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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:750-760. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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2
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Coelho GR, da Silva DL, Beraldo-Neto E, Vigerelli H, de Oliveira LA, Sciani JM, Pimenta DC. Neglected Venomous Animals and Toxins: Underrated Biotechnological Tools in Drug Development. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120851. [PMID: 34941689 PMCID: PMC8708286 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the vast repertoire of animal toxins and venoms selected by nature and evolution, mankind opted to devote its scientific attention—during the last century—to a restricted group of animals, leaving a myriad of toxic creatures aside. There are several underlying and justifiable reasons for this, which include dealing with the public health problems caused by envenoming by such animals. However, these studies became saturated and gave rise to a whole group of animals that become neglected regarding their venoms and secretions. This repertoire of unexplored toxins and venoms bears biotechnological potential, including the development of new technologies, therapeutic agents and diagnostic tools and must, therefore, be assessed. In this review, we will approach such topics through an interconnected historical and scientific perspective that will bring up the major discoveries and innovations in toxinology, achieved by researchers from the Butantan Institute and others, and describe some of the major research outcomes from the study of these neglected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Rabelo Coelho
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (G.R.C.); (D.L.d.S.); (E.B.-N.)
| | - Daiane Laise da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (G.R.C.); (D.L.d.S.); (E.B.-N.)
| | - Emidio Beraldo-Neto
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (G.R.C.); (D.L.d.S.); (E.B.-N.)
| | - Hugo Vigerelli
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Laudiceia Alves de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Moléstias Infecciosas—Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 01049-010, Brazil;
| | - Juliana Mozer Sciani
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Pesquisa, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, Brazil;
| | - Daniel Carvalho Pimenta
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (G.R.C.); (D.L.d.S.); (E.B.-N.)
- Correspondence:
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John LM, Dalsgaard CM, Jeppesen CB, Conde-Frieboes KW, Baumann K, Knudsen NPH, Skov PS, Wulff BS. In vitro prediction of in vivo pseudo-allergenic response via MRGPRX2. J Immunotoxicol 2021; 18:30-36. [PMID: 33570451 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2021.1877375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In development of peptide therapeutics, rodents are commonly-used preclinical models when screening compounds for efficacy endpoints in the early stages of discovery projects. During the screening process, some peptides administered subcutaneously to rodents caused injection site reactions manifesting as localized swelling. Screening by postmortem evaluations of injection site swelling as a marker for local subcutaneous histamine release, were conducted in rats to select drug candidates without this adverse effect. Histological analysis of skin samples revealed that the injection site reactions were concurrent with mast cell degranulation, resulting in histamine release. Mast cell activation can be mediated by MRGPRX2, a GPCR that induces a pseudo-allergenic immune response. The present study demonstrates that a commercially-available cell-based MRGPRX2 assay reliably identifies compounds that induce histamine release or localized edema in ex vivo human and rodent skin samples. In vitro screening was subsequently implemented using the MRGPRX2 assay as a substitute for postmortem injection site evaluation, thus achieving a significant reduction in animal use. Thus, in cases where injection site reactions are encountered during in vivo screening, to enable faster screening during the early drug discovery process, an MRGPRX2 in vitro assay can be used as an efficient, more ethical tool with human translational value for the development of safer pharmacotherapies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linu M John
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Per S Skov
- RefLab ApS, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Odense Research Center of Anaphylaxis, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Lameiras JLV, de Moura VM, Dias LC, Pessoa Júnior ER, Mallmann CSY, Costa AG, Lasmar ML, Nunez CV, da Costa OTF, Dos-Santos MC. Neutralization of the edema-forming and myotoxic activities of the venom of Potamotrygon motoro Müller and Henle, 1841 (Chondrichthyes – Potamotrygoninae) by antivenoms and circulating immunoglobulins. Toxicon 2020; 186:126-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Inflammatory Reaction Induced by Two Metalloproteinases Isolated from Bothrops atrox Venom and by Fragments Generated from the Hydrolysis of Basement Membrane Components. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020096. [PMID: 32024243 PMCID: PMC7076977 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) play an important role in local tissue damage of snakebite patients, mostly by hydrolysis of basement membrane (BM) components. We evaluated the proinflammatory activity of SVMPs Atroxlysin-Ia (ATXL) and Batroxrhagin (BATXH) from Bothrops atrox venom and their hydrolysis products of Matrigel. BALB/c mice were injected with SVMPs (2 μg), for assessment of paw edema and peritoneal leukocyte accumulation. Both SVMPs induced edema, representing an increase of ~70% of the paw size. Leukocyte infiltrates reached levels of 6 × 106 with ATXL and 5 × 106 with BATXH. TNF-α was identified in the supernatant of BATXH—or venom-stimulated MPAC cells. Incubation of Matrigel with the SVMPs generated fragments, including peptides from Laminin, identified by LC–MS/MS. The Matrigel hydrolysis peptides caused edema that increased 30% the paw size and promoted leukocyte accumulation (4–5 × 106) to the peritoneal cavity, significantly higher than Matrigel control peptides 1 and 4 h after injection. Our findings suggest that ATXL and BATXH are involved in the inflammatory reaction observed in B. atrox envenomings by direct action on inflammatory cells or by releasing proinflammatory peptides from BM proteins that may amplify the direct action of SVMPs through activation of endogenous signaling pathways.
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Nogueira KM, de Souza LKM, de Oliveira AP, Pacheco G, Iles B, Alencar MS, Nicolau LAD, Silva RO, da Nóbrega FR, Sousa DP, de Souza MHLP, Medeiros JVR. Efficacy of a phenol derivative, isopropyl vanillate, as an anti-inflammatory agent: A new small molecule inhibitor of COX and neutrophil migration. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:666-679. [PMID: 31112325 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the response of the body to noxious stimuli such as infections, trauma, or injury. Experimental studies have shown that vanillic acid has anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of the derivative of vanillic acid, isopropyl vanillate (ISP-VT), in mice. The results of this study indicated that ISP-VT reduced paw edema induced by carrageenan, dextran sulfate (DEX), compound 48/80, serotonin, bradykinin (BK), histamine (HIST), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Furthermore, ISP-VT reduced recruitment of leukocytes and neutrophils and reduced its adhesion and rolling, and decreased myeloperoxidase enzyme activity (MPO), cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6), and vascular permeability. ISP-VT also significantly reduced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in subplantar tissue of mice. ISP-VT inhibited COX-2 selectively compared to the standard drug. Our results showed that although ISP-VT binds to COX-1, it is less toxic than indomethacin, as evidenced by MPO analysis of gastric tissue. Treatment with the ISP-VT significantly reduced rectal temperature in yeast-induced hyperthermia in mice. Our results showed that the main mechanism ISP-VT-induced anti-inflammatory activity is by inhibition of COX-2. In conclusion, our results indicate that ISP-VT has potential as an anti-inflammatory and antipyretic therapeutic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerolayne M Nogueira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders-LAFIDG, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Luan K M de Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders-LAFIDG, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Ana P de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders-LAFIDG, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Pacheco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders-LAFIDG, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Bruno Iles
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders-LAFIDG, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Matheus S Alencar
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders-LAFIDG, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Lucas A D Nicolau
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Renan O Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Flávio R da Nóbrega
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Damião P Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Marcellus H L P de Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jand V R Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders-LAFIDG, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
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Lameiras JLV, Costa OTFD, Dos-Santos MC. Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes – Potamotrygoninae): biology, general features and envenomation. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1542406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Luiza Varjão Lameiras
- Programa Multi-institucional de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Oscar Tadeu Ferreira da Costa
- Laboratório de Microscopia Quantitativa, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Maria Cristina Dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
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Kimura LF, Santos-Neto M, Barbaro KC, Picolo G. Potamotrygon motoro stingray venom induces both neurogenic and inflammatory pain behavior in rodents. Toxicon 2018; 150:168-174. [PMID: 29803862 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater stingray accidents cause an immediate, intense, and unrelieved pain which is followed by edema, erythema and necrosis formation. Treatment for stingray envenomation is based on administration of analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Concerning pain control, it is prescribed to immerse punctured limb on hot water to alleviate pain. There are no studies demonstrating specific targets on which stingray venom acts to promote pain. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate some mechanisms of Potamotrygon motoro venom (PmV) that contribute to nociception induction. Evaluating spontaneous pain behavior in mice injected i.pl. with PmV, it was seen that PmV induced both neurogenic and inflammatory pain. PmV also induced hyperalgesia in both mice and rats, evaluated through electronic von Frey and rat paw pressure test, respectively. Partial inhibition of hyperalgesia was observed in mice treated with cromolyn or promethazine, which indicated that mast cell and histamine via H1 receptor participate in the inflammatory pain. To search for some targets involved in PmVinduced hyperalgesia, the participation of TRPV1, calcium channels, neurokinins, CGRP, and norepinephrine, was evaluated in rats. It was seen that PmV-induced hyperalgesia occurs with the participation of neurokinins, mainly via NK1 receptor, CGRP, and calcium influx, through both P/Q and L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels, besides TRPV1 activation. The data presented herein indicate that PmV causes hyperalgesia in rodents which is dependent on the participation of several neuroinflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Kimura
- Laboratório Especial de Dor e Sinalização, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas I, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Santos-Neto
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - K C Barbaro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - G Picolo
- Laboratório Especial de Dor e Sinalização, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Campolo M, Casili G, Biundo F, Crupi R, Cordaro M, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. The Neuroprotective Effect of Dimethyl Fumarate in an MPTP-Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease: Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species/Nuclear Factor-κB/Nuclear Transcription Factor Related to NF-E2. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:453-471. [PMID: 28006954 PMCID: PMC5564046 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Oxidative stress plays a key role in Parkinson disease (PD), and nuclear transcription factor related to NF-E2 (Nrf-2) is involved in neuroprotection against PD. The aim of the present study was to investigate a role for nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/Nrf-2 in the neurotherapeutic action of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in a mouse model of PD and in vitro in SHSY-5Y cells. RESULTS Daily oral gavage of DMF (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced neuronal cell degeneration of the dopaminergic tract and behavioral impairments induced by four injections of the dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Moreover, treatment with DMF prevented dopamine depletion, increased tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter activities, and also reduced the number of α-synuclein-positive neurons. Furthermore, DMF treatment upregulated the Nrf-2 pathway, increased NeuN+/Nrf-2+ cell number in the striatum, induced activation of manganese superoxide dismutase and heme oxygenase-1, and regulated glutathione levels. Moreover, DMF reduced interleukin 1 levels, cyclooxygenase 2 activity, and nitrotyrosine neuronal nitrite oxide synthase expression. This treatment also modulated microglia activation, restored nerve growth factor levels, and preserved microtubule-associated protein 2 alterations. The protective effects of DMF treatment, via Nrf-2, were confirmed in in vitro studies, through inhibition of Nrf-2 by trigonelline. INNOVATION These findings demonstrate that DMF, both in a mouse model of PD and in vitro, provides, via regulation of the NF-κB/Nrf-2 pathway, novel cytoprotective modalities that further augment the natural antioxidant response in neurodegenerative and inflammatory disease models. CONCLUSION These results support the thesis that DMF may constitute a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of PD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 453-471.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Campolo
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Flavia Biundo
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy .,2 Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
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Dos Santos JC, Grund LZ, Seibert CS, Marques EE, Soares AB, Quesniaux VF, Ryffel B, Lopes-Ferreira M, Lima C. Stingray venom activates IL-33 producing cardiomyocytes, but not mast cell, to promote acute neutrophil-mediated injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7912. [PMID: 28801624 PMCID: PMC5554156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of acute inflammation is neutrophil infiltration of tissues. We investigated molecular mechanisms implicated in acute neutrophilic inflammation induced by the venom of a freshwater stingray (Potamotrygon cf. henlei) in mice. Ray venom induced early mobilization of neutrophil in the microvasculature of cremaster mice and infiltration of the peritoneal cavity 2 hours after injury, in a dose-response manner. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and KC were produced. The neutrophilic infiltration did not occur in mice with ST2 receptor and MyD88 adapters neutralized, or in those with PI3K and p38 MAPK signaling blocked. Drastic reduction of neutrophil infiltration to peritoneal cavities was observed in ST2−/−, TLR2/TLR4−/−, MyD88−/−, TRIF−/− and IL-17A−/− mice, and a partial reduction was observed in IL-18R−/− mice. Mast cell Kit W(sh)/W(sh)-, AHR-, NLRP3-, ICE-, IL-1β-, P2RX7-, CD39-, IL-17RA-, and TBX21 KO mice retain the ability to induce neutrophilia in peritoneal cavity after ray venom injection. IL-6 and TNF-α alone were insufficient for promote neutrophilia in the absence of ST2 signaling. Finally, abundant production of IL-33 by cardiomyocytes was observed. These results refine our understanding of the importance of the IL-33/ST2 axis and IL-33-producing cardiomyocytes in the early acute neutrophilia induced by freshwater stingray venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lidiane Zito Grund
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology(CEPID/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Valerie F Quesniaux
- Allergy and Lung Inflammation Unit of the Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics (CNRS), Orléans, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Allergy and Lung Inflammation Unit of the Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics (CNRS), Orléans, France
| | - Monica Lopes-Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology(CEPID/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Lima
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology(CEPID/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Petrosino S, Campolo M, Impellizzeri D, Paterniti I, Allarà M, Gugliandolo E, D'Amico R, Siracusa R, Cordaro M, Esposito E, Di Marzo V, Cuzzocrea S. 2-Pentadecyl-2-Oxazoline, the Oxazoline of Pea, Modulates Carrageenan-Induced Acute Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:308. [PMID: 28611664 PMCID: PMC5448350 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) involve a family of lipid molecules existent in animal and plant, with N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) that arouses great attention owing to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and neuroprotective activities. Because PEA is produced on demand and exerts pleiotropic effects, the modulation of specific amidases for NAEs (and in particular NAE-hydrolyzing acid amidase NAAA, which is more selective for PEA) could be a condition to preserve its levels. Here we investigate the effect of 2-Pentadecyl-2-oxazoline (PEA-OXA) the oxazoline of PEA, on human recombinant NAAA in vitro and in an established model of Carrageenan (CAR)-induced rat paw inflammation. PEA-OXA dose-dependently significantly inhibited recombinant NAAA and, orally administered to rats (10 mg/kg), limiting histological damage, thermal hyperalgesia and the increase of infiltrating inflammatory cells after CAR injection in the rat right hindpaw, compared to ultramicronized PEA given orally at the same dose (10 mg/kg). These effects were accompanied by elevation of paw PEA levels. Moreover, PEA-OXA markedly reduced neutrophil infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine release and prevented CAR-induced IκB-α degradation, nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, the increase of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and mast cell activation. Experiments in PPAR-α knockout mice showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of PEA-OXA were not dependent on the presence of PPAR-α receptors. In conclusion, NAAA modulators as PEA-OXA could help to maximize the tissue availability of PEA by increasing its levels and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Petrosino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePozzuoli, Italy.,Epitech Group SpASaccolongo, Italy
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Marco Allarà
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePozzuoli, Italy.,Epitech Group SpASaccolongo, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePozzuoli, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
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12
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Lopes PH, Rocha MMT, Kuniyoshi AK, Portaro FCV, Gonçalves LRC. Edema and Nociception Induced by Philodryas patagoniensis Venom in Mice: A Pharmacological Evaluation with Implications for the Accident Treatment. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 361:349-354. [PMID: 28348058 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.239640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the mechanisms involved in the genesis of edema and nociception induced by Philodryas patagoniensis venom (PpV) injected into the footpad of mice. PpV induced dose-related edema and nociceptive effects. Pretreatment of mice with cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin), but not with cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor (celecoxib) markedly inhibited both effects. Pretreatments with H1 receptor antagonist (promethazine) or with dual histamine-serotonin inhibitor (cyproheptadine) failed in inhibiting both effects. In groups pretreated with captopril (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) the edema was unaltered, but nociception was clearly increased, suggesting the participation of kinins in the pathophysiology of the nociception but not of the edema-forming effect of PpV. When PpV was treated with EDTA, the nociception was similar to the one induced by untreated venom, but edema was markedly reduced. We concluded that PpV-induced edema and nociception have cyclooxygenase eicosanoids as the main mediators and no participation of vasoactive amines. Kinins seem to participate in nociception but not in edema induced by PpV. The results also suggest that metalloproteinases are the main compounds responsible for the edema, but not for the nociception induced by this venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Hess Lopes
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica (P.H.L., A.K.K., F.C.V.P.), Laboratório de Herpetologia/Venenos (M.M.T.R.), and Laboratório de Fisiopatologia (L.R.C.G.) Instituto Butantan, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa M T Rocha
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica (P.H.L., A.K.K., F.C.V.P.), Laboratório de Herpetologia/Venenos (M.M.T.R.), and Laboratório de Fisiopatologia (L.R.C.G.) Instituto Butantan, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Kazuo Kuniyoshi
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica (P.H.L., A.K.K., F.C.V.P.), Laboratório de Herpetologia/Venenos (M.M.T.R.), and Laboratório de Fisiopatologia (L.R.C.G.) Instituto Butantan, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Calheta Vieira Portaro
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica (P.H.L., A.K.K., F.C.V.P.), Laboratório de Herpetologia/Venenos (M.M.T.R.), and Laboratório de Fisiopatologia (L.R.C.G.) Instituto Butantan, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Roberto C Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica (P.H.L., A.K.K., F.C.V.P.), Laboratório de Herpetologia/Venenos (M.M.T.R.), and Laboratório de Fisiopatologia (L.R.C.G.) Instituto Butantan, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
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Involvement of mast cells and histamine in edema induced in mice by Scolopendra viridicornis centipede venom. Toxicon 2016; 121:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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