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Pacheco BLB, Nogueira CP, Venancio EJ. IgY Antibodies from Birds: A Review on Affinity and Avidity. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3130. [PMID: 37835736 PMCID: PMC10571861 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IgY antibodies are found in the blood and yolk of eggs. Several studies show the feasibility of utilising IgY for immunotherapy and immunodiagnosis. These antibodies have been studied because they fulfil the current needs for reducing, replacing, and improving the use of animals. Affinity and avidity represent the strength of the antigen-antibody interaction and directly influence antibody action. The aim of this review was to examine the factors that influence the affinity and avidity of IgY antibodies and the methodologies used to determine these variables. In birds, there are few studies on the maturation of antibody affinity and avidity, and these studies suggest that the use of an adjuvant-type of antigen, the animal lineage, the number of immunisations, and the time interfered with the affinity and avidity of IgY antibodies. Regarding the methodologies, most studies use chaotropic agents to determine the avidity index. Studies involving the solution phase and equilibrium titration reactions are also described. These results demonstrate the need for the standardisation of methodologies for the determination of affinity and avidity so that further studies can be performed to optimise the production of high avidity IgY antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Parada Nogueira
- Scientific Initiation Programme, Animal Science Course, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil;
| | - Emerson José Venancio
- Department of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil
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2
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de Souza PC, Corrêa AEDN, Gameiro JG, de Oliveira Júnior AG, Panagio LA, Venancio EJ, Almeida RS. Production of IgY against iron permease Ftr1 from Candida albicans and evaluation of its antifungal activity using Galleria mellonella as a model of systemic infection. Microb Pathog 2023:106166. [PMID: 37290729 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is one of the leading pathological agents of mucosal and deep tissue infections. Considering that the variety of antifungals is restricted and that toxicity limits their use, immunotherapies against pathogenic fungi have been viewed as alternatives with reduced adverse effects. In this context, C. albicans has a protein used to capture iron from the environment and the host, known as the high-affinity iron permease Ftr1. This protein may be a new target of action for novel antifungal therapies, as it influences the virulence of this yeast. Thus, the aim of the present study was to produce and conduct the biological characterization of IgY antibodies against C. albicans Ftr1. Immunization of laying hens with an Ftr1-derived peptide resulted in IgY antibodies extracted from egg yolks capable of binding to the antigen with high affinity (avidity index = 66.6 ± 0.3%). These antibodies reduced the growth and even eliminated C. albicans under iron restriction, a favorable condition for the expression of Ftr1. This also occurred with a mutant strain that does not produce Ftr1 in the presence of iron, a circumstance in which the protein analog of iron permease, Ftr2, is expressed. Furthermore, the survival of G. mellonella larvae infected with C. albicans and treated with the antibodies was 90% higher than the control group, which did not receive treatment (p < 0.0001). Therefore, our data suggest that IgY antibodies against Ftr1 from C. albicans can inhibit yeast propagation by blocking iron uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Canteri de Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alana Elke do Nascimento Corrêa
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana Gutschow Gameiro
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Admilton Gonçalves de Oliveira Júnior
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luciano Aparecido Panagio
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Emerson José Venancio
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sergio Almeida
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil.
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3
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Synergistic activity between beta-lactams and igy antibodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. Mol Immunol 2022; 148:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Choraria A, Somasundaram R, Janani S, Rajendran S, Oukkache N, Michael A. Chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY)-based antivenom for neutralization of snake venoms: a review. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1942063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Choraria
- Department of Microbiology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - S. Janani
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, India
| | - Selvakumar Rajendran
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, India
| | - Naoual Oukkache
- Venoms and Toxins Laboratory, Institute Pasteur of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - A. Michael
- Department of Microbiology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India
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5
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Pereira EPV, van Tilburg MF, Florean EOPT, Guedes MIF. Egg yolk antibodies (IgY) and their applications in human and veterinary health: A review. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:293-303. [PMID: 31128529 PMCID: PMC7106195 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Egg yolk constitutes a relevant alternative source of antibodies. It presents some advantages over mammalian serum immunoglobulins regarding productivity, animal welfare and specificity. The main immunoglobulin present in avian blood (IgY) is transmitted to their offspring and accumulates in egg yolks, which enables the non-invasive harvesting of high amounts of antibodies. Moreover, due to structural differences and phylogenetic distance, IgY is more suitable for diagnostic purposes than mammalian antibodies, since it does not react with certain components of the human immune system and displays greater avidity for mammalian conserved proteins. IgY has been extensively used in health researches, as both therapeutic and diagnostic tool. This article aims to review its applications in both human and veterinary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P V Pereira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology - LBBM, Ceará State University, Brazil.
| | - M F van Tilburg
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology - LBBM, Ceará State University, Brazil
| | - E O P T Florean
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology - LBBM, Ceará State University, Brazil
| | - M I F Guedes
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology - LBBM, Ceará State University, Brazil
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6
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Leiva CL, Cangelosi A, Mariconda V, Farace M, Geoghegan P, Brero L, Fernández-Miyakawa M, Chacana P. IgY-based antivenom against Bothrops alternatus: Production and neutralization efficacy. Toxicon 2019; 163:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Sifi A, Adi-Bessalem S, Laraba-Djebari F. Development of a new approach of immunotherapy against scorpion envenoming: Avian IgYs an alternative to equine IgGs. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:256-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Production and application of anti-nucleoprotein IgY antibodies for influenza A virus detection in swine. J Immunol Methods 2018; 461:100-105. [PMID: 30158073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) causes an important respiratory disease in mammals and birds leading to concerns in animal production industry and public health. Usually, antibodies produced in mammals are employed in diagnostic tests. However, due to animal welfare concerns, technical advantages and the high cost of production, alternatives to the production of antibodies in mammals have been investigated. The aim of this study was to produce egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) in laying hens against a highly conserved protein (nucleoprotein- NP) of IAV and to evaluate the application of anti-NP IgY antibodies in virus detection by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Three laying hens of the White Leghorn line were inoculated seven times with a recombinant NP protein and their eggs collected seven days after the 3rd, 5th and 7th inoculations. Immunoglobulin Y antibodies were purified from egg yolk through precipitation with ammonium sulfate. The titers and specificity of the purified antibodies were determined by ELISA, western blotting, ICC and IHC. High levels of specific anti-NP antibodies were detected by ELISA after the 5th inoculation, reaching a peak after the 7th inoculation. The mean yield of total protein in yolk after the 7th inoculation was 13.5 mg/mL. The use of western blotting and ICC demonstrated that anti-NP IgY binds specifically to NP protein. Moreover, the use of anti-NP IgY antibody in ICC test revealed positive staining of MDCK cells infected with IAV of the three subtypes circulating in swine (H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2). However, no staining was observed in lung tissues through the IHC test. The data obtained showed that anti-NP IgY antibodies bound specifically to influenza virus NP protein, detecting the main virus subtypes circulating in swine, reinforcing their usefulness in the influenza diagnosis.
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9
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Borges IP, Silva MF, Santiago FM, de Faria LS, Júnior ÁF, da Silva RJ, Costa MS, de Freitas V, Yoneyama KAG, Ferro EAV, Lopes DS, Rodrigues RS, de Melo Rodrigues V. Antiparasitic effects induced by polyclonal IgY antibodies anti-phospholipase A2 from Bothrops pauloensis venom. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:333-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Eto SF, Fernandes DC, Moraes AC, Prado EJR, Baldassi AC, Manrique WG, Silva IC, Medeiros ASR, Belo MAA, Balbuena TS, Samara SI, Pizauro JM. Validation of IgY for the diagnosis of Streptococcus agalactiae-caused endocarditis and bacterial meningitis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 76:153-160. [PMID: 29501881 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (Sta), which belongs to Lancefield group B, causes sepsis, endocarditis and bacterial meningitis in human neonates and Nile tilapia. Because the pathophysiology of Sta infection is partially similar in both species, the identification of biomarkers for the diagnosis and study of this disease is of importance for human and animal health. Therefore, in the present study, we produced an immunoglobulin Y (IgY) by immunizing laying hens with Sta proteins and evaluated its ability to detect Sta in paraffinized tilapia brain and cardiac tissue by direct immunofluorescence (IMF) and indirect immunohistochemistry (IHC). The IgY produced was effective in the diagnosis of Sta infection in Nile tilapia, justifying the use of this species as a biomodel for the study of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas F Eto
- Department of Technology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 05, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Dayanne C Fernandes
- Department of Technology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 05, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry of Unesp, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ed Johnny R Prado
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Unesp, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda C Baldassi
- Department of Technology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 05, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ives C Silva
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Unesp, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marco A A Belo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Unesp, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago S Balbuena
- Department of Technology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 05, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samir I Samara
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Unesp, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João M Pizauro
- Department of Technology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 05, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry of Unesp, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Baudou FG, Litwin S, Lanari LC, Laskowicz RD, Damin CF, Chippaux JP, de Roodt AR. Antivenom against Crotalus durissus terrificus venom: Immunochemical reactivity and experimental neutralizing capacity. Toxicon 2017; 140:11-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Montini MPO, Fernandes EV, Ferraro ACNDS, Almeida MA, da Silva FC, Venancio EJ. Effects of inoculation route and dose on production and avidity of IgY antibodies. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1376036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pagliari Oliveira Montini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Experimental, Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Vignoto Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Experimental, Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brasil
| | | | - Mayara Alencar Almeida
- Programa de Iniciação Científica, Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brasil
| | - Fabiano Cardoso da Silva
- Programa de Iniciação Científica, Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brasil
| | - Emerson José Venancio
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brasil
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13
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da Rocha DG, Fernandez JH, de Almeida CMC, da Silva CL, Magnoli FC, da Silva OÉ, da Silva WD. Development of IgY antibodies against anti-snake toxins endowed with highly lethal neutralizing activity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:404-412. [PMID: 28595875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is a major neglected disease related to poverty in developing countries. Treatment involves the administration of a specific antivenom serum and auxiliary therapies, if necessary. The improvement of antibodies is of great importance for the technological advancement of antivenom therapy and to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this medical burden. In the present study, adult hens were immunized nine times with 20μg of B. arietans or C. d. terrificus venoms at three-week intervals between immunizations. Developing antibodies presented increasing avidity and affinity to antigenic toxin epitopes along immunization, attaining a plateau after the seventh immunization. Pooled egg yolk-purified IgY antivenom antibodies, subjected to in vitro-in vivo lethality assay using Swiss adult mice, exhibited potent venom lethal neutralizing activity. Taken together, chickens under the described immunization schedule were considered alternative candidates for antivenom production. Lower maintenance costs, a simple antibody manufacturing process and immunization suffering restrictions are additional advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gitirana da Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer (LBR), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Jorge Hernandez Fernandez
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos (LQFPP), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Costa de Almeida
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal (LSA), Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Letícia da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer (LBR), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Fábio Carlos Magnoli
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500 - São Paulo, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Osmair Élder da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500 - São Paulo, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Wilmar Dias da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500 - São Paulo, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil.
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Gao X, Zhang X, Lin L, Yao D, Sun J, Du X, Li X, Zhang Y. Passive Immune-Protection of Litopenaeus vannamei against Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infections with Anti-Vibrio Egg Yolk (IgY)-Encapsulated Feed. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E723. [PMID: 27196895 PMCID: PMC4881545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio spp. are major causes of mortality in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) which is lacking adaptive immunity. Passive immunization with a specific egg yolk antibody (IgY) is a potential method for the protection of shrimp against vibriosis. In this study, immune effects of the specific egg yolk powders (IgY) against both V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus on white shrimp were evaluated. The egg yolk powders against V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus for passive immunization of white shrimp were prepared, while a tube agglutination assay and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used for detection of IgY titer. Anti-Vibrio egg yolk was encapsulated by β-cyclodextrin, which could keep the activity of the antibody in the gastrointestinal tract of shrimp. The results showed that the anti-Vibrio egg powders had an inhibiting effect on V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus in vitro. Lower mortality of infected zoeae, mysis, and postlarva was observed in groups fed with anti-Vibrio egg powders, compared with those fed with normal egg powders. The bacterial load in postlarva fed with specific egg powders in seeding ponds was significantly lower than those fed with normal egg powders in seeding ponds. These results show that passive immunization by oral administration with specific egg yolk powders (IgY) may provide a valuable protection of vibrio infections in white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- College of Ocean, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Dongrui Yao
- Institute of Botany Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jingjing Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- College of Ocean, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Xuedi Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Xiumei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Fusco LS, Rodríguez JP, Teibler P, Maruñak S, Acosta O, Leiva L. New immunization protocol to produce crotalic antivenom combining Crotalus durissus terrificus venom and its PLA2. Biologicals 2014; 43:62-70. [PMID: 25453603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antivenoms are usually obtained by animal immunization with successive inoculations of increasing sublethal amounts of venom, which may impair the animal health. The high lethality of venom requires prolonged immunization plans with small amounts of venom. Thus, we propose an alternative plan that includes a pre-immunization of the animal with phospholipase A2, the main crotoxin component, which is responsible for the whole venom lethality. For comparison, three different immunization schemes were designed: high dose protocol (HDP; 0.5-27 mg of venom), low dose protocol (LDP; 0.1-7 mg of venom) and Mix protocol (MP; preimmunization 0.1-1.2 mg of crotalic PLA2, and then 4.5-8 mg of venom). Antibody titers were determined by ELISA, in blood plasma obtained from the marginal vein of the ear. The neutralizing ability of the different sera obtained by all protocols (HDS, LDS and MS) was tested against the most important pharmacological activities of whole venom: PLA2 activity, myotoxicity, thrombin like activity and lethality. MS showed the best neutralizing efficacy and at the same time, it was obtained by an immunization protocol that takes account of animal health care, since it requires low quantities of venoms in comparison to traditional protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Sebastián Fusco
- Laboratorio de investigación en Proteínas (LabInPro), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Av. Libertad 5470, Corrientes 3400, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2139, Corrientes 3400, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de investigación en Proteínas (LabInPro), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Av. Libertad 5470, Corrientes 3400, Argentina
| | - Pamela Teibler
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2139, Corrientes 3400, Argentina
| | - Silvana Maruñak
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2139, Corrientes 3400, Argentina
| | - Ofelia Acosta
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2139, Corrientes 3400, Argentina
| | - Laura Leiva
- Laboratorio de investigación en Proteínas (LabInPro), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Av. Libertad 5470, Corrientes 3400, Argentina.
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16
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León G, Herrera M, Segura Á, Villalta M, Vargas M, Gutiérrez JM. Pathogenic mechanisms underlying adverse reactions induced by intravenous administration of snake antivenoms. Toxicon 2013; 76:63-76. [PMID: 24055551 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Snake antivenoms are formulations of immunoglobulins, or immunoglobulin fragments, purified from the plasma of animals immunized with snake venoms. Their therapeutic success lies in their ability to mitigate the progress of toxic effects induced by snake venom components, when administered intravenously. However, due to diverse factors, such as deficient manufacturing practices, physicochemical characteristics of formulations, or inherent properties of heterologous immunoglobulins, antivenoms can induce undesirable adverse reactions. Based on the time lapse between antivenom administration and the onset of clinical manifestations, the World Health Organization has classified these adverse reactions as: 1 - Early reactions, if they occur within the first hours after antivenom infusion, or 2 - late reactions, when occurring between 5 and 20 days after treatment. While all late reactions are mediated by IgM or IgG antibodies raised in the patient against antivenom proteins, and the consequent formation of immune complexes, several mechanisms may be responsible for the early reactions, such as pyrogenic reactions, IgE-mediated reactions, or non IgE-mediated reactions. This work reviews the hypotheses that have been proposed to explain the mechanisms involved in these adverse reactions to antivenoms. The understanding of these pathogenic mechanisms is necessary for the development of safer products and for the improvement of snakebite envenomation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo León
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
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Pires CL, Rodrigues SD, Bristot D, Hessel Gaeta H, de Oliveira Toyama D, Ronald Lobo Farias W, Hikari Toyama M. Sulfated polysaccharide extracted of the green algae Caulerpa racemosa increase the enzymatic activity and paw edema induced by sPLA2 from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2013005000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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