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Salvador GHM, Fernandes CAH, Borges RJ, Soares AM, Fontes MRM. Structural studies with crotoxin B from Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom suggest a heterodimeric assembly formed by two new isoforms. Biochimie 2024; 218:46-56. [PMID: 37659716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
In accidents involving Crotalus snakes, the crotoxin complex (CTX) plays lethal action due to its neurotoxic activity. On the other hand, CTX have potential biotechnological application due to its anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic and immunomodulatory properties. CTX is a heterodimer composed of Crotoxin A (CA or crotapotin), the acidic nontoxic and non-enzymatic component and; Crotoxin B (CB), a basic, toxic and catalytic PLA2. Currently, there are two classes of CTX isoforms, whose differences in their biological activities have been attributed to features presented in CB isoforms. Here, we present the crystal structure of CB isolated from the Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom. It amino acid sequence was assigned using the SEQUENCE SLIDER software, which revealed that the crystal structure is a heterodimer composed of two new CB isoforms (colCB-A and colCB-B). Bioinformatic and biophysical analyses showed that the toxin forms a tetrameric assembly in solution similar to CB from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, despite some differences observed at the dimeric interface. By the previously proposed classification, the colCB-B presents features of the class I isoforms while colCB-A cannot be classified into classes I and II based on its amino acid sequence. Due to similar features observed for other CB isoforms found in the NCBI database and the results obtained for colCB-A, we suggest that there are more than two classes of CTX and CB isoforms in crotalic venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme H M Salvador
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A H Fernandes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; UMR 7590, CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Rafael J Borges
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Centro de Química Medicina (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade de Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreimar M Soares
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos Aplicados, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Inst Nac. de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental (INCT-EPIAMO), Rede de Pesquisa e Conhecimento de Excelência na Amazônia Ocidental (RED-CONEXAO), Brazil
| | - Marcos R M Fontes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Estudos Avançados do Mar (IEAMar), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
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2
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Sartim MA, Nogueira RC, Cavalcante TTA, Sousa LO, Monteiro WM, Cintra ACO, Neto-Neves EM, Sampaio SV. Hemodynamic impairment induced by Crotoxin using in vivo and ex vivo approach in a rat model. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123408. [PMID: 36709813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Crotalus durissus snakebite represent 10 % of snakebite cases in Brazil, which cardiovascular disorders are associated with severe cases. Considering crotoxin (CTX) as the major venom component, the present study aimed to evaluate the hemodynamic alterations induced by CTX using in vivo and ex vivo approaches in a rat model. In vivo cardiac function parameters were analyzed from anesthetized rats treated with CTX or saline only (Sham), along with serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and lung myeloperoxidase. From the same animals, hearts were isolated and functional parameters evaluated in Langendorff method ex vivo. CTX binding to myoblast cell line in vitro were evaluated using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. CTX was capable of reducing arterial and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, along with left ventricle pressure development or decay during systole (LVdP/dtmax and LVdP/dtmin) in vivo, however no differences were found in the ex vivo approach, showing that intrinsic heart function was preserved. In vitro, CTX binding to myoblast cell line was mitigated by hexamethonium, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. The present study has shown that CTX induce hemodynamic failure in rats, which can help improve the clinical management of cardiovascular alterations during Crotalus durissus snakebite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Sartim
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Research and Development, University Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil; Department of Teaching and Research, Fundação de Medicina Tropical, Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Renato C Nogueira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas O Sousa
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Wuelton M Monteiro
- Department of Teaching and Research, Fundação de Medicina Tropical, Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil; Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Adélia C O Cintra
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Evandro M Neto-Neves
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Suely V Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Past, Present, and Future of Naturally Occurring Antimicrobials Related to Snake Venoms. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040744. [PMID: 36830531 PMCID: PMC9952678 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on proteins and peptides with antimicrobial activity because these biopolymers can be useful in the fight against infectious diseases and to overcome the critical problem of microbial resistance to antibiotics. In fact, snakes show the highest diversification among reptiles, surviving in various environments; their innate immunity is similar to mammals and the response of their plasma to bacteria and fungi has been explored mainly in ecological studies. Snake venoms are a rich source of components that have a variety of biological functions. Among them are proteins like lectins, metalloproteinases, serine proteinases, L-amino acid oxidases, phospholipases type A2, cysteine-rich secretory proteins, as well as many oligopeptides, such as waprins, cardiotoxins, cathelicidins, and β-defensins. In vitro, these biomolecules were shown to be active against bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses that are pathogenic to humans. Not only cathelicidins, but all other proteins and oligopeptides from snake venom have been proteolyzed to provide short antimicrobial peptides, or for use as templates for developing a variety of short unnatural sequences based on their structures. In addition to organizing and discussing an expressive amount of information, this review also describes new β-defensin sequences of Sistrurus miliarius that can lead to novel peptide-based antimicrobial agents, using a multidisciplinary approach that includes sequence phylogeny.
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Abdullah NAH, Rusmili MRA, Zainal Abidin SA, Shaikh MF, Hodgson WC, Othman I. Isolation and Characterization of A2-EPTX-Nsm1a, a Secretory Phospholipase A 2 from Malaysian Spitting Cobra ( Naja sumatrana) Venom. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120859. [PMID: 34941697 PMCID: PMC8709200 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) toxins are one of the main toxin families found in snake venom. PLA2 toxins are associated with various detrimental effects, including neurotoxicity, myotoxicity, hemostatic disturbances, nephrotoxicity, edema, and inflammation. Although Naja sumatrana venom contains substantial quantities of PLA2 components, there is limited information on the function and activities of PLA2 toxins from the venom. In this study, a secretory PLA2 from the venom of Malaysian N. sumatrana, subsequently named A2-EPTX-Nsm1a, was isolated, purified, and characterized. A2-EPTX-Nsm1a was purified using a mass spectrometry-guided approach and multiple chromatography steps. Based on LC-MSMS, A2-EPTX-Nsm1a was found to show high sequence similarity with PLA2 from venoms of other Naja species. The PLA2 activity of A2-EPTX-Nsm1 was inhibited by 4-BPB and EDTA. A2-EPTX-Nsm1a was significantly less cytotoxic in a neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) compared to crude venom and did not show a concentration-dependent cytotoxic activity. To our knowledge, this is the first study that characterizes and investigates the cytotoxicity of an Asp49 PLA2 isolated from Malaysian N. sumatrana venom in a human neuroblastoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Atiqah Haizum Abdullah
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (S.A.Z.A.); (M.F.S.)
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or (N.A.H.A.); (I.O.)
| | - Muhamad Rusdi Ahmad Rusmili
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, Kuantan Campus, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia;
| | - Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (S.A.Z.A.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (S.A.Z.A.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Wayne C. Hodgson
- Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (S.A.Z.A.); (M.F.S.)
- Correspondence: or (N.A.H.A.); (I.O.)
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Peña-Carrillo MS, Pinos-Tamayo EA, Mendes B, Domínguez-Borbor C, Proaño-Bolaños C, Miguel DC, Almeida JR. Dissection of phospholipases A 2 reveals multifaceted peptides targeting cancer cells, Leishmania and bacteria. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105041. [PMID: 34130109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cationic peptides bio-inspired by natural toxins have been recognized as an efficient strategy for the treatment of different health problems. Due to the specific interaction with substrates from biological membranes, snake venom phospholipases (PLA2s) represent valuable scaffolds for the research and development of short peptides targeting parasites, bacteria, and cancer cells. Considering this, we evaluated the in vitro therapeutic potential of three biomimetic peptides (pCergo, pBmTxJ and pBmje) based on three different amino acid sequences from Asp49 PLA2s. First, short amino acid sequences (12-17 in length) derived from these membranolytic toxins were selected using a combination of bioinformatics tools, including AntiCP, AMPA, PepDraw, ToxinPred, and HemoPI. The peptide, from each polypeptide sequence, with the greatest average antimicrobial index, no toxicity, and no hemolysis predicted was synthesized, purified, and characterized. According to in vitro assays performed, pBmje showed moderate cytotoxicity specifically against MCF-7 (breast cancer cells) with an EC50 of 464.85 µM, whereas pBmTxJ showed an antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) with an MIC of 37.5 µM, and pCergo against E. coli (ATCC 25922) with an MIC of 75 µM. In addition, pCergo showed antileishmanial activity with an EC50 of 93.69 µM and 110.40 µM against promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis and L. amazonensis, respectively. Altogether, these results confirmed the versatility of PLA2-derived synthetic peptides, highlighting the relevance of the use of these membrane-interacting toxins as specific archetypes for drug design focused on public health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Peña-Carrillo
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 Via Muyuna, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Edgar A Pinos-Tamayo
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 Via Muyuna, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Bruno Mendes
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristobal Domínguez-Borbor
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Marinas (CENAIM), Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30. 5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Carolina Proaño-Bolaños
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 Via Muyuna, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Danilo C Miguel
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R Almeida
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 Via Muyuna, Tena, Napo, Ecuador.
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Pucca MB, Bernarde PS, Rocha AM, Viana PF, Farias RES, Cerni FA, Oliveira IS, Ferreira IG, Sandri EA, Sachett J, Wen FH, Sampaio V, Laustsen AH, Sartim MA, Monteiro WM. Crotalus Durissus Ruruima: Current Knowledge on Natural History, Medical Importance, and Clinical Toxinology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:659515. [PMID: 34168642 PMCID: PMC8219050 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.659515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crotalus durissus ruruima is a rattlesnake subspecies mainly found in Roraima, the northernmost state of Brazil. Envenomings caused by this subspecies lead to severe clinical manifestations (e.g. respiratory muscle paralysis, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure) that can lead to the victim’s death. In this review, we comprehensively describe C. d. ruruima biology and the challenges this subspecies poses for human health, including morphology, distribution, epidemiology, venom cocktail, clinical envenoming, and the current and future specific treatment of envenomings by this snake. Moreover, this review presents maps of the distribution of the snake subspecies and evidence that this species is responsible for some of the most severe envenomings in the country and causes the highest lethality rates. Finally, we also discuss the efficacy of the Brazilian horse-derived antivenoms to treat C. d. ruruima envenomings in Roraima state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela B Pucca
- Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Bernarde
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Centro Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Patrik F Viana
- National Institute of Amazonian Research, Biodiversity Coordination, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Erasmo Souza Farias
- National Institute of Amazonian Research, Biodiversity Coordination, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Cerni
- Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil.,Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isadora S Oliveira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isabela G Ferreira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eliseu A Sandri
- Insikiram Institute of Indigenous Higher Studies, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Sachett
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil.,Department of Teaching and Research, Alfredo da Matta Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fan Hui Wen
- Antivenom Production Section, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanderson Sampaio
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Andreas H Laustsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marco A Sartim
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Amazonas Federal University, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Wuelton M Monteiro
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil.,Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
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Crotoxin-Induced Mice Lung Impairment: Role of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and COX-Derived Prostanoids. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050794. [PMID: 32443924 PMCID: PMC7277605 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory compromise in Crotalus durissus terrificus (C.d.t.) snakebite is an important pathological condition. Considering that crotoxin (CTX), a phospholipase A2 from C.d.t. venom, is the main component of the venom, the present work investigated the toxin effects on respiratory failure. Lung mechanics, morphology and soluble markers were evaluated from Swiss male mice, and mechanism determined using drugs/inhibitors of eicosanoids biosynthesis pathway and autonomic nervous system. Acute respiratory failure was observed, with an early phase (within 2 h) characterized by enhanced presence of eicosanoids, including prostaglandin E2, that accounted for the increased vascular permeability in the lung. The alterations of early phase were inhibited by indomethacin. The late phase (peaked 12 h) was marked by neutrophil infiltration, presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and morphological alterations characterized by alveolar septal thickening and bronchoconstriction. In addition, lung mechanical function was impaired, with decreased lung compliance and inspiratory capacity. Hexamethonium, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, hampered late phase damages indicating that CTX-induced lung impairment could be associated with cholinergic transmission. The findings reported herein highlight the impact of CTX on respiratory compromise, and introduce the use of nicotinic blockers and prostanoids biosynthesis inhibitors as possible symptomatic therapy to Crotalus durissus terrificus snakebite.
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Huancahuire-Vega S, Hollanda LM, Gomes-Heleno M, Newball-Noriega EE, Marangoni S. ACP-TX-I and ACP-TX-II, Two Novel Phospholipases A 2 Isolated from Trans-Pecos Copperhead Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster Venom: Biochemical and Functional Characterization. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11110661. [PMID: 31739403 PMCID: PMC6891687 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reports the purification and biochemical and functional characterization of ACP-TX-I and ACP-TX-II, two phospholipases A2 (PLA2) from Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster venom. Both PLA2s were highly purified by a single chromatographic step on a C18 reverse phase HPLC column. Various peptide sequences from these two toxins showed similarity to those of other PLA2 toxins from viperid snake venoms. ACP-TX-I belongs to the catalytically inactive K49 PLA2 class, while ACP-TX-II is a D49 PLA2, and is enzymatically active. ACP-TX-I PLA2 is monomeric, which results in markedly diminished myotoxic and inflammatory activities when compared with dimeric K49 PLA2s, confirming the hypothesis that dimeric structure contributes heavily to the profound myotoxicity of the most active viperid K49 PLA2s. ACP-TX-II exhibits the main pharmacological actions reported for this protein family, including in vivo local myotoxicity, edema-forming activity, and in vitro cytotoxicity. ACP-TX-I PLA2 is cytotoxic to A549 lung carcinoma cells, indicating that cytotoxicity to these tumor cells does not require enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomón Huancahuire-Vega
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión (UPeU), Lima 15, Peru;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +51-9-9757-4011
| | - Luciana M. Hollanda
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Universidade Tiradentes (UNIT), Aracaju 49032-490, SE, Brazil;
| | - Mauricio Gomes-Heleno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (M.G.-H.); (S.M.)
| | - Edda E. Newball-Noriega
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión (UPeU), Lima 15, Peru;
| | - Sergio Marangoni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (M.G.-H.); (S.M.)
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Almeida JR, Palacios ALV, Patiño RSP, Mendes B, Teixeira CAS, Gomes P, da Silva SL. Harnessing snake venom phospholipases A 2 to novel approaches for overcoming antibiotic resistance. Drug Dev Res 2018; 80:68-85. [PMID: 30255943 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance drives an essential race against time to reveal new molecular structures capable of addressing this alarming global health problem. Snake venoms are natural catalogs of multifunctional toxins and privileged frameworks, which serve as potential templates for the inspiration of novel treatment strategies for combating antibiotic resistant bacteria. Phospholipases A2 (PLA2 s) are one of the main classes of antibacterial biomolecules, with recognized therapeutic value, found in these valuable secretions. Recently, a number of biomimetic oligopeptides based on small fragments of primary structure from PLA2 toxins has emerged as a meaningful opportunity to overcome multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. Thus, this review will highlight the biochemical and structural properties of antibacterial PLA2 s and peptides thereof, as well as their possible molecular mechanisms of action and key roles in development of effective therapeutic strategies. Chemical strategies possibly useful to convert antibacterial peptides from PLA2 s to efficient drugs will be equally addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruno Mendes
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cátia A S Teixeira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Saulo L da Silva
- Facultad de Ciencias Química, Universidad de Cuenca - Cuenca/Azuay - Ecuador
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Grabner AN, Alfonso J, Kayano AM, Moreira-Dill LS, dos Santos APDA, Caldeira CA, Sobrinho JC, Gómez A, Grabner FP, Cardoso FF, Zuliani JP, Fontes MR, Pimenta DC, Gómez CV, Teles CB, Soares AM, Calderon LA. BmajPLA 2 -II, a basic Lys49-phospholipase A 2 homologue from Bothrops marajoensis snake venom with parasiticidal potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:571-581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Functional Elucidation of Nemopilema nomurai and Cyanea nozakii Nematocyst Venoms' Lytic Activity Using Mass Spectrometry and Zymography. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9020047. [PMID: 28134758 PMCID: PMC5331427 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Medusozoans utilize explosively discharging penetrant nematocysts to inject venom into prey. These venoms are composed of highly complex proteins and peptides with extensive bioactivities, as observed in vitro. Diverse enzymatic toxins have been putatively identified in the venom of jellyfish, Nemopilema nomurai and Cyanea nozakii, through examination of their proteomes and transcriptomes. However, functional examination of putative enzymatic components identified in proteomic approaches to elucidate potential bioactivities is critically needed. Methods: In this study, enzymatic toxins were functionally identified using a combined approach consisting of in gel zymography and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The potential roles of metalloproteinases and lipases in hemolytic activity were explored using specific inhibitors. Results: Zymography indicated that nematocyst venom possessed protease-, lipase- and hyaluronidase-class activities. Further, proteomic approaches using LC-MS/MS indicated sequence homology of proteolytic bands observed in zymography to extant zinc metalloproteinase-disintegrins and astacin metalloproteinases. Moreover, pre-incubation of the metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat with N. nomurai nematocyst venom resulted in an approximate 62% reduction of hemolysis compared to venom exposed sheep erythrocytes, suggesting that metalloproteinases contribute to hemolytic activity. Additionally, species within the molecular mass range of 14–18 kDa exhibited both egg yolk and erythrocyte lytic activities in gel overlay assays. Conclusion: For the first time, our findings demonstrate the contribution of jellyfish venom metalloproteinase and suggest the involvement of lipase species to hemolytic activity. Investigations of this relationship will facilitate a better understanding of the constituents and toxicity of jellyfish venom.
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Almeida J, Resende L, Silva A, Ribeiro R, Stábeli R, Soares A, Calderon L, Marangoni S, Da Silva S. Biochemical and functional studies of ColTx-I, a new myotoxic phospholipase A2 isolated from Crotalus oreganus lutosus (Great Basin rattlesnake) snake venom. Toxicon 2016; 117:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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13
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Baîram D, Aissa I, Louati H, Othman H, Abdelkafi-Koubaa Z, Krayem N, El Ayeb M, Srairi-Abid N, Marrakchi N, Gargouri Y. Biochemical and monolayer characterization of Tunisian snake venom phospholipases. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:640-6. [PMID: 27164498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the kinetic and interfacial properties of two secreted phospholipases isolated from Tunisian vipers'venoms: Cerastes cerastes (CC-PLA2) and Macrovipera lebetina transmediterranea (MVL-PLA2). Results show that these enzymes have great different abilities to bind and hydrolyse phospholipids. Using egg-yolk emulsions as substrate at pH 8, we found that MVL-PLA2 has a specific activity of 1473U/mg at 37°C in presence of 1mM CaCl2. Furthermore the interfacial kinetic and binding data indicate that MVL-PLA2 has a preference to the zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine monolayers (PC). Conversely, CC-PLA2 was found to be able to hydrolyse preferentially negatively charged head group phospholipids (PG and PS) and exhibits a specific activity 9 times more important (13333U/mg at 60°C in presence of 3mM CaCl2). Molecular models of both CC-PLA2 and MVL-PLA2 3D structures have been built and their electrostatic potentials surfaces have been calculated. A marked anisotropy of the overall electrostatic charge distribution leads to a significantly difference in the dipole moment intensity between the two enzymes explaining the great differences in catalytic and binding properties, which seems to be governed by the electrostatic and hydrophobic forces operative at the surface of the two phospholipases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douja Baîram
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques LR11IPT08, 13, Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Imen Aissa
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route de Soukra, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; Université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Louati
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route de Soukra, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; Université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Houcemeddine Othman
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques LR11IPT08, 13, Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Zaineb Abdelkafi-Koubaa
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques LR11IPT08, 13, Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Najeh Krayem
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route de Soukra, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; Université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed El Ayeb
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques LR11IPT08, 13, Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques LR11IPT08, 13, Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Naziha Marrakchi
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques LR11IPT08, 13, Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Youssef Gargouri
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route de Soukra, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; Université de Sfax, Tunisia.
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A brief update on potential molecular mechanisms underlying antimicrobial and wound-healing potency of snake venom molecules. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 115:1-9. [PMID: 26975619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A wide range of diverse, novel classes of natural antibiotics have been isolated from different snake species in the recent past. Snake venoms contain diverse groups of proteins with potent antibacterial activity against a wide range of human pathogens. Some snake venom molecules are pharmacologically attractive, as they possess promising broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. Furthermore, snake venom proteins (SVPs)/peptides also bind to integrins with high affinity, thereby inhibiting cell adhesion and accelerating wound healing in animal models. Thus, SVPs are a potential alternative to chemical antibiotics. The mode of action for many antibacterial peptides involves pore formation and disruption of the plasma membrane. This activity often includes modulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation during skin wound healing. The NF-κB pathway negatively regulates the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad pathway by inducing the expression of Smad7 and eventually reducing in vivo collagen production at the wound sites. In this context, SVPs that regulate the NF-κB signaling pathway may serve as potential targets for drug development.
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Neuromuscular effects of venoms and crotoxin-like proteins from Crotalus durissus ruruima and Crotalus durissus cumanensis. Toxicon 2015; 96:46-9. [PMID: 25598498 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A myographic study was performed to compare the neuromuscular effects of venoms and crotoxin-like proteins from Crotalus durissus ruruima and Crotalus durissus cumanensis in mice phrenic-diaphragm preparation. It was concluded that both venoms present neurotoxic activity as a consequence of their crotoxin content. Furthermore, crotoxin from C.d. cumanensis is more potent than that from C.d. ruruima venom. At the concentration range in which both venoms express neurotoxic activity, only C.d. cumanensis venom also manifest a direct myotoxic effect that probably involves the synergic participation of other components than crotoxin.
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Effect of chlorogenic acid (5-Caffeoylquinic Acid) isolated from Baccharis oxyodonta on the structure and pharmacological activities of secretory phospholipase A2 from Crotalus durissus terrificus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:726585. [PMID: 25258715 PMCID: PMC4167235 DOI: 10.1155/2014/726585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid, 5CQA), isolated from Baccharis oxyodonta, on the structure and pharmacological effect of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) from Crotalus durissus terrificus. All in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted using a purified sPLA2 compared under the same experimental conditions with sPLA2 : 5CQA. 5CQA induced several discrete modifications in the secondary structure and the hydrophobic characteristics of native sPLA2 that induced slight changes in the α-helical content, increase in the random coil structure, and decrease of fluorescence of native sPLA2. Moreover, 5CQA significantly decreased the enzymatic activity and the oedema and myonecrosis induced by native sPLA2. As the catalytic activity of sPLA2 plays an important role in several of its biological and pharmacological properties, antibacterial activity was used to confirm the decrease in its enzymatic activity by 5CQA, which induced massive bacterial cell destruction. We found that 5CQA specifically abolished the enzymatic activity of sPLA2 and induced discrete protein unfolding that mainly involved the pharmacological site of sPLA2. These results showed the potential application of 5CQA in the snake poisoning treatment and modulation of the pathological effect of inflammation induced by secretory PLA2.
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An evaluation of 3-rhamnosylquercetin, a glycosylated form of quercetin, against the myotoxic and edematogenic effects of sPLA 2 from Crotalus durissus terrificus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:341270. [PMID: 24696848 PMCID: PMC3947839 DOI: 10.1155/2014/341270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper shows the results of quercitrin effects on the structure and biological activity of secretory phospholipase (sPLA2) from Crotalus durissus terrificus, which is the main toxin involved in the pharmacological effects of this snake venom. According to our mass spectrometry and circular dichroism results, quercetin was able to promote a chemical modification of some amino acid residues and modify the secondary structure of C. d. terrificus sPLA2. Moreover, molecular docking studies showed that quercitrin can establish chemical interactions with some of the crucial amino acid residues involved in the enzymatic activity of the sPLA2, indicating that this flavonoid could also physically impair substrate molecule access to the catalytic site of the toxin. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo assays showed that the quercitrin strongly diminished the catalytic activity of the protein, altered its Vmax and Km values, and presented a more potent inhibition of essential pharmacological activities in the C. d. terrificus sPLA2, such as its myotoxicity and edematogenic effect, in comparison to quercetin. Thus, we concluded that the rhamnose group found in quercitrin is most likely essential to the antivenom activities of this flavonoid against C. d. terrificus sPLA2.
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Louati H, Krayem N, Fendri A, Aissa I, Sellami M, Bezzine S, Gargouri Y. A thermoactive secreted phospholipase A2 purified from the venom glands of Scorpio maurus: Relation between the kinetic properties and the hemolytic activity. Toxicon 2013; 72:133-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Antinociceptive activity of crotoxin in the central nervous system: a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging study. Toxicon 2013; 74:44-55. [PMID: 23916599 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Crotoxin, the main neurotoxic component of the venom of South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus), is reported to have potent antinociceptive activity. Several authors have shown mainly in behavioral pain models that crotoxin induces antinociceptive effects, supposed to be mediated by actions on the central nervous system. The antinociceptive effects of crotoxin (45 μg/kg ip) in rats were verified in this study by increased response latencies in a Hargreaves test and tail flick test. In addition, it was demonstrated that crotoxin does not lead to motor impairments during a rotarod test and open field test. The main objective, carried out by blood oxygen level dependent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (BOLD fMRI) in anesthetized rats, was to determine which specific brain structures are involved in these antinociceptive effects. Moreover, potential antihyperalgesic effects were investigated by inducing a local hyperalgesia on the left hind paw. Therefore, antinociceptive effects (right paw) and antihyperalgesic effects (left paw) of crotoxin were able to be differentiated. As a result, crotoxin exhibited dominant antihyperalgesic but also antinociceptive effects during pain stimulation. Reductions of BOLD signal already occurred in brain input structures but were most prominent in primary and secondary somatosensory cortices. In conclusion, BOLD fMRI in anesthetized rats proved to be a helpful tool in toxinology, particularly in unraveled mechanisms of modulating nociception in the central nervous system by (potential) analgesics like crotoxin.
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Santhosh MS, Sundaram MS, Sunitha K, Kemparaju K, Girish KS. Viper venom-induced oxidative stress and activation of inflammatory cytokines: a therapeutic approach for overlooked issues of snakebite management. Inflamm Res 2013; 62:721-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Huancahuire-Vega S, Corrêa DHA, Hollanda LM, Lancellotti M, Ramos CHI, Ponce-Soto LA, Marangoni S. Chemical modifications of PhTX-I myotoxin from Porthidium hyoprora snake venom: effects on structural, enzymatic, and pharmacological properties. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:103494. [PMID: 23484072 PMCID: PMC3591178 DOI: 10.1155/2013/103494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We recently described the isolation of a basic PLA2 (PhTX-I) from Porthidium hyoprora snake venom. This toxin exhibits high catalytic activity, induces in vivo myotoxicity, moderates footpad edema, and causes in vitro neuromuscular blockade. Here, we describe the chemical modifications of specific amino acid residues (His, Tyr, Lys, and Trp), performed in PhTX-I, to study their effects on the structural, enzymatic, and pharmacological properties of this myotoxin. After chemical treatment, a single His, 4 Tyr, 7 Lys, and one Trp residues were modified. The secondary structure of the protein remained unchanged as measured by circular dichroism; however other results indicated the critical role played by Lys and Tyr residues in myotoxic, neurotoxic activities and mainly in the cytotoxicity displayed by PhTX-I. His residue and therefore catalytic activity of PhTX-I are relevant for edematogenic, neurotoxic, and myotoxic effects, but not for its cytotoxic activity. This dissociation observed between enzymatic activity and some pharmacological effects suggests that other molecular regions distinct from the catalytic site may also play a role in the toxic activities exerted by this myotoxin. Our observations supported the hypothesis that both the catalytic sites as the hypothetical pharmacological sites are relevant to the pharmacological profile of PhTX-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomón Huancahuire-Vega
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel H. A. Corrêa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana M. Hollanda
- Biotechnology Laboratory (LABIOTEC), Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lancellotti
- Biotechnology Laboratory (LABIOTEC), Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos H. I. Ramos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luis Alberto Ponce-Soto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Marangoni
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Pereañez JA, Gómez ID, Patiño AC. Relationship between the structure and the enzymatic activity of crotoxin complex and its phospholipase A2 subunit: an in silico approach. J Mol Graph Model 2012; 35:36-42. [PMID: 22481077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Crotoxin, one of the major toxins of South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus subspecies, is an heterodimeric complex composed of two distinct subunits: a basic phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2), CB) and an acidic nontoxic catalytically inactive protein, crotapotin (CA). It's well known that CB has a high enzymatic activity; however the molecular aspects that determine this fact remain unknown. In this study, an in silico approach was used to predict the CA structure by homology modeling, and the crotoxin structure by means of molecular docking. CA structure was built using the software Modeller taking Crotalus atrox PLA(2) (1PP2:R) as a template. Different criteria measured by Procheck, Verify 3D and ProSA were indicative of the reliability and the proper fold for the predicted structural model of CA. Then, a combination of this model and CB crystal structure was used to build the structure of crotoxin complex through rigid-body protein-protein docking. The crotoxin-3D model suggested that by means of hydrophobic and π-π stacking interactions, CA-Y24 and CA-F119 interact with CB-F24 and CB-F119, respectively. Those interactions could prevent the interfacial adsorption of the CB onto the lipid/water interface by blocking part of the interfacial binding surface of the PLA(2). This fact could explain the differences regarding to enzymatic activity between the crotoxin complex and CB. In addition, the crotoxin-3D model showed solvent-exposed regions of CA that could bind the receptor expressed in target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Andrés Pereañez
- Programa de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo, Universidad de Antioquia, A.A. 1226, Medellín, Colombia.
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Toyama DDO, Diz Filho EBDS, Cavada BS, da Rocha BAM, de Oliveira SCB, Cotrim CA, Soares VCG, Delatorre P, Marangoni S, Toyama MH. Umbelliferone induces changes in the structure and pharmacological activities of Bn IV, a phospholipase A2 isoform isolated from Bothrops neuwiedi. Toxicon 2011; 57:851-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Santos ML, Toyama DO, Oliveira SCB, Cotrim CA, Diz-Filho EBS, Fagundes FHR, Soares VCG, Aparicio R, Toyama MH. Modulation of the pharmacological activities of secretory phospholipase A2 from Crotalus durissus cascavella induced by naringin. Molecules 2011; 16:738-61. [PMID: 21245808 PMCID: PMC6259155 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16010738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we have characterized the action of the naringin, a flavonoid found in grapefruit and known for its various pharmacological effects, which include antioxidant blood lipid lowering and anticancer activity, on the structure and biochemical activities of a secretory phospholipase A (sPLA2) from Crotalus durissus cascavella, an important protein involved in the releasinge of arachidonic acid in phospholipid membranes. sPLA2 was incubated with naringin (mol:mol) at 37 °C and a discrete reduction in the UV scanning signal and a modification of the circular dichroism spectra were observed after treatment with naringin, suggesting modifications of the secondary structure of the protein. This flavonoid was able to decrease enzymatic activity and some pharmacological effects, such as myonecrosis, platelet aggregation, and neurotoxic activity caused by sPLA2, however, the inflammatory effect was not affected by naringin. In addition, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data were collected for sPLA2 and naringin-treated sPLA2 to evaluate possible modifications of the protein structure. These structural investigations have shown that sPLA2 is an elongated dimer in solution and after treatment with naringin a conformational change in the dimeric configuration was observed. Our results suggest that structural modification may be correlated with the loss of enzymatic activity and alterations in pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo L. Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Cristalografia, Instituto de Química, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Simone C. B. Oliveira
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila A. Cotrim
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio H. R. Fagundes
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veronica C. G. Soares
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Aparicio
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Cristalografia, Instituto de Química, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos H. Toyama
- Laboratório de Macromoléculas Química, UNESP/CLP, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cotrim CA, de Oliveira SCB, Diz Filho EB, Fonseca FV, Baldissera L, Antunes E, Ximenes RM, Monteiro HSA, Rabello MM, Hernandes MZ, de Oliveira Toyama D, Toyama MH. Quercetin as an inhibitor of snake venom secretory phospholipase A2. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 189:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Sampaio SC, Hyslop S, Fontes MR, Prado-Franceschi J, Zambelli VO, Magro AJ, Brigatte P, Gutierrez VP, Cury Y. Crotoxin: Novel activities for a classic β-neurotoxin. Toxicon 2010; 55:1045-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Fonseca FV, Baldissera L, Camargo EA, Antunes E, Diz-Filho EBS, Corrêa AG, Beriam LOS, Toyama DO, Cotrim CA, Alvin J, Toyama MH. Effect of the synthetic coumarin, ethyl 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate, on activity of Crotalus durissus ruruima sPLA2 as well as on edema and platelet aggregation induced by this factor. Toxicon 2010; 55:1527-30. [PMID: 20223257 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We show that ethyl 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate (EOCC), a synthetic coumarin, irreversibly inhibits phospholipase A(2) (sPLA2) from Crotalus durissus ruruima venom (sPLA2r) with an IC(50) of 3.1 +/- 0.06 nmol. EOCC strongly decreased the V(max) and K(m), and it virtually abolished the enzyme activity of sPLA2r as well as sPLA2s from other sources. The edema induced by sPLA2r + EOCC was less than that induced by sPLA2r treated with p-bromophenacyl bromide, which was more efficient at neutralizing the platelet aggregation activity of native sPLA2r. Native sPLA2r induced platelet aggregation of 91.54 +/- 9.3%, and sPLA2r + EOCC induced a platelet aggregation of 18.56 +/- 6.5%. EOCC treatment also decreased the myotoxic effect of sPLA2r. Mass spectrometry showed that EOCC formed a stable complex with sPLA2r, which increased the mass of native sPLA2r from 14,299.34 Da to 14,736.22 Da. Moreover, the formation of this complex appeared to be involved in the loss of sPLA2r activity. Our results strongly suggest that EOCC can be used as a pharmacological agent against the sPLA2 in Crotalus durissus sp. venom as well as other sPLA2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- F V Fonseca
- Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
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