze the data. Results: Males are more stressed than female in college environment and after stress ball exercise students feels reduced irritability and nervousness thus using stress ball exercise during stress management is more significant. Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that Majority of the student population were stressed due to academic reasons and respondents feel that stress ball users showed a satisfactory recovery from their stress.

Assessment of Short Term Memory and Perception among Homemakers and Office Going Ladies

Background: Short term memory is the capacity of holding but not manipulating a small amount of information in the mind which is readily available in an active state for a short period of time. It is essential to analyze the frequency of short term memory and perception in working women and homemakers. Aim: To comparatively evaluate short term memory and perception changes in home makers and working women Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was done alone in home makers and working women under the range 25- 57years above.to assess the frequency type duration of exposure to stress at home and work environment, stress symptoms and short-term memory changes. Results: The results of the present study showed that respondents were homemakers and had high amounts of stress which led them to have low short term, memory and perception. Working women have better short term memory and perception and respondents in the age group of 46-56 years had better short memory and perception Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that stress is more in home makers compared to working women and are prone to memory loss, which they are ignorant. A proper education and awareness of stress relaxation reduction methods can help them to improve their quality in life.

Effect of Aegle Marmelos Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract on Expression of Antiapoptotic Markers in Human Melanoma Cells

Background: Aegle marmelos commonly known as Bael is a herbal plant. Itis from a family called Rutaceae. It has many medicinal uses: anti-diarrheal, anti- microbial, anti-viral, anti-cancer, chemo-preventive, Ulcer healing and many others. Aim: To study the effect of Aegle marmelos hydroethanolic leaf extract on expression of antiapoptotic markers in human melanoma cells. Objective: The present study investigated the effect of Aegle marmelos hydroethanolic leaf extract on expression of antiapoptotic markers in human melanoma cells. Materials and Methods: DMSO and MTT chemicals were purchased from Sigma chemical Pvt Ltd. Trypsin EDTA, FBS, RPMI 1640 medium and PBS, Real time PCR kit was purchased from Canada. Human melanoma cell line (A375) was purchased from NCCS, Pune, India. Results: The data was analysed statistically by ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test with a computer based software (Graph Pad Prism version 5). The percentage of cell viability decreases with the increase in dosage of Aegle marmelos leaf extract.  Conclusion: The study concluded that Aegle marmelos hydro ethanolic leaf extract a novel and innovative herbal drug has a significant effect on the expression of antiapoptotic markers in human melanoma cell lines.

An Evaluation of Visual Perception Visual Memory Cognitive Functions and Emotional Status among Genders in Elderly Subjects

Background: Gender differences in visual memory and perception and cognitive test performance have been significantly influenced by factors like sex Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the gender differences in patterns of cognitive test performance and visual perception in healthy elderly individuals. Methods: Cognitive functions and visual perception was analyzed using clock drawing test and picture identification test in 20 elderly men and women (10 each) and their emotional status was assessed using depression scale Results: The results revealed that females had a better visual memory and depth perception compared to men and the value was statistically significant at p<0.05. Females performed better than men on tests of Picture identification and were better in phonemic verbal skills compared to male men and the value was statistically significant at p<0.05 Conclusion: The present study concluded an innovative finding that women were better in their performance related to visual depth perception and cognitive functions.

Modeling a Virtual Bare-Hand Interface System Using a Robust Hand Detection Approach for HCI

A practically deployable gesture recognition system is developed using a robust hand detection method implemented using a motion-based image segmentation process and a two-level bare hand classification model, which is integrated with a gesture classification system of 58 gestures using new robust features. Since detection of bare hand is affected by nonideal conditions, multiple color-texture features are analyzed in this study. In the second stage of the system, 18 new ASCII characters are introduced and analyzed along with the existing 40 characters (alphabets, numbers, and arithmetic operators). New 15 dimensional features are introduced along with the existing features to enhance the classification accuracy of the gestures. Significance of features statistically tested using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal–Wallis and Friedman test, which are sequentially ranked and evaluated using incremental feature selection (IFS) method. Performance of the proposed hand detection system is observed to be 12.5% higher than the existing hand detection system under clean conditions, while 46.4% higher under the nonideal conditions. Performance of 58 gestures classification model has improved by 12.08% (Naïve Bayes), 8.86% (ELM), 10.83% (SVM), 8.02% ([Formula: see text]NN), and 6.61% (ANN) after using the new features. Majority voting-based classifier fusion method further improves the performance of the gesture recognition system by 3.88%, which is validated by Turkey’s HSD test.

Schiff Base Metal Complexes as Anticancer Agents

Cutting-edge practices in bioinorganic chemistry are pivotal for enhancing the layout of compounds to lessen poisonous facet effect and recognize their mechanism of action. A powerful anticancer agent should own inherent, inhibitory property and also delivery, dosage and residence time in vivo. Organic function and conformation of mutated gene may be altered by way of binding of metal ions. Upswing of activities counting on the structural data, intending in enhancing and growing different forms of metal based compounds, continuous seek of extra metal based compounds have been synthesized via revamping the prevailing chemical shape via ligand substitution. The prevailing paper addresses the trendy development in the design of novel antitumor agents primarily based on transition metal complex via highlighting the near dating among their structural alternatives and cytotoxic ability.

Image Inpainting and Enhancement using Fractional Order Variational Model

<p>The intention of image inpainting is to complete or fill the corrupted or missing zones of an image by considering the knowledge from the source region. A novel fractional order variational image inpainting model in reference to Caputo definition is introduced in this article. First, the fractional differential, and its numerical methods are represented according to Caputo definition. Then, a fractional differential mask is represented in 8-directions. The complex diffusivity function is also defined to preserve the edges. Finally, the missing regions are filled by using variational model with fractional differentials of 8-directions. The simulation results and analysis display that the new model not only inpaints the missing regions, but also heightens the contrast of the image. The inpainted images have better visual quality than other fractional differential filters.</p>

Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Cassia occidentalis

The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Cassia occidentalis (Co) were subjected to phytochemical analysis by standard qualitative analysis and the invitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by determination of total antioxidant capacity, 1.1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical scavenging activity, superoxide scavenging activity and Ferric reducing anti oxidant potential (FRAP). The analyses revealed that the ethanolic extract of Co was able to efficiently scavenge the free radicals in a dose dependant manner. The results were compared with the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid. The results have shown that crude ethanolic extract of the leaves of Co showed excellent antioxidant activity due to the presence of bioactive compounds namely alkaloids, betacyanin, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, anthraquinones and emodins.

N-Containing Carbon/Graphene Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Supercapacitor Applications

Hetero atoms containing conductive nanocarbon materials are being studied extensively for their electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications. Herein, we report a facile process for the preparation of N-containing carbon/graphene nanocomposites by simultaneous thermal decomposition of polypyrrole into N-containing carbon and reduction of graphene oxide into graphene in H2/Ar atmosphere. The XRD pattern of N-containing carbon/graphene nanocomposites prepared at different temperatures indicated the formation of reduced graphene oxide from the reduction of GO. The FT-IR and Raman spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of N atoms in the nanocomposites and the elemental analysis was used to estimate the amount of N in the nanocomposite. The XPS analysis distinguished the pyridine, pyrrolic and quaternary forms of N present in the nanocomposite. The slow decomposition of polypyrrole resulted in the mesoporous structure to the resulting nanocomposite, which was confirmed by the BET adsorption–desorption isotherm. The electron microscopic analysis confirmed the presence of highly transparent carbon nanosheets. The amount of N in the nanocomposite that depends on the decomposition temperature was found to influence the electrochemical performance. The nanocomposite prepared at 700 °C showed a large specific capacitance of 296 F/g with an excellent cycling stability of 93% after 1000 cycles.

Neutralization of cobra venom by cocktail antiserum against venom proteins of cobra (Naja naja naja)

Naja naja venom was characterized by its immunochemical properties and electrophoretic pattern which revealed eight protein bands (14 kDa, 24 kDa, 29 kDa, 45 kDa, 48 kDa, 65 kDa, 72 kDa and 99 kDa) by SDS-PAGE in reducing condition after staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue. The results showed that Naja venom presented high lethal activity. Whole venom antiserum or individual venom protein antiserum (14 kDa, 29 kDa, 65 kDa, 72 kDa and 99 kDa) of venom could recognize N. naja venom by Western blotting and ELISA, and N. naja venom presented antibody titer when assayed by ELISA. The neutralization tests showed that the polyvalent antiserum neutralized lethal activities by both in vivo and in vitro studies using mice and Vero cells. The antiserum could neutralize the lethal activities in in-vivo and antivenom administered after injection of cobra venom through intraperitoneal route in mice. The cocktail antiserum also could neutralize the cytotoxic activities in Vero cell line by MTT and Neutral red assays. The results of the present study suggest that cocktail antiserum neutralizes the lethal activities in both in vitro and in vivo models using the antiserum against cobra venom and its individual venom proteins serum produced in rabbits.