1
|
Abu Bashar MD, Ahmed Khan I, Sridevi G. Recent Surge in Mumps Cases in India: Need for Urgent Remedial Measures. Indian Pediatr 2024; 61:370-374. [PMID: 38597102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Mumps is a global public health problem caused by mumps virus, a member of paramyxoviridae family. MMR (Mumps, Measles, Rubella), an effective vaccine, has been incorporated into routine immunization schedules in over 100 countries. On the contrary, in India, vaccine against mumps has not been included in the routine immunization schedule as mumps is still not viewed as a significant public health problem by the government to warrant such an intervention. An increasing number of mumps outbreaks being reported from many parts of the country in the recent past, is matter of concern. The current paper reviews the situation of mumps in India including the recent surge, and discusses the remedial measures to contain these outbreaks. We conclude that inclusion of Mumps component as MMR vaccine in the Universal Immunization Programme of India along with strengthening surveillance is required to tackle the situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Abu Bashar
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Correspondence to: Dr. MD Abu Bashar, Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Imran Ahmed Khan
- Department of Community Medicine, BRD Medical College and Hospital, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G Sridevi
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bharti N, Dwivedi AK, Gupta S, Singh AK, Sharma B, Khan IA. A Cross-Sectional Study Examining the Relationship Between Malnutrition and Gross Motor Function in Cerebral Palsy. Cureus 2024; 16:e55753. [PMID: 38586741 PMCID: PMC10999170 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cerebral palsy (CP) characterizes a range of permanent, nonprogressive symptoms of postural and motor dysfunction caused by an insult to the developing central nervous system in a fetus or an infant. CP manifests early in life, often within the first two to three years of age. CP is associated with poor growth, that is the deviation from the normal growth parameters. The prevalence of CP ranges from 2.0 to 3.5 per 1000 live births in high-income countries which is comparable to the estimates from low-income countries. Antenatal and perinatal insults are among the most commonly reported causes of CP; however, a large number of cases do not have an identifiable etiology of CP. The current study aims to examine the relationship between malnutrition and gross motor function in children with CP. Materials and Methods This study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nehru Hospital, Baba Raghav Das (BRD) Medical College, Gorakhpur (UP) over a period of one year (August 2020 to July 2021) after obtaining ethical clearance from the College Research Council. Children of age 1-15 years with CP attending the pediatric outpatient and inpatient departments were enrolled as the study participants after obtaining informed consent from a legal guardian. Assessment of motor function was done using the gross motor function classification system (GMFCS). Associations of malnutrition across levels of gross motor function were tested using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test whichever was applicable. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 as significant. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21 (Released 2012; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Result We analyzed 110 children with a diagnosis of CP (median age 6.5 years, interquartile range (IQR) 4.4-9.0 years). The majority (65/110; 59%) of the patients were male, and 68 (61.8%) delivered at term gestation. The most common presenting symptom among children with CP was seizures (79/110; 72.3%), the second most common being delayed milestones among 73 (66.8%), followed by difficulty in breathing among 63 (57.5%). The association between the anthropometric index of participants and GMFCS was found to be highly significant. Conclusion Most CP patients were facing gross motor disturbances. Spastic type of CP was most frequent, and more than half of the patients experienced feeding difficulty. A statistically significant association was found between gross motor functioning and the prevalence of malnutrition and stunting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Bharti
- Pediatrics, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
| | | | - Shikha Gupta
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
| | | | | | - Imran Ahmed Khan
- Community Medicine, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paliwal N, Kokate MV, Deshpande NA, Khan IA. Spinal Anaesthesia Using Hypobaric Drugs: A Review of Current Evidence. Cureus 2024; 16:e56069. [PMID: 38618403 PMCID: PMC11009833 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal anesthesia is one of the most widely used techniques in modern anesthesia practice. It involves the injection of local anesthetic drugs into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the subarachnoid space. The choice of drug, its concentration, and baricity play a crucial role in determining the characteristics of the spinal block and has evolved over the years with continuous advancements in drug formulations and administration methods. Spinal anesthesia with hypobaric drugs represents a valuable technique in the armamentarium of anesthesiologists, offering distinct advantages in terms of targeted action, reduced systemic toxicity, and enhanced hemodynamic stability. This review aims to scan the characteristics of hypobaric drugs, factors influencing their spread within the spinal canal, challenges associated with their use, clinical applications in various surgical scenarios, and potential implications for patient outcomes and healthcare practice. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant articles and a total of 23 relevant articles were selected for the review based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Hypobaric drugs have many advantages in high-risk morbidly ill patients for some select surgical procedures and daycare surgeries. The concentration and volume of hypobaric drugs need to be selected according to the extensiveness of the surgery and the desired block can be achieved by giving spinal injection in specific positions. The dynamic field of anesthesiology encompasses the integration of emerging technologies and evidence-based practices, which will contribute to further refining the safety and efficacy of spinal anesthesia with hypobaric drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Paliwal
- Anesthesiology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Memorial Medical College, Amravati, IND
| | - Minal V Kokate
- Anesthesiology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Memorial Medical College, Amravati, IND
| | - Nandini A Deshpande
- Anesthesiology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Memorial Medical College, Amravati, IND
| | - Imran Ahmed Khan
- Community Medicine, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khan IA, Bashar MA, Mohsin S, Shrivastava DK. Prevalence of delayed initiation of rabies postexposure prophylaxis and factors influencing it among animal bite victims from Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2024:trae002. [PMID: 38324406 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a rabies-endemic country like India, every animal bite is potentially taken as rabid exposure and timely and appropriate postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is crucial as rabies is an almost 100% fatal disease. METHODS A retrospective record-based study was conducted at an anti-rabies clinic (ARC) in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Data of the animal bite victims attending the ARC for PEP from January to December 2022 were extracted from the records. A semistructured questionnaire was used for collecting information regarding the interval between exposure and the initiation of anti-rabies PEP, age, gender, residence, the bite site on the body, category of exposure and other risk factors associated with the delay in PEP. RESULTS Most of the victims were male (67.6%), from an urban background (61.3%) and aged up to 20 y (43.9%). Out of the 222 victims, 62 (27.9%) had delayed initiation of PEP (>48 h after exposure). Factors found to be significantly associated with delayed initiation of PEP were residence (p=0.01), age (p=0.04) and the type of biting animal (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Delayed initiation of PEP is common among animal bite victims in this region of India, although PEP is affordable. Educational programmes and awareness-raising campaigns for timely administration of PEP should be a priority, especially targeting rural residents, those aged<18 y and those bitten by animals other than dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ahmed Khan
- Department of Community Medicine, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur 273013, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Abu Bashar
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur 273008, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sufiya Mohsin
- Department of Community Medicine, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur 273013, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D K Shrivastava
- Department of Community Medicine, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur 273013, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Singh S, Baranwal K, Rana I, Khan IA, Bajpai S. Sociodemographic Determinants of Urogenital Morbidities Among Menopausal Women in Rural Areas of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Cureus 2023; 15:e46677. [PMID: 37942388 PMCID: PMC10629220 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background After their mid-forties, almost all women, irrespective of their cultural background and health conditions, begin to experience physical, psychological, and emotional disturbances because of the progressive decline in hormone levels that occur as a reproductive-aged woman transitions from regular cyclic menses to her final menstrual period, ovarian senescence, and beyond. These morbidities hamper day-to-day life and lead to poor quality of life. Timely attention and management of these morbidities help women maintain a healthy and active life. This study aims to evaluate sociodemographic determinants of urogenital morbidities among rural menopausal women. Materials and methods We conducted the present cross-sectional study among a menopausal transition group and a postmenopausal group of women age 40 to 55 residing in the Chargawan block of the district of Gorakhpur from August 1, 2021, to July 31, 2022. After estimating the sample size based on the 2011 census of India, we selected 385 eligible participants. Results We studied a total of 385 women over a period of one year, out of which 171 (46%) were in the menopausal transition and 214 (54%) were postmenopausal. For urinary incontinence and burning micturition, when we compared both groups in relation to age, we found no significant association (p > .05). The symptom of urinary incontinence was significantly associated with the socioeconomic status of participants in both the menopausal transition and postmenopausal groups (p < .05). Conclusions Postmenopausal women harbor a considerable number of urogenital morbidities. Sociocultural, demographic, and behavioral factors influence these morbidities. These associations might serve as indicators of women at risk of experiencing more severe urogenital morbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Singh
- Community Medicine, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Kavita Baranwal
- Community Medicine, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Indu Rana
- Community Medicine, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Imran Ahmed Khan
- Community Medicine, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Somesh Bajpai
- Community Medicine, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Singh RK, Singh KK, Singh A, Khan IA, Yadav SC. Factors Affecting Biochemical and Echocardiographic Indices in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Without Overt Symptoms of Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e46904. [PMID: 37954809 PMCID: PMC10636655 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes is a known risk factor for heart failure (HF), and HF often manifests as a common cardiovascular event in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Once HF is present, diabetes presents an especially adverse prognosis for subsequent morbidity and mortality. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and n-terminal ProBNP (NT-proBNP) are used as diagnostic biomarkers for HF that are secreted by the ventricles in response to increased myocardial wall stress. If we could unmask some clinical and routine laboratory parameters affecting BNP and ejection fraction (EF), we can predict impending HF and take measures to prevent it. The current study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting BNP and EF for detecting potential HF in T2DM patients who do not exhibit overt HF symptoms. Materials and methods The present cross-sectional study was performed after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee. T2DM patients consulting the Medicine Outpatient Department (OPD) of BRD Medical College Gorakhpur during a two-month period (from 20 July 2023 to 19 September 2023) with age >40 years and duration of T2DM >10 years. Multistage random sampling was done to recruit study participants, and 308 patients participated in the study. Informed consent was obtained from the recruited participants. The chi-square or Fisher's exact test (whichever was applicable) was used to explore the association between categorical variables. Correlation statistics were calculated using Spearman correlation among the NT-proBNP, EF, and other relevant variables. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 21; IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY) was used for the analysis, and a two-sided p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Three hundred and eight diabetic patients satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled as study participants and completed the study. The mean age of the total study subjects was 60.82 ± 9.23 years. There were 161 (52.3%) male and 147 (47.7%) female participants, and about half (153/308, 49.7%) of the participants belonged to the age group 40-60 years. There was a statistically significant association (p = 0.01) between NT-proBNP and glycated hemoglobin. Statistically highly significant (p < 0.001) associations were found between NT-proBNP with duration of T2DM and EF. There was a strong negative correlation (correlation coefficient = -0.743) between EF and NT-proBNP, and this correlation was statistically highly significant with a p-value < 0.001. Conclusion Elevated NT-proBNP levels and impaired EF were found in a significant proportion of these patients, indicating an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. This study highlights a significant association between NT-proBNP and EF in patients with T2DM in those without overt heart failure symptoms. Furthermore, longer T2DM duration and higher HbA1c levels were found to be associated with elevated NT-proBNP levels, while longer T2DM duration and elevated NT-proBNP were linked to lower EF. These findings have important clinical implications, as they suggest that monitoring NT-proBNP levels in patients with T2DM without clinical features of overt heart failure may help identify those at risk for decreased EF and potentially prevent heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aradhana Singh
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Imran Ahmed Khan
- Community Medicine, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Subhash C Yadav
- Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tiwari HC, Mishra R, Singh Y, Khan IA, Srivastava DK. A Study on the Attitude and Perception of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) Students Regarding Post-MBBS Compulsory Service Bond in Uttar Pradesh, India. Cureus 2023; 15:e44682. [PMID: 37809137 PMCID: PMC10550849 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To increase the availability of doctors in the public healthcare delivery system, the state government of Uttar Pradesh, India, has implemented a two-year compulsory service bond since 2018. Students of the 2018 batch are going to complete their Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) in 2023 and are supposed to serve through this bond. There are many dilemmas in the minds of medical students regarding their compulsory service bond. Hence, there is a need to know their attitude and perceptions regarding the compulsory service bond. This study was conducted to assess the attitude and perception of undergraduate medical students toward compulsory service bonds. Methods This was a mixed-method study conducted in July-September 2022 among undergraduate medical students at Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. For quantitative data, a structured questionnaire was developed using Google Forms (Google LLC, Mountain View, California, United States) and circulated via WhatsApp (Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States) through the random sampling method. Focused group discussions were carried out to collect the qualitative data. Result Regarding the compulsory service bond after MBBS, 100 (31.8%) medical students were found to be interested and 56 (17.8%) were disinterested. The majority (n=158; 50.4%) of participants were neutral, while 278 (88.6%) medical students perceived it as an opportunity to help poor people. Higher possibilities of social recognition and respect were some noticeable perceptions of 243 (77.4%) MBBS students. Lack of confidence to tackle serious cases without a senior doctor's supervision was perceived as an important hurdle by 286 (91%) participants. Non-availability of advanced medical facilities, issues like the safety of doctors, and the lack of availability of electricity, roads, and infrastructure were also perceived as hurdles. Conclusions and recommendations Students perceived the compulsory service bond as an opportunity if met with certain conditions like a transparent method of posting and basic facilities or an incentive for accommodation and transportation. The compulsory service bond for addressing the shortfall of doctors in the public healthcare delivery system may be more effective if these hurdles are corrected and certain opportunities are met, as mentioned in the present study. This will help the government move smoothly towards achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richa Mishra
- Community Medicine, Mahamaya Rajkiya Allopathic Medical College, Ambedkar Nagar, IND
| | - Yogendra Singh
- Anatomy, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Imran Ahmed Khan
- Community Medicine, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gupta S, Singh AK, Sharma B, Khan IA. Clinical Manifestations and Disability After Acute Encephalitis Syndrome Among Pediatric Patients in Eastern Uttar Pradesh: A Retrospective Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e43777. [PMID: 37731427 PMCID: PMC10507368 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in pediatric patients can lead to a range of disabilities, affecting various aspects of their daily lives. The disease is caused by a diverse group of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoans. While significant progress has been made in combating the acute phase of the disease, the lingering effects on the physical, cognitive, and emotional well-being of survivors have yet to be comprehensively explored. The present retrospective study was conducted to investigate disabilities including neurological squeals and functional impairment challenges faced by AES survivors as they navigate life with disabilities. Methods We conducted a comprehensive retrospective analysis of medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with AES and evaluated their follow-up visits at regular intervals during the study period. The Liverpool scoring system and clinical examinations were utilized to assess the presence and severity of disabilities in the patients. Results A total of 134 pediatric AES patients were included in the study; among them, 56% were males, and 44% were females. The mean age of the participants was 4.8 ± 3.1 years, and the mean number of days of hospitalization was 27.8 ± 30.8. Only 9.7% of the patients were found to be Japanese encephalitis (JE)-positive, and 87.5% of the participants were found to have disabilities in some or the other domain of the Liverpool Outcome Score (LOS). There were statistically significant correlations between the age of the patients and the LOS at follow-up. Post-recovery disabilities were more severe among patients who required a prolonged duration of hospitalization. Conclusion A considerable proportion of AES survivors are left with disabilities. Causes other than Japanese encephalitis are now more frequent in AES. The need for prolonged hospitalization is related to more severe disabilities. The early identification of disabilities through the Liverpool scoring system and clinical examination can aid in implementing appropriate intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gupta
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
| | | | | | - Imran Ahmed Khan
- Community and Family Medicine, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khan IA, Singh SK, MD. Abu Bashar. Shiv-mix for perioperative hemodynamic stability and analgesia: A new paradigm for limited resource centres. Asian J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v14i3.51594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dear editor,
A very interesting article has been published in your esteemed journal titled “Effect of pre-emptive intravenous paracetamol, magnesium sulfate, and lignocaine on hemodynamic variables during perioperative period in pre-eclampsia patients scheduled for lower segment cesarean section under general anesthesia: A prospective randomized study” by Kothari et al., (December 2022|Vol 13|Issue 12). Research is not complete unless it reaches to its potential audience. We, firstly, would like to congratulate the authors and the journal for publishing their research on such a very important topic. Authors have described their findings in a clear and scientific manner. Randomized and double-blinded studies provide inferences which are considered more authentic. Authors in this study used envelop method for allocating patient in the two groups; the intervention and the control. Findings of this study will definitely help readers and practitioners in providing safe and stable anesthesia to their patients. In this prospective randomized study, authors concluded that combination of paracetamol, magnesium sulfate, and lignocaine is effective in attenuating hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. They also found better hemodynamic stability during intraoperative and post-operative period in pre-eclampsia patients scheduled for lower segment cesarean section under general anesthesia. Finally, they opined that when paracetamol, magnesium sulfate, and lignocaine are given together effective and prolonged post-operative analgesia can be obtained.
Authors discussed efficacy and safety of various medications (Lignocaine, fentanyl, esmolol, and magnesium sulfate) comparing with placebo and different combinations used to attenuate laryngoscopy and intubation response. However, in last paragraph of introduction and in discussion, authors wrote that they could not find any single study using all three drugs (intravenous paracetamol, magnesium sulfate, and lignocaine) simultaneously for attenuation of hemodynamic changes during laryngoscopy and intubation.
We would like to draw your kind attention published work that have utilized the same combination with similar effects and this study support the conclusions of those studies. We do agree that these were nor RCTs but case series. Two related articles are discussed here. Khan and Singh in their narrative review described efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction of various combinations of paracetamol, tramadol, magnesium sulfate, and lignocaine (Shiv-mix 1, 2, and 3). Authors found the described opioid free anesthesia (OFA) regimen (Shiv-mix) very effective in attenuating laryngoscopic and intubation response. In their case series, they also found stable intraoperative hemodynamics and absence of some commonly seen post-operative complications such as PONV and shivering. In another case series by Ansari et al., using similar OFA describing ten cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the authors found that OFA using Shiv-Mix (A combination of paracetamol, tramadol, magnesium sulfate, and lignocaine) infusion preoperatively was a safe, opioid‑sparing, and feasible option that provide good perioperative analgesia, stable hemodynamics, and an uneventful recovery profile.
We again support the findings of the study by Kothari et al. We hope that this discussion will help researchers and practitioners to provide effective and safe perioperative course of their patients and opening new horizons for multimodal analgesia.
Collapse
|
10
|
Khan IA, Bashar A, Tewari H. Attitude, perceptions and willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine and its associated factors among general population of Uttar Pradesh, Northern India. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 2022:101040. [PMID: 35434422 PMCID: PMC8990671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
11
|
Asghar I, Khan IA, Hassan F. Effect of head covering on phototherapy induced hypocalcemia in term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia: A randomised controlled study. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2021; 14:245-251. [PMID: 33074196 DOI: 10.3233/npm-200442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phototherapy is the primary treatment for hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. Hypocalcemia is a lesser known but potential detrimental effect of phototherapy. It has been hypothesized that phototherapy inhibits pineal secretion of melatonin, which blocks the effect of cortisol on bone calcium. Therefore, unchecked cortisol increases bone uptake of calcium and induces hypocalcemia. Covering head during phototherapy in order to prevent light reaching to the pineal gland which eventually leads to the prevention of hypocalcemia is hypothesized to prevent hypocalcemia but it lacks sufficient evidence worldwide. METHOD It is a prospective, randomized controlled study. 112 neonates were randomized into two groups of 56 neonates. Group A underwent phototherapy without head cover and group B with head covered by a cap. RESULT The mean decline in serum ionic calcium after 48 hours of phototherapy in group A and group B was 0.57±0.37 mg/dl and 0.34±0.24 mg/dl respectively. This decline in serum ionic calcium was significantly higher in group A. (p < 0.001). 26.8% newborns from group A developed hypocalcemia while in group B only 14.3% developed hypocalcemia however it was not found to be statistically significant. Incidence of symptomatic hypocalcemia between the two groups was also not significant. CONCLUSION There was significant reduction in serum calcium in neonates undergoing phototherapy without head cover as compared to neonates with head cover but risk of hypocalcemia was not significant. Further studies with larger sample size including preterm are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Asghar
- Department of Pediatrics, Bokaro General Hospital, Bokaro Steel City, Jharkhand, India
| | - I A Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, A.M.U., Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - F Hassan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, A.M.U., Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Khan IA, Arsalan MH, Mehdi MR, Kazmi JH, Seong JC, Han D. Assessment of asthma-prone environment in Karachi, Pakistan using GIS modeling. J PAK MED ASSOC 2021; 70:636-649. [PMID: 32296208 DOI: 10.5455/jpma.11828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association among number of factors influenced by asthma using geographic information system. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted in Landhi and Korangi towns of Karachi from 2011 to 2013, and comprised ecological mapping and multi-criteria evaluation techniques to discover the relationship of local environmental settings with asthma. Additionally, exacerbating environment and the root causes within the local settings were assessed. Data was gathered using an extended version of the questionnaire developed by the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. Data was analysed by using ArcGIS 10. RESULTS The findings are very alarming as almost 40% (468,930 estimated pop 1998 census) of the study population lived in high asthma-prone environment, having a very high risk of respiratory disorders, including asthma. CONCLUSIONS The integrated environmental effect in the form of respiratory disorders was appraised, focusing on asthma by using multi-criteria analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ahmed Khan
- Department of Geography, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | - Daikwon Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Samad HA, Konyak YY, Latheef SK, Kumar A, Khan IA, Verma V, Chouhan VS, Verma MR, Maurya VP, Kumar P, Sarkar M, Singh G. Alpha lipoic acid supplementation ameliorates the wrath of simulated tropical heat and humidity stress in male Murrah buffaloes. Int J Biometeorol 2019; 63:1331-1346. [PMID: 31280374 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01750-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A supplement which ameliorates temperature-humidity menace in food producing livestock is a prerequisite to develop climate smart agricultural packages. A study was conducted to investigate the heat stress ameliorative efficacy of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) in male Murrah water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Eighteen animals (293.61 ± 4.66Kg Bwt) were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 6); NHSC (non-heat-stressed control), HS (heat-stressed) and HSLA (heat-stressed-supplemented with ALA@32 mg/kg Bwt orally) based on the temperature humidity index (THI) and ALA supplementation. HS and HSLA were exposed to simulated heat challenge in a climatically controlled chamber (40 °C) for 21 consecutive days, 6 h daily. Physiological responses viz. Respiration rate (RR), Pulse rate (PR) and Rectal temperature (RT) were recorded daily before and after heat exposure. Blood samples were collected at the end of heat exposure on days 1, 6, 11, 16, and 21 and on day 28 (7th day post exposure which is considered as recovery) for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) separation, followed by RNA and Protein extraction for Real time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis respectively, of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Two-way repeated measure ANOVA was performed between groups at different experimental periods. RR (post exposure) in HS and HSLA was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than NHSC from day 1 onwards but HSLA varied significantly from the HS 8th day onwards. Post exposure RT and PR in both HS and HSLA varied (P < 0.05) from NHSC throughout the study; but between HS and HSLA, RT significantly varied on initial 2 days and last 6 days (from days 16 to 21). HSP70 mRNA expression significantly up regulated in high THI groups with respect to the low THI group throughout the experimental period. During chronic stress (days 16 and 21) HSP70 significantly (P < 0.05) increased in HS but not in HSLA (P > 0.05) with respect to NHSC. ALA supplementation up-regulates and sustains (P < 0.05) the expression of HSP90 in HSLA in comparison to the HS and NHSC. HSP105 expression was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) in HS on days 16 and 21 (during long-term exposure) but only on day 21 (P < 0.05) in HSLA. HSP70, HSP90, and HSP105 protein expression dynamics were akin to the mRNA transcript data between the study groups. In conclusion, supplementing ALA ameliorates the deleterious effect of heat stress as reflected by improved physiological and cellular responses. ALA supplementation improved cellular antioxidant status and sustained otherwise easily decaying heat shock responses which concertedly hasten the baton change from a limited window of thermo tolerance to long run acclimatization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H A Samad
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Y Y Konyak
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S K Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Kumar
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - I A Khan
- Dolphin PG Institue of Biomedical & Natural Science, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - V Verma
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V S Chouhan
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M R Verma
- Division of Livestock economics and statistics, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V P Maurya
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Sarkar
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G Singh
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-IndianVeterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lata H, Uchendu E, Chandra S, Majumdar CG, Khan IA, ElSohly MA. Cryopreservation of Axillary Buds of Cannabis sativa L. by V-Cryoplate Droplet-Vitrification: The Critical Role of Sucrose Preculture. Cryo Letters 2019; 40:291-298. [PMID: 33966067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryopreservation is the only method allowing the safe and cost-effective long-term conservation of important germplasm. Recent use of the cryo-plate system has proven beneficial in further simplifying the cryopreservation protocols. OBJECTIVE Developing an efficient protocol for the cryopreservation of axillary buds of Cannabis sativa elite cultivars (MX and V1-20) by the V-cryoplate droplet-vitrification technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stem segments (~5 cm in length) with mature axillary buds collected from indoor-grown plants were surface sterilized and then either precultured on MS basal medium with 0.1 M sucrose (1st step preculture) for 72 h or non-precultured. All mature axillary buds (~1 mm) were aseptically excised from stem segments and precultured for an additional 48 h on MS basal medium with sucrose (0.3 M) and 5% DMSO prior to cryopreservation (2nd step preculture). Biomass samples of fully mature mother plants and regrown cryopreserved plants were analyzed for Δ9-THC and CBD content using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC/FID). RESULTS The survival and regrowth rates of cryopreserved axillary buds of cultivar MX following this two-step preculture were 45% and 42% respectively, while those of cultivar V1-20 were 47% and 44% respectively. A direct preculture of axillary buds (2nd step preculture) on high sucrose (0.3M sucrose) significantly decreased both the survival and regrowth levels of axillary buds of cultivar MX (5% and 3% respectively) as well as those of cultivar V1-20 (20% and 17% respectively). Δ9-THC and CBD content of mother plants and regrown cryopreserved plants were found to be highly comparable to each other. CONCLUSION The resulting plants after cryopreservation appeared normal without any callus formation or morphogenetic variation. On maturity, mother plants and re-grown cryopreserved plants were comparable in terms of Δ9-THC and CBD content. This report provides an efficient protocol for cryopreservation of axillary buds of Cannabis sativa cultivars which may be applicable to other important cultivars, plant parts and other related medicinal plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Lata
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA.
| | - E Uchendu
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA; Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - S Chandra
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA
| | - C G Majumdar
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA
| | - I A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mahmoud A ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research; Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Begum J, Mir NA, Dev K, Khan IA. Dynamics of antibiotic resistance with special reference to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1228-1237. [PMID: 29957827 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics was paralleled by the evolution of antibiotic resistance which is probably the best example of contemporary evolution in action. The selection pressure, imposed by indiscriminate use of antibiotics, has changed the scale, mode and tempo of antibiotic resistance evolution. The presence of multidrug resistance, wide range of adaptability features and the infectivity make antibiotic resistance of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) more dangerous. The characterization, prevalence and the virulence factors of STEC have been profusely reported, whereas, the antibiotic resistance has been largely ignored because the antibiotic use in STEC infections is controversial. Thus, the current review has focussed on the source, evolution, persistence, mechanism, dissemination and control of antibiotic resistance viz-a-viz the STEC infections. The resistance development occurs by the inactivation of antibiotics, regulating the membrane permeability, modification of natural antibiotic targets or the use of efflux pumps against antibiotics. And, the dissemination of resistance genes occurs vertically by DNA replication and horizontally by conjugation, transduction and transformation. The prevention of development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance needs international public health bodies to rationalize the antibiotic use, prevent the flux of antibiotics into the environment, develop the rapid diagnostics tests, undertake proper surveillance of antibiotic resistance, promote the research on antibiotic resistance prevention, promote the research and development of novel alternative antibiotics, and encourage the widespread social awareness campaigns against the inappropriate antibiotic usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Begum
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, GBPUAT, Panthnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - N A Mir
- ICAR- Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Dev
- ICAR- Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - I A Khan
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gafner S, Parveen I, Techen N, Khan IA, Gafner F, Rey C, Frommenwiler D, Reich E. Challenges in Determining Species Identity of Medicinal Plants: the Case of Euphrasia. Am J Transl Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1644956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Gafner
- American Botanical Council, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - I Parveen
- NCNPR, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - N Techen
- NCNPR, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - IA Khan
- NCNPR, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - F Gafner
- Sandgrubenweg, Biel-Benken, Switzerland
| | - C Rey
- Route d'Antzère 2, Conthey, Switzerland
| | | | - E Reich
- Camag AG, Muttenz, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Javaid A, Awan FS, Azhar FM, Khan IA. Assessment of allelic diversity among drought-resistant cotton genotypes using microsatellite markers. Genet Mol Res 2017; 16:gmr-16-02-gmr.16029664. [PMID: 28549206 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16029664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Drought, in conjunction with high temperature, is an important environmental constraint to cotton production. Development of cotton varieties with increased tolerance against adverse environmental conditions has been proposed as effective strategy for ensuring reliable yields. In the present study, 30 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were used to estimate genetic divergence among 22 cotton genotypes for drought stress tolerance. Genetic diversity is a prerequisite for developing drought resistant cotton genotypes. Eleven SSR primers out of 30 were able to discriminate among the cotton genotypes, implying that 37% of the primers were informative. In total, 41 alleles were detected, with an average of 3.72 alleles per primer. The number of alleles per locus ranged from one (JESPR-284) to six (JESSPR-302), and the allelic diversity in the experimental material was 0.40. Genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.87-1.00. The result of principal component analysis confirmed the clustering of 21 cotton genotypes in two groups leaving one genotype (CIM-109) ungrouped. Overall, genetic diversity among the 22 cotton genotypes was low. More polymorphic SSR markers are needed to explore the workable genetic variation among the screened cotton genotypes in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Javaid
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, , , Pakistan
| | - F S Awan
- Centre for Agriculture Biochemistry & Biotechnology, , , Pakistan
| | - F M Azhar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, , , Pakistan
| | - I A Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, , , Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bothun GD, Ganji N, Khan IA, Xi A, Bobba C. Anionic and Cationic Silver Nanoparticle Binding Restructures Net-Anionic PC/PG Monolayers with Saturated or Unsaturated Lipids. Langmuir 2017; 33:353-360. [PMID: 27966970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the interactions between polymer-coated anionic (Ag-COOH) and cationic (Ag-NH) silver nanoparticles, and net-anionic lipid monolayers using dynamic surface pressure measurements. Monolayers composed of saturated or monounsaturated mixtures of anionic phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipids (3:1 molar ratio) were used to determine how lipid packing and monolayer phase state influence the extent of nanoparticle binding and the monolayer response. Anionic Ag-COOH inserted into saturated dipalmitoyl-PC/PG (DPPC/DPPG) and dioleoyl-PC/PG (DOPC/DOPG) monolayers at a low initial surface pressure (10 mN m-1) and caused lipid condensation at high initial surface pressures (20 and 30 mN m-1). Hydrophobic interactions were responsible for insertion, while electrostatic and charge-dipole interactions with PCs were responsible for condensation. In contrast, cationic Ag-NH inserted only into saturated DPPC/DPPG monolayers and otherwise led to lipid condensation. For Ag-NH, adsorption was driven primarily by electrostatic interactions with PGs. Analysis of the subphase Ag and phosphorus concentrations confirmed that Ag-NH had a higher degree binding compared to Ag-COOH, and that the monolayer response was not due to lipid extraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G D Bothun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island , 16 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - N Ganji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island , 16 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - I A Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island , 16 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - A Xi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island , 16 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - C Bobba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island , 16 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abu-Darwish MS, Cabral C, Gonçalves MJ, Cavaleiro C, Cruz MT, Zulfiqar A, Khan IA, Efferth T, Salgueiro L. Chemical composition and biological activities of Artemisia judaica essential oil from southern desert of Jordan. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 191:161-168. [PMID: 27318275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIC RELEVANCE Artemisia judaica L. (Arabic name: Beithran), is a medicinal and aromatic plant growing in the valley bottoms of desert areas, particularly in the southern desert of Jordan nearest to the Jordan-Saudi Arabia borders and in Wadi Araba in the Southern Badia. In Jordan, A. judaica is widely used in traditional medicine being recommended by aboriginal Bedouins in the North Badia region of Jordan as calmative. Furthermore, it is used for the treatment of stomach ache, heart diseases, sexual weakness, diabetes, gastro-intestinal disorders and external wounding. Additionally, other folk medicines of the Arabic region commonly use this aromatic plant for the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases, for instance fungal infections, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer and arthritis. AIM OF THE STUDY Considering the traditional medicinal uses and the lack of scientific studies addressing the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind A. judaica claimed activities, the present study was designed to validate some of the traditional uses ascribed to this species, specifically the antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities of A. judaica essential oil at doses devoid of cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical analysis of A. judaica essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from aerial parts was carried out by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antifungal activity (minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal lethal concentrations) was evaluated against yeasts, dermatophyte and Aspergillus strains. In order to deeply explore the mechanisms behind the anti-fungal effect of the essential oil, the germ tube inhibition assay and the biofilms formation assay were evaluated using Candida albicans. The assessment of cell viability was accomplished using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in both hepatocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, the in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of A. judaica oil was evaluated by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophages. RESULTS Oxygen containing monoterpenes are a representative group of constituents (68.7%) with piperitone (30.4%), camphor (16.1%) and ethyl cinnamate (11.0%) as main compounds. The highest antifungal activity of the oil was observed against Cryptococcus neoformans, with a MIC value of 0.16µL/mL. The oil revealed an important inhibitory effect on germ tube formation in C. albicans with 80% inhibition of filamentation at a concentration of 0.16µL/mL. Importantly, the oil also interfered with pre-formed biofilms by reducing the amount of the attached biomass. Furthermore, the essential oil significantly inhibited NO production evoked by LPS on macrophages at concentrations with very low toxicity (0.32µL/mL) or without toxicity (0.16µL/mL) to both macrophages and hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed that A. judaica essential oil from Jordan significantly inhibited germ tube formation and disrupted preformed biofilms of C. albicans, emphasizing the therapeutic potential for the treatment of disseminated candidiasis. Additionally, safe concentrations of this essential oil significantly inhibited NO production elicited by LPS in macrophages, highlighting its potential anti-inflammatory activity. Overall, A. judaica bears promising therapeutic potential for further drug development. Importantly, this work also validates some of the traditional uses of A. judaica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Abu-Darwish
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, Shouback University College/Maan College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - C Cabral
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular e Faculdade de Farmácia, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M J Gonçalves
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular e Faculdade de Farmácia, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Cavaleiro
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular e Faculdade de Farmácia, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M T Cruz
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular e Faculdade de Farmácia, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ali Zulfiqar
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - I A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - T Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Salgueiro
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular e Faculdade de Farmácia, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Khan IA, Yoo BH, Masson O, Baron S, Corkery D, Dellaire G, Attardi LD, Rosen KV. ErbB2-dependent downregulation of a pro-apoptotic protein Perp is required for oncogenic transformation of breast epithelial cells. Oncogene 2016; 35:5759-5769. [PMID: 27109096 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability of breast cancer cells to resist anoikis, apoptosis caused by detachment of the non-malignant epithelial cells from the extracellular matrix (ECM), is thought to be critical for breast tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. ErbB2, an oncoprotein that is often overproduced in breast tumors, can block breast cancer cell anoikis via mechanisms that are understood only in part. In an effort to understand them better we found that detachment of the non-malignant human breast epithelial cells from the ECM upregulates a protein Perp in these cells. Perp is a component of the desmosomes, multiprotein complexes involved in cell-to-cell adhesion. Perp can cause apoptosis via unknown mechanisms. We demonstrated that Perp upregulation by cell detachment is driven by detachment-induced loss of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We also found that Perp knockdown by RNA interference (RNAi) rescues detached cells from death which indicates that Perp contributes to their anoikis. We observed that ErbB2, when overexpressed in detached breast epithelial cells, causes Perp downregulation. Furthermore, ErbB2-directed RNAi or treatment with lapatinib, an ErbB2/EGFR small-molecule inhibitor used for breast cancer therapy, upregulated Perp in ErbB2-positive human breast and ovarian carcinoma cells. We established that ErbB2 downregulates Perp by activating an ErbB2 effector protein kinase Mek that blocks detachment-induced EGFR loss in a manner that requires the presence of a signaling protein Sprouty-2. Finally, we observed that restoration of the wild-type Perp levels in ErbB2-overproducing breast epithelial cells increases their anoikis susceptibility and blocks their clonogenicity in the absence of adhesion to the ECM. In summary, we have identified a novel mechanism of ErbB2-mediated mechanism of anoikis resistance of ErbB2-overproducing breast epithelial cells. This mechanism allows such cells to grow without adhesion to the ECM and is driven by ErbB2-induced activation of Mek, subsequent EGFR upregulation and further EGFR-dependent Perp loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - B H Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - O Masson
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - S Baron
- Department of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - D Corkery
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - G Dellaire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - L D Attardi
- Department of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - K V Rosen
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Avonto C, Wang YH, Avula B, Wang M, Rua D, Khan IA. Comparative studies on the chemical and enzymatic stability of alpha- and beta-arbutin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 38:187-93. [PMID: 26352830 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to establish a comparative analysis of the chemical and enzymatic stability of α- and β-arbutins as potential sources of the substance of concern hydroquinone (HQ). The study was performed using an array of techniques including HPLC-PDA, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and optical rotation (OR). Both arbutins are emerging as popular and effective skin whiteners, acting as tyrosinase inhibitors in a fashion similar to the popular whitening agent HQ. Due to their structural similarity to the regulated agent HQ, both arbutins may be regarded as potential sources of the active aglycone after chemical or metabolic conversion. METHODS Various cosmetic formulations including creams, sera, gels and lotions were analysed by HPLC-PDA for their arbutin and HQ content in freshly opened and aged samples stored for 16 months. Solutions of pure compounds were also aged and periodically checked for degradation products using 1D and 2D NMR experiments and OR measurements. The metabolic stability was investigated using pear peels as a biological model. RESULTS Both arbutins were found to be stable in water and methanol solutions in the absence of buffer or stabilizers. Their stability in cosmetic formulations, however, was found to depend on the type of formulation and pH. Both compounds were unstable under strong hydrolytic conditions, with consequent release of HQ. Enzymatic instability of both arbutins was also observed, although no formation of HQ was observed under the chosen experimental conditions. CONCLUSION Both arbutins were found to possess similar stability profiles, and to be more prone to in vivo rather than in chemico degradation, although no HQ was found after enzymatic hydrolysis. Also, no epimerization was observed in any of the tested conditions. Diverse experimental approaches can be applied to analyse the chemical and enzymatic stability of arbutins in regard to the potential release of HQ in different types of preparations. These result showed the potential use of NMR and OR as complementary investigative tools for the stability and safety assessment of arbutin along with more established HPLC methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Avonto
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Y-H Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - B Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - M Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - D Rua
- The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - I A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.,Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.,Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Saleh IG, Ali Z, Hammad MA, Wilson FD, Hamada FM, Abd-Ellah MF, Walker LA, Khan IA, Ashfaq MK. Stem cell intervention ameliorates epigallocatechin-3-gallate/lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34:1180-94. [PMID: 25701483 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115572707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are identified as a novel cell therapy for regenerative medicine because of their ability to differentiate into many functional cell types. We have shown earlier a new model of hepatotoxicity in mice by administering (1500 mg/kg) epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) intragastric (IG) for 5 days after a single intraperitoneal dose (6 mg/kg) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we aimed to study the effect of intrahepatic (IH) injection of mouse embryonic stem cells (MESCs) on the hepatotoxicity induced by EGCG/LPS in mice. Mice were administered EGCG/LPS and rested for 3 days. MESCs were obtained from American Type Culture Collection and cultured in vitro for 4 days. Stem cells were injected IH. Seven days later, a single dose of LPS (6 mg/kg) followed by daily doses of IG administration of EGCG were re-administered for 5 days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for analysis of biochemical parameters associated with liver. Results showed that the group of mice that were administered MESCs prior to EGCG/LPS showed lower levels of alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin, higher albumin/globulin ratio, and less remarkable histopathological lesions. Also, that group of mice showed less expression of oxidative stress biomarkers (oxidized low-density lipoprotein Ox.LDL and chemokine CXCL16), less expression of nuclear protein receptors (retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor), and less expression of inflammatory biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor α and transforming growth factor β1) compared with other groups of mice that were not given MESCs. In conclusion, MESCs can ameliorate EGCG/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I G Saleh
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Z Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - M A Hammad
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - F D Wilson
- Mississippi Veterinary Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Pearl, MS, USA
| | - F M Hamada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M F Abd-Ellah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - L A Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - I A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M K Ashfaq
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yoo BH, Masson O, Li Y, Khan IA, Gowda PS, Rosen KV. Anoikis of colon carcinoma cells triggered by β-catenin loss can be enhanced by tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 antagonists. Oncogene 2014; 34:4939-51. [PMID: 25531320 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Detachment of non-malignant epithelial cells from the extracellular matrix causes their apoptosis, a phenomenon called anoikis. By contrast, carcinoma cells are anoikis-resistant, and this resistance is thought to be critical for tumor progression. Many oncogenes trigger not only anti- but also pr-apoptotic signals. The proapoptotic events represent an aspect of a phenomenon called oncogenic stress, which acts as a safeguard mechanism blocking tumor initiation. In cells that become malignant, oncogene-induced antiapoptotic signals outbalance the proapoptotic ones. It is now thought that treatments blocking the antiapoptotic events but preserving the proapoptotic signals can be particularly effective in killing tumor cells. Whether or not oncogenes induce any proanoikis signals that can be used for enhancing the efficiency of approaches aimed at triggering anoikis of cancer cells has never been explored. β-Catenin is a major oncoprotein that is often activated in colorectal cancer and promotes tumor progression via mechanisms that are understood only in part. We found here that β-catenin triggers both anti- and proanoikis signals in colon cancer cells. We observed that the antianoikis signals prevail and the cells become anoikis-resistant. We further established that one proanoikis signal in these cells is triggered by β-catenin-induced downregulation of an apoptosis inhibitor tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and subsequent reduction of the activity of a transcription factor NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), a mediator of TNFR1 signaling. We also found that the effect of β-catenin on TNFR1 requires the presence of transcription factor TCF1, a β-catenin effector. We demonstrated that ablation of β-catenin in colon cancer cells triggers their anoikis and that this anoikis is enhanced even further if low TNFR1 or NF-κB activity is artificially preserved in the β-catenin-deprived cells. Thus, inhibition of TNFR1 or NF-κB activity can be expected to enhance the efficiency of approaches aimed at blocking β-catenin-driven anoikis resistance of colon carcinoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B H Yoo
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Haifax, NS, Canada
| | - O Masson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Haifax, NS, Canada
| | - Y Li
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Haifax, NS, Canada
| | - I A Khan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Haifax, NS, Canada
| | - P S Gowda
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Haifax, NS, Canada
| | - K V Rosen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Haifax, NS, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
DNA barcoding is a promising tool for species identification at the molecular level. The barcoding system is well established for species differentiation in animals, while it is less common in plants. We evaluated 2 barcoding regions, maturase K (matK) and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL), to compare species of Palmae according to amplification success, discrimination power, and inter- and intra-specific divergence. Both regions appear to have potential to discriminate most species of Palmae, but 2 species, Phoenix dactylifera and Phoenix sylvestris, did not show variation in the nucleotides of the barcode genes. P. sylvestris is said to be the sister species of P. dactilyfera according to its morphological and genetic proximity to the cultivated date palm. Thus, the status of these 2 species needs to be re-evaluated considering more genes as barcodes. Furthermore, rbcL has a higher discrimination power (90%) than matK (66.6%) and can thus be potentially used as a standard barcode to discriminate the species of Palmae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Naeem
- Plant Genetic Resources Lab, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A A Khan
- Plant Genetic Resources Lab, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - H M N Cheema
- Plant Genetic Resources Lab, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - I A Khan
- Plant Genetic Resources Lab, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A Buerkert
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bashir KMI, Awan FS, Khan IA, Khan AI, Usman M. Identification and authentication of Rosa species through development of species-specific SCAR marker(s). Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:4130-9. [PMID: 24938705 DOI: 10.4238/2014.may.30.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Roses (Rosa indica) belong to one of the most crucial groups of plants in the floriculture industry. Rosa species have special fragrances of interest to the perfume and pharmaceutical industries. The genetic diversity of plants based on morphological characteristics is difficult to measure under natural conditions due to the influence of environmental factors, which is why a reliable fingerprinting method was developed to overcome this problem. The development of molecular markers will enable the identification of Rosa species. In the present study, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was done on four Rosa species, Rosa gruss-an-teplitz (Surkha), Rosa bourboniana, Rosa centifolia, and Rosa damascena. A polymorphic RAPD fragment of 391 bp was detected in R. bourboniana, which was cloned, purified, sequenced, and used to design a pair of species-specific sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers (forward and reverse). These SCAR primers were used to amplify the specific regions of the rose genome. These PCR amplifications with specific primers are less sensitive to reaction conditions, and due to their high reproducibility, these species-specific SCAR primers can be used for marker-assisted selection and identification of Rosa species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M I Bashir
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - F S Awan
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - I A Khan
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A I Khan
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Usman
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Haron MH, Avula B, Khan IA, Mathur SK, Dasmahapatra AK. Modulation of ethanol toxicity by Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) in Japanese ricefish (Oryzias latipes) embryogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 157:287-97. [PMID: 23402931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption by women during pregnancy often induces fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in children who have serious central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular, and craniofacial defects. Prevention of FASD, other than women abstaining from alcohol drinking during pregnancy, is not known. A limitation of the use of synthetic anti-alcoholic drugs during pregnancy led us to investigate herbal products. In particular, many plants including Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) have therapeutic potential for the treatment of alcoholism. We used Japanese ricefish (medaka) (Oryzias latipes), an animal model of FASD, for identifying herbal medicines that can attenuate ethanol toxicity. Fertilized eggs in standard laboratory conditions were exposed to ginseng (PG) root extract (0-2 mg/mL) either 0-2 (group A) or 1-3 (group B) day post fertilization (dpf) followed by maintenance in a clean hatching solution. The calculated IC50 as determined 10 dpf in A and B groups were 355.3±1.12 and 679.7±1.6 μg/mL, respectively. Simultaneous exposure of embryos in sub-lethal concentrations of PG (50-200 μg/mL) and ethanol (300 mM) for 48 h disrupted vessel circulation and enhanced mortality. However, PG (100 μg/mL) may partially protect trabecular cartilage (TC) deformities in the neurocranium in B group embryos induced by ethanol (300 mM). To understand the mechanism, embryonic ethanol concentration was measured at 2 dpf and adh5, adh8, aldh2, aldh9a, catalase, GST, and GR mRNAs were analyzed at 6 dpf. It was observed that although ethanol is able to reduce adh8 and GST mRNA contents, the simultaneous addition of PG was unable to alter ethanol level as well as mRNA contents in these embryos. Therefore, antagonistic effects of PG on ethanol toxicity are mediated by a mechanism which is different from those regulating ethanol metabolism and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Haron
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Saleh IG, Ali Z, Hamada FM, Abd-Ellah MF, Khan IA, Walker LA, Ashfaq MK. Consumption of EGCG can Become Hepatotoxic Under Inflammatory Condition. Planta Med 2013; 79. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1336537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
28
|
Ijaz S, Rana IA, Khan IA, Saleem M. Establishment of an in vitro regeneration system for genetic transformation of selected sugarcane genotypes. Genet Mol Res 2012; 11:512-30. [PMID: 22535387 DOI: 10.4238/2012.march.6.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A good culture system provides considerable quantities of highly regenerable target tissues. Embryogenic callus cultures are ideal for micro-projectile-mediated transformation, because regenerable cells are not very stable. Effective exploitation of genetic transformation requires good regeneration systems. We selected three sugarcane genotypes for the establishment and optimization of good in vitro regeneration systems, viz., S-2003-us-359, S-2006-sp-30, and S-2003-us-165. Three callus induction media were investigated. These media were composed of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium salt plus 1, 2, and 3 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Medium with 3 mg/L 2,4-D gave the greatest mass of embryogenic calli. The calli produced on the three callus induction media were transferred to 18 types of regeneration media (RM1-RM18). They varied with respect to plant growth regulators and sucrose levels but the basal medium was MS. Two levels of sucrose (30 and 40 g/L), three levels of 2,4-D (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 mg/L) and three levels of 6-benzylaminopurine (0, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L) were studied in the regeneration media. The effects of callus age on regeneration were evaluated by transferring the calli to regeneration media after 15, 21, 28, and 35 days of culture. The 21-day-old callus of the genotype S-2003-us-359 on RM3 yielded the largest number of plants and was selected as the best for transformation. Six RAPD DNA primers were used to check genetic stability; this medium did not affect the sugarcane genomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ijaz
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Riaz S, Sadia B, Awan FS, Khan IA, Sadaqat HA, Khan IA. Development of a species-specific sequence-characterized amplified region marker for roses. Genet Mol Res 2012; 11:440-7. [PMID: 22427036 DOI: 10.4238/2012.february.24.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
DNA fingerprints of four rose species, Rosa centifolia, R. Gruss-an-Teplitz, R. bourboniana, and R. damascena, were developed using RAPD-PCR. We identified a unique polymorphic band in R. centifolia. This 762-bp fragment was produced by the random primer GLI-2. The fragment was eluted and directly cloned in a TA cloning vector, pTZ57R/T. Digestion of the plasmid with EcoRI confirmed the cloning of GLI-2(762) in pTZ57R/T. A second enzyme, PstI, used in combination with EcoRI, gave complete digestion of the plasmid, and the 762-bp fragment was confirmed on the gel. Subsequently, the polymorphic amplicon was sequenced with an AB1 373 DNA sequencer system using the PRISM(TM) Ready Reaction DyeDeoxy(TM) Terminator Cycle Sequencing kit. After sequencing, specific primers (23 bp long) were designed based on the sequence of the flanking regions of the original RAPD fragment. These primers will effectively allow fingerprinting for the identification of R. centifolia species. In essence, we developed an SCAR marker to authenticate the identity of R. centifolia species and to distinguish it from its substitutes. Such techniques are required not only to complement conventional parameters in creating the passport data of commercial and medicinal products of rose, but also for routine quality control in commercial and government rosaries and rose nurseries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Riaz
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chava S, Mohan V, Shetty PJ, Manolla ML, Vaidya S, Khan IA, Waseem GL, Boddala P, Ahuja YR, Hasan Q. Immunohistochemical evaluation of p53, FHIT, and IGF2 gene expression in esophageal cancer. Dis Esophagus 2012; 25:81-7. [PMID: 21668571 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2011.01213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of tumor suppressor genes p53, fragile histidine triad gene (FHIT), and an oncogene insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) as prognostic markers in the etiology of esophageal cancer. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed in 39 archival tissue samples of different esophageal pathologies for the three genes. Abnormal p53 expression was maximum in all the cases of squamous cell carcinoma, while IGF2 expression was enhanced in squamous cell carcinoma (81%), adenocarcinoma (100%), and dysplasia of squamous epithelium (75%) samples when compared with normals (50%). To our surprise, 75% of normal tissues did not show FHIT expression, which was also not seen in 40% of dysplasias of squamous epithelium, 33.3% of adenocarcinoma, and 41% of squamous cell carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating IGF2 by IHC, as well as, correlating it with the expression of the two tumor suppressor genes, p53 and FHIT, in esophageal tissue. p53 expression was threefold higher than normal in dysplasias of squamous epithelium and adenocarcinoma, while it was eightfold higher in squamous cell carcinoma. IGF2 expression was low in normal and dysplasia tissue but was increased 1.97-fold in both types of malignancy. FHIT and p53 expression were well correlated in squamous cell carcinoma, supporting the observation that FHIT regulates and stabilizes p53. Altered/lowered FHIT levels may be a result of exposure to various exogenous agents; however, this could not be assessed in the present study as it was carried out on archival samples. A larger prospective study is warranted to establish the role of exogenous factors in FHIT expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Chava
- Department of Genetics, Mahavir Hospital and Research Centre, AC Guards, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chu D, Gao CS, De Barro P, Zhang YJ, Wan FH, Khan IA. Further insights into the strange role of bacterial endosymbionts in whitefly, Bemisia tabaci: comparison of secondary symbionts from biotypes B and Q in China. Bull Entomol Res 2011; 101:477-486. [PMID: 21329550 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485311000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The percentage infection of secondary symbionts (SS) (Wolbachia, Arsenophonus, Rickettsia, Hamiltonella, Fritschea and Cardinium) in the exotic Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) invaders, commonly known as biotypes B and Q from China, were determined by PCR. In total, 373 biotype B and 1830 biotype Q individuals were screened for the presence of SS. Biotype B was more abundant than biotype Q from 2005 to 2006, and biotype Q was more abundant from 2007 to 2009. Each of the SS, with the exception of Fritschea, was detected in both biotypes B and Q; Fritschea was found in none of the samples examined. For biotype B, the percentage infection of Hamiltonella was the highest (92.0%) followed by Rickettsia (70.2%). For biotype Q, the percentage infection of Hamiltonella was again the highest (73.3%). Arsenophonus was the least common of the SS observed in both biotypes B and Q. The percentage infection of Wolbachia, Rickettsia and Hamiltonella in biotype B was each significantly higher than in biotype Q, whereas the percentage infection of Cardinium in biotype B was significantly lower than in biotype Q. The percentage infection of SS in biotypes B and Q varied from year to year over the period 2005-2009. Furthermore, within biotype Q, two distinct subgroups were identified which differ from each other in terms of their SS complement. We discuss these results in the light of the potentially influential factors and roles of the SS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Chu
- High-tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Crop Animal and Poultry of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xu ZL, Ali Z, Yi JX, He XL, Zhang DY, Yu GH, Khan AA, Khan IA, Ma HX. Expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat-based molecular variance in two Salicornia (Amaranthaceae) populations. Genet Mol Res 2011; 10:1262-76. [PMID: 21732290 DOI: 10.4238/vol10-2gmr1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Salicornia spp is one of the most salt-tolerant vascular plants and is native to salt marshes and estuaries. We developed expressed sequence tag derived-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers for estimating genetic diversity and marker-assisted Salicornia breeding. Six polymorphic EST-SSRs of 40 detected 27 alleles, ranging from three to five alleles per locus. The average number of alleles per locus was 4.33 and 4.17, and the major allele frequency at locus DY529765 was high, being 0.859 and 0.857 in S. bigelovii and S. europea, respectively. Gene diversity, heterozygosity and polymorphism information content were highest at locus DY529950 and similar in these two species. Gene diversity increased with increase in the number of alleles that had a low major allele frequency at a locus. Six polymorphic loci effectively discriminated 46 taxa into three clusters via different analyses. Significant deviation of F(ST) from zero in three suggested populations for six loci indicated population differentiation and limited gene flow among them. A reduced median network established that taxon SB65 is primitive. SMART (simple modular architecture research tool) analysis of peptide sequences of six EST-SSRs showed that loci DY529765, DY529950 and EC906203 contained transmembrane, TLC, AgrB and NTR domains and might be involved in salinity stress tolerance. These EST-SSRs are a valuable resource for marker development and may be useful in marker-assisted Salicornia breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z L Xu
- Institute of Agro-Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rana RM, Khan SH, Ali Z, Khan AI, Khan IA. Elucidation of thermotolerance diversity in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) using physio-molecular approaches. Genet Mol Res 2011; 10:1156-67. [PMID: 21710467 DOI: 10.4238/vol10-2gmr1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is an important cash crop, but high temperature during its growing season is one of the major factors that limit its productivity. This problem compels plant breeders to breed for heat tolerance, which can help to overcome this challenge. It is very important to make a comprehensive screening of heat-tolerant genotypes so that only the best are chosen. Here we report the combined use of several techniques that can help breeders to screen their germplasm. Twelve cultivated cotton genotypes were evaluated for thermotolerance, using assays that included electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll accumulation and protein profiling, as well as RAPDs to assess genetic diversity. Two genotypes (B-557 and NIAB-78) showed tolerant behavior in three thermotolerance assays. RAPD analysis results showed maximum similarity in a range of 86.7-66.7% between the genotypes MNH-554 and CIM-443. We conclude that combined use should be made of relative electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll stability and differential display with SDS-PAGE to aid in screening for stress tolerance. RAPD-based diversity analysis will further help to improve the efficiency of breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Rana
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jonnalagadda PR, Jahan P, Venkatasubramanian S, Khan IA, Prasad AYE, Reddy KA, Rao MV, Venkaiah K, Hasan Q. Genotoxicity in agricultural farmers from Guntur district of South India—A case study. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011; 31:741-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327111408151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pesticides play an important role in controlling the pests on agricultural crops and thereby to increase the yield of agricultural produce. Farmers occupationally exposed to pesticides during spraying activities are more prone to genotoxicity than unexposed. Aim: To assess the genotoxicity in farmers, engaged in spraying complex mixture of pesticides in the cultivation of cotton crops. Material and methods: A total number of 152 male subjects were selected randomly from Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh (AP), South India. The demographic particulars viz., personal habits, duration of exposure to pesticides, types of pesticides used were collected from the study subjects using an interview schedule. Among them 76 subjects were farmers and the remaining individuals served as unexposed or controls. Blood samples from these subjects were collected for assessing the genetic damage by chromosomal aberrations (CAs) test and micronucleus test (MNT). Results: The results of the study indicated that CA was significantly higher with 2.8% in farmers who were exposed to pesticides when compared to unexposed (0.72%). However, there was a minor difference in MN with 0.13% and 0.12% between exposed and unexposed which was not statistically significant ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: A correlation between CA frequency and exposure to benzene hexachloride (BHC) pesticide residue was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P R Jonnalagadda
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, AP, India
| | - P Jahan
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, AP, India
| | - S Venkatasubramanian
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, AP, India
| | - I A Khan
- Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad, AP, India
| | - AYE Prasad
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, AP, India
| | - K A Reddy
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, AP, India
| | - M V Rao
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, AP, India
| | - K Venkaiah
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, AP, India
| | - Q Hasan
- Bhagvan Mahavir Medical Research Centre Hyderabad, AP, India
- Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad, AP, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Khan AI, Khan IA, Awan FS, Sadaqat HA, Bahadur S. Estimation of genetic distance based on RAPDs between 11 cotton accessions varying in heat tolerance. Genet Mol Res 2011; 10:96-101. [PMID: 21268777 DOI: 10.4238/vol10-1gmr835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The genetic distance of 11 cotton genotypes varying in heat tolerance was studied using RAPD markers. Fifty-three random decamer primers were used for the estimation of genetic distance. Among the 53 RAPD primers, which were custom synthesized by GeneLink Inc., UK, 32 were polymorphic and 21 were monomorphic. The 32 polymorphic primers produced 273 fragments, with a mean of 8.3 fragments per primer. The number of polymorphic bands produced in the 11 cotton accessions ranged from 1 to 31. Primer GLC-20 produced 31 polymorphic bands, while two primers, GLB-5 and GLC-12, produced one polymorphic band each. A range of 88.89 to 42.48% genetic similarity was observed among the 11 cotton accessions. The highest genetic similarity was observed between FH-945 and BH-160 (88.89%), whereas the lowest value was found between NIAB-801/2 and FH-945 (42.48%). Unique amplification profiles were produced by most of the cultivars; the differences were sufficient to distinguish them from other genotypes. This confirms the efficacy of RAPD markers for the identification of plant genotypes. An accumulative analysis of amplified products generated by RAPDs was sufficient to assess the genetic diversity among the genotypes. This information should be helpful for formulating breeding and genome mapping programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A I Khan
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 1997, legislations pertaining to safe blood transfusion (SBT) have evolved considerably in Pakistan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the SBT practices in the blood banks of Pakistan. METHODS Twenty-three blood banks were randomly selected from a list of registered 40 in Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan. To evaluate the SBT practices in the selected blood banks, a questionnaire and a checklist were administered during 2007-2008. RESULTS Of the 23 blood banks surveyed, 4 (17%) were affiliated with government or a semi-government institution; 16 (70%) blood banks had a healthy donor recruitment program and 2 (9%) of the blood banks agreed that they recruited remunerated (paid) blood donors. Donors were screened for HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and syphilis by all 23 blood banks, whereas malaria was screened by all blood banks but one. CONCLUSION SBT practices in Karachi have improved since 1995; an active role by the government in policy-making has proven effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kassi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kumar M, Sharma S, Ram AB, Khan IA. Efficient mycobacterial DNA extraction from clinical samples for early diagnosis of tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2010; 14:847-851. [PMID: 20550767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples requires the use of an extraction method that can efficiently lyse mycobacterial cells and recover small amounts of DNA. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of a benzyl-alcohol guanidine hydrochloride (DNA extraction) method (GuHClM) on blood samples. DESIGN GuHClM was evaluated in quantitatively spiked blood samples with M. tuberculosis. We assessed the insertion sequence (IS) 6110 region of M. tuberculosis to evaluate the efficacy of the method. The method was also applied on 102 clinical samples of suspected tuberculosis (TB) individuals and compared with smear microscopy of sputum specimens and the results of cultures. RESULTS This method reproducibly detected as low as 4-6 bacilli. Of 102 clinical samples, 84 were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative, while 18 were HIV-positive. Among the HIV-negative individuals, 58.3% were TB-positive using PCR, while respectively 47.6% and 45.2% were sputum- and culture-positive. Among the HIV-positive individuals, 55.6% were PCR-positive, whereas only 38.9% were sputum-positive and 50% were culture-positive. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the identification of mycobacteria by PCR using GuHClM is very sensitive and therefore may have wide utility in the diagnosis of TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kumar
- Clinical Microbiology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research), Jammu, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rahim R, Nahar K, Khan IA. Platelet count in 100 cases of pregnancy induced hypertension. Mymensingh Med J 2010; 19:5-9. [PMID: 20046164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders are most common medical complication of pregnancy and the major causes of maternal & perinatal disease and death worldwide. The aim of the study was to see the platelet count in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). It was a prospective study. The study was done on 100 cases of PIH patients in Gynae & Obstetrics department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH) during the period of January to July 2006. Among the 100 cases 60 were eclamptic, 34 were pre eclamptic (PE) and 06 were gestational hypertensive (GH) patients. All the necessary informations and data were collected by interviewing the patients or their attendants on a pre-designed data collection sheet. Blood sample were collected from the patients and required investigations were done. Most of the eclampsia cases were from below average socioeconomic status of family, and other two groups were from average socioeconomic status of family. Among eclamptic patients 76.60% were primigravida. In eclamptic group 93.33% did not get any antenatal care but 83.33% GH cases had regular antenatal care. Among the eclamptic group mean maternal age was 23.12 years. In our study 47.00% had low platelet count (<1,50,000/cmm). Among eclampsia group 60.00% had low platelet count (<1,50,000/cmm). In our study 12% cases developed postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) and among them 66.67% had low platelet count (<1,50,000/cmm). Although there is chance of development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and Liver Failure in patients with low platelet count, but in our study there is no such incidence. In our study mortality was 3% and all were in eclamptic group. Those patients had low platelet count 74.28% had low birth weight (LBW) babies. Platelet count is a very important investigation for antenatal mother having PIH, as it is directly related to maternal and perinatal outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Rahim
- Department of Gynae & Obs., Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Aslam M, Awan FS, Khan IA, Khan AI. Estimation of genetic distance between 10 maize accessions with varying response to different levels of soil moisture. Genet Mol Res 2009; 8:1459-65. [PMID: 20013660 DOI: 10.4238/vol8-4gmr606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ten maize accessions (NC-9, A50-2, M-14, B-42, NC-3, T-7, N-48-1, B-34, USSR, and WFTMS) were studied to estimate the genetic distance on molecular level by random amplified polymorphic DNA. These accessions were selected on the basis of their variable responses against different levels of moisture. Twenty-five primers were used to test genetic diversity, of which 14 were observed to be polymorphic. Ninety-three loci were amplified; among these, 77 showed polymorphism and the other 16 were monomorphic. Primers A-13 and C-02 gave the most polymorphic bands, while primers A-01 and C-06 gave the fewest polymorphic bands. The genetic similarities of the 10 maize accessions ranged from 82.8 to 54.8%. Accessions USSR and WFTMS showed greatest similarity, and accessions M-14 and B-42 were found more dissimilar than the other accessions. On the basis of cluster analysis, these 10 accessions were classified in two major groups, A and B, and than further divided into sub-groups. The cluster analysis showed that accessions in the same group as well as in the sub-groups were similar in their physical and morphological characters, since the characters are controlled genetically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Aslam
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Affiliation(s)
- N J Mehta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
We investigated the genetic diversity of 63 wheat genotypes, composed of 48 accessions and 15 varieties, using 56 polymorphic simple sequence repeat primers. One hundred and eighty-six loci were found, with a mean of 131.26 alleles per locus. Cluster analysis based on microsatellite allelic diversity discriminated the accessions and varieties into different clusters; genetic diversity was the highest between variety Kohistan-97 and accession number 011512, giving a genetic similarity value of 0.4198. Accession numbers 011484 and 011356 gave a genetic similarity value of 0.9589, indicating that these accessions were 95.89% similar. We found that microsatellite markers could characterize and discriminate all of the genotypes; more primers could be used for saturation of different regions in further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ijaz
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Guzman E, Khan IA, Rahmatullah SI, Verghese C, Yi KS, Niarchos AP, Ansari AW, Cohen RA. Resolution of ST-segment elevation after streptokinase therapy in anterior versus inferior wall myocardial infarction. Clin Cardiol 2009; 23:490-4. [PMID: 10894436 PMCID: PMC6655161 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960230706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resolution of ST-segment elevation is the best bedside predictor of myocardial reperfusion. HYPOTHESIS This study was conducted to examine the resolution of ST-segment elevation after streptokinase therapy in anterior versus inferior acute myocardial infarction (MI) and to corroborate it with echocardiographic and coronary angiographic data. METHODS The study population consisted of 70 patients, 35 each in the anterior and inferior MI groups. The electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded before, on completion of, and on Days 1 and 2 post streptokinase therapy. The resolution of ST segment determined from post-streptokinase ECGs was compared between the two groups and correlated with echocardiographic and coronary angiographic data. RESULTS On completion of and on Day 1 post streptokinase therapy, ST-segment resolution in both groups was not significantly different. On Day 2 post streptokinase therapy, resolution of the ST segment per lead was significantly lower in anterior than that in inferior MI (61 +/- 21% anterior vs. 77 +/- 21% inferior, p 0.003). The number of patients with akinesis of infarct-related ventricular wall was significantly higher (17 anterior vs. 7 inferior, p 0.02), and left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower in anterior MI (39 +/- 7% anterior vs. 48 +/- 8% inferior, p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in coronary angiographic data. One patient in each group demonstrated normal coronary arteries. CONCLUSIONS The resolution of ST-segment elevation on the completion of and on Day 1 post streptokinase therapy was comparable between anterior and inferior MI. The significantly less frequent resolution of ST-segment elevation in anterior MI on Day 2 post streptokinase could be due to more akinesis, larger infarct size, and worse systolic function rather than due to failure to open the infarct-related vessel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Guzman
- Division of Cardiology, Woodhull Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Nair VM, Tekin UN, Khan IA, Rahmatullah SI, Arora P, Mahankali BD, Sacchi TJ, Vasavada BC. Worsening of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction during exercise causes decreased exercise tolerance in hypertension. Clin Cardiol 2009; 23:660-4. [PMID: 11016015 PMCID: PMC6655048 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960230906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise tolerance is reduced in hypertension. Hypertension affects left ventricular (LV) diastolic filling by causing abnormal relaxation and decreasing compliance. HYPOTHESIS This study was designed to determine whether worsening of LV diastolic dysfunction during exercise causes decreased exercise tolerance in hypertension. METHODS Left ventricular diastolic filling parameters were examined at mitral valve by Doppler echocardiography at rest and at peak exercise in hypertensive patients and were compared with those of age- and gender-matched normotensive individuals. Treadmill exercise stress test was performed according to the Bruce protocol and the exercise time was recorded. RESULTS Exercise time was significantly shorter in the hypertensive group than that in the normotensive group (320 +/- 29 vs. 446 +/- 38 s, p 0.03). The hypertensive group demonstrated abnormal relaxation pattern of diastolic mitral inflow at rest, which became pseudonormal at peak exercise (E/A velocity ratio, rest 0.86 +/- 0.06 vs. exercise 1.19 +/- 0.09, p < 0.001). The diastolic mitral inflow pattern remained normal at peak exercise in the normotensive group. The deceleration time and the pressure half time of early mitral inflow at peak exercise were significantly shorter in the hypertensive group than those in the normotensive group (deceleration time, 182 +/- 20 vs. 238 +/- 22 ms, p 0.02: pressure half time, 54 +/- 5 vs. 70 +/- 12 ms, p 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that reduced exercise tolerance in hypertension is associated with worsening of diastolic dysfunction during exercise consistent with an increase in left atrial pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V M Nair
- Division of Cardiology, Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Iqbal MA, Sadaqat HA, Khan IA. Estimation of genetic diversity among sunflower genotypes through random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Genet Mol Res 2008; 7:1408-13. [PMID: 19224458 DOI: 10.4238/vol7-4gmr494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The genetic diversity among eight sunflower lines was determined through the estimation of the random amplified polymorphic DNA method. One hundred and fifty-six DNA fragments were generated by 20 random primers, for an average of about 7.8 bands per primer. Of these amplified DNA fragments, 104 were polymorphic among the eight sunflower lines. Nei and Li's similarity matrix gave values from 51.59 to 77.78%, which indicated a broad genetic base. The maximum similarity, 77.78%, was observed between R-SIN-82 and RN-46. The lowest similarity, 51.59%, was observed between the exotic lines CM-612 and HA-27. After knowing the knowledge of genetic diversity based on these random amplified polymorphic DNA markers, highly diverse lines can be used for further breeding programs to develop an ideal local hybrid of sunflower.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Iqbal
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Affiliation(s)
- J Dou
- Department of Pharmacognosy
| | | | | | - D K Goins
- National Center for the Development of Natural Products4, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Waltenberger B, Avula B, Ganzera M, Khan IA, Stuppner H, Khan SI. Transport of sennosides and sennidines from Cassia angustifolia and Cassia senna across Caco-2 monolayers--an in vitro model for intestinal absorption. Phytomedicine 2008; 15:373-7. [PMID: 17481875 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Laxative effects of Senna preparations are mainly mediated by rheinanthrone, a metabolite formed in the intestinal flora from dianthrones. Nevertheless, it was not clear whether dianthrones are bioavailable at all and contribute to the overall effects of this important medicinal plant. Using the Caco-2 human colonic cell line as an in vitro model of the human intestinal mucosal barrier, the bioavailability of dianthrones was studied in apical to basolateral (absorptive) and basolateral to apical (secretive) direction. Permeability coefficients (P(c)) and percent transport were calculated based on quantitations by HPLC. From the data obtained it was concluded that sennosides A and B, as well as their aglycones sennidine A and B are transported through the Caco-2 monolayers in a concentration-dependent manner and their transport was linear with time. The absorption in apical to basolateral direction was poor and P(c) values were comparable to mannitol. The transport was higher in the secretory direction, indicating a significant efflux (e.g. by efflux pumps) of the (poorly) absorbed compounds in the intestinal lumen again. Our findings support the general understanding that the laxative effects of Senna are explainable mainly by metabolites and not by the natively present dianthrones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Waltenberger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chappell MJ, Evans ND, Errington RJ, Khan IA, Campbell L, Ali R, Godfrey KR, Smith PJ. A coupled drug kinetics-cell cycle model to analyse the response of human cells to intervention by topotecan. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2008; 89:169-178. [PMID: 18082908 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A model describing the response of the growth of single human cells in the absence and presence of the anti-cancer agent topotecan (TPT) is presented. The model includes a novel coupling of both the kinetics of TPT and cell cycle responses to the agent. By linking the models in this way, rather than using separate (disjoint) approaches, it is possible to illustrate how the drug perturbs the cell cycle. The model is compared to experimental in vitro cell cycle response data (comprising single cell descriptors for molecular and behavioural events), showing good qualitative agreement for a range of TPT dose levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Chappell
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Avula B, Begum S, Ahmed S, Choudhary MI, Khan IA. Quantitative determination of vasicine and vasicinone in Adhatoda vasica by high performance capillary electrophoresis. Pharmazie 2008; 63:20-22. [PMID: 18271297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A new method of capillary electrophoresis was developed for the quantitative determination of vasicine and vasicinone from Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees. The electrophoretic separation was performed using a 47 cm x 50 microm ID (38.5 cm effective length) fused silica capillary. The samples were injected by pressure for 3 s at 50 mbar and the running voltage was 19 kV at the injector end of the capillary. The capillary temperature was maintained at 40 degrees C. The separation of the two alkaloids has been achieved within 11 min with good repeatability. The method was validated in terms of reproducibility, linearity, accuracy and applied for the quantitative determination of vasicine and vasicinone in A. vasica plant samples/extracts. Parameters affecting the resolution such as pH, temperature, organic modifier, buffer concentration and capillary dimensions were reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Iqbal A, Khan AS, Khan IA, Awan FS, Ahmad A, Khan AA. Study of genetic divergence among wheat genotypes through random amplified polymorphic DNA. Genet Mol Res 2007; 6:476-481. [PMID: 17985299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The degree of genetic divergence was estimated in seven wheat genotypes, six exotic genotypes and one local variety, through random amplified polymorphic DNA methodology. A total of 112 DNA fragments were generated by the 15 random primers, with an average of about 7.4 bands per primer. Among the 112, 50 fragments showed polymorphism among the seven wheat genotypes. Nei and Li's similarity matrix ranged from 86.2 to 93.0%, which indicated a narrow genetic base among the genotypes. The maximum similarity, 93.0%, was observed between 12WLRG/1-12 and WL-43. The local variety, Chenab-70, showed the lowest similarity with the exotic types. We conclude that random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis can be used for the characterization and grouping of wheat genotypes; these results will be helpful in our wheat breeding program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Iqbal
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Avula B, Dentali S, Khan IA. Simultaneous identification and quantification by liquid chromatography of benzethonium chloride, methyl paraben and triclosan in commercial products labeled as grapefruit seed extract. Pharmazie 2007; 62:593-6. [PMID: 17867553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A HPLC method has been developed which permits the quantification of methyl paraben, benzethonium chloride and triclosan in various samples of grapefruit seed extract (GSE). The best results were obtained with a Phenomenex Gemini C18 column using gradient mobile phase of water (0.1% acetic acid) and acetonitrile (0.1% acetic acid) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL per minute. The detection wavelength was 254 nm for methyl paraben, and 275 nm for benzethonium chloride and triclosan. The main synthetic antimicrobial agent identified in commercial GSE samples was benzethonium chloride in concentrations from 0.29-21.84%. Positive ion electrospray MS of a commercial GSE sample showed a molecular ion at m/z 412 [M+], which matched that of a standard of benzethonium chloride. Triclosan was detected in two samples at 0.009 and 1.13%concentrations; while methyl paraben was not detected in the samples analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, 38667 USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|