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Haque MF, El-Nashar HAS, Akbor MS, Alfaifi M, Bappi MH, Chowdhury AK, Hossain MK, El-Shazly M, Albayouk T, Saleh N, Islam MT. Anti-inflammatory activity of d-pinitol possibly through inhibiting COX-2 enzyme: in vivo and in silico studies. Front Chem 2024; 12:1366844. [PMID: 38690012 PMCID: PMC11058972 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1366844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: D-pinitol, a naturally occurring inositol, has diverse biological activities like antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. This study aimed to evaluate anti-inflammatory effect of d-pinitol in a chick model. Additionally, in silico studies were performed to evaluate the molecular interactions with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Methods: The tested groups received d-pinitol (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) and the standard drugs celecoxib and ketoprofen (42 mg/kg) via oral gavage prior to formalin injection. Then, the number of licks was counted for the first 10 min, and the paw edema diameter was measured at 60, 90, and 120 min. Results and Discussion: The d-pinitol groups significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the number of paw licks and paw edema diameters, compared to negative control. When d-pinitol was combined with celecoxib, it reduced inflammatory parameters more effectively than the individual groups. The in silico study showed a promising binding capacity of d-pinitol with COX-2. Taken together, d-pinitol exerted anti-inflammatory effects in a dose-dependent manner, possibly through COX-2 interaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst. Farjanamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Heba A. S. El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Md. Showkoth Akbor
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Alfaifi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehedi Hasan Bappi
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | | | - Muhammad Kamal Hossain
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagiong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tala Albayouk
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Na’il Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
- BioLuster Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Nedeljković N, Nikolić M, Čanović P, Zarić M, Živković Zarić R, Bošković J, Vesović M, Bradić J, Anđić M, Kočović A, Nikolić M, Jakovljević V, Vujić Z, Dobričić V. Synthesis, Characterization, and Investigation of Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Activities of Novel Thiourea Derivatives of Naproxen. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:1. [PMID: 38276479 PMCID: PMC10820527 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to synthesize seven novel thiourea derivatives of naproxen (8-14), examine the anti-inflammatory activity of the newly synthesized compounds, investigate the cytotoxic potential of both sets of synthesized compounds (1-7 and 8-14), and select the most promising anti-inflammatory and antitumor drug candidates. The results of the in vivo anti-inflammatory study clearly showed that compounds 8 and 9 were capable of decreasing paw edema, as evident from a high percentage of inhibition (44.83% and 49.29%, respectively). In addition, the results of in vitro enzyme inhibition assays demonstrated that neither of the newly synthesized compounds reached 50% inhibition of 5-LOX at concentrations lower than 100 µM. In terms of antitumor potential, derivatives 3 and 8 exhibited strong cytotoxic effects on the HeLa cell line, suggesting the involvement of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. According to the overall results obtained for both sets of synthesized molecules, derivatives 4 and 8 can be underlined as molecules with the strongest anti-inflammatory activity, while derivatives 3 and 8 are the most promising cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Nedeljković
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.N.); (M.V.); (J.B.); (M.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Miloš Nikolić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.N.); (M.V.); (J.B.); (M.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Petar Čanović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Milan Zarić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Radica Živković Zarić
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Jelena Bošković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.B.); (Z.V.); (V.D.)
| | - Marina Vesović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.N.); (M.V.); (J.B.); (M.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Jovana Bradić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.N.); (M.V.); (J.B.); (M.A.); (A.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.N.); (V.J.)
| | - Marijana Anđić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.N.); (M.V.); (J.B.); (M.A.); (A.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.N.); (V.J.)
| | - Aleksandar Kočović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.N.); (M.V.); (J.B.); (M.A.); (A.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.N.); (V.J.)
| | - Marina Nikolić
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.N.); (V.J.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljević
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.N.); (V.J.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, First Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zorica Vujić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.B.); (Z.V.); (V.D.)
| | - Vladimir Dobričić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.B.); (Z.V.); (V.D.)
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Arega M, Nardos A, Debella A, Dereje B, Terefe L, Abebe A. Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Methanol Extracts of Premna schimperi Engl (Lamiaceae) Leaves in Rats. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:437-447. [PMID: 38026230 PMCID: PMC10657193 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s432615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Even though it is a protective reaction, inflammation continues to be one of the most challenging medical disorders. The current conventional anti-inflammatory drugs have many undesirable health effects and are in need of newer drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of an aqueous methanol crude extract of Premna schimperi leaves. Methods Premna schimperi leaf was extracted with 80% methanol and concentrated; the concentrated extract was used to evaluate the acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory effects. For the acute toxicity study, a single dose of Premna schimperi extract at a dose of 2000 mg/kg was administered and observed for 14 days. Acute, sub-acute, and chronic anti-inflammatory models were employed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract compared to the standard drug. Data were analyzed with SPSS V. 27, and the significance was established with a one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey's test. Results Acute oral toxicity testing at a dose of 2000 mg/kg did not show any sign of toxicity. According to the phytochemical study, the plants contained flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, steroids, phenolics, and anthraquinones. The extract doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg of extracts effectively (p<0.001) reduced paw edema in the acute and sub-acute models of inflammation. When compared to the negative control group, all tested doses in the chronic model significantly (p<0.05) decreased the production of exudates and the amount of granuloma tissue. Conclusion Premna schimperi displayed significant anti-inflammatory activity. The tested doses inhibit the formation of edema, granulomas, and exudates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melese Arega
- Department of Pharmacy, Pawi Health Sciences College, Pawi, Ethiopia
| | - Aschalew Nardos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Asfaw Debella
- Department of Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Beyene Dereje
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Lidet Terefe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Abiy Abebe
- Department of Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Özdemir S, Üner B, Karaküçük A, Çelik B, Sümer E, Taş Ç. Nanoemulsions as a Promising Carrier for Topical Delivery of Etodolac: Formulation Development and Characterization. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2510. [PMID: 37896270 PMCID: PMC10610052 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This research primarily focuses on the development of innovative topical nanoemulsions for etodolac, aimed at surmounting its inherent limitations. The preparation of etodolac nanoemulsions is accomplished through a combination of high shear homogenization and ultrasonication methods. The optimization of the formulation components is systematically conducted using the design of experiments methodology. The droplet size (DS), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP) of the optimized formulation were assessed using the differential light scattering (DLS) technique. Surface morphology examinations were conducted using electron microscopy, while interactions between excipients and the drug were analyzed through FTIR analysis. Additionally, in vitro release and ex vivo permeability studies were carried out. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in the context of a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. The DS, PDI, and ZP of the optimal formulation were 163.5 nm, 0.141, and -33.1 mV, respectively. The in vitro release profile was assessed as a sustained release by following a non-Fickian drug transport. The flux of etodolac nanoemulsions and coarse dispersions were 165.7 ± 11.7 µg/cm2 h and 59.7 ± 15.2 µg/cm2 h, respectively. Enhanced edema inhibition was observed at 13.4%, 36.5%, and 50.65% for the 6th, 8th, and 24th hours, respectively. Taken together, these results confirmed that nanoemulsions are promising carriers for the topical delivery of etodolac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samet Özdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Health and Technology University, 34445 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Üner
- Department of Administrative and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Health Science and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Alptuğ Karaküçük
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara Medipol University, 06050 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Burak Çelik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Engin Sümer
- Experimental Research Center (YUDETAM), Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Çetin Taş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey;
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5
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Arangia A, Ragno A, Cordaro M, D’Amico R, Siracusa R, Fusco R, Marino Merlo F, Smeriglio A, Impellizzeri D, Cuzzocrea S, Mandalari G, Di Paola R. Antioxidant Activity of a Sicilian Almond Skin Extract Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12115. [PMID: 37569490 PMCID: PMC10418603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Almond skins are known for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, which are mainly due to the presence of polyphenols. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of almond skin extract (ASE) obtained from the Sicilian cultivar "Fascionello" and to evaluate the possible mechanisms of action using an in vitro model of human monocytic U937 cells as well as an in vivo model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced paw edema. The in vitro studies demonstrated that pretreatment with ASE inhibited the formation of ROS and apoptosis. The in vivo studies showed that ASE restored the CAR-induced tissue changes; restored the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione; and decreased neutrophil infiltration, lipid peroxidation, and the release of proinflammatory mediators. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ASE could be associated with the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory nuclear NF-κB and the activation of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant pathways. In conclusion, almond skin could reduce the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress and could be beneficial in the treatment of several disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Arangia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.)
| | - Agnese Ragno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.)
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.)
| | - Francesca Marino Merlo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.)
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.)
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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6
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Interdonato L, Ferrario G, Cordaro M, D'Amico R, Siracusa R, Fusco R, Impellizzeri D, Cuzzocrea S, Aldini G, Di Paola R. Targeting Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Inflammatory Pain: The Role of Polyphenols from Thinned Apples. Molecules 2023; 28:5376. [PMID: 37513248 PMCID: PMC10385557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet can modulate the different stages of inflammation due to the presence of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. Apples are a great source of phenolic compounds that show anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and these might be used as a dietary supplement and/or functional element in the treatment of chronic inflammatory illnesses. The aim of our study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions of thinned apple polyphenol (TAP) extracts in a model of paw edema. The experimental model was induced in rats via subplantar injections of 1% λ-Carrageenan (CAR) in the right hind leg, and TAP extract was administered via oral gavage 30 min before and 1 h after the CAR injection at doses of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively. The inflammatory response is usually quantified by the increase in the size of the paw (edema), which is maximal about 5 h after the injection of CAR. CAR-induced inflammation generates the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the inflammatory state induces the pain that involves the peripheral nociceptors, but above all it acts centrally at the level of the spinal cord. Our results showed that the TAP extracts reduced paw histological changes, neutrophil infiltration, mast cell degranulation, and oxidative stress. Additionally, the oral administration of TAP extracts decreased thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, along with a reduction in spinal microglia and the markers of nociception. In conclusion, we demonstrate that TAP extract is able to modulate inflammatory, oxidative, and painful processes, and is also useful in the treatment of the symptoms associated with paw edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrario
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Nedeljković N, Dobričić V, Bošković J, Vesović M, Bradić J, Anđić M, Kočović A, Jeremić N, Novaković J, Jakovljević V, Vujić Z, Nikolić M. Synthesis and Investigation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of New Thiourea Derivatives of Naproxen. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050666. [PMID: 37242450 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was a synthesis and investigation of the dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of new thiourea derivatives of naproxen with selected aromatic amines and esters of aromatic amino acids. The results of the in vivo study indicate that derivatives of m-anisidine (4) and N-methyl tryptophan methyl ester (7) showed the most potent anti-inflammatory activity four hours after injection of carrageenan, with the percentage of inhibition of 54.01% and 54.12%, respectively. In vitro assays of COX-2 inhibition demonstrated that none of the tested compounds achieved 50% inhibition at concentrations lower than 100 µM. On the other hand, the aromatic amine derivatives (1-5) accomplished significant inhibition of 5-LOX, and the lowest IC50 value was observed for compound 4 (0.30 μM). High anti-edematous activity of compound 4 in the rat paw edema model, together with potent inhibition of 5-LOX, highlight this compound as a promising anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Nedeljković
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Dobričić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Bošković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Vesović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Bradić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marijana Anđić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Kočović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Jeremić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya 8/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jovana Novaković
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljević
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya 8/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zorica Vujić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Nikolić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Mousa TH, Abed SA, Alkhafaji SL. Molecular Docking and Study of the Anti-inflammatory Effect of Triterpene and Diarylheptanoid Isolated from Pellacalyx axillaris. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:19-25. [PMID: 36330619 DOI: 10.2174/1871526523666221103145920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a group of drugs widely used around the world for their analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effect, but still have many limitations due to their side effects. So, these lead to the development of a new approach to search for a new product from natural plants that have similar therapeutic effects without common side effects like gastrointestinal ulcers. METHODS The anti-inflammatory effect of β-amyrin palmitate (1) as triterpene and 1,7-bis (4- hydroxyphenyl) hept-4-en-3-one (2) as diarylheptanoid, isolated from Pellacalyx axillaris was studied by molecular docking to find the probability of binding position and binding strength of new compounds with particular Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PDB ID: 1CX2). In vivo acute anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated compounds (1 and 2) was evaluated in rats using the egg-white induced edema model of inflammation in a dose correspondent to 3 mg/Kg of Diclofenac Sodium. RESULTS The tested isolated compounds showed a high activity to inhibit the swelling in paw edema and their anti-inflammatory effect began shortly after the injection of the egg white and continued to the end of the experiment in comparison to the reference and control. CONCLUSION The isolated compounds show a rapid onset of action and a very potent effect, this may be related to their suitable acidity and may have perfect hydrophilic -lipophilic balance. This is the first study of anti-inflammatory effect using Paw edema model and molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Hussein Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
| | - Salam Ahmed Abed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq.,Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Kerbala, Iraq
| | - Sura Latif Alkhafaji
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
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9
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Rahmawati L, Park SH, Kim DS, Lee HP, Aziz N, Lee CY, Kim SA, Jang SG, Kim DS, Cho JY. Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Ethanol Extract of Prasiola japonica, an Edible Freshwater Green Algae, and Its Various Solvent Fractions in LPS-Induced Macrophages and Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema via the AP-1 Pathway. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010194. [PMID: 35011425 PMCID: PMC8746635 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prasiola japonica possesses several biological activities. However, reports on the anti-inflammatory activities and molecular mechanisms of its different solvent fractions remain limited. In this study, we investigated the potential anti-inflammatory activities of P. japonica ethanol extract (Pj-EE) and four solvent fractions of Pj-EE made with hexane (Pj-EE-HF), chloroform (Pj-EE-CF), butanol (Pj-EE-BF), or water (Pj-EE-WF) in both in vitro (LPS-induced macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells) and in vivo (carrageenan-induced acute paw edema mouse models) experiments. The most active solvent fraction was selected for further analysis. Various in vitro and in vivo assessments, including nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, luciferase assays, real-time polymerase chain reactions, and immunoblotting analyses were performed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms. In addition, the phytochemical constituents were characterized by Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In in vitro studies, the highest inhibition of NO production was observed in Pj-EE-CF. Further examination revealed that Pj-EE-CF decreased the expression of inflammation-related cytokines in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and suppressed subsequent AP-1-luciferase activity by inhibition of phosphorylation events in the AP-1 signaling pathway. Pj-EE-CF treatment also demonstrated the strongest reduction in thickness and volume of carrageenan-induced paw edema, while Pj-EE-BF showed the lowest activity. Furthermore, Pj-EE-CF also reduced gene expression and cytokines production in tissue lysates of carrageenan-induced paw edema. These findings support and validate the evidence that Pj-EE, and especially Pj-EE-CF, could be a good natural source for an anti-inflammatory agent that targets the AP1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laily Rahmawati
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (L.R.); (D.S.K.); (H.P.L.); (N.A.); (C.Y.L.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Dong Seon Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (L.R.); (D.S.K.); (H.P.L.); (N.A.); (C.Y.L.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Hwa Pyoung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (L.R.); (D.S.K.); (H.P.L.); (N.A.); (C.Y.L.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Nur Aziz
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (L.R.); (D.S.K.); (H.P.L.); (N.A.); (C.Y.L.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Chae Young Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (L.R.); (D.S.K.); (H.P.L.); (N.A.); (C.Y.L.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Seung A Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (L.R.); (D.S.K.); (H.P.L.); (N.A.); (C.Y.L.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Seok Gu Jang
- Research and Business Foundation, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Dong Sam Kim
- Research and Business Foundation, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.S.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-33-570-4427 (D.S.K.); +82-31-290-7876 (J.Y.C.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (L.R.); (D.S.K.); (H.P.L.); (N.A.); (C.Y.L.); (S.A.K.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-33-570-4427 (D.S.K.); +82-31-290-7876 (J.Y.C.)
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10
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Semis HS, Gur C, Ileriturk M, Kaynar O, Kandemir FM. Investigation of the anti-inflammatory effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in a model of λ-Carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S721-S738. [PMID: 34789018 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211054436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, it is aimed to evaluate the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) against acute paw inflammation induced by carragenan (Carr) at macro and micro levels. Therefore, in this study, 1 hour after administering intraperitoneal of indomethacin (Ind) or CAPE (10 and 30 mg/kg body weight) to Sprague Dawley rats, Carr was injected intraplantarly into their right paws. The paw volumes of the rats were measured with a plethysmometer until the 4th hour. Also, X-ray and thermal camera images were taken to determine edema and temperature changes. At the end of the study, after the paw tissues and serums were taken, oxidative stress and inflammation status were determined using biochemical, molecular, and western blot techniques. In addition, lipid and protein profiles in paw tissue were determined using HPTLC and electrophoresis methods. The results depicted that a high dose of CAPE against Carr-induced inflammation may be almost as effective as Ind used as reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Sezgin Semis
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Private Buhara Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Cihan Gur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 37503Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ileriturk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 37503Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kaynar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 187466Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 37503Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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11
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Gaballah A, Genedy D, Ghayaty E, El-Hawwary AA, Elmasry A. Standardized study of atorvastatin possible osteoarthritis disease-modifying effect in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 36:296-305. [PMID: 34612533 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the osteoarthritis (OA)-modifying effects of atorvastatin in an experimental OA rat model and possible underlining mechanisms. We used 62 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g): 32 rats were used to assess the effects of atorvastatin on surgically induced OA in the knee, and 30 rats were used to assess the potential inflammatory effects of carrageenan-induced paw edema. In the OA model, joint stiffness was assessed by measuring the knee extension angle, and pathological changes in the OA knee joint were determined by histological examination and the measurement of serum biochemical markers, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), and reduced glutathione (GSH). In the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, both paw thickness and pain threshold were assessed in different groups. Atorvastatin significantly improved joint stiffness, pathological changes, a significant mitigation of the higher MMP-13 and IL-1β, and a significant increase of reduced GSH in OA rats. Additionally, atorvastatin significantly improved both paw thickness and pain threshold in animals. Atorvastatin is a potential OA-modifying drug that warrants further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gaballah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Doaa Genedy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Essam Ghayaty
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amany A El-Hawwary
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahlam Elmasry
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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12
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Ferreira LEN, Abdalla HB, da Costa JP, de Freitas Domingues JS, Burga-Sánchez J, Groppo FC, Volpato MC. Effects of 2-Hydroxypropil-Β-Cyclodextrin-Lidocaine on Tumor Growth and Inflammatory Response. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 17:588-598. [PMID: 32394838 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200512101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of lidocaine have been reported in tumor cells. However, the use of these drugs is restricted due to their short action with rapid dispersion from the injected site. The complexation of local anesthetics in 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) is able to improve pharmacological features. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the antitumor effects of lidocaine and the complex HP-β-CD-lidocaine (HP-β-CD-lido). METHODS In vitro;, human adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and keratinocytes (HaCaT) were exposed to lidocaine formulations and cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis induction were measured. In vivo;, Walker 256 carcinoma cells were subcutaneously injected into the plantar region of the rat right hind paw. The animals were treated with a local application of 5% lidocaine or 5% HP-β-CD-lido. Doxorubicin (3 mg/Kg/day, intraperitoneal) was used as a positive control. Edema sizes were measured daily and the release of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1α and CXCL-1) and prostaglandin E2 was evaluated. Histological analysis was also performed. RESULTS HaCaT IG50 values were 846 μM and 2253 μM for lido and HP-β-CD-lido, respectively. In HeLa cells, the IG50 was 1765 μM for lido and 2044 μM for HP-β-CD-lido. Lidocaine formulations significantly reduced the paw edema on day 6 after Walker 256 cells inoculation. However, there were no differences in the release of inflammatory mediators in comparison to the control group. CONCLUSION Lidocaine formulations were able to reduce the edema in vivo;, without affecting the tumor- induced inflammatory response. The antiproliferative effects of lidocaine formulations may have contributed to tumor reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jéssica Pereira da Costa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Jonny Burga-Sánchez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Francisco Carlos Groppo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Volpato
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Da Fonseca AG, Fernandes Ribeiro Dantas LLDS, Rodrigues JP, Alencar Filho MPDC, De Melo Rêgo MJB, Da Rocha Pitta MG, De Moraes Gomes PAT, De Melo Silva VG, Lima Leite AC, Furtado AA, Fernandes Pedrosa MDF, Gavioli EC, Moura Lemos TMA. PA-Int5: An isatin-thiosemicarbazone derivative that exhibits anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in Swiss mice. Biomed Rep 2021; 15:61. [PMID: 34094537 PMCID: PMC8165752 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain and inflammation are symptoms of various diseases, and they can be modulated by different pathways, thus highlighting the importance of investigating the therapeutic effects of novel compounds. Previous studies have shown that isatin-thiosemicarbazone exhibits antitumor, antifungal antibacterial and other biological properties. Based on the wide range of biological effects of these compounds, the aim of the present study was to investigate the central nervous system (CNS) performance, and the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of (Z)-2-(5-nitro-2-oxoindolin-3-ilidene)-N-hydroazinecarbothioamide (PA-Int5) in treated mice. Three doses of PA-Int5 were tested orally (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) in the nociceptive and inflammatory animal models. Additionally, the potential sedative effects of PA-Int5 (5 mg/kg, oral gavage) were investigated using an open field and rotarod tests, to exclude any possible unspecific effects of the nociceptive assays. Anti-nociceptive activity was assessed using the acetic acid-induced abdominal contortion and formalin tests, whereas anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using a carrageenan-induced paw edema and zymosan-induced air-pouch models. PA-Int5 (5 mg/kg) induced anti-nociceptive activity in the abdominal contortion model. In the formalin test, PA-Int5 (at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) reduced nociception in the second phase. At the higher dose tested, PA-Int5 did not affect spontaneous locomotion or motor coordination. The data revealed that at all doses tested, the compound significantly reduced paw edema following carrageenan administration. In the zymosan-induced air-pouch model, PA-Int5 potently inhibited leukocyte migration and protein levels at the site of inflammation. When combined, the results revealed, for the first time, that PA-Int5 exhibited anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, and highlights its potential, as well that of other derivatives, as novel candidates for pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldilane Gonçalves Da Fonseca
- Research Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Luzia Leiros De Sena Fernandes Ribeiro Dantas
- Research Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Joquebede Pereira Rodrigues
- Research Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Marco Polo Da Costa Alencar Filho
- Research Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59012-570, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco 50740-521, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elaine Cristina Gavioli
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Campus Universitário UFRN, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59064-741, Brazil
| | - Telma Maria Araújo Moura Lemos
- Research Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59012-570, Brazil
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14
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Boufadi MY, Soubhye J, Van Antwerpen P. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects, and bioaccessibility of Tigzirt propolis. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13663. [PMID: 33605470 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of Tigzirt propolis native to Algeria. We divided 48 male Wistar rats into 8 groups. We orally administered ethyl acetate extract of propolis (EAP), pure polyphenols compounds, or diclofenac 5 days before induction of inflammation by of carrageenan (100 μg/ml, i.p.). We determined the development of paw edema, biological parameters, myeloperoxidase activity, TNF-α, and prostaglandin E2 and measured the oxidative status parameters, as well. Finally, we analyzed the absorption and bioaccessibility of propolis in rats' plasma using GC-MS after orally dosing rats (250 mg/kg). The pretreatment by 200 and 250 mg/kg of propolis significantly reduced the edema rates after the third hour. Propolis can restore the disruption of homeostasis as well as markers of inflammation induced by carrageenan in Wistar rats, and an increase of the enzymatic activities. Furthermore, the inflammation was better resolved in rats that received propolis than in those treated with pure polyphenols. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Propolis is a natural mixture that bees produce by mixing gathered resin and gums to bee saliva and wax. Our research investigated the effect of Tigzirt propolis on the inhibition of biomarkers of inflammation and the development of paw edema. Propolis extract helped to reduce PGE2, TNF-α, myeloperoxidase, and malondialdehyde levels and increase the total antioxidant levels in plasma. Our findings emphasized the use of phenolic extract of propolis in industries such as nutraceuticals for the prevention of inflammatory diseases. It can also protect the body against damage under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhtaria Yasmina Boufadi
- Laboratory of Beneficial Microorganisms, Functional Food and Health (LMBAFS), Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University, Mostaganem, Algeria.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jalal Soubhye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Drishya S, Dhanisha SS, Guruvayoorappan C. Anti-Inflammatory Potential Exhibited by Amomum subulatum Fruits Mitigates Experimentally Induced Acute and Chronic Inflammation in Mice: Evaluation of Antioxidant Parameters, Pro-Inflammatory Mediators and HO-1 Pathway. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 40:551-561. [PMID: 33399519 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1806139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conventional anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with serious adverse effects which bring about an ever-increasing demand to supersede them with natural and safe anti-inflammatory agents. Hence, the prime objective of this study was to evaluate the anti- inflammatory potential of an underutilized culinary spice "Amomum subulatum". METHODS To assess anti-inflammatory activity of MEAS, acute and chronic inflammation studies were carried out in carrageenan and formalin induced mice paw edema models respectively. Paw volume was measured by vernier caliper. Status of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress markers were determined in paw tissue homogenates following standard protocols. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry analysis of paw tissue samples were also performed. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines in serum were quantified by ELISA. Effect of MEAS on vascular permeability was evaluated by evans blue dye extravasation assay. Involvement of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 pathway in anti-inflammatory action of MEAS was investigated by pretreating mice with zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) IX, a specific inhibitor of HO-1. RESULTS MEAS administration significantly reduced paw edema, as evidenced by paw volume measurement and histopathology analysis. Additionally, pretreatment with MEAS markedly reduced vascular permeability, serum proinflammatory cytokine levels, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Further, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of MEAS showed the involvement of HO-1 pathway when HO-1 was inhibited by ZnPPIX. CONCLUSION Our results manifested strong anti-inflammatory activity of MEAS, suggesting its potential use as a therapeutic alternative for treating inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarsanan Drishya
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, India (Research Centre, University of Kerala)
| | - Suresh Sulekha Dhanisha
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, India (Research Centre, University of Kerala)
| | - Chandrashekharan Guruvayoorappan
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, India (Research Centre, University of Kerala)
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Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Fusco R, D’Amico R, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Genovese T, Scuto M, Crupi R, Mandalari G, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R, Impellizzeri D. Cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts Counteract Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in an Acute Experimental Model of Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080660. [PMID: 32722199 PMCID: PMC7465066 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anacardium occidentale L. is a medicinal plant with powerful anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Acute inflammatory events cause tissue alterations, decrease of anti-oxidative endogenous enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione, neutrophils infiltration, increase in the activities of myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, and pro-inflammatory release. Methods: Paw edema was induced by subplantar injection of carrageenan into the right hind paw in rats, but 30 min before a group of animals were orally treated with 100 mg/kg of cashew nuts to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative response. Results: In the present work, we found that (1) cashew nuts reduced the development of carrageenan-induced paw edema limiting the formation of edema and pain; (2) cashew nuts ameliorated the diminutions of the anti-oxidative enzymes caused by carrageenan injection; (3) cashew nuts decreased myeloperoxidase malondialdehyde activity induced by carrageenan; and (4) cashew nuts acted by blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines response and nitrate/nitrite formation stimulated by carrageenan injection. Conclusions: The mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects exerted by cashew nuts were relevant to oxygen free radical scavenging, anti-lipid peroxidation, and inhibition of the formation of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (R.D.P.); Tel.: +39-090-6765-208 (S.C. & R.D.P.)
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (R.D.P.); Tel.: +39-090-6765-208 (S.C. & R.D.P.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
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Aziz TA, Kareem AA, Othman HH, Ahmed ZA. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Different Doses of Aliskiren in Rat Models of Inflammation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:2841-2851. [PMID: 32764883 PMCID: PMC7381093 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s255607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of different doses of aliskiren in two animal models of inflammation. METHODOLOGY Sixty-six Wistar rats were allocated into five groups: the first group (six rats) was treated with the vehicle only, without induction of paw edema and granulomatous inflammation, and served as a negative control; the second group (12 rats) was allocated into two subgroups and treated with the vehicle only, with induction of paw edema and granulomatous inflammation, and served as a positive control; the third group (36 rats) was allocated into six subgroups and treated with different doses of aliskiren (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg) in both models; the fourth group (12 rats) was treated with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) in both models of inflammation. Serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. Skin samples were also sent for histopathological examination. RESULTS Aliskiren, in a dose-dependent pattern, significantly decreased inflammation in rat models of inflammation, by attenuating the percentage of exudate, granuloma, and paw edema. Furthermore, it significantly reduced serum concentrations of TNF-α, VCAM-1, and hs-CRP and restored the serum concentration of IL-10. Additionally, significant improvement was seen in the histopathological findings. CONCLUSION In the current study, aliskiren was successful in decreasing inflammation in both models. These findings suggest that aliskiren is a good candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tavga Ahmed Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Azad Kareem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Hemn Hassan Othman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Zheen Aorahman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Lombardo GE, Cirmi S, Musumeci L, Pergolizzi S, Maugeri A, Russo C, Mannucci C, Calapai G, Navarra M. Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Bergamot Essential Oil and Its Antinociceptive Effects. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9060704. [PMID: 32492797 PMCID: PMC7356015 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Renewed interest in natural products as potential source of drugs led us to investigate on both the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity of Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau (bergamot) essential oil (BEO). Carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats was used as an experimental model of inflammation. Because of the toxicity of furocoumarins, we performed our study by using the BEO fraction deprived of these compounds (BEO-FF). Treatment with BEO-FF led to a significant inhibition of paw edema induced by a sub-plantar injection of carrageenan. Moreover, histological examination of BEO-FF-treated rat paw biopsies showed a reduction of pathological changes typical of edema. Pre-treatment with BEO-FF significantly reduced interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in the paw homogenates, as well as nitrite/nitrate and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) content in exudates. In addition, BEO-FF possesses antioxidant properties, as determined by cell-free assays. Furthermore, results of the writhing test showed that BEO-FF elicited a pronounced analgesic response, as demonstrated by a significant inhibition of constrictions in mice receiving acetic acid, with respect to control animals, whereas the results of the hot plate test suggested that the supra-spinal analgesia participates in the anti-nociceptive effect of BEO-FF. Our study indicates that BEO-FF exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects, and suggests its potential role as an anti-edemigen and analgesic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Enrico Lombardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.E.L.); (S.C.); (L.M.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Santa Cirmi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.E.L.); (S.C.); (L.M.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Laura Musumeci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.E.L.); (S.C.); (L.M.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (C.R.)
- Fondazione “Prof. Antonio Imbesi”, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Pergolizzi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.E.L.); (S.C.); (L.M.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Alessandro Maugeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.E.L.); (S.C.); (L.M.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Caterina Russo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.E.L.); (S.C.); (L.M.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (C.R.)
- Fondazione “Prof. Antonio Imbesi”, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (C.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (C.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.E.L.); (S.C.); (L.M.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-676-6431
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Salem HF, Nafady MM, Kharshoum RM, Abd el-Ghafar OA, Farouk HO. Novel Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy of Dapoxetine HCl by Nano-Vesicle Transdermal Gel for Treatment of Carrageenan-Induced Rat Paw Edema. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:113. [PMID: 32291553 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this was to develop a well-balanced, replaceable, and patient non-infringing innovative transdermal drug delivery system "nano-vesicle transdermal gel" (NVTG) approaches for inhibiting inflammation. To consummate this objective, we developed a skin permeation nanogel system containing surface active agent along with ethanol. Carbopol 971p, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K15M), and chitosan were used to fabricate the nanogels. The nanogel system was evaluated for pH, content uniformity, spreadability, rheological studies, in vitro skin permeation, and drug release. Carbapol 971p with the desired in vitro skin permeation was utilized to investigate skin irritation test and effects on inflammation using acute inflammatory paw edema models. Moreover, in vivo pharmacokinetic study was assessed. pH of this nanogels was found within the range of 6.1-7.2, whereas the viscosity was found 310.13 to 6361 cps. The ex vivo skin permeation gels showed permeation flux range, 5.9 ± 0.80 to 17.92 ± 1.13 μg/cm2 h. The highest permeation flux (17.92 ± 1.13 μg/cm2 h) was observed, which was 3.14-folds higher than that of the plain DH gel (10.72 ± 0.84 μg/cm2 h. Additionally, from toxicological study, no obvious signs of toxicity such as skin irritation (of laboratory rats) were identified. The in vivo anti-inflammatory behavior in carrageenan-induced rats showed comparatively higher inhibition of rat paw edema swelling by the prepared nanogel compared to that of the plain DH gel and marketed ibuprofen over 6 h. The amount of drug accumulated in the skin after topical application was much higher than oral application. In conclusion, developed NVTG formulation loaded with dapoxetine HCl (DH) offers new opportunities for creating novel therapeutic modality for inflammation patients with fewer adverse effects.
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Silva P, de Almeida M, Silva J, Albino S, Espírito-Santo R, Lima M, Villarreal C, Moura R, Santos V. (E)-2-Cyano-3-(1 H-Indol-3-yl)-N-Phenylacrylamide, a Hybrid Compound Derived from Indomethacin and Paracetamol: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2591. [PMID: 32276463 PMCID: PMC7177726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The compound (E)-2-cyano-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-phenylacrylamide (ICMD-01) was designed and developed based on the structures of clinically relevant drugs indomethacin and paracetamol through the molecular hybridization strategy. This derivative was obtained by an amidation reaction between substituted anilines and ethyl 2-cyanoacetate followed by a Knoevenagel-type condensation reaction with indole aldehyde that resulted in both a viable synthesis and satisfactory yield. In order to assess the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity, in vitro assays were performed in J774 macrophages, and significant inhibitions (p < 0.05) of the production of nitrite and the production of cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα) in noncytotoxic concentrations were observed. The anti-inflammatory effect was also studied via CFA-induced paw edema in vivo tests and zymosan-induced peritonitis. In the paw edema assay, ICMD01 (50 mg kg-1) showed satisfactory activity, as did the group treated with dexamethasone, reducing edema in 2-6 h. In addition, there was no significant inhibition of PGE2, IL-1β or TNFα in vivo. Moreover, in the peritonitis assay that assesses leukocyte migration, ICMD-01 exhibited promising results. Therefore, these preliminary studies demonstrate this compound to be a strong candidate for an anti-inflammatory drug together with an improved gastrointestinal safety profile when compared to the conventional anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil; (P.S.); (S.A.); (R.M.)
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil;
| | - Maria de Almeida
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil;
| | - Jamire Silva
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 58429-500, PE, Brazil;
| | - Sonaly Albino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil; (P.S.); (S.A.); (R.M.)
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil;
| | - Renan Espírito-Santo
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil; (R.E.-S.); (C.V.)
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-290, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 58429-500, PE, Brazil;
| | - Cristiane Villarreal
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil; (R.E.-S.); (C.V.)
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-290, BA, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil; (P.S.); (S.A.); (R.M.)
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil;
| | - Vanda Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil; (P.S.); (S.A.); (R.M.)
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil;
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Raj H, Gupta A, Upmanyu N. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Woodfordia fructicosa Leaves Ethanolic Extract on Adjuvant and Carragenan Treated Rats. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:103-112. [PMID: 30799799 PMCID: PMC7475893 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190222120127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Woodfordia fructicosa is used traditionally for the treatment of inflammation associated with arthritis. METHODS In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of W. fructicosa (WFE) leaves ethanolic extract was assessed in Sprague Dawley rats by giving 200 mg/kg dose orally. Inflammation was studied by using carrageenan induced paw edema, Freund's adjuvant (FA) and monosodium iodo acetate (MIA) induced arthritis as animal models. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was estimated in blood sample of animals treated with FA. The one way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS WFE significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.001) paw thickness in carrageenan induced paw edema and FA induced arthritis. The significant decrease in knee diameter (P<0.001) in MIA induced arthritis as well as inhibitory effect (P<0.001) on elevated TNF- α was observed. CONCLUSION These results showed that the WFEexerted an inhibitory effect on TNF-α and carrageenan paw edema which may justify its traditional use in inflammatory conditions. Thus, the study shows that leaves of W. fruticose afford anti-inflammatory activity by preventing the inflammation in different animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem Raj
- Department of Science, CMJ University Jorabat, Raibhoi, Meghalaya-793101, India
| | | | - Neeraj Upmanyu
- School of Pharmacy and Research, People’s University, Bhopal-462037 (M.P.), India
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Wang Y, Chen Z, Liu C, Lu X, Yang C, Qiu S. Distributive differences of P2Xs between the forelimb and hind limb of adjuvant arthritis rats and intervention by Notopterygh rhizoma et radix. Pharm Biol 2019; 57:82-89. [PMID: 30724643 PMCID: PMC6366419 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1561730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang (Umbelliferae) (NI) specializes in treatment of upper limb rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the exact mechanism is unclear. P2Xs are useful targets for inflammatory pain therapy. It led us to hypothesize that NI may preferentially act on particular P2Xs and these receptors may be unevenly distributed in the upper/lower limb. OBJECTIVE To investigate P2Xs distribution in the upper/lower limb and NI's targets in upper limb RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS The SD rats were randomized into 11 groups of 10 animals each. Eight experimental groups were established by the injection of 0.1 mL FCA into the plantar surface of rat paw. Three control groups suffered the same volume of saline. The articular cavities were then taken on the seventh day to detect P2Xs expression. NI (3 g/kg) and prednisone (10 mg/kg) were respectively given by oral gavage once daily for 14 d. The swelling degree and P2Xs were evaluated individually. RESULTS In normal rats, the expressions of P2X3 and P2X6 in forelimb were markedly higher than that of in hind limb (P < 0.05). After induced by FCA, P2X1, P2X3, P2X4, P2X5 and P2X7 were increased significantly (P < 0.01). The biggest difference was P2X3. In NI treatment rats, swelling degree of the 7th/14th day in forelimb was 68.24%/38.89%, whereas that of in hind limb was 88.72%/79.92%. P2X3 mRNA and protein expression was significantly reduced as contrasted with the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS P2X3 receptor was predominantly expressed in the forelimb RA rat. NI relieved the FCA-induced RA by inhibiting upper limb's P2X3 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, PR China
- CONTACT Yinghao Wang
| | - Zhihuang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Chen Liu
- College of Chemical and Material Science Engineering, Kaili University, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Xuehua Lu
- Fujian Medical Science Research Institute, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Ce Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Songping Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, PR China
- Songping Qiu College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou350122, PR China
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Almeer RS, Hammad SF, Leheta OF, Abdel Moneim AE, Amin HK. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Hyperuricemic Functions of Two Synthetic Hybrid Drugs with Dual Biological Active Sites. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225635. [PMID: 31718011 PMCID: PMC6888696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to test the anti-inflammatory and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of two synthesized molecules and compare them to routinely prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as diclofenac and the serum urate-lowering drug, allopurinol. The anti-inflammatory effects of the designed compounds (A and B) were evaluated in carrageenan (CAR)-induced paw edema in mice. The levels of nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase activity were measured in paw skin using biochemical methods. Additionally, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), C-reactive protein (CRP), cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2 and IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of inflammation-related genes was confirmed by real-time qPCR. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were estimated using immunohistochemistry, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity was evaluated using an in vitro assay. The results revealed that compounds A and B decreased inflammation, as was observed by a reduction in the elevation of all the tested markers. In addition, the tested compounds markedly decreased paw swelling, mobilization of inflammatory cells, iNOS-, and NF-κB-immunoreactive cells in a mouse model of paw edema. Interestingly, both compounds were potent xanthine oxidase inhibitors as well as Cox inhibitors with higher activity in favor of compound B providing potential dual acting series of anti-hyperuricemic and anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafa S. Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif F. Hammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
| | - Ola F. Leheta
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismalia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-11-5332-2079
| | - Hatem K. Amin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
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Balkrishna A, Sakat SS, Joshi K, Joshi K, Sharma V, Ranjan R, Bhattacharya K, Varshney A. Cytokines Driven Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Psoriasis Like Efficacies of Nutraceutical Sea Buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides) Oil. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1186. [PMID: 31680964 PMCID: PMC6797847 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by circumscribed, red, thickened plaques with overlying silvery white scales. It is associated with the release of pro-inflammatory mediators that lead to the development of edema and distress. Here we show the anti-inflammatory and anti-psoriatic efficacies of a neutraceutical sea buckthorn oil (SBKT) derived from the fruit pulp of Hippophae rhamnoides. Chemical analysis of the SBKT showed the presence of 16 major saturated, mono-, and polyunsaturated fatty acids components, imparting significant nutritional values. Efficacy of the SBKT in modulating psoriasis and associated inflammation was first tested in vitro using human monocytic (THP-1) cells. SBKT induced cytotoxicity at a dose of ≥25 µl/ml. Treatment of the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells with SBKT subdued the enhanced release of intracellular reactive nitrogen species and expression of NF-κB protein, in a concentration-dependent manner. This was accompanied by a reduction in the release of downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines: Interleukin-1ß and interleukin-6. Tumor necrosis factor-α released in the stimulated THP-1 cells were also inhibited by SBKT dose of 5 µl/ml. In vivo oral and topical treatment with SBKT in the Carrageenan-stimulated paw edema model, showed a significant decrease in paw volume and edema. In the 12-O tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) stimulated CD-1 mice psoriasis-like model, concurrent oral and tropical SBKT treatments substantially reduced ear edema and ear biopsy weights. Histopathologically, significant reduction in ear epidermal thickness and skin lesion scores was observed in the SBKT-treated animals. In conclusion, SBKT showed anti-inflammatory and anti-psoriasis-like efficacies in healing chemical-induced inflammation and psoriasis. The possible mode of action of SBKT was found through inhibition of reactive nitrogen species, and downregulation of NF-κB protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the present data suggest that Sea buckthorn oil can be used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-psoriatic nutraceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India.,Department of Allied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali YogPeeth, Haridwar, India
| | - Sachin Shridhar Sakat
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Kheemraj Joshi
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Kamal Joshi
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Ravikant Ranjan
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Kunal Bhattacharya
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India.,Department of Allied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali YogPeeth, Haridwar, India
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Soyocak A, Kurt H, Cosan DT, Saydam F, Calis IU, Kolac UK, Koroglu ZO, Degirmenci I, Mutlu FS, Gunes HV. Tannic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on formalin-induced paw edema model of inflammation in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:1296-1301. [PMID: 31315458 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119864154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between anti-inflammatory effects of the natural polyphenolic compound tannic acid (CAS number: 1401-55-4) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity in paw edema model. Thirty-five female rats were divided into five groups. The paws of rats were injected subcutaneously in the plantar surface with formalin except for the control group. Indomethacin and tannic acid were intraperitoneally administered 1 h after formalin injection. The paws volume was measured by using vernier caliper. MPO enzyme activity was determined using 4-aminoantipyrine-phenol solution as the substrate for MPO-mediated oxidation by H2O2. About 17% and 13% edema inhibition has detected in the indomethacin-applied group, at the measurements run every other hour right after the treatment. An inhibition of 16% was found at the group treated with 25 mg/kg tannic acid. However, in the group treated with 50 mg/kg tannic acid, 15% and 7% of the edema inhibition was observed. Serum and paw tissue MPO activities were decreased in treated groups with indomethacin and tannic acid according to formalin control group. Our study results suggest that tannic acid may contribute to the treatment of inflammation by decreasing MPO enzyme activity, but the molecular mechanism is still not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soyocak
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Kurt
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - D Turgut Cosan
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - F Saydam
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - I U Calis
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - U K Kolac
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Z Ozdemir Koroglu
- Vocational School of Health Services, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - I Degirmenci
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Kütahya Medical Science University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - F Sahin Mutlu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - H V Gunes
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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26
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Demsie DG, Yimer EM, Berhe AH, Altaye BM, Berhe DF. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of crude root extract and solvent fractions of Cucumis ficifolius in mice model. J Pain Res 2019; 12:1399-1409. [PMID: 31118758 PMCID: PMC6504711 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s193029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Societies in developing countries use traditional medicine as alternatives for management of pain and inflammation. The plant Cucumis ficifolius has been used in Ethiopia to treat many ailments including inflammation and pain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the crude root extract and solvent fractions of C. ficifolius. Methods: The analgesic activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of C. ficifolius was evaluated with acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate, and formalin-induced paw licking tests. The anti-inflammatory effect of crude methanolic root extract and solvent fractions of C. ficifolius was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema. The crude extract was given at 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. Butanol and aqueous fractions were given at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses. The negative control groups were treated with distilled water (10 mL/kg). Standard drugs used were
acetylsalicylic acid
(ASA) in acetic acid, formalin tests and carrageenan-induced paw edema and morphine (20 mg/kg) in hot plate test. Results: The crude extract, at its maximum dose, produced comparable analgesic activity (72.5%) to ASA in acetic acid writhing test. In the hot plate test, both the crude extract and solvent fractions exhibited a significant prolongation of nociception reaction time. Formalin test result indicated a significant reduction of mean lick time with maximal protection of 64% (early phase) and 83% (late phase). Aqueous and butanol fractions showed good analgesic activity in the three models. Inflammation was decreased by 69% with butanol (200 mg/kg); 71% (800 mg/kg) of crude extract and by 41% and 56% with the use of aqueous fraction at 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: The present study indicates that the crude methanolic root extract, as well as butanol and aqueous solvent fractions, showed anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desalegn Getnet Demsie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Ebrahim M Yimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Abera Hadgu Berhe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | | | - Derbew Fikadu Berhe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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27
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Gonzaga DTG, Oliveira FH, von Ranke NL, Pinho GQ, Salles JP, Bello ML, Rodrigues CR, Castro HC, de Souza HVCM, Reis CRC, Leme RPP, Mafra JCM, Pinheiro LCS, Hoelz LVB, Boechat N, Faria RX. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling Studies of New Thiadiazole Derivatives as Potent P2X7 Receptor Inhibitors. Front Chem 2019; 7:261. [PMID: 31134177 PMCID: PMC6511888 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty new 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole analogs were synthetized to develop P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) inhibitors. P2X7R inhibition in vitro was evaluated in mouse peritoneal macrophages, HEK-293 cells transfected with hP2X7R (dye uptake assay), and THP-1 cells (IL-1β release assay). The 1-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine derivatives 9b, 9c, and 9f, and 2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (11c) showed inhibitory effects with IC50 values ranging from 16 to 122 nM for reduced P2X7R-mediated dye uptake and 20 to 300 nM for IL-1β release. In addition, the in vitro ADMET profile of the four most potent derivatives was determined to be in acceptable ranges concerning metabolic stability and cytotoxicity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies of the molecular complexes human P2X7R/9f and murine P2X7R/9f indicated the putative intermolecular interactions. Compound 9f showed affinity mainly for the Arg268, Lys377, and Asn266 residues. These results suggest that 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole analogs may be promising novel P2X7R inhibitors with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T G Gonzaga
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Biomédico, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe H Oliveira
- Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e Outras Protozooses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - N L von Ranke
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Q Pinho
- Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e Outras Protozooses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Salles
- Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e Outras Protozooses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Murilo L Bello
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Rodrigues
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena C Castro
- Laboratório de Antibióticos, Bioquímica, Ensino e Modelagem Molecular-LABiEMol, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Hellen V C M de Souza
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline R C Reis
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rennan P P Leme
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João C M Mafra
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz C S Pinheiro
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucas V B Hoelz
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nubia Boechat
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Farmanguinhos-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson X Faria
- Instituto Biomédico, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Eltobshi AA, Mohamed EA, Abdelghani GM, Nouh AT. Self-nanoemulsifying drug-delivery systems for potentiated anti-inflammatory activity of diacerein. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6585-6602. [PMID: 30425476 PMCID: PMC6202003 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s178819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective treatment of osteoarthritis necessitates both symptomatic relief and hindrance of joint degeneration progression. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs permit symptomatic relief only and can cause mucosal injury in the gut. Before absorption, diacerein (Dcn) is converted into rhein that counteracts cartilage degeneration without affecting prostaglandin production. Yet, low solubility and laxative action of unabsorbed rhein in the colon hindered its use. Thus, enhanced Dcn dissolution would allow absorption at the upper gut improving its bioavailability and possibly abolishing the laxative action. Methods Therefore, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDSs) with each of gelucire 44/14 (Glc) and d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) at different drug:carrier weight ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and 1:10 were prepared by melt method and filled into hard gelatin capsules. The optimized binary systems were selected based on solid state characterization, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and in vitro evaluation of the prepared SNEDDSs in comparison with their corresponding physical mixtures (PMs) and Dcn. The optimized systems were further examined with respect to their morphology, size distribution and ζ-potential. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity of the optimized systems against carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats was assessed through estimation of edema and edema inhibition percentages as well as histopathological examination and immunohistochemical localization of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and caspase-3. Results Significantly (P<0.05) enhanced in vitro drug release was recorded for SNEDDSs with either carrier when compared to Dcn and the corresponding PMs. SNEDDSs based on 1:10 Dcn:Glc and 1:8 Dcn:TPGS showed significantly (P<0.05) reduced edema and inflammation as well as expression of TNF-α and caspase-3 relative to positive control and Dcn pretreated groups. Conclusion These SNEDDSs can be represented as potential oral drug delivery systems of Dcn for enhanced dissolution and anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced paw edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ahmed Eltobshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt,
| | | | | | - Ahmed Talaat Nouh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
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29
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Zhang Y, Luo L, Han C, Lv H, Chen D, Shen G, Wu K, Pan S, Ye F. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Molecules 2017; 22:E1960. [PMID: 29137170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed and synthesized 26 prototype compounds and studied their anti-inflammatory activity and underlying molecular mechanisms. The inhibitory effects of the compounds on the production of nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, inflammatory-related proteins, and mRNAs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages were determined by the Griess assay, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot analysis, and Reverse transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Our results indicated that treatment with A2, A6 and B7 significantly inhibited the secretion of NO and inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells without demonstrable cytotoxicity. It was also found that A2, A6 and B7 strongly suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase enzyme COX-2, and prevented nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 by inhibiting the degradation of p50 and IκBα. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was significantly inhibited by A2, A6 and B7. These findings suggest that A2, A6 and B7 may operate as an effective anti-inflammatory agent through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages. Moreover, rat paw swelling experiments showed that these compounds possess anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, with compound A6 exhibiting similar activities to the reference drug Indomethacin.
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30
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Paterniti I, Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Bisignano C, Gugliandolo E, Carughi A, Esposito E, Mandalari G, Cuzzocrea S. The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential of Pistachios (Pistacia vera L.) In Vitro and In Vivo. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080915. [PMID: 28829406 PMCID: PMC5579708 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have demonstrated the effectiveness of pistachio against oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we investigate if polyphenols extracts from natural raw shelled pistachios (NP) or roasted salted pistachio (RP) kernels have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties at lower doses than reported previously, in both in vitro and in vivo models. The monocyte/macrophage cell line J774 was used to assess the extent of protection by NP and RP pistachios against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Moreover, antioxidant activity of NP and RP was assessed in an in vivo model of paw edema in rats induced by carrageenan (CAR) injection in the paw. Results from the in vitro study demonstrated that pre-treatment with NP (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/mL) and RP (0.01 and 0.1 mg/mL) exerted a significant protection against LPS induced inflammation. Western blot analysis showed NP reduced the degradation of IκB-α, although not significantly, whereas both NP and RP decreased the TNF-α and IL-1β production in a dose-dependent way. A significant reduction of CAR-induced histological paw damage, neutrophil infiltration and nitrotyrosine formation was observed in the rats treated with NP. These data demonstrated that, at lower doses, polyphenols present in pistachios possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This may contribute toward a better understanding of the beneficial health effects associated with consumption of pistachios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bisignano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Arianna Carughi
- American Pistachio Growers, 9 River Park Pl E, Fresno, CA 93720, USA.
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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Petrosino S, Campolo M, Impellizzeri D, Paterniti I, Allarà M, Gugliandolo E, D'Amico R, Siracusa R, Cordaro M, Esposito E, Di Marzo V, Cuzzocrea S. 2-Pentadecyl-2-Oxazoline, the Oxazoline of Pea, Modulates Carrageenan-Induced Acute Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:308. [PMID: 28611664 PMCID: PMC5448350 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) involve a family of lipid molecules existent in animal and plant, with N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) that arouses great attention owing to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and neuroprotective activities. Because PEA is produced on demand and exerts pleiotropic effects, the modulation of specific amidases for NAEs (and in particular NAE-hydrolyzing acid amidase NAAA, which is more selective for PEA) could be a condition to preserve its levels. Here we investigate the effect of 2-Pentadecyl-2-oxazoline (PEA-OXA) the oxazoline of PEA, on human recombinant NAAA in vitro and in an established model of Carrageenan (CAR)-induced rat paw inflammation. PEA-OXA dose-dependently significantly inhibited recombinant NAAA and, orally administered to rats (10 mg/kg), limiting histological damage, thermal hyperalgesia and the increase of infiltrating inflammatory cells after CAR injection in the rat right hindpaw, compared to ultramicronized PEA given orally at the same dose (10 mg/kg). These effects were accompanied by elevation of paw PEA levels. Moreover, PEA-OXA markedly reduced neutrophil infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine release and prevented CAR-induced IκB-α degradation, nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, the increase of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and mast cell activation. Experiments in PPAR-α knockout mice showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of PEA-OXA were not dependent on the presence of PPAR-α receptors. In conclusion, NAAA modulators as PEA-OXA could help to maximize the tissue availability of PEA by increasing its levels and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Petrosino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePozzuoli, Italy.,Epitech Group SpASaccolongo, Italy
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Marco Allarà
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePozzuoli, Italy.,Epitech Group SpASaccolongo, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePozzuoli, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
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Bento da Silva P, Fioramonti Calixto GM, Oshiro Júnior JA, Bombardelli RLÁ, Fonseca-Santos B, Rodero CF, Chorilli M. Structural Features and the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Green Tea Extract-Loaded Liquid Crystalline Systems Intended for Skin Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E30. [PMID: 30970708 DOI: 10.3390/polym9010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Camellia sinensis, which is obtained from green tea extract (GTE), has been widely used in therapy owing to the antioxidant, chemoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities of its chemical components. However, GTE is an unstable compound, and may undergo reactions that lead to a reduction or loss of its effectiveness and even its degradation. Hence, an attractive approach to overcome this problem to protect the GTE is its incorporation into liquid crystalline systems (LCS) that are drug delivery nanostructured systems with different rheological properties, since LCS have both fluid liquid and crystalline solid properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and characterize GTE-loaded LCS composed of polyoxypropylene (5) polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl alcohol, avocado oil, and water (F25E, F29E, and F32E) with different rheological properties and to determine their anti-inflammatory efficacy. Polarized light microscopy revealed that the formulations F25, F29, and F32 showed hexagonal, cubic, and lamellar liquid crystalline mesophases, respectively. Rheological studies showed that F32 is a viscous Newtonian liquid, while F25 and F29 are dilatant and pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluids, respectively. All GTE-loaded LCS behaved as pseudoplastic with thixotropy; furthermore, the presence of GTE increased the S values and decreased the n values, especially in F29, indicating that this LCS has the most organized structure. Mechanical and bioadhesive properties of GTE-unloaded and -loaded LCS corroborated the rheological data, showing that F29 had the highest mechanical and bioadhesive values. Finally, in vivo inflammation assay revealed that the less elastic and consistent LCS, F25E and F32E presented statistically the same anti-inflammatory activity compared to the positive control, decreasing significantly the paw edema after 4 h; whereas, the most structured and elastic LCS, F29E, strongly limited the potential effects of GTE. Thereby, the development of drug delivery systems with suitable rheological properties may enhance GTE bioavailability, enabling its administration via the skin for the treatment of inflammation.
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Su M, Cao J, Huang J, Liu S, Im DS, Yoo JW, Jung JH. The In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Phthalimide PPAR-γ Agonist. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E7. [PMID: 28054961 DOI: 10.3390/md15010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, the authors found that 4-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenethyl) isoindoline-1,3-dione (PD1) (a phthalimide analogue) bound to and activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Since PPAR-γ suppresses inflammatory responses, the present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of PD1. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine RAW264.7 macrophages, PD1 suppressed the inductions of pro-inflammatory factors, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Concomitantly, PD1 enhanced the expressions of anti-inflammatory factors, such as arginase-1 and interleukin-10 (IL-10), and suppressed LPS-evoked nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 subunit phosphorylation in macrophages. In addition, PPAR-γ activated by PD1 was intensively translocated to the nucleus. These observations suggest that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of PD1 involves inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. In a subsequent in vivo animal experiment conducted using a carrageenan-induced acute inflammatory rat paw edema model, intraperitoneal injection of PD1 significantly reduced paw swelling. Histological analysis of rat paw tissue sections revealed less infiltration of immune cells in PD1-pretreated animals. These findings suggest that PD1 be viewed as a lead compound for the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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Wang Y, Li GH, Liu XY, Xu L, Wang SS, Zhang XM. IN VIVO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF TARAXASTEROL AGAINST ANIMAL MODELS. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2016; 14:43-51. [PMID: 28480383 PMCID: PMC5411885 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine Taraxacum officinale has been widely used to treat various inflammatory diseases. Taraxasterol is one of the main active components isolated from Taraxacum officinale. Recently, we have demonstrated that taraxasterol has the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to determine the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of taraxasterol against animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-inflammatory effects were assessed in four animal models by using dimethylbenzene-induced mouse ear edema, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, acetic acid-induced mouse vascular permeability and cotton pellet-induced rat granuloma tests. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that taraxasterol dose-dependently attenuated dimethylbenzene-induced mouse ear edema and carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, decreased acetic acid-induced mouse vascular permeability and inhibited cotton pellet-induced rat granuloma formation. CONCLUSION Our finding indicates that taraxasterol has obvious in vivo anti-inflammatory effects against animal models. It will provide experimental evidences for the traditional use of Taraxacum officinale and taraxasterol in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, China
| | - Guan-Hao Li
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, China
| | - Xin-Yu Liu
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, China
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Fonseca-Santos B, Dos Santos AM, Rodero CF, Gremião MPD, Chorilli M. Design, characterization, and biological evaluation of curcumin-loaded surfactant-based systems for topical drug delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:4553-4562. [PMID: 27660447 PMCID: PMC5019438 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s108675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
From previous studies, it has been found that curcumin exhibits an anti-inflammatory activity and is being used for the treatment of skin disorders; however, it is hydrophobic and has weak penetrating ability, resulting in poor drug transport through the stratum corneum. The aim of this study was to develop liquid crystalline systems for topical administration of curcumin for the treatment of inflammation. These liquid crystalline systems were developed from oleic acid, polyoxypropylene (5) polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl alcohol, and water as the surfactant, oil phase, and aqueous phase, respectively. These systems were characterized, and polarized light microscopy showed anisotropy with lamellar mesophases (Formulation 1) and hexagonal mesophases (Formulations 2 and 3), which were confirmed by the peak ratio measured using small-angle X-ray scattering. In addition, rheological tests revealed that the formulations exhibited gel-like behavior (G′>G″), as evidenced by the increased G′ values that indicate structured systems. Texture profile analysis showed that hexagonal mesophases have high values of hardness, adhesiveness, and compressibility, which indicate structured systems. In vitro studies on bioadhesion revealed that the hexagonal mesophases increased the bioadhesiveness of the systems to the skin of the pig ear. An in vivo inflammation experiment showed that the curcumin-loaded hexagonal mesophase exhibited an anti-inflammatory activity as compared to the positive control (dexamethasone). The results suggest that this system has a potential to be used as a bioadhesive vehicle for the topical administration of curcumin. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that these systems can be used for the optimization of drug delivery systems to the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Aline Martins Dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Camila Fernanda Rodero
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo Brazil
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Rao SS, Najam R. Coconut water of different maturity stages ameliorates inflammatory processes in model of inflammation. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2016; 5:244-9. [PMID: 27366350 PMCID: PMC4927129 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160402120142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Coconut water is a natural beverage that is a part of daily diet of many people. This study was designed to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of coconut water of different maturation stages (young and mature) with rat paw edema model of inflammation using plethysmometer. METHODOLOGY For this study, albino rats were selected and divided into four equal groups (10 rats in each group). Group 1 was set as control and administered distilled water 1 ml orally; Groups 2 and 3 were treated with young and mature coconut water, respectively, at 4 ml/100 g dose orally. Group 4 was treated with the standard drug (ibuprofen) at 400 mg/70 kg. 0.1 ml of 1% w/v acetic acid was administered in the subplantar tissue of rat paw 30 min after oral treatments of groups. Plethysmometer was used to measure rat paw edema. RESULTS Results revealed that both coconut water possess significant anti-inflammatory activity (P < 0.001). In comparison to control, percent inhibition by young coconut water was 20.22%, 35.13%, 42.52%, and 36% at 1, 2, 3, and 4 h of acetic acid administration, respectively. However, maximum percent inhibition (42.52%) was observed in the second phase of the inflammatory process. On the other hand, percent inhibition by mature coconut water was 18.80%, 25.94%, 24.13%, and 18.66% at 1, 2, 3, and 4 h of acetic acid administration, respectively. However, maximum percent inhibition (25.94%) was observed in the first phase of the inflammatory process. CONCLUSIONS This study strongly suggests the use of young coconut water for potent anti-inflammatory effect and mature coconut water for moderate anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Saleem Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rahila Najam
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Nardi GM, Farias Januario AG, Freire CG, Megiolaro F, Schneider K, Perazzoli MRA, Do Nascimento SR, Gon AC, Mariano LNB, Wagner G, Niero R, Locatelli C. Anti-inflammatory Activity of Berry Fruits in Mice Model of Inflammation is Based on Oxidative Stress Modulation. Pharmacognosy Res 2016; 8:S42-9. [PMID: 27114691 PMCID: PMC4821106 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.178642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many fruits have been used as nutraceuticals because the presence of bioactive molecules that play biological activities. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to compare the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of methanolic extracts of Lycium barbarum (GOJI), Vaccinium macrocarpon (CRAN) and Vaccinium myrtillus (BLUE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Mices were treated with extracts (50 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.), twice a day through 10 days. Phytochemical analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidant activity was determine by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, reducing power, lipid peroxidation thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by paw edema followed by determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and TBARS. RESULTS High amount of phenolic compounds, including rutin, were identified in all berries extracts. However, quercetin was observed only in BLUE and CRAN. GOJI presents higher scavenging activity of DPPH radical and reducing power than BLUE and CRAN. The extracts improved antioxidant status in liver; BLUE showed the largest reduction (75.3%) in TBARS when compared to CRAN (70.7%) and GOJI (65.3%). Nonetheless, CAT activity was lower in BLUE group. However, hepatic concentrations of GSH were higher in animals treated with GOJI rather than CRAN and BLUE. Despite all fruits caused a remarkable reduction in paw edema and TBARS, only BLUE and CRAN were able to reduce MPO. CONCLUSION These results suggest that quercetin, rutin, or other phenolic compound found in these berry fruits extracts could produce an anti-inflammatory response based on modulation of oxidative stress in paw edema model. SUMMARY Within fruits broadly consumed because of its nutraceuticals properties include, Lycium barbarum (Goji berry), Vaccinium myrtillus (Blueberry or Bilberry) and Vaccinium macrocarpon (Cranberry)The objectives of this study were the investigation and comparison of chemical composition, antioxidant activity "in vitro" and "in vivo" and anti inflammatory property of berry fruits bought dry form.In summary, two main findings can be addressed with this study: (1) Berry fruits presented antioxidant and anti inflammatory activities "in vitro" and "in vivo"; (2) the extracts of GOJI, CRAN, and BLUE modulate the inflammatory process by different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geisson Marcos Nardi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Life Sciences Branch, University of the West of Santa Catarina - Unoesc, Brazil
| | | | - Cassio Geremia Freire
- Post Graduate Program in Science and Biotechnology, Branch of Biotechnology, University of the West of Santa Catarina - Unoesc, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Megiolaro
- Post Graduate Program in Science and Biotechnology, Branch of Biotechnology, University of the West of Santa Catarina - Unoesc, Brazil
| | - Kétlin Schneider
- Post Graduate Program in Science and Biotechnology, Branch of Biotechnology, University of the West of Santa Catarina - Unoesc, Brazil
| | | | - Scheley Raap Do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Life Sciences Branch, University of the West of Santa Catarina - Unoesc, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Gon
- Post Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations Center, University of Itajaí Valley - Univali, Brazil
| | - Luísa Nathália Bolda Mariano
- Post Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations Center, University of Itajaí Valley - Univali, Brazil
| | - Glauber Wagner
- Laboratory of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Life Sciences Branch, University of the West of Santa Catarina - Unoesc, Brazil
| | - Rivaldo Niero
- Post Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations Center, University of Itajaí Valley - Univali, Brazil
| | - Claudriana Locatelli
- Post Graduate Program in Science and Biotechnology, Branch of Biotechnology, University of the West of Santa Catarina - Unoesc, Brazil
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Rocha RS, Kassuya CAL, Formagio ASN, Mauro MDO, Andrade-Silva M, Monreal ACD, Cunha-Laura AL, Vieira MDC, Oliveira RJ. Analysis of the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive potential and description of the antimutagenic mode of action of the Annona crassiflora methanolic extract. Pharm Biol 2015; 54:35-47. [PMID: 25885939 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1014567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Annona crassiflora Mart. (Annonaceae) is a medicinal plant that is widely used in folk medicine, which leads to its investigation as a potential source of new pharmacological principles. OBJECTIVE This study describes the anti-inflammatory, antiallodynic, and antimutagenic/chemopreventive activities of the leaves A. crassiflora methanolic extract. Its antimutagenic mode of action was analyzed in a plant or animal experimental model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total flavonoids were quantified by spectrophotometry at 415 nm and its composition was analyzed by (1)H NMR spectra. Animals received orally, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of extract in both tests, carrageenan-induced paw edema and myeloperoxidase activity. Animals were treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg, in all the analyzed tests, pleural cell migration and protein exudation, carrageenan-induced cell migration into the pouch, induction of joint inflammation and carrageenan-induced allodynia response in the mouse paw. To evaluate the antimutagenic/chemopreventive activity through the Allium cepa test, we used 5, 10, and 15 mg/L of extract, and for the micronucleus test in the peripheral blood, we used the dose of 15 mg/kg. RESULTS The fractionation of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction, resulting from the partition of the methanol extract of the A. crassiflora, afforded through chromatographic methods resulted in the isolation of kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-diglucoside. Oral treatment with 100 and 300 mg/kg of extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema formation, with inhibitions of 53 ± 7% and 47 ± 10%; in MPO activity, the observed inhibitions were 60 ± 7% for 100 mg/kg treatment and 63 ± 7% for 300 mg/kg. The ACME reduced significantly the total leukocytes (an inhibition of 78 ± 9% with 100 mg/kg and 90 ± 7% with 300 mg/kg) and protein levels (approximately 100% inhibition with both doses) in the pleurisy model. In carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration into the pouch, the extract inhibited leukocyte migration only when administered 300 mg/kg per dose (the reduction was 43 ± 5%). Pretreatment with extract failed to reduce the zymosan-induced edema formation and did not inhibit the carrageenan-induced mechanical allodynia. Damage reduction in Allium cepa tested with different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) was 66.17, 75.75, and 69.19% for the pre-treatment; 72.72, 33.33, and 22.22% for the simple simultaneous treatment; 100.50, 93.93, and 102.52% for the simultaneous treatment with pre-incubation; 89.39, 79.79, and 84.34%; for the post-treatment, and 86.36, 81.31, and 93.43% for the continuous treatment. The antimutagenic evaluation in the micronucleous test showed a damage reduction of 75.00 and 64.58% for the pre-treatment and simultaneous protocols, respectively. The post-treatment protocol increased the cyclophosphamide effects in 45.83%. CONCLUSION These results suggest that this medicinal plant has chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Schroder Rocha
- a Center of Studies in Stem Cells, Cell Therapy and Genetic Toxicology (CeTroGen), University Hospital (NHU), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) , Campo Grande , MS , Brazil
- b Center of Biological and Health Sciences (CCBS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) , Campo Grande , MS , Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariana de Oliveira Mauro
- a Center of Studies in Stem Cells, Cell Therapy and Genetic Toxicology (CeTroGen), University Hospital (NHU), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) , Campo Grande , MS , Brazil
- e Midwest Pro Network - Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) , Campo Grande , MS , Brazil
| | - Magaiver Andrade-Silva
- c Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD) , Dourados , MS , Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Duenhas Monreal
- b Center of Biological and Health Sciences (CCBS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) , Campo Grande , MS , Brazil
| | - Andréa Luiza Cunha-Laura
- b Center of Biological and Health Sciences (CCBS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) , Campo Grande , MS , Brazil
- f Master's Programme in Pharmacy, Center of Biological and Health Sciences (CCBS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) , Campo Grande , MS , Brazil , and
| | - Maria do Carmo Vieira
- d Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (FCA), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD) , Dourados , MS , Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira
- a Center of Studies in Stem Cells, Cell Therapy and Genetic Toxicology (CeTroGen), University Hospital (NHU), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) , Campo Grande , MS , Brazil
- f Master's Programme in Pharmacy, Center of Biological and Health Sciences (CCBS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) , Campo Grande , MS , Brazil , and
- g Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, School of Medicine "Dr. Hélio Mandetta" (FAMED), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) , Campo Grande , MS , Brazil
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Chowdhury S, Nishteswar K, Nariya MK. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous extract of leaves of Pentatropis capensis Linn. f. (Bullock). Anc Sci Life 2015; 34:64-7. [PMID: 25861138 PMCID: PMC4389394 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.153457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Herbal analgesic and anti-inflammatory remedies are preferred much because of lesser side effects and also a lower tendency for habit formation. Pentatropis capensis is such an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug which is popular among folklore remedies for various injuries and inflammatory problems. It is called by the name of Kākanāsikā in Ayurvedic works. This study was designed to investigate the analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous extract of P. capensis leaves (AEPC) in rats. Materials and Methods: AEPC was assessed for Analgesic effect through radiant heat tail-flick model and anti-inflammatory effect through carrageenan-induced paw edema model on Wistar strain of albino rats. Results: Pentatropis capensis leaves aqueous extract showed significant (P < 0.001) increase in the duration of latency of tail flick response at the dose levels of 450 mg/kg, p.o. as compared to the control group. Similarly, the similar dose level produced significant (P < 0.01) anti-inflammatory effect against acute paw edema after 3 h of carrageenan induction when compared to the control group. Conclusion: The observed effects were comparable with the standard drug-treated group thus demonstrating effective central analgesic and acute anti-inflammatory potentials of the P. capensis leaves aqueous extract and the observations substantiate its folklore use as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Chowdhury
- Department of Dravyaguna, Institute of Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - K Nishteswar
- Department of Dravyaguna, Institute of Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Nariya
- Department of Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
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Venkataharsha P, Maheshwara E, Raju YP, Reddy VA, Rayadu BS, Karisetty B. Liposomal Aloe vera trans-emulgel drug delivery of naproxen and nimesulide: A study. Int J Pharm Investig 2015; 5:28-34. [PMID: 25599030 PMCID: PMC4286832 DOI: 10.4103/2230-973x.147230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present aim of this study was to formulate naproxen and nimesulide liposomal formulation for incorporation in Aloe vera transemulgel and to carry out in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the formulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A. vera gel was prepared and used as a gel base for formulation. Carbopol 934 is used as a gelling agent and Methyl paraben was used as a preservative for the formulation of the gel. Liposomes was formulated by using hydration method. The formulated naproxen and nimesulide liposomal formulation using A. vera trans-emul gel were evaluated for in vitro studies such as drug release, permeation study, and drug content and entrapment efficiency. Paw edema method in Wistar rats induced by carrageenan is used to study in vivo anti-inflammatory action. RESULT From the in vitro studies such permeability drug release naproxen 65% (69.6), Nimesulide 65% (61.1), and commercial Nimsulide gel (60.82) at 240 min. In vivo data shows that formulated liposomal transemulgel formulation are superior in their efficacy compared to commercial and A. vera gel. The results are compared with the commercial formulations. CONCLUSION From our results, it is concluded that the A. vera trans emul gel using nimesulide and naproxen liposomal formulation is stable and prepared gel base is effective for formulation with high drug release and drug content compared with commercial formulation with significant anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panuganti Venkataharsha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ellutla Maheshwara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Y Prasanna Raju
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy, A. Rangampet, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vayalpati Ashok Reddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy, A. Rangampet, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bandugalla Sanjeev Rayadu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy, A. Rangampet, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Basappa Karisetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Zuo J, Xia Y, Mao KJ, Li X, Chen JW. Xanthone-rich dichloromethane fraction of Securidaca inappendiculata, the possible antirheumatic material base with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immunodepressive effects. Pharm Biol 2014; 52:1367-1373. [PMID: 25026334 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.892143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk. is an traditional Chinese medicine curing rheumatoid arthritis, but there is a lack of reports on material base research. OBJECTIVE To find the active fraction of S. inappendiculata contributing the most to antirheumatic activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prior to assays in vivo, mice were treated with different fractions from S. inappendiculata for 5 d at doses relative to 10, 5, and 2.5 g/kg of crude drug. Hot plate test and carrageenan-induced paw edema test were used to investigate analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. PGE2 levels in inflammatory paws were determined by a colorimetric method. Carbon clearance test in vivo and lymphocyte transformation test in vitro were employed to assess the immune regulation activity. HPLC was used to explore the main compounds in the active fraction. RESULTS All the fractions, especially the dichloromethane fraction (SID), alleviated inflammation. High dose of SID (112 mg/kg) inhibited paw swelling by 63.1%, and decreased PGE2 level to 38 ng/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction (SIE) and SID suppressed the carbon clearance rate (K = 0.044, 0.038 for high dose) efficiently. All fractions hindered the transformation and proliferation of lymphocyte, and prolonged the reaction time of rats in the hot plate test. The concentrations of two typical xanthones: 2-hydroxyl-1,7-dimethoxyl-xanthone and 1,7-dihydroxyl-xanthone in SID were 0.93% and 1.19%, respectively, by HPLC analysis. CONCLUSION SID exhibited significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immunodepressive effects in vivo and vitro, and deemed as the main material base for the antirheumatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zuo
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
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Ilic NM, Dey M, Poulev A, Logendra S, Kuhn PE, Raskin I. Anti-inflammatory activity of grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta Schum) extract. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:10452-7. [PMID: 25293633 PMCID: PMC4212708 DOI: 10.1021/jf5026086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The ethanolic extract of grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta Schum, Zingiberaceae) has been evaluated for inhibitory activity on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme, in vivo for the anti-inflammatory activity and expression of several pro-inflammatory genes. Bioactivity-guided fractionation showed that the most active COX-2 inhibitory compound in the extract was [6]-paradol. [6]-Shogaol, another compound from the extract, was the most active inhibitory compound in pro-inflammatory gene expression assays. In a rat paw edema model, the whole extract reduced inflammation by 49% at 1000 mg/kg. Major gingerols from the extract [6]-paradol, [6]-gingerol, and [6]-shogaol reduced inflammation by 20, 25 and 38%. respectively when administered individually at a dose of 150 mg/kg. [6]-Shogaol efficacy was at the level of aspirin, used as a positive control. Grains of paradise extract has demonstrated an anti-inflammatory activity, which is in part due to the inhibition of COX-2 enzyme activity and expression of pro-inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojsa M. Ilic
- Institute
of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Phone: +381 21 485 3824. E-mail:
| | - Moul Dey
- Biotech
Center, Cook College, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
| | - Alexander
A. Poulev
- Biotech
Center, Cook College, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
| | - Sithes Logendra
- Biotech
Center, Cook College, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
| | - Peter E. Kuhn
- Biotech
Center, Cook College, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Biotech
Center, Cook College, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
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Ma L, He L, Lei L, Liang X, Lei K, Zhang R, Yang Z, Chen L. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-nitropyrimidine-2,4-dione analogues as inhibitors of nitric oxide and iNOS activity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:296-9. [PMID: 24985766 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fifty two compounds based on 5-nitropyrimidine-2,4-dione moiety have been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory potency on the production of nitric oxide. Among them, compound 36 inhibited the production of nitric oxide (IC50 : 8.6 μm) on lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity (IC50 : 6.2 μm), as well as exerted no potential cytotoxicity (IC50 > 80.0 μm). Docking study confirmed that compound 36 was an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor with perfect binding to the active site of inducible nitric oxide synthase. At a dose of 10 mg/kg, oral administration of 36 possessed protective properties in carrageenan-induced paw edema of male ICR mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Lee KP, Sudjarwo GW, Kim JS, Dirgantara S, Maeng WJ, Hong H. The anti-inflammatory effect of Indonesian Areca catechu leaf extract in vitro and in vivo. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:267-71. [PMID: 24944770 PMCID: PMC4058559 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.3.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme can cause inflammation. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is also involved in the inflammatory response through regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Areca catechu is one of the known fruit plants of the Palmaceae family. It has been used for a long time as a source of herbal medicine in Indonesia. In this study, we explored the effect of Indonesian Areca catechu leaf ethanol extract (ACE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and carrageenan-induced paw edema models. Recently, this natural extract has been in the spotlight because of its efficacy and limited or no toxic side effects. However, the mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory effect remains to be elucidated. MATERIALS/METHODS We measured NO production by using the Griess reagent, and determined the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins, such as iNOS, COX2, and NF-κB, by western blot. To confirm the effect of ACE in vivo, we used the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. RESULTS Compared to untreated cells, LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells treated with ACE showed reduced NO generation and reduced iNOS and COX-2 expression. We found that the acute inflammatory response was significantly reduced by ACE in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that ACE can inhibit inflammation and modulate NO generation via downregulation of iNOS levels and NF-κB signaling in vitro and in vivo. ACE may have a potential medical benefit as an anti-inflammation agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Pa Lee
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | | | - Ji-Su Kim
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Septrianto Dirgantara
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Indonesia
| | - Won Jai Maeng
- College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Heeok Hong
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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Silva FV, Oliveira IS, Figueiredo KA, Júnior FBM, Costa DA, Chaves MH, Amaral MPM, Almeida FRC, Oliveira FA, Oliveira RCM. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Sterculia striata A. St.-Hil. & Naudin (Malvaceae) in rodents. J Med Food 2014; 17:694-700. [PMID: 24476221 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work reports the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the ethanol extract obtained from the stem bark of Sterculia striata A. St.-Hil. & Naudin (Ss-EtOH) in the experimental models of edema induced by carrageenan, dextran, or histamin and nociception induced by chemical stimuli, such as acetic acid, formalin, capsaicin, or glutamate. The Ss-EtOH (50 mg/kg) promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan or dextran (30% and 73%, respectively). Besides, Ss-EtOH (25 mg/kg) exhibited a slight activity (30%) on the hind paw edema induced by histamin. The Ss-EtOH (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) showed the antinociceptive activity on chemical stimuli induced by acetic acid (65.59% and 38.37%, respectively), formalin, in the initial (35.08% and 31.5%, respectively) and late phases (44.09% and 83.57%, respectively), capsaicin (43.77% and 51.31%, respectively), or glutamate (36.6% and 52.12%, respectively). Regarding the possible mechanism involved in the antinociceptive effect, Ss-EtOH (12.5 mg/kg) showed a decrease in the antinociceptive effect (65.8%) in the acetic acid model after pretreatment with naloxone. Thus, opioid mechanisms might be underlying this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francilene V Silva
- 1 Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí , Teresina, PI, Brazil
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46
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Jaiswal SR, Sontakke SD. Experimental evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of simvastatin and atorvastatin. Indian J Pharmacol 2013; 44:475-9. [PMID: 23087508 PMCID: PMC3469950 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.99311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of atorvastatin and simvastatin in different experimental models in mice and rats. Materials and Methods: Analgesic activity of simvastatin and atorvastatin was assessed in tail flick model in rats (n = 6), where it was compared with aspirin and tramadol and in acetic acid induced writhing in mice (n = 6), where it was compared with aspirin. Anti-inflammatory activity of statins was evaluated using carrageenin induced paw edema and formalin induced arthritis in rats. Results: In the tail flick method, analgesic effect of tramadol was significantly more than the other drugs except at two observation times, when it was comparable to simvastatin and atorvastatin. Effect of simvastatin was found to be comparable to aspirin. In acetic acid induced writhing method, analgesic activity of simvastatin was comparable to that of aspirin while that of atorvastatin was significantly less. In carrageenin induced paw edema in rats, both simvastatin and atorvastatin showed anti-inflammatory activity which was comparable to aspirin. Both the statins exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity (P < 0.01) in formalin induced arthritis model though less than aspirin (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study if substantiated by further experimental and clinical research suggest that simvastatin and atorvastatin may play an adjuvant role, which may be particularly beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory disorders, especially when there is coexisting dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil R Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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47
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Simpi CC, Nagathan CV, Karajgi SR, Kalyane NV. Evaluation of marine brown algae Sargassum ilicifolium extract for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. Pharmacognosy Res 2013; 5:146-9. [PMID: 23900805 PMCID: PMC3719253 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.112413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The methanolic extract of Sargassum ilicifolium (Pheophyceae) was used to evaluate its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in the present study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Analgesic activity was tested using Acetic acid writhing method and Eddy hot plate method in Male albino mice and Wister rats respectively at a dose level of 1, 10, 50, 100mg/kg p.o. At the same dose, its anti-inflammatory activity was also tested using Carrageenan induced rat paw edema method Result Acetic acid writhing test and Eddy's hot plate episodes were significantly and dose dependently reduced. Carrageenan (a standard inflammatory agent) induced paw edema in rats was significantly reduced after intraperitonal administration of methanolic extract. RESULTS showed dose dependant significant activity in comparison with standard and control. CONCLUSION Methanolic extracts of the brown seaweeds Sargassum ilicifolium have potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity at moderate doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandraraj C Simpi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, B.L.D.E.A College of Pharmacy, Bijapur, India
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48
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Ram HNA, Sriwastava NK, Makhija IK, Shreedhara CS. Anti-inflammatory activity of Ajmodadi Churna extract against acute inflammation in rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2012; 3:33-7. [PMID: 22529678 PMCID: PMC3326793 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.93946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ayurvedic polyherbal formulations are widely prescribed for a wide range of inflammatory conditions, yet, despite widespread use, there has been no systematic documentation of their safety and efficacy. Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extracts of Ajmodadi churna (AJM) in rats. Materials and Methods: Carrageenan-induced hind paw edema and air pouch inflammation models were used for the study. Results: The extracts showed significant antiinflammatory activity, reducing paw edema volume by 0.417 ± 0.097 and 0.379 ± 0.049, respectively. In the carrageenan-induced air pouch model, AJM reduced total leukocyte count by 73.09 ± 7.13 and 62.17 ± 10.53, granulocyte count by 69.48 ± 5.44 and 63.33 ± 4.13, and myeloperoxidase activity by 14.84 ± 0.91 and 18.44 ± 3.18, respectively, compared to controls. Discussion and Conclusion: AJM significantly reduced paw edema, during the second phase of edema development. In the carrageenan-induced air pouch model, AJM inhibited cellular infiltration into the air pouch fluid. We conclude that AJM is an effective candidate for prevention or treatment of acute inflammation
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Aswatha Ram
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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49
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Mahdi MF, Mohammed MH, Jassim AAK. Design, synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents having a 4-(methylsulfonyl) aniline pharmacophore. Molecules 2012; 17:1751-63. [PMID: 22328075 PMCID: PMC6268323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17021751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline derivatives were synthesized in order to obtain new compounds as a potential anti-inflammatory agents with expected selectivity against COX-2 enzyme. In vivo acute anti-inflammatory activity of the final compounds 11-14 was evaluated in rat using an egg-white induced edema model of inflammation in a dose equivalent to 3 mg/Kg of diclofenac sodium. All tested compounds produced significant reduction of paw edema with respect to the effect of propylene glycol 50% v/v (control group). Moreover, the activity of compounds 11 and 14 was significantly higher than that of diclofenac sodium (at 3 mg/Kg) in the 120-300 minute time interval, while compound 12 expressed a comparable effect to that of diclofenac sodium in the 60-240 minute time interval time, and compound 13 showed a comparable effect to that of diclofenac sodium at all experimental times. The result of this study indicates that the incorporation of the 4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline pharamacophore into naproxen, indomethacine, diclofenac and mefanamic acid maintained their anti-inflammatory activity and may increase selectivity towards the COX-2 enzyme which will be confirmed in the future by assessing COX-2: COX-1 inhibitory ratios using a whole blood assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monther Faisel Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10047, Iraq.
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50
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Singh S, Nair V, Gupta Y. Antiarthritic activity of majoon suranjan (a polyherbal Unani formulation) in rat. Indian J Med Res 2011; 134:384-8. [PMID: 21985823 PMCID: PMC3193721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Majoon Suranjan (MS) is a polyherbal formulation used in Unani system of medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The present study evaluates the antiarthritic efficacy of this formulation in three different experimental models. METHODS The anti-inflammatory activity of MS (in doses of 450, 900 and 1800 mg/kg body wt) was evaluated using the turpentine oil induced paw oedema model and the antiarthritic efficacy was evaluated using the formaldehyde and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis models. Aspirin (100 mg/kg body wt) was used as the standard drug in all the models. In order to assess the safety of the test drug, oral acute and 28 day toxicity studies were also carried out. RESULTS MS produced a dose dependent protective effect in all the experimental models. Its antiarthritic efficacy was comparable to aspirin in formaldehyde induced arthritis and was superior to aspirin in turpentine oil induced paw oedema and CFA induced arthritis. MS also inhibited the delayed increase in joint diameter as seen in control and aspirin treated animals in CFA induced arthritis. Oral LD 50 of MS was found to be >5000 mg/kg in rats. Chronic administration did not produce any significant physiological changes in the tested animals. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study suggest that the antiarthritic activity of MS was due to the interplay between its anti-inflammatory and disease modifying activities, thus supporting its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,Reprint requests: Dr Surender Singh, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India e-mail:
| | - Vinod Nair
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Y.K. Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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