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Zheng C, Ge R, Wei J, Jiao T, Chen Q, Chen Q, Chen X. NIR-responsive photoelectrochemical sensing platform for the simultaneous determination of tetrodotoxin and okadaic acid in Nassariidae. Food Chem 2024; 430:136999. [PMID: 37542962 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous detection of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and okadaic acid (OA) is important for seafood safety. In this work, a novel paper electrode-based near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor was constructed using Ag2S quantum dots (QDs) and NaYF4: Yb, Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) matched with BiOI for the simultaneous detection of TTX and OA in aquatic products. A low-cost, easily prepared gold nanoparticle-functionalized paper-based screen-printed electrode with six channels was designed to immobilize OA and Ab1 of TTX. Correspondingly, PEC signal immunoprobes (BiOI@UCNPs-Ab and Ab2-Ag2S QDs) with NIR-light response were introduced to construct competitive-type and sandwich-type PEC immunosensors for OA and TTX, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the linear ranges for TTX and OA were 0.001-100 and 0.001-80 ng mL-1, respectively, and the detection limits were 5 and 7 pg mL-1, respectively. The proposed sensor was successfully used for the simultaneous analysis of TTX and OA in Nassariidae samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Zheng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Rui Ge
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jie Wei
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Tianhui Jiao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qingmin Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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2
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Li Y, Yang KD, Kong DC, Ye JF. Advances in phage display based nano immunosensors for cholera toxin. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224397. [PMID: 37781379 PMCID: PMC10534012 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholera, a persistent global public health concern, continues to cause outbreaks in approximately 30 countries and territories this year. The imperative to safeguard water sources and food from Vibrio cholerae, the causative pathogen, remains urgent. The bacterium is mainly disseminated via ingestion of contaminated water or food. Despite the plate method's gold standard status for detection, its time-consuming nature, taking several days to provide results, remains a challenge. The emergence of novel virulence serotypes raises public health concerns, potentially compromising existing detection methods. Hence, exploiting Vibrio cholerae toxin testing holds promise due to its inherent stability. Immunobiosensors, leveraging antibody specificity and sensitivity, present formidable tools for detecting diverse small molecules, encompassing drugs, hormones, toxins, and environmental pollutants. This review explores cholera toxin detection, highlighting phage display-based nano immunosensors' potential. Engineered bacteriophages exhibit exceptional cholera toxin affinity, through specific antibody fragments or mimotopes, enabling precise quantification. This innovative approach promises to reshape cholera toxin detection, offering an alternative to animal-derived methods. Harnessing engineered bacteriophages aligns with ethical detection and emphasizes sensitivity and accuracy, a pivotal stride in the evolution of detection strategies. This review primarily introduces recent advancements in phage display-based nano immunosensors for cholera toxin, encompassing technical aspects, current challenges, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kai-di Yang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - De-cai Kong
- General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jun-feng Ye
- General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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3
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Louzao MC, Vilariño N, Vale C, Costas C, Cao A, Raposo-Garcia S, Vieytes MR, Botana LM. Current Trends and New Challenges in Marine Phycotoxins. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030198. [PMID: 35323497 PMCID: PMC8950113 DOI: 10.3390/md20030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine phycotoxins are a multiplicity of bioactive compounds which are produced by microalgae and bioaccumulate in the marine food web. Phycotoxins affect the ecosystem, pose a threat to human health, and have important economic effects on aquaculture and tourism worldwide. However, human health and food safety have been the primary concerns when considering the impacts of phycotoxins. Phycotoxins toxicity information, often used to set regulatory limits for these toxins in shellfish, lacks traceability of toxicity values highlighting the need for predefined toxicological criteria. Toxicity data together with adequate detection methods for monitoring procedures are crucial to protect human health. However, despite technological advances, there are still methodological uncertainties and high demand for universal phycotoxin detectors. This review focuses on these topics, including uncertainties of climate change, providing an overview of the current information as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Louzao
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.L.); (L.M.B.)
| | - Natalia Vilariño
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Carmen Vale
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Celia Costas
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Alejandro Cao
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Sandra Raposo-Garcia
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Mercedes R. Vieytes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.L.); (L.M.B.)
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4
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Yin M, Wang W, Wei J, Chen X, Chen Q, Chen X, Oyama M. Novel dual-emissive fluorescent immunoassay for synchronous monitoring of okadaic acid and saxitoxin in shellfish. Food Chem 2022; 368:130856. [PMID: 34425333 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present a novel dual-emissive fluoroimmunoassay for synchronous monitoring of okadaic acid (OA) and saxitoxin (STX) using multicolor fluorescent labels composed of sulfur, phosphorous co-doped graphene quantum dots (S, P-GQDs), and ovalbumin (OVA)-coated gold nanoparticles (OVA-AuNPs). The novel OVA-AuNPs were prepared by the reduction of chloroauric acid under alkaline conditions using OVA as a reducing agent. Both S, P-GQDs and OVA-AuNPs exhibit bright fluorescence, more importantly, a large emission wavelength difference (Δλ = 156 nm) under an excitation of 400 nm and relatively independent fluorescence behavior, which are essential to realizing the dual-signal marks in a directly mixing system. Using a competitive fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (cFLISA) format, the dual-emissive cFLISA was successfully utilized to measure OA and STX contents in Alectryonella plicatula (commonly named as fingerprint oyster) and the detection results were in good agreement with the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yin
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jie Wei
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Quansheng Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Munetaka Oyama
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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Zheng C, Yin M, Ge R, Wei J, Su B, Chen X, Chen X. Competitive near-infrared PEC immunosorbent assay for monitoring okadaic acid based on a disposable flower-like WO 3-Modified screen-printed electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 185:113278. [PMID: 33930751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The long-term toxic effects of okadaic acid (OA) in shellfish pose a serious threat to public health, negatively impacting the development of the shellfish aquaculture industry. In this study, a novel competitive near-infrared-mediated photoelectrochemical immunosorbent assay (cNIR-PECIA) was developed for ultrasensitive and highly selective detection of OA based on NaYF4:Yb, Tm upconversion nanophosphors (UCNPs) and a flower-like WO3-modified screen-printed electrode (FL-WO3 SPE). The UCNPs function as a self-powder to convert NIR excitation into visible emissions. FL-WO3 fully utilizes the visible illumination and induces the separation of electron-hole pairs, thus generating a photocurrent. After conjugating monoclonal antibodies against OA on UCNPs (UCNPs-Ab), the bright PEC immunoprobe selectively captured OA molecules, which were then determined by a competitive indirect immunosorbent assay. Under optimal conditions, the 50% inhibitory concentration of the immunosensor was 0.09 ng mL-1. The OA concentration had a linear relationship with the antibody binding rate in the range of 0.01-60 ng mL-1 with an extremely low detection limit of 0.007 ng mL-1. Finally, the proposed cNIR-PECIA was successfully utilized to analyze OA content in mussel samples. This study affords new ideas for constructing NIR PEC sensors by using upconversion luminescent materials to match semiconductors. The superior sensing properties indicate their potential applicability in food safety analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Zheng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Mingming Yin
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Rui Ge
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jie Wei
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Bingyuan Su
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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6
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Nelis JLD, Migliorelli D, Mühlebach L, Generelli S, Stewart L, Elliott CT, Campbell K. Highly sensitive electrochemical detection of the marine toxins okadaic acid and domoic acid with carbon black modified screen printed electrodes. Talanta 2021; 228:122215. [PMID: 33773701 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of the important marine biotoxins domoic acid (DA) and okadaic acid (OA) was developed. The sensors used carbon black modified screen-printed electrodes (CB-SPE) obtained using a high-throughput method. The electrochemical performance and stability of CB modified SPEs and bare carbon SPEs (c-SPEs) were compared using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. CB-SPEs showed improved long-term (at least six months) stability and electro-catalytic properties compared with c-SPEs. The CB-SPEs were bio-functionalized with DA or OA protein-conjugates and used to develop two indirect competitive immunosensors using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The DPV signals obtained for the OA and DA immunosensors fitted well to four-parameter dose-response curves (R2 > 0.98) and showed excellent LODs (LOD = 1.7 ng mL-1 for DA in buffer; LOD = 1.9 ng mL-1 for DA in mussel extract; LOD = 0.15 ng mL-1 for OA in buffer; LOD = 0.18 ng mL-1 for OA in mussel extract). No significant interference of the naturally co-occurring marine toxins saxitoxin, tetrodotoxin and OA was detected for the DA immunosensor. Similarly, for the OA immunosensor saxitoxin, tetrodotoxin and DA did not cross-react and very limited interference was observed for the dinophysis toxins DTX-1, DTX-2 and DTX-3 (OA congeners). Moreover, both immunosensors remained stable after at least 25 days of storage at 4 °C. This work demonstrates the potential of affordable, mass-produced nanomaterial-modified SPEs for marine toxin detection in shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost L D Nelis
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK.
| | | | - Lea Mühlebach
- CSEM SA, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302, Landquart, Switzerland
| | | | - Linda Stewart
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Katrina Campbell
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
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7
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Sensor system based on flexible screen-printed electrodes for electrochemical detection of okadaic acid in seawater. Talanta 2019; 192:347-352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Leonardo S, Toldrà A, Rambla-Alegre M, Fernández-Tejedor M, Andree KB, Ferreres L, Campbell K, Elliott CT, O'Sullivan CK, Pazos Y, Diogène J, Campàs M. Self-assembled monolayer-based immunoassays for okadaic acid detection in seawater as monitoring tools. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 133:6-14. [PMID: 29174400 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and cost-effective methods to monitor the presence of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins in seawater samples in an easy and reliable manner are required to protect human health and avoid economic losses to shellfish industry. Immunoassays for the detection of okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin-1 and dinophysistoxin-2 are developed by immobilising OA on self-assembled monothiols or dithiols in an ordered and oriented way, providing an effective limit of detection of ∼1 ng OA equiv./mL seawater. The immunoassays are applied to the analysis of the particulate fraction of seawater samples from two Catalan harbours (NW Mediterranean) and samples collected periodically from the Galician Rias (E Atlantic), as well as a reference mussel sample. Results are in agreement with LC-MS/MS and the certified values. OA concentration in seawater correlates with Dinophysis cell abundance, with a 1-2 weeks lag. The immunoassays provide powerful high-throughput analytical methods potentially applicable as alternative monitoring tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Leonardo
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou, Km. 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Anna Toldrà
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou, Km. 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | | | | | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou, Km. 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Laura Ferreres
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou, Km. 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Katrina Campbell
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Ciara K O'Sullivan
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Pg. Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Pazos
- INTECMAR, Peirao de Vilaxoán, s/n, 36611 Vilagarcía de Arousa, Spain
| | - Jorge Diogène
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou, Km. 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Mònica Campàs
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou, Km. 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain.
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9
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Fast and sensitive aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxins ELISAs for analysis of peanuts, maize and feed ingredients. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Liu R, Liu Y, Lan MJ, Taheri N, Cheng JL, Guo YR, Zhu GN. Evaluation of a water-soluble adjuvant for the development of monoclonal antibodies against small-molecule compounds *. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 17:282-293. [PMCID: PMC4829633 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble adjuvant named QuickAntibody (QA) was introduced into the procedure of mouse immunization for the development of hapten-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), using four kinds of pesticides as model compounds. Compared with conventional Freund’s adjuvants, QA treatments offered relatively low but acceptable antiserum titers after three inoculations, gave little adverse effects to the experimental animals, and were preferable in harvesting splenocytes during the steps of cell fusion. Afterwards, hybridomas from the QA group were prepared and screened by both non-competitive and competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The efficiency of gaining immune-positive hybridomas was satisfactory, and the resultant mAbs showed sensitivities (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)) of 0.91, 2.46, 3.72, and 6.22 ng/ml to triazophos, parathion, chlorpyrifos, and fenpropathrin, respectively. Additionally, the performance of QA adjuvant was further confirmed by acquiring a high-affinity mAb against okadaic acid (IC50 of 0.36 ng/ml) after three immunizations. These newly developed mAbs showed similar or even better sensitivities compared with previously reported mAbs specific to the corresponding analytes. This study suggested that the easy-to-use adjuvant could be applicable to the efficient generation of highly sensitive mAbs against small compounds.
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Jawaid W, Meneely JP, Campbell K, Melville K, Holmes SJ, Rice J, Elliott CT. Development and Validation of a Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Rapid Screening of Okadaic Acid and All Dinophysis Toxins from Shellfish Extracts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8574-8583. [PMID: 26287989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A single-step lateral flow immunoassay was developed and validated to detect okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysis toxins (DTXs), which cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. The performance characteristics of the test were investigated, in comparison to reference methods (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and/or bioassay), using both spiked and naturally contaminated shellfish. A portable reader was used to generate a qualitative result, indicating the absence or presence of OA-group toxins, at concentrations relevant to the maximum permitted level (MPL). Sample homogenates could be screened in 20 min (including extraction and assay time) for the presence of free toxins (OA, DTX1, DTX2). DTX3 detection could be included with the addition of a hydrolysis procedure. No matrix effects were observed from the species evaluated (mussels, scallops, oysters, and clams). Results from naturally contaminated samples (n = 72) indicated no false compliant results and no false noncompliant results at <50% MPL. Thus, the development of a new low-cost but highly effective tool for monitoring a range of important phycotoxins has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqass Jawaid
- Neogen Europe Limited, The Dairy School, Auchincruive, Ayr, KA6 5HU, Scotland, U.K
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University , David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Julie P Meneely
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University , David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Katrina Campbell
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University , David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Karrie Melville
- Neogen Europe Limited, The Dairy School, Auchincruive, Ayr, KA6 5HU, Scotland, U.K
| | - Stephen J Holmes
- Neogen Europe Limited, The Dairy School, Auchincruive, Ayr, KA6 5HU, Scotland, U.K
| | - Jennifer Rice
- Neogen Corporation, 620 Lesher Place, Lansing, Michigan 48912, United States
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University , David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
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12
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Le Berre M, Kilcoyne M, Kane M. Generation of a panel of high affinity antibodies and development of a biosensor-based immunoassay for the detection of okadaic acid in shellfish. Toxicon 2015; 103:169-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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McNamee SE, Elliott CT, Greer B, Lochhead M, Campbell K. Development of a planar waveguide microarray for the monitoring and early detection of five harmful algal toxins in water and cultures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:13340-9. [PMID: 25361072 DOI: 10.1021/es504172j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel multiplex microarray has been developed for the detection of five groups of harmful algal and cyanobacterial toxins found in marine, brackish, and freshwater environments including domoic acid (DA), okadaic acid (OA, and analogues), saxitoxin (STX, and analogues), cylindrospermopsin (CYN) and microcystins (MC, and analogues). The sensitivity and specificity were determined and feasibility to be used as a screening tool investigated. Results for algal/cyanobacterial cultures (n = 12) and seawater samples (n = 33) were compared to conventional analytical methods, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Detection limits for the 15 min assay were 0.37, 0.44, 0.05, 0.08, and 0.40 ng/mL for DA, OA, STX, CYN, and MC, respectively. The correlation of data obtained from the microarray compared to conventional analysis for the 12 cultures was r(2) = 0.83. Analysis of seawater samples showed that 82, 82, 70, 82, and 12% of samples were positive (>IC20) compared to 67, 55, 36, 0, and 0% for DA, OA, STX, CYN, and MC, respectively, for conventional analytical methods. The discrepancies in results can be attributed to the enhanced sensitivity and cross-reactivity profiles of the antibodies in the MBio microarray. The feasibility of the microarray as a rapid, easy to use, and highly sensitive screening tool has been illustrated for the five-plex detection of biotoxins. The research demonstrates an early warning screening assay to support national monitoring agencies by providing a faster and more accurate means of identifying and quantifying harmful toxins in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E McNamee
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University , Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
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Campbell K, McNamee SE, Huet AC, Delahaut P, Vilarino N, Botana LM, Poli M, Elliott CT. Evolving to the optoelectronic mouse for phycotoxin analysis in shellfish. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:6867-81. [PMID: 25245418 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite ethical and technical concerns, the in vivo method, or more commonly referred to mouse bioassay (MBA), is employed globally as a reference method for phycotoxin analysis in shellfish. This is particularly the case for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and emerging toxin monitoring. A high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC-FLD) has been developed for PSP toxin analysis, but due to difficulties and limitations in the method, this procedure has not been fully implemented as a replacement. Detection of the diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins has moved towards LC-mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, whereas the analysis of the amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) toxin domoic acid is performed by HPLC. Although alternative methods of detection to the MBA have been described, each procedure is specific for a particular toxin and its analogues, with each group of toxins requiring separate analysis utilising different extraction procedures and analytical equipment. In addition, consideration towards the detection of unregulated and emerging toxins on the replacement of the MBA must be given. The ideal scenario for the monitoring of phycotoxins in shellfish and seafood would be to evolve to multiple toxin detection on a single bioanalytical sensing platform, i.e. 'an artificial mouse'. Immunologically based techniques and in particular surface plasmon resonance technology have been shown as a highly promising bioanalytical tool offering rapid, real-time detection requiring minimal quantities of toxin standards. A Biacore Q and a prototype multiplex SPR biosensor have been evaluated for their ability to be fit for purpose for the simultaneous detection of key regulated phycotoxin groups and the emerging toxin palytoxin. Deemed more applicable due to the separate flow channels, the prototype performance for domoic acid, okadaic acid, saxitoxin, and palytoxin calibration curves in shellfish achieved detection limits (IC20) of 4,000, 36, 144 and 46 μg/kg of mussel, respectively. A one-step extraction procedure demonstrated recoveries greater than 80% for all toxins. For validation of the method at the 95% confidence limit, the decision limits (CCα) determined from an extracted matrix curve were calculated to be 450, 36 and 24 μg/kg, and the detection capability (CCβ) as a screening method is ≤10 mg/kg, ≤160 μg/kg and ≤400 μg/kg for domoic acid, okadaic acid and saxitoxin, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Campbell
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK,
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15
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Liu BH, Hung CT, Lu CC, Chou HN, Yu FY. Production of monoclonal antibody for okadaic acid and its utilization in an ultrasensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and one-step immunochromatographic strip. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1254-1260. [PMID: 24446876 DOI: 10.1021/jf404827s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA) is a common marine biotoxin that accumulates in bivalves and causes diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). This study generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific to OA from a hybridoma cell line, 6B1A3, which was obtained by fusion of myeloma cells (P3/NS1/1-AG4-1) with spleen cells isolated from a BALB/c mouse immunized with OA-γ-globulin. The 6B1A3 mAb belongs to the immunoglobulin G1 (κ chain) isotype. Both competitive direct and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were established for characterization of the antibody. The concentrations causing 50% inhibition of binding of OA-horseradish peroxidase to the antibody by OA were calculated to be 0.077 ng/mL in the cdELISA. A rapid and sensitive mAb-based gold nanoparticle immunochromatographic strip was also established. This proposed strip has a detection limit of 5 ng/mL for OA and can be finished in 10 min. Extensive analyses of 20 seafood samples with ELISA revealed that 10 were slightly contaminated with OA, with a mean concentration of 0.892 ng/g. Analysis of OA in shellfish samples showed that data acquired by the immunochromatographic strip agreed well with those acquired by the ELISA. The mAb-based ELISA and immunochromatographic strip assay developed in this study have adequate sensitivity and accuracy for rapid screening of OA in shellfish samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biing-Hui Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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McNamee SE, Elliott CT, Delahaut P, Campbell K. Multiplex biotoxin surface plasmon resonance method for marine biotoxins in algal and seawater samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:6794-807. [PMID: 23250726 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A multiplex surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor method for the detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins, okadaic acid (and analogues) and domoic acid was developed. This method was compared to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Seawater samples (n=256) from around Europe were collected by the consortia of an EU project MIcroarrays for the Detection of Toxic Algae (MIDTAL) and evaluated using each method. A simple sample preparation procedure was developed which involved lysing and releasing the toxins from the algal cells with glass beads followed by centrifugation and filtering the extract before testing for marine biotoxins by both multi-SPR and ELISA. Method detection limits based on IC20 values for PSP, okadaic acid and domoic acid toxins were 0.82, 0.36 and 1.66 ng/ml, respectively, for the prototype multiplex SPR biosensor. Evaluation by SPR for seawater samples has shown that 47, 59 and 61 % of total seawater samples tested positive (result greater than the IC20) for PSP, okadaic acid (and analogues) and domoic acid toxins, respectively. Toxic samples were received mainly from Spain and Ireland. This work has demonstrated the potential of multiplex analysis for marine biotoxins in algal and seawater samples with results available for 24 samples within a 7 h period for three groups of key marine biotoxins. Multiplex immunological methods could therefore be used as early warning monitoring tools for a variety of marine biotoxins in seawater samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E McNamee
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK,
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17
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Fraga M, Vilariño N, Louzao MC, Rodríguez P, Campbell K, Elliott CT, Botana LM. Multidetection of Paralytic, Diarrheic, and Amnesic Shellfish Toxins by an Inhibition Immunoassay Using a Microsphere-Flow Cytometry System. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7794-802. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401146m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Fraga
- Departamento de
Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo,
Spain
| | - Natalia Vilariño
- Departamento de
Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo,
Spain
| | - M Carmen Louzao
- Departamento de
Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo,
Spain
| | - Paula Rodríguez
- Departamento de
Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo,
Spain
| | - Katrina Campbell
- Institute for Global
Food Security
(IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis
Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5AG
| | - Christopher T. Elliott
- Institute for Global
Food Security
(IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis
Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5AG
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento de
Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo,
Spain
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18
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Vilariño N, Louzao MC, Fraga M, Rodríguez LP, Botana LM. Innovative detection methods for aquatic algal toxins and their presence in the food chain. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7719-32. [PMID: 23820950 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Detection of aquatic algal toxins has become critical for the protection of human health. During the last 5 years, techniques such as optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric biosensors or fluorescent-microsphere-based assays have been developed for the detection of aquatic algal toxins, in addition to optimization of existing techniques, to achieve higher sensitivities, specificity, and speed or multidetection. New toxins have also been incorporated in the array of analytical and biological methods. The impact of the former innovation on this field is highlighted by recent changes in legal regulations, with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry becoming the official reference method for marine lipophilic toxins and replacing the mouse bioassay in many countries. This review summarizes the large international effort to provide routine testing laboratories with fast, sensitive, high-throughput, multitoxin, validated methods for the screening of seafood, algae, and water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vilariño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain,
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19
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Automated, high performance, flow-through chemiluminescence microarray for the multiplexed detection of phycotoxins. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 787:211-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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20
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Strategies to improve the surface plasmon resonance-based immmunodetection of bacterial cells. Mikrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-013-0975-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Improvement of the efficiency and simplification of ELISA tests for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of okadaic acid in shellfish. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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A screening lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for on-site detection of okadaic acid in shellfish products. Anal Biochem 2012; 422:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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McGrath TF, Elliott CT, Fodey TL. Biosensors for the analysis of microbiological and chemical contaminants in food. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:75-92. [PMID: 22278073 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Increases in food production and the ever-present threat of food contamination from microbiological and chemical sources have led the food industry and regulators to pursue rapid, inexpensive methods of analysis to safeguard the health and safety of the consumer. Although sophisticated techniques such as chromatography and spectrometry provide more accurate and conclusive results, screening tests allow a much higher throughput of samples at a lower cost and with less operator training, so larger numbers of samples can be analysed. Biosensors combine a biological recognition element (enzyme, antibody, receptor) with a transducer to produce a measurable signal proportional to the extent of interaction between the recognition element and the analyte. The different uses of the biosensing instrumentation available today are extremely varied, with food analysis as an emerging and growing application. The advantages offered by biosensors over other screening methods such as radioimmunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fluorescence immunoassay and luminescence immunoassay, with respect to food analysis, include automation, improved reproducibility, speed of analysis and real-time analysis. This article will provide a brief footing in history before reviewing the latest developments in biosensor applications for analysis of food contaminants (January 2007 to December 2010), focusing on the detection of pathogens, toxins, pesticides and veterinary drug residues by biosensors, with emphasis on articles showing data in food matrices. The main areas of development common to these groups of contaminants include multiplexing, the ability to simultaneously analyse a sample for more than one contaminant and portability. Biosensors currently have an important role in food safety; further advances in the technology, reagents and sample handling will surely reinforce this position.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F McGrath
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute of Agri-Food and Land Use, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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24
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Campàs M, Garibo D, Prieto-Simón B. Novel nanobiotechnological concepts in electrochemical biosensors for the analysis of toxins. Analyst 2012; 137:1055-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an15736e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Comparison of techniques to screen and characterize bacteria-specific hybridomas for high-quality monoclonal antibodies selection. Anal Biochem 2011; 421:26-36. [PMID: 22033288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are very important materials for diagnostics. A rapid and simple hybridoma screening method will help in delivering specific monoclonal antibodies. In this study, we systematically developed the first antibody array to screen for bacteria-specific monoclonal antibodies using Listeria monocytogenes as a bacteria model. The antibody array was developed to expedite the hybridoma screening process by printing hybridoma supernatants on a glass slide coated with an antigen of interest. This screening method is based on the binding ability of supernatants to the coated antigen. The bound supernatants were detected by a fluorescently labeled anti-mouse immunoglobulin. Conditions (slide types, coating, spotting, and blocking buffers) for antibody array construction were optimized. To demonstrate its usefulness, antibody array was used to screen a sample set of 96 hybridoma supernatants in comparison to ELISA. Most of the positive results identified by ELISA and antibody array methods were in agreement except for those with low signals that were undetectable by antibody array. Hybridoma supernatants were further characterized with surface plasmon resonance to obtain additional data on the characteristics of each selected clone. While the antibody array was slightly less sensitive than ELISA, a much faster and lower cost procedure to screen clones against multiple antigens has been demonstrated.
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26
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Lu SY, Zhou Y, Li YS, Lin C, Meng XM, Yan DM, Li ZH, Yu SY, Liu ZS, Ren HL. Production of monoclonal antibody and application in indirect competitive ELISA for detecting okadaic acid and dinophytoxin-1 in seafood. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 19:2619-2626. [PMID: 22828889 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-0819-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE Okadaic acid (OA) and analogues of dinophysistoxin (DTX) are key diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins, which possibly arouse DSP symptoms by consuming the contaminated shellfish. Because of the stable toxicity in high temperature and the long-term carcinogenicity, the outbreaks of DSP related to consumption of bivalve mollusks contaminated by DSP toxins pose a hazard to public health. Therefore, it is worth developing a fast and reliable analytical method for the detection of OA and analogues in shellfish. In this paper, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (icELISA) for detecting OA and DTX-1 in seafood was developed based on monoclonal antibody (McAb). METHODS The OA was conjugated to human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) by the active ester method as the immune antigen and the detective antigen. The spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with OA-IgG were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells. A hybridoma cell line, which secreted McAb against OA, was selected by "limiting dilution" cloning. An icELISA was developed based on immobilized conjugate (OA-BSA) competing the McAb with the free OA in seafood sample. RESULTS A hybridoma cell line, which secreted IgG1 subclass monoclonal antibody (McAb) against OA, was selected. The IC(50) of the McAb for OA and dinophytoxin-1 (DTX-1) were 4.40 and 3.89 ng/mL, respectively. Based on the McAb, an indirect competitive ELISA for detection of OA and DTX-1 in seafood was developed. The regression equation was y = 54.713x - 25.879 with a coefficient correlation of R (2) = 0.9729. The linear range and the limit of detection were 0.4-12.5 and 0.45 ng/mL, respectively. The average recovery of OA and DTX-1 spiked shellfish was 82.29% with the coefficient of variation of 7.67%. CONCLUSION The developed icELISA is a fast, sensitive, and convenient assay for detecting of total amount of OA and DTX-1 in seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
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Oplatowska M, Connolly L, Stevenson P, Stead S, Elliott CT. Development and validation of a fast monoclonal based disequilibrium enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of triphenylmethane dyes and their metabolites in fish. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 698:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Botana LM, Vilariño N, Alfonso A, Vale C, Louzao C, Elliott CT, Campbell K, Botana AM. The problem of toxicity equivalent factors in developing alternative methods to animal bioassays for marine-toxin detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Srey C, Haughey SA, Connolly L, del Castillo MD, Ames JM, Elliott CT. Immunochemical and mass spectrometric analysis of Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine content of AGE-BSA systems prepared with and without selected antiglycation agents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:11955-11961. [PMID: 20979353 DOI: 10.1021/jf102543g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to compare surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) methods for the analysis of Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) in glucose-bovine serum albumin (BSA) model systems and to investigate the possible inhibitory effect of selected compounds (α-tocopherol, ferulic acid, rutin, thiamin, thiamin monophosphate, and thiamin pyrophosphate) on CML formation. The reported levels of CML detected were dependent upon the method of analysis employed. The highest reported concentrations were obtained with the SPR biosensor, whereas the lowest were found by ELISA. However, a high correlation was observed between these two immunochemical procedures. CML concentrations were dependent upon the type and concentration of the candidate CML inhibitor. All inhibitory compounds investigated, with the exception of α-tocopherol, decreased the level of CML formation in the glucose-BSA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chou Srey
- Institute of Agri-Food and Land Use, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG.
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30
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Biological methods for marine toxin detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:1673-81. [PMID: 20458470 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of marine toxins in seafood poses a health risk to human consumers which has prompted the regulation of the maximum content of marine toxins in seafood in the legislations of many countries. Most marine toxin groups are detected by animal bioassays worldwide. Although this method has well known ethical and technical drawbacks, it is the official detection method for all regulated phycotoxins except domoic acid. Much effort by the scientific and regulatory communities has been focused on the development of alternative techniques that enable the substitution or reduction of bioassays; some of these have recently been included in the official detection method list. During the last two decades several biological methods including use of biosensors have been adapted for detection of marine toxins. The main advances in marine toxin detection using this kind of technique are reviewed. Biological methods offer interesting possibilities for reduction of the number of biosassays and a very promising future of new developments.
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Use of biosensors as alternatives to current regulatory methods for marine biotoxins. SENSORS 2009; 9:9414-43. [PMID: 22291571 PMCID: PMC3260648 DOI: 10.3390/s91109414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Marine toxins are currently monitored by means of a bioassay that requires the use of many mice, which poses a technical and ethical problem in many countries. With the exception of domoic acid, there is a legal requirement for the presence of other toxins (yessotoxin, saxitoxin and analogs, okadaic acid and analogs, pectenotoxins and azaspiracids) in seafood to be controlled by bioassay, but other toxins, such as palytoxin, cyclic imines, ciguatera and tetrodotoxin are potentially present in European food and there are no legal requirements or technical approaches available to identify their presence. The need for alternative methods to the bioassay is clearly important, and biosensors have become in recent years a feasible alternative to animal sacrifice. This review will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using biosensors as alternatives to animal assays for marine toxins, with particular focus on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology.
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32
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Stewart LD, Hess P, Connolly L, Elliott CT. Development and Single-Laboratory Validation of a Pseudofunctional Biosensor Immunoassay for the Detection of the Okadaic Acid Group of Toxins. Anal Chem 2009; 81:10208-14. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda D. Stewart
- Institute of Agri-Food and Land Use, Queen’s University of Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG, and Marine Institute, Oranmore, County Galway, Ireland
| | - Philipp Hess
- Institute of Agri-Food and Land Use, Queen’s University of Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG, and Marine Institute, Oranmore, County Galway, Ireland
| | - Lisa Connolly
- Institute of Agri-Food and Land Use, Queen’s University of Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG, and Marine Institute, Oranmore, County Galway, Ireland
| | - Christopher T. Elliott
- Institute of Agri-Food and Land Use, Queen’s University of Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG, and Marine Institute, Oranmore, County Galway, Ireland
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